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,zeciqgd zecleza dkeane xayn iwxt ± jaqa fg`p,sq` cec 'nr 378,e"qyz milyexi,xfy onlf fkxn cg` ly mipiiprne miaeyg mixwgn dray `xewd iptl `ian sq` cec 'text ly ycgd extq aigxd,xara zepey zenaa eritedy,eixwgn z` okcr xagnd.epinia [(g"qyz) br dpy,l`xyi zeclez xwgl oerax ± oeiv] zeciqgd ixweg ixikan ekxc lr iaihweaext ibelecezn `ean extql sxiv `ed.ycegn yeal mdl wiprde hrna mze`.ziniptd ziciqgd ditxbeixehqidd lr xwirae odipinl zeqiebn xwgn zelekq` znerl oeixehqidk `eana oecp mb jk ab`e,elek xtqd ly eznexz z`e mnvrl xtqd iwxt z` xewqp df xvw xn`na,'yecw e` xnen' (`) :od 'zeciqgd zecleza dkeane xayn iwxt' xagnd d`x oday zeibeqd.xkfpd xkzypy evvelzd micbpznd' (a) ;ic`iln onlf xe`ipy 'x ly epa dyn ly ezxnd zl`y lr zecbpzdd lr,'mitcxpd ixy`' (b) ;1815 zpya a`a 'ha oilaeln dfegd ly ezen zeaiqp lr,'ltpe ly zizxagd zernynd lr,'xecd ilecba oin`n epi`y qexewit`' (c) ;dizeaiqpe alqxa zeciqgl,'ytpd zeybxzd' (d) ;dxezd lr 'miigd xe`' yexit iabl zizxewia dcnr `hiay cnln zrwed xagndy,oi'vlehn zeig mely `aiwr 'x,'l`xyia zeqgeinde zewizrd zegtynd zg`l `v`v' lr epzyp dnk' (e) ;ziciqg dtwydl zicbpznîzizxewia dtwydn ekxca dlgy dxenzd xg` awer ;iciqgd mlerd ly eal ala,otecd `vei izeaxzd enlere owvi`n oncixt megp mgpn 'x lr,'mipnfd.aewityn iwqxah megp wgvi 'x ly eihal lr,'dprpd iznyp iecie' (f) :onr ccenzdl dzywzd ziciqgd dxagdy zeixehqid zeyxta mipc mipey`xd miwxtd ipy excg oelgn ltp ipyde,dxe`kl xvpzd oey`xd.otec i`vei eidy wicvae wicv ly oaa xaecn mzqk dicbxhd z` ziciqgd dxagd dlaiw `l ezeaiyg zngne,zeyep` rvtpe dxez zgnya eli`a?llka xvpzd ok` dyn 'x m`d?dxw dn :zeizcaer zeira opyi mb mixwnd ipya.dpe`z elld miwxtd ipya?yyebzd e` ca`zd,xkzyd m`d?ltp dfegd dnl?eteq did dn?zeaiqp ezelawzd zecleza oc `ed ok enk.icnl oeebne exwira ycg xneg it lr mirexi`d xefgya sq` wqr.zincw`d s`e zilikynd,zicbpznd,ziciqgd :zepey zelidw axwa xetiqe xetiq lk ly etcxp dnl xxal dqpne,alqxa zeciqg,otec z`vei dveawa oecl xaer sq` iyilyd wxta e` milikynl dneca,'ipevig' mei`a xaecn oi` dxe`kl ixdy,mryt dne mixg` miciqg icia iqgi ztn z` oegal `l` dzyleg z`e alqxa zeciqg z` wecal `l rivn `ed.micbpznl elit` zihiletd zeknql zeivae zrnyna xac ly eteqa cwnzn exwgn.minid mze` ly zeciqga zegekd zexbqnd lr enii` alqxa iciqg,ezprhl.zenly zelidw lr ehlzydy miwicv ly ziciqgd.miiga did `l ixd `ede,ongp 'x,mdly wicvdn ueg miwicv ly mzeknqa exikd `l ik zeiciqgd.iying qib oirnl zicqnnd zeciqgd ipira mze` jtd df avn wqer `ed.iriaxd wxta dpey dxeva dler zakxend ziciqgd zkxrnd ly zeknqd zl`y ixletet yexit,dxezl 'yecwd' miigd xe` yexit itlk zizxewia dcnr rinydy cnln ly elxeba `ed cnlnd,oilaeln dfegde `ipzd lra ly epa znerl.ziciqgd daiaqa cgein cnrn el qgeiy `ed day,fpvn mhyxald miig 'xl dzptedy dl`yd on wx drecid,oihelgl zinipep` zenc.(237 'nr) 'ycewd gexa extq dyr `ly xn`e l"f miigd xe`d ceaka rbt[y] cg` cnln'k xcbed

[14] zexiwq 86 ly ocxn did `l cnlndy xxazn 1865 zpya icexan xbelw dnly 'xl cnlnd glyy azknn qtzp ziciqgd dxaga (`) :mixac ipy rexi`d on cnel sq`.xirf inewn likyn `l elit`e ynn Îzilikyn zxewial okeqn gzt zgiztk ycewd gexa zipxez dxivi ly dxewn lr edylk xedxd zininyd zeknqa dlw dribt lk jke,xzeie xzei jenp jtd zeqxewit` xicbnd sxd (a) ;zilpeivx xaecny dnec,z`f oiivn epi` sq`y s`.zepink drwede mei`k dqtzp dixaece zxeqnd ly.dxyr ryzd d`na zicedid diqwecezxe`a miihqilhpncpet miaikxn epiit`y miipeivw`x mipnnqa ziy`xae dxyr ryzd d`na icxgdîiciqgd sepa otec ze`vei zeienca oecl xtqd xaer o`kn oeir jezn iciqg bidpn ly zexizqd ieexe akxend enlerl xdev gzet wxt lk.mixyrd d`nd sixg cbpznn ezkitdae zeig `aiwr 'xa wqer iyingd wxtd.ezlidw axwa ezelawzdae eienica epzipy mixaqddy dler oeicd on.mipeebn zepexkif ixtq i`xa xwira,on`pe adlp ciqgl izxewiae iciqge iwqa'vicxan,xrqnd ly eiripne ezyib z` xwira mitwyn ef dxenzl mipeyd zexewna zwelgn ly gezipn.ezeg` ckp,onaelb ikcxn itn zxteqnd,zizgtynd dqxbl cre dplhe alqxa zeizcdîzeihiletd dlertd ikxc lr cenrl ozip,daeaeca iciqg axk,zeig axd wlg lhp day dxfen.zeitexi` gxfn zelidwa miwicv ly 'x wicvd ly epip,oncixt megp mgpn 'x ly zcgeind ezenc z` epipta syeg iyiyd wxtd zxez,dwihzq`d :wdaen iaxrn ite` ilra mi`yepa mixtq azk df 'wicv oa wicv'.oi'fexn l`xyi daiaqd ly dqgia sq` oc,zizextqd ezelirt zxiwq xg`l.dnecke zenelg ly mzernyn,xqend ccenzdl ef zipxny dxag ly xzeia dgepd jxcd,eqegii zngn.dkezay dfd xfend serl ziciqgd ly xe`iz `et` epyi o`k mb.cnlnd ly dxwna enk `ly,ekxcne epnn mlrzdl dziid enr enk,oncixt megp mgpn 'x,ok lr xzi.iciqgd cqnnd dnr ccenzd day jxcd lye dbixg zenc.miwicvd ipa ly mlxeb :xtqa zifkxn dibeql ztl`n dnbec `ed,`ipzd lra ly epa dyn 'x megp wgvi 'x icia azkpy iptyeg iyi` jnqna wqerd,xtqa oexg`d wxta xacd jk s`,ce`n zxqein ik m`,zizxewia dyiba ekxc z` lgd df yi` mb,zeig axd enk.xirvd iwqxah zeiyi` ly sixg zxewia azk `ed megp mgpn 'x ly eiecie.eizea` ikxca jlde 'xyiizd' seqae.dig `id dkezay zkxrnd z` aefrl ilan,miptan zxewiad z` drinynd,zqgeine zifkxn lczyn sq`.xtqd iwxt lk lr ztgxn oexkifl dixehqid oiay oilnebd iqgia sq` ly eweqir zexeqna xkfp zn`a dn crzle,mda oc `edy mixwnd on cg` lka 'zn`a didy dn' z` xfgyl dixehqid oia qgia wqerd oey`xd xtqd df oi`.zeqiebn llk jxca eid eixacly,zepey oexkif d`eeydy ipnec.zebixg zeienc aiaq oexkif zexeqn gezipa `l s`e,zeciqgd zecleza oexkifl merf xtqna wtzqdl ul`p yhiec mb 1.ztl`n didz,xinceln dlezad,yhiec l`pzp ly extql dyniy mrt i`y dcigid dyi`d,xinceln dlezad iig ly onidn xe`iz qqal epeiqipa zexewn ly ienic ly zelawzdd xetiqa cwnzdl yhiec sicrd onidne iwlg xefgy mewna.iciqg 'iax' xeza itl?zeipeica zexivile oeixehqidl el dn.epini ly dtid zextql cre jrlhrhyd on ± dlezad mixyt`ne dzen xg`l dlezad dqtzp mday mipeyd mipte`d z` zetyeg dl` zexivi,yhiec Nathaniel Deutsch, The Maiden of Ludmir: A Jewish Holy Woman and Her World, Berkeley 2003 1

87 zxewia ixace mixtq [15] aezkl oeiqipk ekxc z` x`zn yhiec.zicedid zeaxza dienic ly zernynd `eln lr cenrl epl mi`tx zegexe,deedd z` micwet xard on mixgzn zepexkif day dixehqid,xg` beqn dixehqid' xwg z` d`ex yhiec.(11 'nr) 'xard z` miyxtne mixkef ep` day jxcd lr mirityn deedd ly zewenrd zeiernynd ly daeyg dnlydk zixehqid dyxt ly zelawzdd xetiq z` e` oexkifd mikix`z ly cly zepal mileki miinyx zexewn :epl xikfn `ed,dwihnzn dppi` dixehqid.dly mc`d iig ly miwenrd micnnd z` mixi`n md zewegx mizrl wx la`,miillk miixehqid mieewe dixehqidy ze`xdl dqpn yhiec.dl ddf epi` la` dixehqidl xeyw oexkif mpn`.mzernyn lye cg`d ± zakxen jxca ± minilyn `l`,dfl df mipier mpi` elit`e df z` df mixzeq mpi` oexkife 2.ipyd z` mirexi`de zeveawd,miyi`d zeclez ly on`p xefgyl ezcear z` wlig sq` mb,epi`xy itk icnl wenr cebip yiy xeaq sq`y d`xp,mle`e.mdly ± zenlrzdd e` ± zelawzdd ixetiqle.(23 'nr) 'axw dcy oirn `id zeciqgd ly dixehqidd',sq`c `ail`,jk.oexkifl dixehqid oia,slql,xizqdl lret ± ziqwecezxe`d ditxbeixehqidd hxta ± oexkifd dnk cr mibcdl `a extq,'ecxyy zeiecrd on dlery itke dziidy itk zixehqidd zn`'l daihpxhl` `ivndl e` zeerl lky,miqiebnd 'oexkifd ipkeq'l ezeqgiizda mb z`hazn oexkifd itlk ezepcyg.sq` ly epeylk yhiec.bivdl mi`a mdy xard ly ztleqnd dpenzd it lr cizrde deedd aevirl dcrep mzk`ln sq` eli`e,xard ly zihqipeiqxtni` dqitz e` ztleg diitv xyt`n oexkifd zelew ieaixy xeaq xard lr zetvl epzleki z` dligz dpeeka mqegd,(ipecf aexl) invr qxhpi` xwira mda dlez,avrl crein `edy dixehqidd xwg xy`n zegt `l sl`n dfd oexkifd xwg,yhiec itl.didy itk.cala zewegx mizrl wx,lreta didy itk,xard lr ynn ly xe` jtey `ed sq` it lr eli`e dxe`kl,oexkifl dixehqid oia qgil zeaiyg miqgiind,mixwgnd ipy oia oeincd s` lr,jke i`yena ipeyd on raep lcaddy okzii.zeixebhw oze` oia qgid mvrl zecbep zeyiba xaecn icnl jian wxt aygidl jixv,dyi` didy cigid 'iax'd,dlezad ly dxetiq mle`e.mxwgn mbe zixcbn zieefn mb iciqgd cqnnd lr dnii` dzelirt.mipt itlk zegtl,zeciqgd zecleza zebidpnl znii`n dtelg dxvi `id i`nvr 'iax' dzeiday jk lr riavn yhiec ixdy,zihilet zieefn zitxbeixehqid dwelg ly digitq z` zeyiba ipeya ze`xl ozip `nye.zizlyeyd,dycgd ziciqgd zenglnn yhiec ly wgxnd m`d?mil`xyid mdizinr oial mipwixn`d mixwegd oia zihqipexkp` zklle miax oexkif ipkeq ly ipecfd ite`d on wngzdl el xyt`n eiykre o`k zeygxznd zeaxzd.hetyle zeeydl,`exwl `xewd lr?mfipxcen hqetd ly ezeigep xg` iay zpigaa,otec i`veia wqer sq` ly extq.llkd lr cnln llkd on `veidy xtqd on cenll ozip elek llkd lr cnll `l`,`vi envr lr cnll `l,cnll llkd on `vie llka didy xac lk' jeza zeixpeivw`x zertez ly zizhiye ziawr dtiyg dax dcina `ed sq` ly exwgn.'`vi oia dpigany ef `id zeixpeivw`xdy ipnec,ok`.dxyr ryzd d`nd ly iqwecezxe`d mlerd cvik mrt xg` mrt d`xn sq`.'ziqwecezxe`' dxag oiae 'oc ii zay xney' ly zizxeqn dxag.171±168 'nr,(e"qyz) 20,crÎlb :ily zxewiad xn`n e`x 2

[16] zexiwq 88 zixpeivw`x zebdpzd ± znii`nk d`ex `idy drtez lk driwen z`fd dycgd diqwecezxe`d.ziqetih ilane,ylad ly ef oial oeixehqidd zk`ln oia oeincd lr mixedxda extq z` gzet sq` :bxeavpib elxw ly wzxnd exwgn z` df xywda xikfdl `ly leki ipi`,ef zpiiprn dibeql qpkidl epeic z` xikfn s` otec i`veiae mibixga zewqrzdd.clues: Roots of an Evidential Paradigm zernynd z` gzip eay,anatomy of Criticism iqlwd extqa iixt tex'zxep zextqd xwan ly me`zt.il`ci` mler,xceqne oaen mler yiy gipn xetiqd,iixt itl exzta epewizl mlerd z` xifgn ylad.dapb e` dtihg,gvx :yayne rixtn 3.iyla xetiq ly zizeaxzd rexi` ekezl xceg ezqxek lr dgepn ytgnd `xewl cgeina ± gep zeidl mlerd xfeg oexztd `ea mr.dnelrzd z` z`lnn drxtdd.oinde zenil`d lk zexnl ribxdl zcreind zipnf dily`a xaecn.zctexnd eixeg`n xi`yne dxagd zeny` lk z` dxacnd enr `yepd,lf`frl xiry,pharmakos ly ciwtz ± zil`ci` dixehqidk dizeclez z` bivdl zpiipern zicxgd dxagdy xexa.dxedhe diiwp dxag extqa sq` oc oday dl` enk otec ze`vei zeienc.ea x`tzdle ea ze`bzdl ozipy dti xetiq.zenlrzd ici lr e` aezky ici lr z`f xeztl ozipe,df xeaiv xear zeipnf zerxtd `l` opi` dze` ly mieqn leblbl iehia dpi` bixga zewqrzdd lk m`d :xzei dwenr dl`y dpyi mle`e diixa,xf seb mrta mrt icn clep xcbene oaen,xexa mler jeza `weec dit lry mler zqitz?otec z`vei s`e,driwen `idy mibixgd ly mneiw z` zaiign s`e zyxec zixpeivw`x dxag,ok lr xzi miletk mipkeq mda ze`xl yi,mze` riwend llkl cebipa micner md cer lk,mnvr mibixgd ly etevxt.oiiprd jxevl (mixed dancing) axern cewix eicgi micwex eriwene bixgd.xac lkl zepkl ozip `l,zxnynd,zixpeivw`xd ziciqgd dxagd z`.eketide xac `et` llek mfipxcend dpxcend ly mipey`x miiehia ebvii lekiaky,dkezay mibixgl d`eeyda ziniipia ini dxag belita.qxznd icv ipyn miiw mfipxcend.zeizxewiad e` dlkydd,mfilpeivxd,oeligd ipnnqa.xg`d cvd z` ekeza `yep cv lky `l`,xg`d cvd ly dketd zetwzyd `ed cv lky wx `l dfd,zeine`ld,mfi`z`d,mfil`ixhnd enk,milecb zepeirx mlerl e`a dxyr ryzd d`na mibyid mb h` h` dtiqed zircnd dktdnd.mfil`eciaicpi`de mfihpnexd,mfipenewd,mfil`iveqd zexagd.`l eze dibele`ci` xwira dziid `id day dkex` dixehqid xg`l,mii`etxe miibelepkh eccenzd od.ahid dl` zeiegztzd exikd,dycgd zicedid diqwecezxe`d okezae,zeixpeivw`xd meiwîec xexiaa ze`xl ozip.zeihwl`ice zetiwr ozvwe zeiqenlete zexiyi ozvw,zeax mikxca oz` dfegd xvgn zelylzynd oilet zeieciqg,c"ag enk zeieciqga cg`k dnptde drwed ly df cg` cvn ixdy,cgeina mihlea mixacd alqxa iabl.alqxa oaenke d'viafi` zeciqg,oilaeln 'mixwgn' ly zeqxewit`d mr ccenzdl wicvd on yxc xg` cvne,milikyn mr ongp 'x cciizd Carlo Ginzburg, Clues: Roots of an Evidential Paradigm, Clues, Myths, and the :e`x Historical Method, Baltimore 1989, pp. 96 125; Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism: zeihpeelxd z` ipta dzlrdy oiihy dpic x"cl izcez.four Essays, Princeton 1957, p. 46.sq` cec ly extqa oeicl iixt ly exwgn ly 3

89 zxewia ixace mixtq [17] 4 znkgezn daebz md ongp 'x ly eixetiqe eizexezy xnel xyt`.'ieptd llgd' on eixacl zraepd mfipxcend ly miaikxnd mze` z` ekeza llekd dprn ± eztewz ly oeligde dlkydd inei`l xzeia.wa`p `ed mday rpkyl mzlekin milecbd zepeirxd ecai` xak eay ocir,ycg ocira epnvr z` mi`ven ep` m`e cewxl zekiynn zelidw oze`,izrc zeiprl.zeixpeivw`x zelidw epkeza zeniiw oiicr,mii`l s`e ly dketd zetwzyd `ed cwex lk oiicre,odilr znii`nd zaaeqd dxagd mr axernd cewixd z` zelidwa,dycgd zecdia ze`xl ile` ozip,epnlera milecb zepeirx xcrida.cewixl etzey,zipivx (zizc zebd s`e) zebda leflf cvl dxingn zizc zebdpzda z`haznd,zeiqwecezxe` ziyrnd zaaeqd dxagd ly,mil`ci`d lehp,cexid il`ehwlhpi`d ite`l ziaihlxew daebz oirn.zixnegde al miyl i`ck.hpxhpi`a xwira ± mye dt oiicr miiw xard ly mfipxcend.deewz yi mle`e,il`xyid icxgd mlera zn`d ixgey oia jaqa fg`p xtqd lr hpxhpi`a miiwzdy xrd oeicl ixag day jxca ihqipxcen edyn yi m`e 5.'miayeg o`k xevr' `xwpy 'wxt ciid' xz`a mexeta hqet edyn yi ixd,mlxebe mzedf lr dzrtyd mre zixehqidd zn`d mr miccenzn mexetd,oeicd.sq` cec,xtqd xagn oial dfd mexetd itzzyn oia miqgiay intertextualityîa ihqipxcen xagndy `ed mday oey`xde,eneiw z` miwicvnd miwenip xtqna gztp,miax miyceg jynpy iziqipy oiivl ie`x.'dcin cbpk dcin el lenbl yie,21 'rd 29 'nra eply mexetd z` xikfn' mihrn `l miwlg lr izxar z`f mr.miqtcen micenr ze`nl ribn etwid la`,oeicd lk z` `exwl izgnye,zhlgen diaeaxra zeaexw mizrl,zeiyi`e zeixehqid zeibeql zeqgiizd llekd,oeicd on iriaxd meia,eixwanl aiydl envrae eceaka xagnd `a eay,wdaen ipxcen hqet rexi`l iribda.2006 ipeia 15,oeicl eqgiizd day zepivxd on myxzdl `l xyt` i`,mexeta ernyedy miladde zeiehyd zexnl.mexetd ixagl zehxetnd eizeaeyza daygn hrn `l riwyd sq`.exagnle xtql mitzzynd aex.lnr `ed in xear,zrcl mikef epz`n hrny enk,rci `ed :ei`xewa yy xagnd,ok` zeig sqei.cq dxez,`,o"xden ihewil :e`x http://bh.hevre.co.il/forum/topic.asp?topic_id=1948392 4 5