o"xl qgeind dxezd xtq oiipra cer dketd c"eia i"cvde

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1 oilad onlf dnly 'text axd o"xl qgeind dxezd xtq oiipra cer dketd c"eia i"cvde dncwd xtqd zaizk onf z` zxg`n 14Îongt zwica ycgzdy qenletd dketd c"eia i"cvd oiipra o"xl qgeiy dxezd xtqa l"vf c"agn x"enc`d zepiiprzd dncwd dxezd xtq zece` siwn xn`n 1 'xtq ilr'a iznqxt dpy miyely hrnk iptl zine`ld diixtqd ipqgna ixezqn ote`a ycgn f` dlbzpy,o"xl qgeind rcepe, 2 d"vxz zpya dlbzp xtqd.dpy miyingk jyna mlrpy xg`l,milyexia gqt axr oeiliba 'ux`d' oezira ep`cileh jexa axd ly xn`nn dpey`xl eilr lr,fnxivg`lefnx`l,xacivg`lexacyi`lrecidid`leieliblcr. 3 e"vxz. 4 dfd xtqd ly eneiw sqkîzigel lr dhexgd zaezk.`:yely od my ze`aend o"xl qegiil zegkedd dnezgd,ezligzadxezdxtqablrdneyxdzaezk.a. 5 dfxtqldcenvd`vnpy.36-5'nr(e"nyz)aizxaeg,ixardxtqdxwglzrdazk,a"ryz dpwl`,'dtîlraydxezd zxeqn' ycgd ixtqa eh wxtk dzr qtcpdf xn`n.xtqd zqtcd xg`l eycgzpy mixac oldl.zetqeda mb my d`xe sqkdîzigel ixacl,dpelvxaa lecbd p"kdial i`pz lr ozip f`n dpy ze`n yy diixtqd zexve`n dkexrz ly belhwa,ab`) e"v mitl` 'd oeiqa 'd,xtql ztxevnd,l"pd ixn`na oiir] izxriye,df xn`n ditxbeilaiaa oiev `l,d"nyz milyexi,zine`ld,zine`lddiixtqa`vnpd'ux`d'oezirlywzeraymeynhnypoeivdy[14'rd7'nr.(!l"pdux`doezirlydfdoeilibdon[19'nr]dfscylzp miizpyy dricil hxte,`ed `ed ik oerhl eywiay u"ayzd z"eya xkfedy z"ql hxt itk,dpieaqe`xw'textldxiknldfxtq,dixahno`dc`igiaxd,dlbndrivdokiptl.l"pd ixn`na izpiivy `le dcp`xbn did o"xdy epaen ep`cileh zrcl ;'icepixb' o"xd ly eiepik aezk da xwev'yzrcl.hxegdzerh`idyxeaq,13'rdbkw'nr,y"aixd,onyxideli`e,dpexibn.ztiefn `idy xeaq `ede,o"xd ztewzl mini`zn mpi` dzxeve zigeld azk

2 dxicp drtez `id xyk dxez xtq ly eab lr zaezk. 6 o"xd oa oae`x 'x icia. 7 azkd cbpk `ly dazkp `idy jka lecb wgeca dwicvdl ile` xyt`e,xzeia dpelvxaadidyl"ficpexbmiqp'xaxdikizrnycer': 8 u"ayxdzecrldn`zd.b,mbbl zeweac s"ewd ilbx eide envrl dxez xtq azky l"f izeax ly max dide `edy el dnecnk df lr eze` l`y dwxeina xeaiv gily didy xteq lciep`e dweac olbxy zeax 'w' zeize` epiptly xtqa ok`e ;'edpr `le axd wzye,leqt. 9 obbl wiqrdy dn mle`.miccv dnkn mdilr zeaebz eide,xeaiva enqxtzd mixacd azkm`d`iddl`yde,epnfeeazek,xtqdlyoekpdeiedif`edmixwegdlkz` iedifdy ce`n okziy xnel izihp epnfa. 10 o"xd ztewzn `ed m`e df xtq o"xd.ixnbljxtenhrnko"xldfz"qlyqegiidyxnelneiykrqepnoi`j`,oin` xtqd zaizk onf z` zxg`n 14Îongt zwica jex`iz iabl 14Îongt zewica.dcarn zewical dglyp xtqd slwn dnibc xzei daxd zegehae zeqqean (oexg`d sl`d) da mipc ep`y dtewzd megza zaezka?mylxarm`d;'dc`pxbadxvzra...dxkf`dl`':dteqaj`,'icpexb...oae`x' zrvdk e`,'oebx`'n yazyp ile`e,'o`eebx`' :aezk mixrd zniyxa,miyeaiy dnk mzcn dxna icil e`a' milnd.dqebxql dkenqd dxiir,'oeb`l`'n yazyp onyxid dca`e],'dxedhd mzcn dxnd icil e`a' :l"ve yeaiy df ile`e,zepaen opi` 'dxedhd 'dxnd'zlnayeniydilrdyw.[bkehzeny,'...dzxne`eaie'aezkdceqilrdvilnd cinzhrnk`idzczxndlydfoaenaydln,`"pw'dlel`ag"k,zaezkdzaizkonfa zixvepd dxefpvd ly drtydd ztewzl cr m` ipira lecb wtqe,zixvepd dxefpvd zxivi mpn`]l"fgamiiwd'zecneyn'lyoaendndpeyy,'zczxnd'lydfkbyenmiiwdid.[r"ve,y"`xdoadcedi'xlv`dfoaenadayeniy`vnpdpexg`l wtwt,wgvizgpnz"eyxagn,qiieei"iaxdmpn`.c"dd"tdfefnzekld,m"anxoiir.xge`n onfa dtief zaezkdy dgked dfa d`exe,jk lya dzepekpa.(g"pyz)milyexioekn-one`dnlyoeknzxecdnagiw'nr,`p'iq`"gu"ayzdz"ey.dfxn`nlm`zdaoewizdkixv`ide,184'rdy"iire,zay] s"ixl eyexitae [`"ahixd y"r eqtcp,`,cw zay] zayl o"xd iyeciga la` eixeaiga o"xd ixacn iyewd!dbbn 'w'd lbx wigxdl jixvy azk [a"r fl `plie qetca.l"nk`e.dfz"qaycere'xnrlxck'zlnaeh,y,`,gzeize`dzaizkamb`ed xaky,miketdd miw"icvd oipra `"efgd zrc oial xtqd iedif oia izxyiw ixn`na dcaera izpc ixn`nay meyne.ezrck epnn gikedl ywa a"iyza oncixt l"`xd `"efgd zhiy cbpk dgked zniiw ezcicnny izwqde,etwidk ekxe` df z"qy d`iltnd,'iy xbvn cec axde l"vf `pdk onlw axd,miaeyg mipax ipy icbpk e`vi,mixeriya yi xtqd zecinn dgkedd sebl.o"xl xtqd qegiia zewitq elihde,'dixen'a mixn`na.oldld`xe.l"nk`e,e"vixvlbikcxnx"cly`ltpxexia oeilb ß[`,bp] b"ryz ixyz,oirnd 28

3 zeienk z` epiy zepey zeinqew zexrqy okzi oday) zencew zetewz iabl xy`n. 11 el` lr el`n llk yiwdl oi`e,(dpixwd megzy,zixard dhiqxaipe`a gwx oeknn,xplt l`xyi'text ly eazkn ixde.oxwgne el` zewica `ed erevwn a''ryz haya'g iriax mei oilad'f'y'textceakl.icaekn yeniy i''r ziyrpd jex`izd zhiy z` dxvwa x`zl ipnn zywa.epal e` o''xl qgeind dxezd xtq z` jx`zl eynzyd da,14îongta lkzircndiraalwzpyinlkik,dzeyrloekpdxacddziidil`diiptd dira lkay myk,(lynl oicîjxerl `le) mi`znd orcnl dptiy ie`x `idy icil `iadl dieyr jnqen epi`y mc`l diipt.aexwd `texl mipet zi`etx.e''gzerh.rcnl onviee oekna eyrpy dwicad ze`vez il` eglyp oexg`d uiwa dceard zehiy z` ahid xikn ip`.itec `ll oze` iz`vne odilr izxar zcear z` dzyry (eh`ea dzafil` x"c) dcarnd zldpn z`e,oekna.ily dcarnl d`xpe jenq dly hxehwecd "dxezxe`"amqxtzpyfefnaxdlyejly,ilzglyymixn`ndjezn xtq ly elib xaca miwelg mz`y oiadl ozip,qz-pz 'nr a''ryz hay eli`e,(1375 zpya xhtp) mpiipnl 14Îd d`na ig o"xd.l''pd dxezd i''r drawpy dxezd xtq ly jx`eznd libl (86%) ddeabd zexiaqd xtql xzeia mcwend libdy `id zexiaqd,epiidc; `id 14Îongt,zexiaq zniiwy e`xd zewicad.o''xd zxiht xg`l dpy 100 `ed dxezd.xzei zxge`n dtewza azkp dxezd xtqy,(7%) xzei dkenp zhiy z` (revwn iyp`l `l) dxvwa x`zl dvex ip` el` zexeya.l'''pdjex`izd `le`''hilyfefnaxdmr`lmlernizybtp`lexiknipi`.ze`pielib oeekzn ipi` oaenke zwelgna cv ipi`.`''hily oilad 'text axd mr zxaega hpz 'nra miaezkd mixacl yixgdl leki ipi` j`.da rixkdl (14Îongtl dpeekd) el` zewica lky reci xacde" aezk my.l''pd"dxez xe`" - miprcnd mipekn okîenk."dxezd iceqi z` yigkdl `l` eyrp `l a''eike el` mixacy ie`x did.zrc ixqgl milegîziaa mfty`l onf ribdy milkq dwiqitl gwx oekna xwege dxenk odkn ip`.(dhrnd oeyla) eazki `l lkn zegztzdd ziixe`iz z` egc `ly l`xyi ilecbn eid,`nlra dricil,`gxe` ab` mixacde,mt`a y` dgcw `l t"kre,lc`p b"xde xyk n"nxd,wew d"i`xd oebk,lke.mireci 11 29

4 .dxezdzeceqiz`yigkdlickwxxwegipi`i`ceeae,dpymirax`laexw zeyrl ozipe) xaqd jkl`evnl yi dxezlrcnd oia dxizqamilwzp m`.mdaureeidlozipejkaewqrmiizcmiprcnlyaxxtqn.dze`ayiile(ok.jk mzepkl `l ie`xd one??"opiwqr iphteya eh`",milkq mpi` miprcnd zenlrzda e`,zeniiw dcicn zehiy ly e`\e zeircn ze`vez ly dliqta.mkixaca exdfid minkg.dxizqd z` mixzet `l,odn.1949 zpya d`vned xy` ixhneicx jex`iz zhiy `id 14Îongt jex`iz miibele`ib mi`vnn ly mlib zkxrdl xzeia zewiecnd zehiydn zg` ef wpxt cx`lie i`wixn`d i`nikd gzit dhiyd z`.miipbxe` miibele`ikx`e `ed m` wx jex`izd lr jenql ozip.ezcear lr laep qxta dkfy,(iail).mipnein miprcn ici lre,jkl zecreind zecarna rvazn 99% deednd) "12Îongt" :ongt ly mitehefi` dyely miievn raha,(raha ongtdn 1%În zegt zvw deednd) "13Îongt",(raha ongtdn 14Îongt.( %) raha ongtdn zipeilixh deednd,"14îongt"e xeck l` dribny zinqewd dpixwd zervn`a zipirxb divw`ix i''r xvep 81%Îk ly fekixa xiee`a ievnd owpg,df jildza.oevigd llgdn ux`d 14Îongt,miaivi zeceqi md mixg`d ongtd ibeqy cera.14îongtl jted xg` ceqil jtede onfd jyna jrec `ed,xnelk,iaihw`eicx ceqi `ed zivgn onf `xwpd lcebd i''r ccnpe,reaw `ed dkircd avw.(14îowpgl).mipy 5,730Îk 14Îongt xear `edy,miig jk,lwyn ieeiyl `ian jci`n ezkirc avwe 14Îongt ly zexveeidd avw (ux`d xeck ipt lr mewn lka) dxitqenh`ay 14Îongt tehefi`d fekixy rnhen 14Îongt.ongtd ly mixg`d mitehefi`l ziqgi aivie reaw `ed jildz ick jez ongtd ly mixg`d mitehefi`d mr cgi mignva zxyxy zervn`a mixg` miig mixevil xaer `ed mignvdn.dfzpiqehetd mitehefi`d oeebn oia dbitqa lcad oi` dfzpiqehetd jildzay oeeik.oefnd ly mixg`d mitehefi`l qgia 14Îongtd ly iqgid exeriy,ongtd ly mipiw iviany,xacd yexit.dxitqenh`a exeriyl ddf xzep gnva ongtd reaw 14Îongt fekix mil zgzne dnc`d lr gnevd lkae min`x ipxw cr.(zeaxminrtdwcapydcaerz`f)myepeigsebdcerlk-aivie lralye`gnvdlyezenmroihelglhrnkxvrpongtdzbitqjildz dkircd awr zgete jled xnega 14Îongtd xeriy rbx eze`ne,miigd m`,okl.reaw x`yp ongt ly mitehefi`d xzi fekix j`,ziaihw`eicxd ztewza dxitqenh`a mixg`d ongtd itehefi`l 14Îongtd oia qgid reci mivex elib z`y mbca df qgi miccene,miigd lra e` gnvd ly miigd onfyoeeik:dnbecl.zeiglmbcdlcgf`nxaronfdnkayglozip,reawl 14Îongt oia qgid m`,mipy 5,730Îk `ed 14Îongt ly miigd zivgn 203 oeilb ß[`,bp] b"ryz ixyz,oirnd 30

5 `ed mbcd liby ixd,ig seb ly dfn 90% `ed `edy lk mbca 12Îongtl qgidm`oaenke.dpy2250îk`edmbcdlib75%`edqgidm`.dpy840îk enk.dpy 5340 eliby mbca xaecny ixd (miigd zivgn onf) 50% ly `ed.dcicnd ly d`ibyd megza md l''pd mixtqnd zircn dcicn lkl.jynda xaqeiy itk sqep leik sxb sqezip dpexg`l xtq ccnp da) dpey`xd dhiya.zehiy izy ici lr zeyrp zecicnd zenibc xear.dcicndonfa mikrecy 14Îongtd ineh` mipnp(l''pd dxezd oiicr efd dhiyd (ongt ly minxb xtqn zegtl zeliknd) mi`zn lceba,iqgiote`adyibxdpi`efddcicndzhiymle`.meidmbagxpyeniya dycg dwica zhiy.zephw zenibc xear ihqihhq ze`ce xqeg da miiwe.xzei zwiecne dyibx `id "ui`n zeqn xhnexhwtq"a yeniy dyerd 14Îongtd ineh` zenk z` xiyi ote`a zepnl ozip efd dwipkhd zervn`a zervn`a.dwicad onf jyna mikrecy mkezn el` z` wx `le,dnibca.ongt ly miccea minxbilin zeliknd zenibc mb jx`zl ozip ef dhiy.mcwda dyri ux`a ef dhiya yeniyd :ceqi zegpd izy lr zqqean 14Îongt zervn`a lib zriaw miiw did meid miiwd 14Îongtl 12Îongt oiay recide reawd qgid.xara mb.mipydjldnadpzyd`l14îongtlymiigdzivgnonf it lr mliby,(!zerha) ezxkpy miig mivr lr dpexg`l eyrpy mixwgna ipya.zwiecndpi`'`dgpdy`vnp,dpy4000lrndidmkezayzerahd,el`k miwizr mivr ezxkp - dipnxbae a''dx` mexca - mlera zenewn elib miprcnd.mdly zerahdn zg` lka 14Îongtd zenk dccnpe jxca zayegnd efn zvwna dpey dziid df tehefi` zenk zeax zerahay s` zerecid,ynyd zexrq zeawray,`ed jkl xaqdd.lirl dbvedy dribdy zinqewd dpixwd zenk zecg` zetewza,zexg` dcicn zehiyn dxvepy 14Îongt zenk jkn d`vezke,meid ly efn dpey dziid llgdn mipey mpi`y) el` mivr ipy lr miqqeand,miycg mileik.dpey dziid lydwicadze`veza)mbcdlibjex`izloekpdqiqadmd,(dfndfzizedn d`eeydicilr.(dpenzdy`xamitivxmieewipykmiritenmddxezdxtq ly efn dxvw miig zivgn onf ilra mixg` mitehefi` ly dwinrn mby (fety`l miyxcpd milkq mpi`y el`) mixwegd migipn,14îongt.(`yepajix`dlmewndo`k`l)dtwz'adgpd mlerae ux`a zeax minrt dzqep 14Îongt zervn`a jex`izd zhiy oldl.(??opiwqr iphteya eh`) xg` xewnn reci did mliby minbc lr agxd (` (a.ux`a eyrpy ze`nbec xtqn 31

6 ,dccnp geliyd zawip ly gihd jeza daegz d`vnpy ur zqit.1.miaezkdjezndxdpndzaivgcrenlreplrecilm`zdlibe mixwegd.ewcap(mireci mzen zpye meiy) dcvn ingel ly zenvrd.2 (d`ibyd megza) dpekp dzlrd dwicad.zenvrd xewn z` erci `l.mingeldlymzenonfz` dvw`îl` cbqn ztixy xg`l :oitiwra da axern iziidy dwica.3 dxwzdlyurdzexewnminbce,elyurdzxwzdxqed1969zpya oiipa onf) dpy1300îkipaeidurdzexewaexy`vnp.mlibleccnp onf.dpy2900îklylibaekx`ez(fx`ivrkedefy)mwlgj`(cbqnd eyrpy d`xpke,jlnd dnly ici lr oey`x zia oiipal mi`zn df.zinlqend dtewza ipyn yeniy el` zexewa iziid`llirlizazkyitk.l''pddxezdxtqlrdzyrpydcicnlxy`a dgwlp df dxez xtqn.cala ze`vezd gezip `ed dyr`y lke,dl szey,dnibcay (zepnein yxecd xac) ongtd lk cxted dpnne,dlwypy dnibc ici lr (xzei e` mei jyna) dccnp mbcay 14Îongtd zewxtzd.lwype `id z`f zewxtzdy oeeik.dhltpy ziaihw`eicxd dpixwd zxitq zkxrn xg`l.'oenrt sxb' zxev ze`xn elawzdy ze`vezd zihqihhq.dpenzd ly il`nyd ikp`d xiva ritend oenrtd sxb lawzd miaeyig zenewr izy z` zkzeg z`f oenrt znewrn miiwte` mixyi mieew zkiyn zenewna zenewrd z` cg` xyi jzeg mizirl.mipey zenewna l''pd leikd mighyk zi`xp oezgzd iwte`d xivd lr el` mikezig zklyd.mipey libd z` aygl ozip el` mighy jezn.iwte`d xivd lr midk mixegy.xtqd ly xreynd miigd lray `ed xzeia xiaqd iekiqd j`,hlgen lib reawl ozip `l 1470 zpya mcwend lkl miig way xtqd zaizkl slwk yniy exery mecwonfaleikdzenewrz`jzegdewoi`z`fdoenrtdznewra.mpiipnl jix`zd z` reawle,z`fd d`veza aygzdl oaenk ozip.df jix`zl mlrzdloi`yxexaj`,azkidll''pddxezdxtqieyreayxzeiamcwend.dyigkdl e`/e dpnn dkxaa xplt l`xyi'text zixard dhiqxaipe`d,dwiqitl gwx oekn ycgzdy qenletd lr zipeivqpq dazk dnqxet h"qyz oqip ly'dgtyna' oezirl'qenlew' sqena aezketeqaen"azkqnlmiyecigi"klymelivdiixtqa`vnyjxa`ly'zilbz' 203 oeilb ß[`,bp] b"ryz ixyz,oirnd 32

7 lryzaezkdazkldnecdfi"klyazkdoi`yoeeikneixacle,o"xdoai"razkpy dpi`o"xlqgeinddxezdxtqablrzaezkdygkeno"xlqgeinddxezdxtqiab xe`'a xn`n `"hily aeyg g"z azk ef zwiecn izla dazk jnq lr.zizin` zepad i`e zeierh eaaxzyp eae,`"ryz uiwa 'qenlew'a mb eze` mqxte 'dxez `idyk a"ryz zekeq axr oeiliba eixacl izaebz z` enqxt'qenlew' ikxer.zeax ax eze`l zetqep zeierh enxbp mpibay,miaeyg mixac zhnydae zxvewne dkexr daiyn dpi`y ely ztqep daebz d`aed a"ryz hay"dxez xe`" zxaega.cakp ce`n il dyw.zepeyd zeircnd zewicaa dhea ote`a zlflfne,mixacd lr llk zexewndy drya,oezira zeazk t"r wdaen izkld-ipxez oiipra g"z oc ji` oiadl oeiliba mqxtzdl dxen` dziid eixac lkl izaebz,ote` lka!?epiptl miievn oezird ly zipgexd dcreed j`,zkxrnd zpnfd itl a"ryz gqt axra 'qenlew'...meqxtdz`dlqt jix`zd `edy,(1680) n"z zpyay xyt` cvik x`yd oia dywid g"z eze` cbp xteq aezki,df z"q slw xvep onvie oekna dcarnd zwica itly oexg`d `eldy,dprh dpi` ef j`.obba zrbep olbxy oitew aezki xnelk,r"eya wqtpd yidxezixtqdaxde,(1680)n"zoiae(1470)l"xoia`iddwicadlyonfdzxbqn epl oipne,mihxt dnka r"eya dwqtpy dkldd itk miaezk opi`y zetewz oze`n `"efgdlyezkinqlklynldpd?mipydoze`ar"eydzrtydgekdiddnkcr df azky dcaerdn zraep'sqei zia'a `aend azka `weec aezkl yiy ezwiqta azka `l` jk miazek oi` l`xyi ipa itl` zeaaxe,sqei ziaa wqtpe x`ean!i"aaoxniwqtcbp`eddxe`kle,i"aa`aed`lyicxtq dketd c"eia i"cvd oipra dnka enk,ef ze` zaizkl zexev izy mipexg`d zexeca l`xyia egeex recik dx`izyitke,ex`wsqeiiaxoxnmylrdiexwzg`dxev.zexg`zeize`dnke x"denyoexg`mkglqixcpew'a`vnydnitîlr(el'iqg"e`)sqeiziaexeaiga,ofiedlinontilh"ei'xl`zia`tl`xtqjezn`eddyrnle)'xn`yjexawgvi zeize`d ly dakxdk dzxeve,(l"nk`e;xn`y jexa `xwpd mixtqd uaewa lelkd lecb wlg oia mb mipexg`d zexecae micxtqd zecr oia dbedp zxg` dxev.'pe 'i,dketd jxca zazkp `ide,l"fix`d my lr diexw `ide,miciqgdîmifpky`dn o"epd ly dabl dteqa zxagzne,dbbl l`nyn z`vei c"eid ly zipnid dlbxyk oefgd lra oe`bd dxedy d`xed zeawra.(yilree azk mb dpekn zicxtqd daizkd),l"fix`d itîlr daizkd zxeva m"iwicvd eazkp eay z"qa ynzydl `ly l"f yi` ipica oeic ;df oicay zihxtde zillkd zizkldd dl`ya agx oeic epnfa xxerzp gqepxewnaxeywyoeice;`aekirloddnkcrellkazeize`dzxevlrdctwdd bdpnd ly dklda enewne exewn,eaiha xnelk - icxtq dpeknd dfd daizkd 33

8 df gqepa eazkpy mixtq m` dl`yd jkn d`vezke - zeize`d zxeva icxtqd epeylae,ixehqid xexia zaiign `idy efk dl`y ly drahn.fpky` ipal mixyk jxce icxtqd bdpnd ly eizexewna 'zeipencw xwge miyetig' yi` oefgd ly zexewn xcrid lr ddinzde d`iltd zcner dfd oeicd ly efkxna.ezelylzyd ly mz`ilt z` xxer oiiprd ;dfd icxtqd bdpnd ly eneiwl micrezne miaezk zevxgpe zekzeg zepwqn epnn `ivedl yi` oefgl mxby `ede,micg` minkg i`,ipycvn.ixehqiddmegzdonezrwtdexwirlkdfkbdpnlyeneiwzlilya zecr ly miagx miwlg ea mibdepy df bdpn ly ezehytzdn mlrzdl xyt` mipexg`dzexecadfdbdpndlyeneiwz`dligzyi`oefgdx`iaoklre,l`xyi dax oixtld y"xdy xg`l mpn`.iav izay zk exicgdy yeaiyk (ezrc itl) dpyd`nk(h"iy-g"iy)oey`xqetcnxdefdz`eld`xdxi`noexkflyoey`xd x`ia jynda.ef ezxaqn ea xfg,i"cv ze`d dpan z` jk x`zny v"yd iptl xzei lw mdl didy mixteq lya dxcg i"cvd ly ef dxevy,izegztzd xe`iaa df daizk bdpn hytzp l"fix`d ly dlawd zxez zrtydaye,dketd c"eia aezkl aildix`'xmyag"zwlgeae,oiipraxxerzdlecbqenlet.m"zqai"cvze`dly 'wicvdzwcv'myadfoiiprlcgeinxtqasq`ei`vnnlkz`;`"efgdlroncixt x`ydoia.oecipayi`oefgdlyzeaeyzdemipeicdz`qpikea,(c"iyzwxaipa) ewceal rqpyk,o"xl qgeind df dxez xtqa d`xy dn jezn xagnd my `iad yi` oefgd zaebz z` oncixt l"`x my xqn `l epxrvl.dixaha a"iyz uiwa zeraepd zepwqnde,zeketd miw"icvd df qgeine wizr z"qa mby zilbzd gkepl 12 izrny mpn` ;gekieed lr jkn ezrca uxgp yi` oefgd did `l onf xg`l ik r"xdzaeyzambzynynepiptlydfdxezxtqnzecrd.el`kdxezixtqleqtl,dpnn srzqnde efd zizkldd dl`ya dkex`a ocy (k 'iq a"g r"iai) sqei.epxec ipa mitqep zexewnae miw"icvl ezecbpzdl `"xbd mya zxeqn lr x`yd oia jnzqd `"efgd azky(g"ixz `plie)['dnz daizk']'miigl aezk' xtqa dxewn zxeqnd.zeketdd,dketd c"eia i"cvd zaizka l"fix`d t"r mibdepd cbpk dngln yciwy g"z xteq myayl,mdn ze`adae mixtqa miiepiy zkixrn rpnp `l `ziixe`c `gzixae.miaehe milecb zerhdl ecia dlry cr,ezrcl mzehdle mixac seygl dkfy,a"dx`a m"zq zxnyn x"ei,cltpixb(ail) dcedi cec axd oldlckjklrilazk,`yepaizklddoeicdlreritydyedfoiipraeyrpymiyw :(zenewn dnka eixac enqxtzp f`n) eli`y xexae,wqpinn xteqd ly eiteifa zerfrfn zeilbz il eycgzp ezngln ycwndid `l i`ce`"efgd lyepgleylr zelereidel` zerici.jk `"efgdn envra rnyy,l"vf onlid v"cxd icicin oeilb ß[`,bp] b"ryz ixyz,oirnd 34

9 lral `"efgd ly eiazkn zyyn cg`a ixdc,dketdd c"eia i"cvd cbp `lw"d xewn edfe,"[miigl aezk] xtq il e`xde" yxetn azk wicvd zwcv "`xgzq`l" xdefa dibde l"fix`d i"try i"cvl cbpzd `"xbdy"wiqt `lc ('dnz daizk' mb `xwpd) miigl aezk xtq xagny recike."ixeg`l" mewna xaigl"pdj`.wqpinw"wcxteq,xrvieerl`nymiigmdxa`'x`edl"pd oi`e,epici zgz `vnpd (i"zka oiicr,xn`y jexad lr zedbd) sqep xtq,llkellkeilrjneqdid`lyi`ceeiteifz`d`exdid`"efgdeli`ywtq l"fix`d zrxkd i"try dketd c"eia i"cvd cbp dkxrna z`vl hxtae. 13 oilitza oeyl z` eci azka i`wqpind xteqd wizrn,l"pd(i"zk) extq zncwda zpya qtcpd,zeicxtqd zeize`d zxev lr "mdxa` dpwn" wecwcd xtq oeyl lenl i`wqpind zwzrd ly eci azk z` deeynd lke.w"tl b"tx mnezyi,divpiee ipaxn ynlac mdxa` iax oencwd mkgd g"ndra zlzyda jci`ne,cgn xagnd ixac zhnyda,micixgnd miteifd znvern i`wqpind xteqd miiq ezwzrd idlyae.g"ndra ixac ztlgda envr ixac b"tx zpya (cala zg` mrt) qtcpd "mxa` dpwn xtq oeyl o`k cr"a. 14 w"tl dnz daizk-miiglaezkextq zncwdseqa exikfdl"pd(i"zk) extq `le milyexi w"dirl dlr ipial ipiae.eqitcdl deewny (g"ixz `plie) lk rpnp did,qtcen did eli`y,oiwifpc `nxb oice] eqitcdl witqd exikfdy) a"ndy xryl yie.[l"fix`d i"try i"cvd cbp zililyd dlenrzd ipyd extq eli` ('t ze`ae '` ze`a,e"l i"qeq mixteq zpyna minrt 'a xtqa]azkydnlawndid`l`nzqn,eiteifaoiganeecilribndidl"pd i"cv ze`d zxev xikfdln rpnp did `le,l"f `"xbd mya [dnz daizk miny zk`ln lra oe`bd erpnp `ly itk,l"fix`d i"try zeize`d x`ye jexrd znkqda (j"xz xrt`pp`d) bxeavxiee c"a` (xbxana aec i"xden) oglyd jexrde,`hil ilecb zenkqda (b"lxz `yxee) xty ixn`de,xpl.(h"pxz `plie) mixteq ipir xi`nde,(c"nxz `yxee) k"yn wicvd zwcv lra l"f oncixt ail dix` iax b"dxd xikfd xake ycgd ixtqay ixn`nl zetqeda d`xe,mitqep miwtwetn mixac yi miigl aezka mb oiiceuilxhqie`c"a`,`belbnl`ei'xz`dyre,`xab`xaylr,585'nr,2'rdal"pd 'x ly extq z` d`x azky itk!l"wz zpya xhtp `ed j`,l"fix`d cinlzk,oilxaa `vnp xtqd.l`ei 'x ly extqn miiwy cigid wzerd `edy ayge,l"cxd icia l`ei.xzeia xicp ok` `ede,milyexia zine`ld dixtqa 'vdzxevlreiqkdfxtqlizpiiv,(ehwxt ycgdixtqa=)xtq ilraoey`xdixn`na.l"fix`d ztewzl zncew dtewzn `ede,zicxtqd

10 oe`bd ly eiazk jixkz oia d`xy,(b"qxz milyexi) "sqei ci" z"eya lcprn mgpn iax oe`bd w"ikn wzrd eti c"a` uxd ilztp iax laewnd c"eide,o"ep c"ei `ed i"cvd zpenz" :l"fe,l"f `"xbd cinlz ee`lwyn y"nk o"epdn eipt xifgn c"eid e`,o"ep iabl dipt e`,o"epd ixeg`n ok yxetne."miig miwl` ixac el`e el` ik,ol ztki` `l df,l"fix`d lcprn mgpn iax oe`bdn (b"i sca `hef `xc`d lr) "mixic` min" xtqa ceqa d`a jxazi epevx `edy dcewpd f"dera j`" :l"fe,l"f ee`lwyn "zixad zegel" xtqae."recik xeg`a xeg` o"epe c"eid ceq `edy,w"icvd i"cvd zpenz oezi`d xrya `ian eti c"a` l"f uxd ilztp iax oe`bdn.dketd c"eia dnz daizk lra wqpinn xrvieerl`ny miig mdxa`'x xteqd oeyl df... mdxa` dpwn xtqd df izbyde":epzeyxa `vnpd i"zk extqa(miigl aezk) epipiprl jiiyy dn izwzrd xeviwae,erci ornl eixacn wizr`e icxtqd xira iyiyd sl`a b"tx zpya ezeig miiga qtcpe,ixey`d zaizkl oeyl o`k cr":i`wqpind xteqd miiq ezwzrd xnbae."`ivrpieea dllednd."mdxa` dpwn xtq dipte cei oink dpeilrd dcewpd":s"l` ze`a icxtqd mdxa` dpwnd l"fe lbxe" cei oink dpeilrd dcewpd":wqpinn xteqd zwzrd ixde."bbd rvn`a zwelgn`ki`dfoiipraixdik,xteqzerhdfoi`."bbdrvn`a c"eid ly dxrd ` ze`a) mixteq zpynd lr m"zq zxnyn epxtqa x`eank,mipey`x jixv c"eid iptc ciqgd i"xd zlawa xn`y jexade oilitz oewizd zrcc,(6 epiady i"aa `aend `zia `tl`d zrc znerl,bbd rvn`l oeekn zeidl lra eci gly o`kae.bbd rvn`l xaegn didi c"eid lbxy ciqgd zlawa cbp,d`ivpieea i`yiyw ipaxn oencw mkg ixaca dibdl "dnz daizk"d!dyrnl dkld ediilr jinq `wc mipey`xd zrca ezrxkd dhnle,ardy`xzeyrlyi":l"nibze`aicxtqdmdxa`dpwndl"fe.raexne ar dy`x zeyrl yi" :wqpinn xteqd zwzrd ixde."c`n wc,miizedn miiepiy ipy o`k epl ixd."lbxd `vei dy`x rvn`n dhnle xidvd dilry zicxtqd daizkd cbp ezngln z` `icdl zxy`n mzxhny yi"cicxtqdmdxa`dpwndixacalzyoklre,l"x"ycew`leleg"`idy itlklebirarteyndy`xcxtqbdpnitlrik,"raexneardy`xzeyrl calne" :l"fe '` wxt oilitz oewz zkqn miciqg zpyna `aenk) dlrn lebira e`,mifpky`d bdpnk reaixa mdizeize` xiivi'ek mirecid mipicd mibdpndlklyiyxeyik,elxyt`m`ebdpnndpyi`le,micxtqdbdpnk dpwn lra oe`bd ixaca dibdl eci gly aey ef jxc lre.("dlrnl dl`d `vei dy`x rvn`n dhnle":sqep ifpky` oic eixaca lzye icxtqd mdxa` 203 oeilb ß[`,bp] b"ryz ixyz,oirnd 36

11 cec obna x`eank,dy`x dvwn `vei lbxd zicxtqd daizka ik,"lbxd 15...'i'fn`le,'i'enzakxen'bze`yf"acxdl iknqw l`xyin miaxe li`ed l"pd miteifd z` seygl uegple oekpl epi`x miiepiya,zefefne oilitz z"q zeize` zxev ipipra - oircei `la - eilr xeriyk ebbn oezgzd lbx wigxdl'` ze`a:'s'l'` zeize`a envrn ycigy ziihda 'l ze`ae.dhnl dlrnln `le oinil l`nyn ivge qenlew iaer 'tze`ae.sewfl"vcazkyciqgdi"xdcbp,l`nyloeqkl`ac"nldx`ev lk daebdpy dwizrddxeqnd onycewdazka zepyldycgd ez`vnda z` a"pynd wizrd icka `le] zexec ixecn dlebay mifpky`d epizeax g"gd ly mnvr oilitza oke,miraexn miixbeqa xbqend xn`nk eixac oxd` d"en bltend xteqd cird xy`k,dycgd ez`vndk dpi` 't ze`d g"gdepiwflyoilitzdz`wecalelxqniqpennqw`faxdyl"fw`llet ceia i"cv ze`d cbp (lekiak l"f `"xbd mya) exerxr lr l"v`e,[l"wevf md md(oilheane oilhad) eixacle,xeayd i"avd icinlzn exewny dketd miyinge ze`n yely iptln xaky onfa ea,w"defd zncwda ok eqitcdy 16 xi`i zeeg lra oe`bd azk jxrl dpy ze`" :(e"l miig xewn extqa) l"fe oini cvn oep ze`l eweaic didz m`,dcic oini y`xa oiirl jixv...wicv dpwn xtqa epiptl aezk oke.dfk l`ny cva e`,dfk ynn c"ei ze`k...l"kr."mixteqd aex ebdp oke,mdxa` cbpezngln`id(zgyxealcxeidel"ve:zerhdgilq)dpleklrdlerd ipy oia lcad mey oi` ezrcly,zxye`nd zicxtqd daizkd zxeqn llgd epiidc,zeize`d illg agex xeriya wx `l` zeize`d zxeva miazkd dlrnlewdlyiyz"iaze`oebk,zeize`dlyayendoiaebbdoiaywixd agexk jxra `ed llgd agex zifpky`d daizkay,rvn`a llge dhnl ewe xzei llgd zicxtqd daizka eli`e,zeize`d iayene ibb ly qenlewd iaer.icin`lezelcaddlkedfeixacle,ayenlbbdoialecb exewn,zeize`d illg agexa elld zeiexyt`d izy ly oeirxd mvr ofiedlin ontil h"ei epiaxl "`zia `tl`"a dnvr zifpky`d daizka ly ecinlz oke xn`y jexa y"x ly ecinlz didy ("oegvp"d q"gnra) ly zxg` `zia `tl` dpyi ipyd a"`d oiae oey`xd a"`d oia.ikcxnd,xn`y jexa - "m"zq ixtq uaew"a qtcen `ede) oiqenlewd iaer zecin extqa cifna l"pd xteqd dyry miax miiepiye miteif cer azekd dpne jiynd o`ke.l"pd mxa` dpwn xtqn mihehiva izxrd,mixteqd aex bdpn lr ezecrle,g"ncpd miig xewn extqa jxka i"xdn ixacl.y"iir,ycgd ixtqae oey`xd ixn`na

12 zicxtqd daizkl xkf mey oi` my j`,(dx cenr,adf iyn zxecdn.y"ilree z`xwpd l"ixdndy "`zia `tl`"d ixaca ynzyde i`wqpind xteqd `a dpde epeyl edf) o"iwpiixtd ly mcewcw lr zekdl icke,`ed `knqc eilr azk :zicxtqde zifpky`d zexeqnd izy oiay lcadd ceqi lk edfy azk(i"zka,raexne dnz daizk z`xwpe raexne dxvw daizka efg` mifpky`dy" la`,cal dnz daizk zi`xpy dkex` daizka mipencwn efg` micxtqde lqtp exeivn dpiy m`e,llk iepiy mey ila dfk df miey zeize` ixeivd.l"kr."ze`d epiaxepricedxakixdc,xenbseife`zeca`l`z`foi`yaigxdll"v`e c"ei) xeha `aend ezaeyza l"fe,cxtql fpky`n egxea xg`l l"f y"`xd azk dpeyn daxd,zepicnd lka zeey opi` zeize`d zxev" :(c"rx oniq."iepiyd dfa leqt oi`e,z`fd ux`d azkn epvx` eizea` ixebn ux`a ezeida ik,xwgnl ie`xd `yep o`k yi zn`ae "dnz daizk- miigl aezk" extqa qgiizd oiicr wqpina e` uieerl`nya xg` ze` lkae,zicxtqd daizkd zxeqnl xiaq ote`a (g"ixz `pliee) z`xwpd zicxtqd daizkay xikfd zifpky`d daizkd zxev x`zl exneb dketddc"eidz`swez`edmyyi"cvze`dnueg.jkejkdzxevqrlree i"r eqtcedy) miycgd miqetcdn w"defdn dxewny fnxne,zeilhexaa,oyid qetcn `le,"ixeg`l xcdn ceic ietp`"c qtcen mday(...mi`zayd,(dlrn itlk dhep c"eid aeaiqy)"`xgzq`l xcdn ceic ietp`c" `qxibdy xn`y i"p rprvxihy`p`nn dyn xfrl` 'x 'bd axd z`n rnyy cirne.l"f `"xbd dibd jke,mipyid w"defd iqetck `qxibd xwirc,e"z milyexi w"dira rwzyde dvx` wqpinn xteqd dlr xy`k j` azky micxtqd mixteqdn dfi` cixhd ile`e) enr dzid zxg` gexc d`xp micxtqdciycerdne,dxrydnglneaiyd`nzqne,ycew`lelegmci xteqd ly i"zk extq.(`idd zra dpeilrd lr dzid milyexi w"dira zeipeniinzedbd-zia`tl`-xn`yjexa-oilitzoewiz":llekwqpinn l"pd epizeax ixtq lk lr eizedbdae) "yeal - dyn ikxc - i"ad xe`ia - ixacn iriayd cenra skize,(ynn ely jezak mda dyre wgne siqed daizkd oia lcad mey oi`y,lirl epxkfdy eceqi cinrd "dgizt"d jnq lre.zeize`d jezay millgd agexa `l` zicxtql zifpky`d `le leg" `id dbedpd zicxtqd daizkdy igkepd extqa fixkd ef ez`vnd...l"x"ycew wecwcdxtqz`elxgak"r.ezecrwigxixwyldvexdl"fxexn`xake yniyy cxtq ipax ilecbn cg`n(ynlac)"mdxa` dpwn" enye oyep oyid wizrde,w"tl b"tx zpya cala zg` mrt wx qtcpe,divpiee zepaxa 203 oeilb ß[`,bp] b"ryz ixyz,oirnd 38

13 .zeicxtqd zeize`d zxev ipice xe`iz z` l"pd wizrd xtqdn (lekiak) exaeqa,cixgn ote`a epeyln dpiye qxiq el `gip did `ly hxt lke oxnl mcew cer eqtcpy l"pd mdxa` dpwn ixtq enz etq xak ixdy...i"ad "igyi`oa"lraw"dbddfajix`dxake,jklk`iyewdfoi`zn`aj` mdldidiymilecbdnkl`vnpzn`aik,"milrtax"z"eyextqzgizta df lre,w"dez ly weqtd gqepa elit` milykp minrtle,dlecb d`iby milecbd wiga oerxb df oi`e" :azk eixac idlyae.oiai in ze`iby xn`p dn,okmixn`pel`mixacmincewdmleripe`blrm`e.l"kr."dfdonfa xtq il e`xd"y yxetn azky l"wevf `"efgd lra lra oe`bd lr `ltd oke,xdefa dibd `"xbdc my aezke(l"pd wqpinn xteqdn) "miigl aezk" dligz `"efgd dxed df mrhn ixde."df lr wlg `"xbdc wiqt `lc `lw reci jyndde,recik i"cv ze`a oiketdd oic"eid z` dxez ixtqa wegnl,`"hily ield hay lra xecd wqet oxn itn izrny xy`k mqxetne."wicvd z` ewicvde" ixn`na izkx`dcke,"dnzdaizk-miiglaezk"xtqdz``"efgdle`xdyel`yheytixde zepeyl z` siif eay l"pd i"zk extq z` `"efgdl mi`xn eid mb eli` `"efgd did i`ceac `hiyt,eizenbn i"tr miwqetde mipey`xd epizeax jnqen "dreny wizrn"k elv` aygp did `le xedhd epgleyn ewlqn.ediinyn wiqt `lc `lw `ivndle l"f `"xbd mya mixac aezkl.a"dx`a'm"zq zxnyn' x"eie cqiin,cltpixb axd ixac k"r xakyitke,'xn`yjexa'ixacl`"efgdlralydenzdeyexitmbysiqedlyi xeivdn rtyed d`xpk,(cere ezxecdnl zexrda adf iyn n"nx) miax exird xteqa exewne,'xn`y jexa' ly mixge`nd miqetca lzyedy i"cvd ly siiefnd.wqpinn o"xl qgeiy dxezd xtqa l"vf c"agn x"enc`d zepiiprzd. 17 o"xl qgeind dxezd xtqa ztqep zepiiprzd lr xirdl yi mixacd ileya l` zxb` dqtcp,`"iyz,c jxk,'uiee`aeiln n"nxd x"enc`d ly ycew zexb`a riced ea azknl dprn, 18`"iyz fenza `"i mein,milyexin oncixt l"` axd opekznye,[icpexib o"xd l"ve!] oe`b p"xdnl qgeind z"qd z` d`xy t"l`x.oldlczxbi`dlroeqxe`ipylcpnmgpnl`eny'xnrnyyilxqnyiela`"nxldcez rqpa"iyzzpyuiwa`"pnycegayazekl'nroncixtl"`xz`nwicvdzwcvxtqa miwzrdd]myo`dc'igimkgdlv`eze`d`xe,o"xlqgeindxtqdz`ze`xldixahl ux`d oezira mqxt d"vxz zpyay,`"zn ep`cileh jexa axd i"r eyrp my minelivde

14 z"qam`wecalepnnywanx"enc`d.adea`i"xdnlqgeindz"qdz`ze`xl.dfdscdn'ehet'elzeyrle,`kce`dkcaezkdf xazqn.yweank ezwica ze`vez z` xqn m`de,wca t"l`xd m` xexa `l mgpnl`enyiaxl`x"enc`dazk,f"iyzzpya,jkîxg`mipydnkixdy,`ly dnl daebza,[milyexia c"ag llek ldpn xaryl] milyexia oeqxe`ipy lcprn 19 'eke qgeind z"qay el xqny xtqadibd`edco`nye,s"l`a'`kc'aezkdid.`"da'dkc'l dlind jtde df : 20 zxb`d oeyl oldl f"iyz oeiq c"ei,d"a 'iylcprnmgpnl`enyd"env"vawqerp"ep`"i`g"dxd!dkxae mely jixvy heyt,`"dl s"l`n epiyy xkip 'eke qgeind z"qa xy` y"na... eigely mipy dfi` iptlny reci e"z w"d`a ixdy,df epiy izne in xexia mbe.df dyrn jygna eyr zenewn dnkay d`xpke,l"pdk eyr ipelt ly dpena"l'iqmdxa`zpynxtqaoiirie,zepexg`dmipyawxxacdrcepil oke,s"l`a aezkl ewiicy Ð c"agn `wec e`le Ð oeilr iyecw ly z"qd...'` wlg seq miwqetd xve`a qtcpy iazkna.h"eyal dkxaa ea aezk ik xexae,[oldl df rhw melvz d`xe] epiptl xtqd,jk oiae jk oia il xqn mb oke.`edy lk oewiz e` ddbd ly mipniq mey ea mixkip oi`e,'dkc' y"nnyxl el exqnp zecaerdye,oekp epi` ef zxb`a aezkdy,oeqxe`ipy n"nyxd ea oi`ye 'dkc' dfd xtqa aezky,l"pk zrk reci el s`e,oncixt l"`xd itn dpadîi` dltp k"``,ef dreny dclep cvik oiadl ce`n dyw.ddbd ipniq oefgd lra] 'ipelt' lr zxb`a mihxtd x`y.t"l`xd mr y"nnyxd zgiya mipy dnk iptlny reciy[l"pk oiel a"yxdoke l"pd y"nnyx ilexqn oke,yi` drici mey oi`e,mipaen mpi`,mitqep mixwna mb z`f eyrye,'epiy' eigely.jklr azkna?dfdz"qdz`d`xydiipymrtefdziidile`e.[l"pkdfz"qlrhxetnxn`n a"iyz zpyn,(a"kyz) `"g,r"d`,miwqetd xve` seqa qtcpy,df oiipra x"enc` d`x,dfoiiprazetqepzexb`axkfp`loke.o"xlqgeinddfz"qxkfp`l(ejxkw"b`ae).f"iyzeilqka`"iniwgvif"yxlcijxkmy oiel a"yxd lye oeqxe`ipy n"nyxd zecr itk,o"xl qgeind z"qa xaecny wtq oi`.qhiid oe`xwa c"ag ziixtq ldpn dpeekd]229'nr`"igy"ewlaqtcpdwlg,htw'nr,`"wz'dazkn,f"iyz,ehjxk,w"b`..zexikfnd wzrd t"r dnlyede 454'nr c"aga dwlg[.'iy...xn ly:cr oey`xd wlgl oeilb ß[`,bp] b"ryz ixyz,oirnd 40

15 dkcrevt`ai`l:[6dxey]aezkdritendaydrixidmeliv xtq el e`xdy `ian day,[`t 'nr wicvd zwcv] oncixt l"`xl yi` oefgd zxb` meliv jeza zeriten qetca.miigl aezk :zexeyd oia siqed k"g`e,[eny izgky] :miixbeqae ef zxb`ay mitixg miiehia dnk.eny izgky :mewna,miigl aezk milnd miixbeqd.dnkgd xve` xz`l zecez.qetca ehnyed 41