oglyheg iwqp`ipxeh degl iy ,mih dwix`,mwexîofg zilb,lhxa l`xyi qixtiy iwie,hxal`îhxettx dcr,biieevpfex dice`lw milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`d mikxer

Transkrypt

1 oglyheg iwqp`ipxeh degl iy mikxer,mih dwix`,mwexîofg zilb,lhxa l`xyi qixtiy iwie,hxal`îhxettx dcr,biieevpfex dice`lw zeclez xwgl fkxnd mzeaxze oilet icedi milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`d xfy onlf fkxn icedid mrd zeclez xwgl milyexi

2 mipiiprd okez oglyheg-iwqp`ipxehdegl eizexewnlreeipiiprlr,edpanlrmixaczvw:xyidaw xqenxtq:`pfetnmewil`oawgvi'xl'aehalxtq' ifpky` (zixara) miipaxd mihqwhd mler oia:miiltk oeyla hxetwpxt oerny iax lv`(yiciia) mi`xewd mlerl mcxhyn`n zeaxzd zecleza melr wxt:eixtq z` qitcn ccep oyxc dxyr rayd d`na dtexi`a zixard jxer,xrvrfxega:xwexcmiig`xwpdawrioamiig mcxhqn`a qitcne,aep`inwgvi'xaawri'xlyeixeaigipyeptedinl?'xyei uiln'de'dpi`xe dpi`v'd mipelqn ikcxn oa oeyny'xe m'zpa inx'b:mixtq zad` mipey`xd dialya ziciqgd'xvg'd iqenlet oexkif zexeqn:'zegkeezd dfi` ici lr eybtp' dht`niaxdel"aixlymzyibtlr zixard zextqa eileblbe dpiix dlic sqei'x ly exetiq dycgd eizexivia l`xyi zelitz ly zeil`ehqwhîxhpi` zeipaz mixtq xken ilcpn ly hprxax`.wicley jrlkia rpöc ul` orprf q`c' [!etxyiiy.jly mixtqd miny` df lka]'!oxree iif ol`f lydzenclmieew:'r`woyliaqp`n`hinrprcii`' xbpif rayîza zipaxd zenecw zerce mitihe`xhq:miyp zkxrnd mieal` awri oiaex dbp aalîxa l`ixa` xpiix opgl` xbxa dnly xite`îozec zadly lhxa l`xyi qwh` l`epnr sq` cec oexe` lkin qqxe l`eny ogxe` zixep odk ozp onqex dyn

3 zexeca dtexi`îgxfna zizxeqnd zicedid dgtynd m`d?zilkx`ixht dziid mipexg`d dpnl`k ln`d lwilb,cleed zxivi lr oeicl dgizt:oitevxtîece qepibexcp` `xwieitlrl"fglympeincadcildlreoeixiddlr cidax ifpky`d agxna'iziey' gel ly miiciid odicd zeawra:' ehîmei j`p obx`n sie`' heit zepeyl izxeqn ixil mrîxiy ly wiyhrrixrd lr icxgd oereaya zeixar milin ly oaizk:'zixar'e zixar 'hkil ryici` q`c' iwqp`ipxeh deg iazk uaewa mitzzynd xttnhy le`y hxal`îhxettx dcr mwexîofg zilb qdei xzq` hpxb ryedi oiwel l`kin onxa zilc biieevpfex dice`lw ipyd jxkd ly mipiiprd okez `i fi dk fl fn bq hq ft dncwd Paris et Vienne oe oixrfrl ic lgxobree:lbrpr x`yhinlvrwlihy` mfil`pxeyf qk`axrie` ov`fîf` reeih`x`p:yicii oi` riv`picx`aeqîenm ornfip`n`x lhpia ` xi`n oe eeixa öxc:cnrx xrc oi` xrcnrx ` yhiee`x jln ev xrpiee yiciisie`hcrxohuxrciee:m"qdîjxcoe j`xry ic mex` oe h ixy xryipöh`l oi` x`q`lbîyicii ` 1500/q"x rivw`crx ic ia`a `ix`n `p` xia rldig rae`h dyn bxraiep oerny ee`wihexw l`kin qrwq`x yxidîcec lrx xrhl`ee

4 Preface 9* Hans Peter Althaus Ein Theaterabend im Jahr Arthur 11* Koestler und das Jiddische Marion Aptroot Diskursn vegen di naye kille 25* be-amsterdam. More Polemical Pamphlets from Amsterdam(1797) David M. Bunis Whole Hebrew : A Revised Definition 37* Naftali Loewenthal From Ladies Auxiliary to Shluhot 69* Network : Women s Activisim in Twentieth-Century HABAD Maria L. Mayer Modena Yiddish Elements in Judeo-Italian 95* Agnes Romer Segal Seder Mitzvos ha-noshim and 111* its Place in Early Yiddish Narrative Literature Erika Timm Early Yiddish Prayers for Travelers: 121* On the Migration of Yiddish Customs from Southern Germany to Northern Italy List of Contributors 145*

5 :'zegkeezd dfi` ici lr eybtp' dht`n iaxde l"aix ly mzyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn sq` cec ly odixteqe odixaec.oziixa rbxn efl ef eid zeaie` dlkydde zecbpzdd,zeciqgd mewr i`xa dtwzydy itk df ly ez`eaaa df eppeazd elld zelecbd zerepzd mdiy`xae,oecne aix iyp` micbpzna e`x miciqgd.zgvgevn dpi`y dixlwtq`ae,mznerl micbpznd.miqxewit`e mixenb miryx e`x milikynae,mirhne mireh zepen`a mipin`nd mihey ly xcr miciqga e`x,milikynd z`y xzia mdixg`e.mizgyene mixea,zevx` inr mwlg zegtly,miwicvd mdibidpn xg` mixxbpe `eey,mpn`e.z`f erci s` mnvr oial mpiae,zn`d on ce`n miwegx eid dl` mb dl` wx`lyygeceakz`ximbeidzepgndoiadywddai`lewenrdiccddfealxarn oia wa`nd.eikxr lye enler ly dztnd mqwd gekn mb `l` aixid ly eznvrn zeciqgd oia mb wa`nl did milikynl miciqg oia jk xg`e micbpznl miciqg mihqwha od mei meid iiga od,mipeebnd eiiehiae,dlkydl zeciqgd oiae zecbpzdl ryzd d`nd ly dtexi`îgxfna'zicedid dieegd' z` dax dcina eavir,miizextqd.dxyr e` ax oia gekie iybtn lr zeax zerici exnzyp ziciqgîihp`d qenletd zextqa minefi mizrl,mipncfn mizrl,dl` miybtn.iciqg iax oial 'cbpzn' ocnl 2 1 xg`dcvaseyglun`nlyeziccddpigalyite`e`yp,miieca mizrle miianete ziciqgîihp`d dxihqd ly zx`eane zxren,zizxewia dxecdn ly dzpkd ixt `ed df xn`n lre ezxfr lr,dxecdnd zpkdl itzey,xi`n ozpeil dcen ip`.(1823) l"aixl'mi`tx wnr'.zenikgnd eizexrd lr oiiycpen ryedi'x icicil mb dpezp izcez.szeynd mixacd oeail 'x oia opkeznd gekieed e` aelwya micbpznl miciqg oia 1772Îa migekieed eid lynl dl`k lretdl``vi`lseqaly,dplieea`"xbdoialic`ilnonlfxe`ipy'xewqahieenlcpnmgpn e` (98-90 'nr,g"pyz milyexi,ienice zenc - dplieen oe`bd :execa cigi,qwh` 'r e`x) 1780Îa db`xta miiwzdy,a'vicxan wgvi iel'x oial obeaplpvw mdxa`'x oia ianetd gekieed 'nr,l"yzmilyexi,`,micbpznemiciqg,iwqplie'ne`x)azkambjkxg`jynpe,jxra.( mireci micbpznd cvn.rtya yi zipeica zizextq dbeqk iciqgîicbpzn gekieel ze`nbec.wqpin gekiee(c"kxz uiaepx'v) `ax `gekie,(g"pwz dyxe) lal l`xyi ly gekie xtq cgeina *

6 sq` cec oaenk ielz dl` miybtn ly mdize`vez xe`iz 3.dpebn zixqen dcin e` dkian zexea.mdilr xtqny xewnd ly ezedfa cinz mdxa` ixack,miciqgd zexvga elcb milikynd on miax,micbpznd enk `ly 4 daxdy dxei oeiqipd' :ei`eyip xg`l c"ag ciqg didy,( ) xaelheb xra zeieegn wlg dziid zeciqgd 5.'e`vi mdne eclep miciqgd ikxa lr milikyn ,l"aix) oefpieel xra wgvi ly,( ) lxt sqei ly mb mixerpd `gekielr 'nr,a,(1dxrd,lirl)micbpznemiciqg,iwqpliee`xgekiextqlr 'nr,(g"lyz) d,xtq ilr,'"dax `gekie"e "dceard sxvn" mixtqd',oiiycpen 'i e`x `ax `,l`xyi zaygna milyexi ixwgn,'wqpin gekie',xe`il`'x e`x wqpin gekie lr, Îilikynd gekieed lr 'nr,(1 dxrd,lirl) cigi,qwh`; 'nr,(a"nyz) l`izl`y jxc lr zeaeyze zel`y dfi`',hxal`îhxettx 'r e`x zizextq dbeqk iciqgd iav xfril` ly eyxcn zian my melr ci azka zeciqgd lr zilikyn dixebpq :rciedie ly mzeaxzae mdizecleza mixwgn :milyexil dplieen,(mikxer) mixg`e lhxa 'i,'ltiieev dpyn spr 'nr,a"qyz milyexi,qqxe l`eny xeqtextl miyben dtexi` gxfn icedi lr (!iciqg) xetiq `ed dfk.micbpznl milikyn oia zenir iybtn `ed ef zipeica dbeqa lr zedzl ick eicinlze oeqlcpn ly mzegilya dplieel rqpy,lfiie uxd ilztp likynd exirl ay,envra gta ltp,`"xbd zlecb lr cnry eteq.gta elitdle `"xbd ly epwpw.'mdly zexiwge `itefelit mr mnvr z` zehydl ewiqtiy,xrieqrcd iyp` miryxdl xn`'e dyry mixne` yie,mlrp [lfiie] `edd yi`d' :zipiite` zihqilxen jxca miizqn xetiqd,`,'minidixac',cenrimiwicvzia)'didyinmqxtzp`leceakzngne,dy``ypedaeyz dplieel `ay,oeqlcpn icinlzn cg`a wqer xzei xken xetiq.(hn-dn'nr,c"qyz oilwexa xetiq.xirdn edeyxibe edefia,edekid dplie iqpxte sygpy eteqe `"xbd z` oegal zpn lr ciqgd oe`bd,iecpl'a lynl e`x) ziqwecezxe`d ditxbeixehqida al utga dpwpy,df ieca iav awri 'x,`"xbd cinlz zexrda exewn,(dlx,alx-hkx 'nr,g"lyz milyexi,`plien s` lr.cl ze`,64-61 'nr,f"hxz dplie,edil` zeilr xtql,bxaqbipwn bxeaplwn xetiql 'zicbpzn' dliawn oirn `edy,xetiqay miielbd miiqenletde miizextqd miaihend,'ziqwecezxe` dit`xbeixehqida wxt:xtekd oerny',lhxa'i e`x) xtekd oerny lr iciqgd,b"pyz milyexi,wexny `pgl laei xtq:oilete fpky` bdpnk,[mikxer] mixg`e xe`il`'x ddef dpey`xd dxecdna) dxecdnl dxecdnn miiepiy elgy dcaerd s` lre,( 'nr dxcg,(wqeldn `a` cibnl iedifd'owez' xzei zexge`n zexecdnae,'oenin(!) onlf'k likynd,`"vxz-u"xz aia` lz,zeciqgd zeclez,aepaec'y,lynl) xwgnd zextql od ef diiyrn e`)ezenclr.(189'nr,b"iyzaia`lz,axdeoe`bd,xe`ipy'f)dtidzextqlod(110'nr dyn,eqin`yoethxalc`:oilxal`veizn`dxia`',mdy'ge`xwqeldn`a`ly(eienic.86-57'nr,(g"nyz) 4,zextqa xwgnl mitc,'dw'vln wqelb `a`e oeqlcpn,zeciqgd ly dzextq ziixlwtq`a miwicv zpen`e zeknq:ziciqgd dbdpdd,'f`wiit'n e`x milyexi,zeciqgd ly dzepba fepb xeaig:miciqg xtq,onlb'`;51-50'nr,h"pyz milyexi.71 dxrd,70-69'nr,f"qyz 'nr,e"lyz milyexi,`,bxacleb'x zkixra,zerqne zepexkf,xaelheb a"`.235'nr,my,xi`n'i;10-9'nr,f"lyzmilyexi,oihypiaex'`zxecdn,miciqgdzkzednlr,lxt'i

7 dht`n iaxde l"aix zyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn lye 9 ( ) et`n mdxa` ly 8,( ) cltpqw` l`xyi ly 7,( xken did dibidpne dibdpn,dizexeqn lr zeciqgd ly iniptd dnler.mixg` miax gvpzdle znrzdl,dzextqa oiirl ekiynd dpnn eyxt xy`k mbe,ahid mwlgl `ldqtzp,aixiddpgnlexaremnrhepiyy,ciqge`likynlyalzkitd.dnr lrabyidkz`fe`xcbpkycvayoaene,izkxrnoelyikkmb`l`iyi`oelyikkwx 11.ibevii jxr miiqenlete miiznbn m` mb,miax micd exnzyp miiciqge miilikyn zexewna elldmiybtndonmihrnwx 12.miwicv oial mireci milikyn oia miybtnl,lilra zvexna z`f mr.icefit` ite` e`ype cren ixvw eid maex,mikynzne mitevx eid exnzypmdicdllkjxcays`.dfbeqnmihrn`lmiybtneiddxyrryzdd`nd day jxcd lre mdizecnr lr,miccvd ipy z` mda oeird xi`n,dyelw dxeva 13.cbpky cvd zecnr mdl eyxtzp,76'nr,c"qyzql'bp`qel,lxtsqeiel"aixlmiwicvixacqxhpew:ceqdlbnlyeileblb.118 dxrd zexb`',uk 'y e`x.'el`d zigyn iyp`l xage mdigzpn gzp' did ik envr lr cird l"aix.270'nr,(y"z) i,mipf`n,'miciqg ly mzepba milikyn ozp 'x ly exiage,a`lqxan ongp 'x wicvl ce`n axewn,a`lqxa iciqgn did eixerpa'.(19'nr,a,[4 dxrd,lirl] zerqne zepexkf,xaelheb)'a`lqxan 'mzrcl cbpzd xy` eia` oevx cbp ivge dpy mz` rrexzie [dpaewa] miciqgd ixg` hie'.(83'nr,h"kxz oqipa b"i,uilnd,'l"f et`n mdxa`'x zeclez'),divfipxcend ocira dlkydd zextq:inr dviwd,l"pd,'xirv yi`k icedid likynd',qqxe'y.75-68'nr,`"qyz milyexi,cqgzdikmy`edy,wial`enyawrilikyndlyexetiqz`cg`cvn`iadlxyt`dnbecl jeza,ezenxg`lqtcp)'devnxp'exeaigz`(hxettxdcedidnly)x"iyazkeitlkile`e,dlkydd zextqa zexeve zenbn,qqxe 'y e`xe,(g"kxz aewxw,dcedi zlgp,hxettx i"y miciqge milikyn epwdy zihnxcd zernynd z` xg`d cvd one, 'nr,o"yz milyexi dpgnl,oi'fexn l`xyi 'x ly epa,dae`iln oncixt eipxra wicvd ly ezetxhvdl cgi mb lz,ziciqg zwelgn ly dinehp` :rbtpe uivd,sq` 'c e`x.1869îa uiaepx'va milikynd.a"ryz aia` one` ilikyn mr miwecdd eixywa miwicvd oian bixgd mbe recid `ed alqxan ongp 'x ld`,onxail 'g e`x.mipey miccvl eyxtzpe xwgna zeax epecip dl` mixyw.miqxewit`d dllegn iiga miwxt :alqxa zeciqg,'f`wiit 'n ; 'nr,c"nyz wxei eip,b,l"gx ongp 'x ly eiig zyxt :mixeqid lra,oixb i"` ;55-21 'nr,a"lyz milyexi,diazkae 'nr,`"nyz aia` lz,alqxan Îizextq oiipr mbe ixehqid oiipr mb mda yiy,dl`k zenir iybtnl ze`nbec dnk oldl,lekiak eitn,`iade iciqg wicv ly ziyily dcerqa ezetzzyd lr xtiq l"aix:ixelwlet ;(dxrda,22'nr,g"twz dplie,l`xyia dcerz,oefpieel a"i) xzq` zlibn lr zixihq dxez oileen',sq`'c)'uexee`naecmdxa`wicvdmr1829idlyaldipygekielrxtiqxaelheb

8 sq` cec miaed` mirx iybtn eid `l dl`.cgein ite` oexkifd zexeqna elaiw dl` miybtn,milikyn e` miciqg,mdixkef ipira.zecici ly weaiga eniizqdy zepey zerc ilra zenir `l` gepip ybtn `l :ziqenletîzibevii zernyn ilra llk jxca eid md.zeixqene zeizc,zeizxag zeiernyn mdl yiy,ziccd dpigae ('zegkeezd') ipgke.cbpky cvd ly epelyik eyexit `yep `edy mikxrd mlere cg` cv ly epegvip on,( ) aepicn `xity jlnil` iav 'x enk miwicv eid jk lya ile` 14.milikyn mr rbn lk oihelgl ellyy,divilb ix"enc`ay mipeviwde mipxnyd aihid.'miryx'd ly mpewizl zepncfd dl`k gekie iybtna e`xy miwicv eid eznerl,'l`xyi ade`' dpeknd,( ) dht`n lyd ryedi mdxa`'x wicvd z`f x`zl ryzdd`ndlydpey`xdzivgnaiciqgbidpnk'uexee`naec mdxa` 'xlyepweic :ztvl x`iz,dplie ilikyn iy`xn,oit sqei l`eny ;( 'nr,[a"pyz] e,mly,'dxyr oeqxe`ipy lcpn mgpn ic"agd x"enc`d mr 1835Îa ezyibt z`,'eiyxece xec',eizepexkifa i"yx iazkn xgan:zxnyn dlkydl zngel dlkydn) enr ldipy dgiyd z`e('wcv gnv'd) mb cird 'wcv gnv'd mr ezyibt lr ;(84-79 'nr,b"pyz milyexi,[jxer] xpiit 'y,oit ;181'nr,e"kxz fenz g"x,cibnd,'ca` wicvd',ltiieev v"`) ecitqdy,ltiieev iav xfril` ly eckp envra,l"ldi likynd;( , ,189'nr:mi`ad zepeiliba mikynde,oiel l"i) mipelqn mdxa` wicvd mr 1865Îa ldipy gekie lr xtiq,oixaewn dyn wicvd,xlqwe jlnil` likynd;(49-47'nr,g"kyz milyexi,iwvelq'i zkixra,zepeibde zepexkf eitn `iade dxieewqn wgvi wicvd eax mr ldipy gekie lr xtiq,ahiwn oeyxb 'x i`v`vn 'p,'"inrp yi`" iig ikxc zevw dl`',xlqwe '`) 'dxabl`' gpend xewn lr iwqhexb yexc lr;( 'nr,h"nxz dyxe,meid epz` miigd l`xyi ixteql oexkf xtq,[jxer] aeleweq,yeaxalif i"c e`x,iriaxd c"ag x"enc`,oeqxe`ipy l`eny'xe oiwqplenq uxt ly mzyibt ex`ez -cg`kmiipeicaemiil`x-dfbeqnmiybtn 'nr,e"vxzaia`lz,izepexkfqwptn i`plieed likynd oia ipeica zenir dagxda x`ez ic"ag xewna lynl.miciqgd iazka mb,'dlkydd' zrepze'wcv gnvd' x"enc`,oeqxe`ipy i"i)'wcv gnv'd oial bxeavpib oxd` ikcxn xewnaz`fznerl.(2dxrd,lirl)xtekdoerny,lhxae`xe,(13-21,5'nr,e"yzoilwexa oia,`"twz uiwa a'vicxaa didy,d`xpk izn` ybtn x`ez oexg`d onfa mqxety ialqxa,zeycg zehnyd :ze`lzd ini,z"pxden ini,o"xden iig e`x.aexinpn ozp 'x oial l"aix fg`p,sq` 'c mb e`x.btwz-atwz 'nr,r ze`,d"qyz yny zia,[...] zetqed qxhpew.273'nr,e"qyz milyexi,zeciqgd zecleza dkeane xayn iwxt:jaqa,(1848) h"xz deewle'f,miigd xe`,uari sqei ly extq lr'mipb oirn' eyexitl ezncwd e`x eceiy cr elld miqxewit`d mixwtend miryxd mr gkeezdl dl` ixaca izpeek oi`y':` sc lrmcinrdlickamiryxdmrgkeezdldl`ixacaipevxoi`e[...]'dl`eaeyiezn`dlr,ith exwtc [oky lk] y"k zn`a mixn`pd el`d mixacd e`xi m`,izrci mb izrci.zn`d mkxc df ik,zepvilae miebd zepeyl lkn ecnl xy` mdizevilna aiydl e`aie dl`ixacaiznbnlkj`.dpefdzxiykdxfiztydptehzztepe,oeyld zetil meid lk lk mdl oi` xy` miclid z` livdle,[l`xyi ipa] i"a epig`n zenebrd zeytpd z` livdl eqenlet lr.(ily dybcdd)'dl`d miryxd miyp`d ild`n cecp wigxdle ma epzgzi lal,men 'nr,(3 dxrd,lirl) dbdpdd,'f`wiit e`x,dlkydd mr aepicn iaxd ly

9 dht`n iaxde l"aix zyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn fkxna cner 15,diqexa dlkydd zrepz ly micqiind zea`dn,l"aix mr eybtny :df xn`n dfi` i"r eybtp dfa dfe,iccdl,ryxde wicvd epiid,mipyd el` mipncfnyk dpde wicvdlawnye`,dndmiaeh`lxy`eiyrnlrryxdlgikenwicvdy.zegkeezd.[cg` lk] `"k lv` miqenkd zegekd mixxerzn f`[e],el xviny ryxd i"r mixeqi,ryxdipiraq`npedfap`edj`idoianed`exryxdjezafepbeqenkyaehd,epiid aehdgek]`edce`nf`.wicvdipiraxwieaeygdidi`edj`ide,eilrgibynepi`e aeha[xnel dvex] l"x,eyxeya wacil wyege dee`zne sqkp[ryxd znypa fepby a`eye,za`eyd oa`k wicvda yiy aehd dyrp f`e.`ed ax ik,wicvda yiy,wicvd lv` `vnpy rxdn `herinc `herin oke.ryxda `vnpy aeh lk eil` ipira ce`n q`npe dfap `ed j`id [wicvd znypa fepby rxd gk] oiane d`exyk `veie jynp `ed cin f`,ryxd ipira aeyge mnexne `yepn didi j`ide,wicvd dpw mye,eyxey `edy,ryxda wacpe.el rney epi`e ryxdl gikend wicvdn 16.enewn dht`n iaxd z` jian l"aix :zilikynd oexkifd zxeqn zia' extq ly diipyd dxecdnl 1858Îa siqedy,'htyndîmn`' ª mya xvw xn`na 17 oileeay a'vicxaa dkxrpy zianet dlin zixa zcerq lr l"aix xtiq,'dcedi icexa ilikyna glzydy,cakp iciqg wicv ayi micreqd y`xa.ezetzzyda `exwl mircei mpi`y,zevx` inre mixea mdicinlz ik miycgd xtqd iza z` miy`de migkepdoncg`gly,enyaawp`ll"aixy,wicvdixacldaebza.ynegaweqt z` miaeqnd lk ipirl d`xd xrpde,icexaa xtqd zia jipg,epal `exwl dcerqa (epkcrljxevds`lr)xzeiaaehdmekiqdmeidcrj`,daxxwgnzextqzniiwl"aixlr 'nr,h"vxz milyexi,b,dycgd zixard zextqd ly dixehqid,xpfelw sqei ly extqa `vnp gqep 'nr,gxw zyxt,b"kxz xinehi'f,l`xyi ade`,dht`n lyd ryedi mdxa` zeyxcdixtqipyoiaqgidlr.`"rl-a"rhk,c"ixzbxanl,zn`zxez:yaeynemcew 'nr,(h"iyz) `,zyx`,'`ht`n axdl "l`xyi ade`" xtqd lr',iqtl` 'i e`x elld n,xtq zixw,'l`xyi ade` xtq lra ly eizeyxc lr zecg` zexrd',l`bp 'b ; 'nr,(d"lyz) 2 dyxe,l"aix hewli,oefpzp a"c) 'nr,a,g"ixz dplie, dcedi zia,oefpieel a"i wgvi i`plieed likynd l"aix l` dptdy azknl daeyz ef dyrnl.( 'nr,g"lxz eazkn)dplieeamipaxlyxcndzialymebrdeavnz`dywoeylax`izeae,awriîoawifii`.(80-78'nr,b"qxz dyxe,mzeg igezt,oefpieel a"i:qtcp awriîoa ly

10 sq` cec ly eizepexyikn elrtzd mlek migxe`d.oeaygae wecwca,cenlza,dxeza eizerici enr qnltzd f` e`.'dtilw'a xaecn ik uexiza z`f xht rztend wicvde,xrpd wicvd l"aix ly exetiq it lr.eixac lr dbirlnd 'dxez' zervn`a egvipe l"aix ryedimdxa`'x`l`epi`dfwicv.ezexkiyamcxpoky,dfilikyngwlmiptd`l :l"aix ly ezecr dpd dligz.'feai'fn dxiira f` xxebzdy,dht`n lyd izafr,mipyrayemiylykildf:dxtq`eerny,dyrnldkld!ixiwimkl`ddzre mi`exwd jeza ip`e meid idie dher,aecklaxeqnyi`ayimi`exwdy`xae.w 18.minrd zlkex xir.a xirl `iqexl iz`ae ic`xa xir xiabd ziaa dlin zixa zcerqa ciqgewizeikmixne`izrnye.blykdfrzxdakztpvney`xae,ycewcalirn 19.clil dywnl oeict minrtl dyri wgcd zryae,ixwzi iax mrd zvwnne,`ed ycgd xcq i"tr ic`xa xira miclid jepign xacl xacd lblbzp dcerqd seqa mixnmixacdfd jepigd lr zeywwized df xacie 20,(miycgd xtq izad zipaza) lel`a'gauipnxwaenzgpl"aixlyel`mixac.a'vicxa`id'.axir'.b,fkl`wfgiitlr yi,jynda xxaziy itk j`,(1820) s"wz zpy seqa `et` xaecn dxe`kl.(1857) f"ixz.agtqpe`x.(1822)a"twzzpylydiipydzivgnloldleaxaeciyrexi`dz`jx`zl :einia miwicvd miyery miqpd lr,xetiqd `eyp,dht`n lyd ryedi mdxa`'x ixacl eeyd lr] c"r eppi` `ed xy` `lte qp dfi`l oikixv eidyk[...] mi`iapde[miyec]'wd epizea` ik' eriap jiyndl[jxazi'da] i"yda mzewaczde mzyecwe mzxdh i"r mcia gk did,rahd[jxc zeyrdlerahdikxczepylmciazlekidid[dficilre]f"ire[...]zenlerdnzedl`rty j`.dneckemiznzeigdle`zexwrcewtl,mzrylmdljxhvnditkmqxetnqpe`ltmdl z`fk dlecb[zp]'igal ribdl epizbyde epigeka oi`e,dn cr rcei epz` oi`,elld zexeca dzr ep`dfae,'eb"dxyz`cwt'de"zyxtmixewep`f` zexwr cewtl oikixv ep`yke[...],mipeilr mixewn oze`y,xacd llk[...] ze`ltpde miqpd lka `ed oke[...] eriapd mixxern jxhvixy`zrlklzexecixeclminiiwemiigdnd,miyecwdepizea`i"rozriapegztpxy` dht`n wicvl.([ily dybcdd] 24'nr,`vie zyxt,[16 dxrd,lirl] l`xyi ade`)'eznbec eywalzxaerndyi`eil`d`axy`k:zilikyndvld`l`eppi`ile`y,`adxetiqdmbqgei oncg`lrzea`zkqnaxn`poky,dgixdldilrdeeiveerexfz`iaxddlib,cerlitz`ly zeciqgd,iwvcexed `"y) 'ycewd xya gixn dy` dlitd `l' :ycwnd ziaa erxi`y miqpd ilyxid oebk,mixg` miyi`l mb qgei df cecig.(tw 'nr,b"txz oilxa,a,miciqgde 'nr,i"yz milyexi,b,cecgde dgicad xtq,aep`iexc'`)'feai'fnn jexa'xe diletexhqe`n mebxz] e"pyz iqpen,ze`ltp ixetiq,xphx'a) wipclieen aec l`xyi miwicvl,(2133 oniq,fk,oxhy f"`) aepnixn 'zxyn' yxid iavle (hv-gv 'nr,[1901 xinehi'f zxecdnn zixarl n"g) 'wcv gnv' x"enc`l mb df oirne,(ai 'nr,[-"vxz] c"yg rx`nîeh`q,mixwi zegiy.(alw-`lw'nr,e"kyz c"ag xtk,mixetq ihewl,aelxt e`x) eznwda axern did l"aixy,(rleyîl`rx) xgqnl xtqd zia icexaa gztp 1818 ziy`xa ;365'nr,c"kxz elqka c"i,cibnd,'uipnrxwn l"f od`fpieerl xra wgvi zeclez',d"tyi 'nr,e"lxz dyxe,[...] od`fpieerl xra wgvi[...] iig ini ixac:zepexkfd xtq,oefpzp a"c n"p hexita e`x.ezgizt z` repnl eqip mde,miciqgd cvn ax fbex xxer df xtq zia.(

11 dht`n iaxde l"aix zyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn xake' :[oeyld efa] l"dfa xn` eizeprh lk xg`e.mixex`e zel`a llwie,micibk!'yneg weqt elit` mircei `l elld miclidy izrny glyel`dmixacdrenyke.ic`xayi`did,xiabddfly xehp`wa azekde okeqd miniaeia`lic`xan`ay,mipyxyre`ryzoaxrp,epaz`oiaeqndjezl`iade,dxez iyneg dyng lk rci :epa z[e]`iwa z` oiaeqnd lk oirl d`xd eia`.mdd [ycewd oeyl] w"dyl wecwca mb.dt lra hrnk lkde,`xwndn mixg` mixtqe eixace.ez`nel`yxy`lkl,dtlracibd`nw`aazkqnnmitcmirax`e,oeayge zetimiptxaqae,mrhaehelkydaezgpaeid j`.eig`l`yi`ednziemditexrtie,c`ndpey`xxrpddfnelrtzpoiaeqndlk eidmdipirik,xacivg`lexacuegleeiztyn`ivedleaalz`axrmdnyi`oi`!dwpieeixacxg`dpyiinik,dfoiaeqndy`xl`zeielz lr d`xp svwa ledn wegye - lecb lewa oiaeqnd y`x `xw micg` mirbx xg`e '!olvil `pngx,dtilw dyrn `ed `ed!ze`d df!`axc`!`axc`':xn`ie `xwie-eipt mb,dxard reaya cnly dn gkey cli lk rahd jxca' :xn`ie elyn z`y sqeie epiptlyxrpddfe.rxdoirn`ximb,milecbiptaxaclyiiazne,wygacnelepi` '?dtilw dyrn df oi`d.eiyrna `ed dpeyn mzeze` enye,zeqekd miwixn md idie.eixg` on` miperk,my`x eripd mrd ziaxne erc.dxac`e ipeyxd 25 24!mignen mipiic!izeaxe ixen':`xw`e ilbx lr iznw 23,zeze`.'`xiwi ediiyial` `zlne,miyxetn dxeza xak mi`exwd y`x ixac ik.eeiwxhnlrkixaclre,ewezyieeycwixacz`wfgliz`aikeaygmrd 'ebe epiptl miyp` dglyp exn`ze mklk il` oeaxwze"('` mixac) aizk':xne`e or`e ux`ddaehexn`iexacepze`eaiyie, epil`ecixeieux`dixtnmciaegwie,'ebe 'x ; 'nr,e"hyz milyexi,(e,l`xyia zedn`e mixr) icexa icedi zeclez,xalb br,oeiv,'zicedi ditxbeixehqide zilikyn zepaxax :1816 zpya bxanla mxgd',oiwpn xtqziageztlrivdeae,divilbzepehlylxikfzlxtgly1820îa 'nr,(g"qyz) ezywa j`,letepxha ldpn envr `edy ilikynd xtqd zia zpekzna icexaa icedi innr,17 dxrd 123,97-94 'nr,1961 diagxn,dlkydde zeciqgd,xld`n 'x e`x.dzgcp xgqnd zepeayg ea eldepy cxyn lra didi,il`xd xtqd zia cinlz `l i`ceeae,'mipy xyr e` ryz oa' xrpy xiaq df oi` cnly`ltcliaxaecnyxyt`,xetiqdz``ivnde`mifbd`ll"aixm`.dfkyrciorhn.ihxt jepigl mb dkfe icexaa eidy'miilnxep'd xtqd izan cg`a.c,crmildzitlr.mixcp zxzdl laewnd gqepd it lr xnelk,eyaelllibxyinlmixwieinc[`zlin]lirn':myi"yxe,a"rai,zayilaaitlr.'mdixg` xfgn dz` eizerenya libxe[...] ecinlz dz`y itl

12 Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ sq` cec epze` zzl mixvn ux`n ep`ived epze` 'd z`pya,exn`ze mkild`a EpbxYe 'ebe epbxze" :(c"k `wqt mixac) ixtqa l"fg exn`e,"'ebe epcinydl ixen`d cia,mdl mixne`e mdipa z` milhepe,mdl znk mikeae miayei eidy cnln,'ebe mkild`a dxe`kle."'eke'ekeaelvdlrmknmiaelveidixgnl,mitebqmkli`mieecmkli` j`?"epil` ecixeie ux`d ixtnmciaegwie"dyndtxikfnzilkzefi`l,dyw lre'dlrepbxyzixwrddaqddzid`idelldzexitdmzf`xy`vnp,almiypm`,jklkelrtzp`l,dneckemiwprdon,milbxndmdlextqymixacdxzinik,dyn mze`xa j`.mixrqnd aex jxck dbltde `nfebl eayge,mdipira e`x `ly ori lr dfn ecnle,dnecke mlcba rahd jxcn mi`veid,mi`ltpd elld zexitd mdipira,mzkl mxh milbxndl dev envra epiax dyne.dbltd jxc mpi`y,mdixac lk 'ebe xezl dyn mze` glyie" gly zyxta xn`py enk,elld zexit mdnr e`iaiy e`xi xy`ky,ezpeek dzide."ux`d ixtn mzgwle mzwfgzde,'ebe mdil` xn`ie dktd dtilwd j`.ef dixet ux`l zkll exdnie mal gnyi elld mi`ltpd zexitd jk,dpeyndixtymyk"!`axc`!`axc`:egeeve,urexldynzaygnz`mrdala.'(gly zyxta my i"yx oiire)"dpeyn dnr y`xaakeykidie.wizeddflrdncxzdltpxak,dl`ixacz`izilkmxhip`e eiyp`e.mixenylilaminzdykeaxwlreeirxklrey`xmpie.oiifxarik,lag 27.ipelnljl`eot`edkedkoiae.ixaczilkzlecxi`lmdne,dfadfmiyglzn mpexbn dxaicy'dtilw'd ixacl eixac z` ezeeyda iciqgd iaxd z` uwry,l"aix mdxa`'xmrezedflxyt`ze`celydaxdcinaj`,enyaawp`l,milbxndly 28 ly exe`iz ifnx mb `l`,df iedifl riiqn jix`zd wx `l.dht`n lyd ryedi 26.dpitqdoxezrnyn-lAg.(cl,bkilyn)'lAgW`xAakWkEmialaakWMziide'itlr 'nr,(my) l"aix hewli; 'nr,(17 dxrd,lirl) dcedi zia,oefpieel,lirl) zeciqgd,iwvcexed; 'nr,(2 dxrd,lirl) zeciqgd zeclez,aepaec e`x eilr,mdizecleza mixwgn:dtexi` gxfna zecdie micedi,oixtliid'i;htw-frw'nr,a,(19 dxrd ;`"nyz milyexi,'l`xyi ade`' lra `ht`n axd,iqtl`'i; 'nr,h"kyz milyexi ;`rw-bpw'nr,(b"nyz) av,ipiq,'`ht`n"l`xyi ade`":lyd ryedi mdxa`'x',qiviw'b milyexi,ezxeze eixetiq,eizekild,eiig :`ht`n axd liyd ryedi mdxa` iax,lxa i"g,`cpl'ilynle`x.eivixrnaxwambwegvexxeryze`nfebxtqnkrcepdfwicv.d"nyz,114 'nr,f"qxz aewxheit,zexe` xyr,xbxa 'i;13-12 'nr,a"pxz aewxheit,aeh oexkf gztl dribd dlkyddy oiivl ie`x 'nr,my,iqtl` ;ck-`k mipniq,117,h oniq,uiaepx'vnx`xihmiigwicvdlyepa,onlwld`yipcakeieza.dht`niaxdlyynnezia ezalrwicvddtkxacddlbzpyk.qexewit`ldids` d`xpkedlkydlqtzpdfonlwj` 'nr,(b"iyz) d,g"q,zeneyx,'aepiyiwn onlw 'x',xwvixt '` e`x.dlran yxbzdl.2dxrd,52'nr,(13dxrd,lirl)jaqafg`p,sq`;

13 dht`n iaxde l"aix zyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn ey`xae,ycewcalirndher')oalicbayaeld,owfciqgxnelk,'wize'`ed.wicvd z`f.('aeck laxeqn yi`') diizyae dlik`a daxne,('blyk dfr zxdak ztpvn.dht`niaxdmrdfwicvedifok`l"aixlyepnfilikynydxexazecrepicia,cere :'dipade dxfbd' exn`na xaelheb xra mdxa` likynd 1878Îa azk jke dnkgd xe` mdilr dbp xy` mipey`xd eid zelecbd divil`b ixra xy` micedid oilete diqex ixra evetp mxgqn ilbxl dnde.eicinlze [oeqlcpn dyn] o"nanxdn l"gx ld`,onxail'g e`x.miaeh miniae zezaya cgeina,oal yeall ebdp miwicve milaewn 'nr,e"qyz milyexi,zaya zeilaw zebdpd,yinlg 'n ; 'nr,(12 dxrd,lirl) 'zayl oal icba [ok mb] k"b el eid','xzqd'd ztewza mb ik xqnp h"yrad lr ac cibnd mb x`ez jke,(54 'nr,a"pyz milyexi,oihypiaex '` zxecdn,h"yrad igay) oaldravd)zepaleidelywahdzqteweeilrpelit`.oalqlh`iyealnyeal':'uixfnnxra lr.(144 'nr,b"iyz aia` lz,oenin dnly iig xtq) '(cqgd lnq milaewnd ipira aygp 'nr,`"qyz milyexi,dib`nl dfhqw` oia zeciqgd,lci`'n e`x oald ravd ly ezernyn `lyi`y]oiibhipxpiiwl`fyr':icexalymxgdfexka1772îaswzeddfbdpn dxrd,lirl] micbpzne miciqg,iwqplie)'dlilge dlilg miaeh minie zezaya oal icbaa[jli d"era':aewilceqnmixt`miigdyn'x,h"yradckplymiheadeixace`xe.(48'nr,`,[1 ipen` inely zelrna zelrdl dvex cg` lke,mlera xwyd daxzpy,[miaxd epizepeera] [zay axra] y"ra zilh miyaele,zaya mipal icba miyaeln mdy d`exe.l`xyi mdy,ax axr mi`xwp mdy mxeb dfy,olekn dywy dfe.edenk did` zeid :xne`e,dgpna ;32 'nr,glyie zyxt,i"xz xineh'if,mixt` dpgn lbc) 'ocixtdl dywe l`xyia miaxern epiid,"mipal dpalpe" exn`y `ede,miwicvk mnvr mi`xny':10'nr,gp zyxt,my eeyde dht`n iaxd lr.([ily zeybcdd] 'mixedhd miwicvd oeinck mipal icba yealp oglydlreayi[mipwf]a"iy,'c oglydmydidxcdpdn':eeydzayzcerqaoalyaeld xy`ke.cg`ecg`lkllk`nzexrwmrjldycewaynynde,oalicbaamiyaelnexedhd dyrecg`owflyoalicbalrahexhrndbbyajtypahexdmrcg`dxrwmrynyndybp xn`e,z`fk[dht`n]yecwdepiaxd`xxy`ke.zecxgoirynyndlrowfdmyie,ecbaamzk yiciia;diyew]diywjilrd`xik,jldkkdyryynyndlrjt`dxgidn:`zegicaael ur qxhpew,b"rxz dyxe,a,[...] j"`xdn iyecig)'ahexa jtype[miqixb zqiic `id'ry`w'.(5-4'nr,zea` dht`niaxd.'aeckxyaoilaxeqne,aeckoizeyeoilke`y':a"radxfdcear,ilaaitlr mdxa`'x[...] zeciqgd ixeabn,onheb i"n)'daxd,daxd dzye lk` `ed':ezlik`a rcep ok` didy:eiciqglreci`ht`nwicvddidmikxcipya';(evw'nr,b"iyzaia`lz,dht`nliyd,bxapihydcediiazklk,'aey`e`hg`')'dlik`aepewz`caerdidyedaeyzilraz`aagn milyexi,ycgdg"zlyoilegzegiy,uiaewyen'vlynle`x.(giy'nr,h"iyzaia`lz,zeize`dxry; 'nr,`"kyzmilyexi,c,d`ndixy,oeninodkdl"i;`'nr,f"yz 'nr,[?n"yz]milyexi,[wqixan]a"eyry`i'xiazk;ek'nr,dcerqjxc,e"lyzwxeieip `ht`n axd,iqtl`;cv-bv'nr,h"nyz wxa ipa,g"nxd oxn ixetiq,uiaeltew y"t;`ix mipcrne milk`n lky envr lr xn`' ik mb xqnp df cvl 'nr,(28 dxrd,lirl) aeal,miwicv izty,uiaepicn qgpt)'y`xe dprlk enrhe zexixn ea yibxn,lke`y minrhne.(`"r dl,d"kxz

14 sq` cec diprpk xy`,mipeape minkg d`ln xir,icexa icedi zeyrl e`iltd cegiia [...] icedinyi``axy`mewnlkae.diqexixraeidmdiwqraexeux`icakp[dixgeq] icexanyi`didiezrcmywaaidie[...]minidixirvzeytpgwl,myxeblicexa `ln dtae,miciqgdipira`xflicexaicedieidoklr.jxcdmxeiemiipirlmdl e`iad md ik xn`e,zvxnp dllw mllwie mdilr dxq dht`n axd xaic d`pye eipira xi`nn uewl dlkydd dzid ik ;diqex ux`l zeqxewit` seq,g"ixz `pliee,zipy dxecdn,l"f l"aixdl dcedi zia'q oiir) d`py zilkz 31.('eke'mkl`ddzre'ligzndxeaica,175cv,xtqd haya'kaicexanglyyazkna.oklmcewcerdht`niaxdlrrnyercil"aix rinydy 'dxezd ixac'a xkfp `ed,letepxh yi` lxt sqei ecicil (1821) `"twz :oileeay( Radziwilów) ì lieeic`x dxiirl oncfd xy`k,iaxd lekiak,lieeic`xa zecerq ylya `ht`c axd xn`y dn,dkld izxkfpe dyrn izi`x[...] efe]l"fe,axdxn`e.yexitmeyeloi`zn`aik,'diayazi`xe'weqtlr[yex]'it cer yi j` 32.xplrfl micedi o`cxewa migwel milxry `ed lecb yecig :[epeyl dtidy`lde`z,olvil`pngx,minrtlelyiicediydf`aoi`n!dfnlecbyecig dvex]l"x,di`xdl[w]lwzpyzngn`adfy,heyt`edheytzn`ala`?dze`xa jledy el dncp,lynl uega jled dti dy` eze`xae.ahid mi`ex mpi`y [xnel oke.oewiz dl zeyrle zay ceakl dhgeyl dl ce`n wyg el yie,dti dnda jled icedi mze`xa,mdly di`xd dlwlwzpy zngne,milxr xplrf sehgl oikledyk,mixac]'dnglnl`vzik'weqtd'itdfe.eze`mithegelxrdfymdldncpweya.milxr sehgl wx mikled,'jiaie` lr';dngln iyp` sehgl oikledyk,[`i-i,`k mithegy `a oi`n l"x,'eiay ziaye jicia 'c Fpzpe' df `a oi`n,weqtd dywne l"x,diaya di`xdy iptn,'diawa zi`xe' weqtd uxzny dfe?icedi diayl ztizy`lwygyiy`aoi`n.'dazwygex`ezztizy`','i`x`de.dlwlwzpy 33.[epeylo`kcr]l"kr,diayadi`xdyzngnj`?x`ez ez`py z`.(ily dybcdd) 73Ð72 'nr,a,(4 dxrd,lirl) zerqne zepexkf,xaelheb l`xyi zellk ly dnilyd dnew[zp]'igaa':eizeyxca yexita dht`n iaxd riad milikynl mixn [min] mdy,xece xec lkay mixqende miqxewit`d mde,dxn 'iga k"b yi ade`) '[olvl `pngx] l"x,l`xyi zellkl mirx mirbte mi`legd lk jynp mdne,mixx`nd.([ily dybcdd] 76'nr,mihtyn zyxt,[16 dxrd,lirl] l`xyi.miliig- xplrf;divilbl iepik,leab- o`cxew sqe`axenydcidazkitlrhrnoweze, 'nr,(7dxrd,lirl)milikynzexb`,uk.milyexi,zine`ld diixtqd,miixar ci iazkl dwlgnd,(oefpieel wiz) oexcay

15 dht`n iaxde l"aix zyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn wtqj` 34,mewnd zal `yipy xg`l mipyd oia lieeic`xa xxebzd l"aix micedi qeibl mzwife mixacd okez.dtewz dze`a rnyy dpyi'dxez' o`k hhiv m` ziqexd dxiird 35.azknd zaizk onfl jenq mzxin` lr mifnxn ixhqe`d `avl dkenq dziid,ixhqe`d leabd on cala mixhneliw dyelyk dziid dwegxy,lieeic`x zricil `iadl i`ceea elki mzdl `kdn migily 36.leabd ly ipyd ecvay icexal 37 gipdl xyt`.my eyglpy miqb ziciqgîihp` zelikx ixac,icexaa f` xby,l"aix dziidefmzqdon 38.eipfe`enal"aixrny`llirldhhevyznwernd'dxez'dz`y dxiarde dnyx,eilr eal aehk,`ede,eil` mb dribdy miwicvd oeayg lr dvld ok`e.eizexivin zg`a iqenletîixihq yeniy da zeyrl lxt lkei `ny,d`ld xkfp(1830îa dqtcp) l"aixe lxt sqei exaigy ztzeynd dxihqd,'miwicv ixac'a :a'vicxaa dht`n iaxd ly exewia brla aey e`x e"rwz xc`a lieeic`xa eixebn lr 'nr,b,(15 dxrd,lirl) dixehqid,xpfelw lyepa,wgvi'xwicvdlieeic`xaigzrdze`a.11'nr,b"pxzdyxe,xteqdlky`,extqa epa,oc'x)dht`nwicvdmrmiwecdmixywmiiwy,(1832îaxhtp)a'velfnlkinl`igi'x -352'nr,(28dxrd,lirl)micedi,oixtliidmbe`x.(dht`niaxdzal`yip,wgvi'xly,zyaeyne zxge`n ziciqg zxeqna yi lieeic`xl l"aix ly ezwifl sqep menr cixy.353 lya lekiak,jk ea bdp l"aix.( ) lieeic`xn sqei wicvl iaeigd eqgi z` zx`znd dxiirdzaz`dyi`l`ypxy`kxikdy,(1812îaxhtp)letn`insqei'xeaqlygxyceakd.er-dr'nr,i"yz aia` lz,adf zxyxy,(ailxbpi`) dix`îxeb'y e`x.(!) letn`i yecig') iaxd ixac oia xeywl dqip oixtliid l`xyi.ixhqe`d `avl micedi ztihg lr reci `l `avl micedi qeib lr zereny oial,('xplrfl micedi o`cxewa migwel milxry `ed lecb.(31 dxrd,353'nr,[28 dxrd,lirl] micedi,oixtliid) 1817Îa evetpy eig`xag,ripirmbe,leabzapbedgxadfkxnlieeic`xdziddxyrryzdd`ndlkjyna hr pbhx`c/urprb`ieexrqrxbhyipfi`lieeifc`x':xiylrci,ofgdiqiitoalhenly enbxzy,(118'nr,f"pyz milyexi,qpfg mrc rqiir lh`n,mkilr mely)'urprxb ic orn /.ziael`vndacceyeapblke/,zifkdphwe`idleabldkenqxir':epeincnuiaewxac"i '!dxn,dd,ezixg`dzide/,dlennzayeid,icexalzkll/,dleabz`dlilaxeariikmc`e mbe`xicexallieeic`xoia'miqgid'lr.(epw'nr,f"hyzaia`lz,f,mkilrmelyiazk) aia` lz,`,oexhiv l"y mbxz,dpiaeweae divilb,oileta micedid oaxeg,iwqîp` 'y 'nr,[h"txz] ciqglrl"aixxtiq,( 'nr,[7dxrd,lirl]milikynzexb`,uk)lxtlxg`azkna lr zerenyd xewn.xkf akyna qtzpy,'qcibn mrc cec' dpeknd,lieeic`xn mqxetn xkfpe mewna xby,l"aix ly ecicie ecinlz,oiihyphx`d l`ipc ile` did lieeic`xa ygxznd,wgvi x`a,oefpzpa"c mbe`x.g"twzdplie,l`xyiadcerzlry`xnminzegdzniyxa.116'nr,a,(4 dxrd,lirl) zerqne zepexkf,xaelheb;82-81'nr,q"xz dyxe eqqazd(`i,`kmixac)'dazwygex`ezztizy`diayazi`xe'weqtdlrzeiciqgzexez oeirx lr e`,rxd xvid iaya gwlpy 'aehd zilkz' xexgy ly ikepigîixqen oeirx lr dxrd,lirl) ziciqgd dbdpdd,'f`wiit e`x.iaya egwlpy zevevipd xexgy ly ip`ixelîilaw 'nr,(

16 sq` cec xi feafrnd `a xy`ky izxkfe.lke lkn oiee qetc exq` miwicvdy izrci xake micneld eze` el`ye,dxwna aeyhicxaa lecbd yxcnd ziadl cg` mrt hrnkixardmb.hytdrci`lezerydnkdfdlecbdiaxdcnre,`xnbahytmyc miclielit`y,lweheytxacdidzn`aik,c"ndadlkepnnmiwgeyeide.rci`l zngne,oieeqetc`xnbddidyzngn,xacddlbzpdfxg`e.dfdhytdmirceieid 39.ely zegen lalazp mdilr dxeyd `a`qnc `gex xb a'vicxaa l"aix ly ezedy zepyay,dht`n iaxd oaenk `ed 'xifeafrnd' 40 lykpeux`dmrexea`ediaxd-libxdiciqgîihp`daihendepiptlaey.'feai'fna len,'yxcnd zia' `id mrtd dkeand zxif.`xnba miheyt mihqwh zpada elit` oelyikd z` miciqgd mivxzn day jxcd.micbpznd md `ld,'micnel'd ly mdipir dzxyy('`a`qnc `gex') d`neh gex lya lalazd wicvd- ihqind mnlern dgewl zayaecarmixkpdeilrety,uweynddpieqetcaeqtcpdl`oky,cenlzditclr 41.miqxewit`Îmilikyn cvl dht`n iaxd z` jiadl epeiqipa lykp l"aix :ziciqgd oexkifd zxeqn.mlitydlemdlberllzepncfdytgnemgztlaxe`yinyiikahidercimiwicvd mbrlnwx`ldeekpy,envrdht`niaxd.dleppekzdeefdcaeroeaygae`iadmd 42,'drxt zpiga' elld'mivvelzn'a d`x,miciqglymbelblnmb`l`milikynly.(ilydybcdd)79-78'nr,(6dxrd,lirl)ceqdlbn,xi`n jexa'x`ed'xifeafrnd'ikzerhaxriy(131dxrd,78'nr,[6dxrd,lirl]ceqdlbn)xi`n.(1810îa xhtp)'feai'fnn zepncfda mb,a'vicxaa aeye,df oiiprl xfg l"aix.(79 'nr,my) xi`n ly eizexrda e`x aiyde,aeyhicxraxiracg`[mixtqxken]q"nmr[dflr]f"rizgkezpzg`mrte':zxg` [dxezxtqke]z"qke[dxfdcear]f"rixtqkmpicoieeixtqy:mdizeaxndlawmdlyiyil cere.zayae [aeh meia] h"ia miqitcne dnd mixkp qetca milretdy mrhne,oin eazky wc xtrl miliqkd eizeax zeprh ipgh xg`e.dl`k zexea ixac daxd eizeaxn iptl xiakd lv` einia eqtcpy mixtqd z` `iltny ji` `"nx z"eya el izi`xd,xey zipaz oghdk?dfadl`epridne[...]zeilkqdeizeprhndvwl`dvwnjetddf"razkike,mixkpdiqitcn.(31-30'nr,[13 dxrd,lirl] l`xyia dcerz,oefpieel)'mzliykd mday zexead zaya xn`'y xg`l ik xteq.my c"ag iciqg mr dht`n iaxd jqkzqd q`ia ezepax inia eazkxweaa'`meiae.dxezd lr ewgyec"agmyamipekndmiyp`myeide,dlecbdxez wgvi iel 'x ipf`a jk lr opelzd iaxd.'oeifa jxca zepelgd lr l"f axd ly dxezd z` oixir,ocle '`) ''eke,[iilr] mwgya dyea k"k didiy fld dxeza izxn` dn' :a'vicxan,'q`iizclenxirnzepexkf',hk`p'ie`xdfjeqkqlrwxdlr.(19'nr,d"nxzdyxe,oiyicw

17 Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ dht`n iaxde l"aix zyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn mikapl`xuiipaldrxrxn`e':miweqtdlryxcjke.ryxeze`lyeteqkmteqy ª drxta dcam`e,mdixg` scxe drxrîalîz` iywgge:xacod mdilr xbq,ux`a md :(c-b,cizeny)''dip`immixvnercie,fliglkae mi`exmdxy`ke.drxtmyami`xwp[dfdmlerd]f"derdzelbzdamdxy`miyp`d aeyia,dltze dxez ixeaica,mivtg 'd zxeza xy`,miciqgde miwicvd zebdpzd mdilr xbq ux`a md mikeap':mixne`e,mdilr mivvelzn md f`,l"pke lecb zrcd `l,xdnyigaxaclmciazlekioi`ike,xeaicdzpigamdilrxbqyepiid,'xacnd.mdixg`scxemalz`izwfge[...]mdmikeapm`ikdfoi`.zrcdaeyiaezepizna f"derd zelbzda mdy,el`d miyp`dy epiid,'elig lkae drxta dcak`e',ok mpn`.'d ip` ik,miwicvde minkg icinlzl miwirnde mixivnd lk ercie,mzegk lkae 43.oade zxkef,liaepx'v iciqg axwa dxnzypy ziciqg zxeqn mb ik xxazn,riztna dpde mb,riztna `ly.l"aix mr ezyibt z`e a'vicxaa dht`n iaxd ly exewia z` ik s`,zilikynd dnbnl zecbepn,zeiqenlet zenbn yi ziciqgd oexkifd zxeqnl zxif z` wizrd iciqgd xetiqd.zixqenîzihwcic dznbne zixihq dpi` ef mzxeqn excg l` miax migxe` zegkepa zianet dlin zixa zaiqnn miipyd oia zenird oi` df cnrna.dnxra xecgl eicinlze l"aix egilvd eil`y,wicvd ly inihpi`d dxteqy,ziciqgd oexkifd zxeqn.eicinlze l"aix,wicvd wx ea migkepe,miciqg l"aix ly eznkga mpn` dcen 44,( ) dxieewqn wgvi 'x wicvd ly eitn zecizrd`exmby,izn`dmkgd`edwicvd:ixwirddgwlj`,(rxdldnkg`idy) :envra lykpy eteqe,jiadle liykdl dqip l"aix.gta l"aix z` litdl gilvn mbe xirl rqie eilbx zzk,mlera mqxtzp `l oiicryk,eixerp inia od`fpieerl a"ix dpd xy`ke.[eziaipa]a"aqpxtlemixrpmrcenllcnrndfi`myywal,aeyhicxa oiicr xizqd `ede,lecb gen lrae lecb ielir `ed ik my rceie,aeyhicxal `a xiab aeyhicxaa f` dide.jtidl e` 45 mirepvdzkn`edm`,ez`dnerci`leeiyrn xe`ipy'x lekiak glyy,my zhhevnd zelvpzdd zxbi`) 53-52'nr,(c"iyz) `,a,mrîrci.(`id ztiefn,dht`n iaxl ic`iln onlf.62'nr,glyazyxt,(16dxrd,lirl)l`xyiade` dlkydloezndeqgiz`oiivl`edoiiprdone,liaepx'vnikcxnwicvdlyepadidwgvi'x xetiqrinydwgvi'x.65dxrd,200'nr,(13dxrd,lirl)jaqafg`p,sq`e`x.milikynle yeaz `l ji`e jiyrn aihiz `l ji`') dgkezn wlgk dht`n iaxd ly 'ckp' ipfe`a df.zeilikyn zeihp lra `ed s` did `v`v eze` `nye,('jizea`n.mkxc miripvny zeevna miwcwcnde mixykd miyp`d on,xnelk

18 sq` cec eze`gwie,[miny`xie]y"iecaeknelecbxiyrdidy,qrwceiaildyn'x,lecb bltene ocnl `ed ik rciy zngn,lecb ceaka elv` dide 46.eipa mr cenll ezial.lecb f` dide.aeyhicxaa l"wevf `ht`n liyrd ryedi mdxa` 'x w"dxd didy oncfpe iyp` hxtae,miyp` daxd mikenqd mixtkde mixrd lkn evawzp ik,lecb yrx,xeriyoi`crlecbceakelewlgie,`ht`nw"dxdiptlawlmleke`aie.aeyhicxa.edenk lecb wicvl hxtae,zeipencw mipya bedpk aeygie.`ht`nw"dxdleyrylecbdceakdlredfdxacdlrod`fpieerls`xgie cenlawtqedl`ydfi`eze`l`yiyepiid,eze`xrvie`ht`nw"dxdljliyeala `ht`nw"dxdikaygik.eze`xrvidfae,elaiydldnrci`l`nzqne,dxezd yiiaiye`xixy`kegenz`evvximiciqgdik,eytpl`ximpn`.lecbocnlepi`.zeixfk`zekneze`ekiemaxz` f`e,`ht`nw"dxdlv`melylawleicinlzmrjliyezrcaayiizd[oklr]k"r enk eil` xacl lkeie,mixg` miyp` my eidi `ly zra excgl eil` `eal d`xi ywaie.`ht`n w"dxd lv` mely lawl eicinlz mr `aie.dyr oke.dvxiy mey `le,`ht`n w"dxd xcga mcal eicinlze `ed didiy un`zdl e`xiy eicinlzn ipa eid eicinlz ik zngne.epevx eyriy miynyndn micinlzd eywaie.xg` mc` evn`zie.miynynd lv` df xac lwpa elrt `nzqn,l"pd ail dyn 'x xiabd.eicinlze od`fpieerl myl qpkp f`e.my eidy miyp`d lk axd xcgn e`viy miynynd r"`micwd,oiprexacdfi`elle`ylezrcaayge,melylawlaxdlaxwxy`ke `pngx] l"x zela` ipica od`fpieerln zg` dl`y l`yie `ht`n w"dxd[envr z`] `ede,zela`ipiprazg`dl`ycerell`yie.okeok`edoicdikelxn`ie.[olvl aiydod`fpieerle.zela`ipicamlek,zel`ydyye`dyngeze`l`yok.elaiyd,epeinca drh ik rcie od`fpieerl oiad el`d zel`ydn `linne [...] mlek lr el.lecboe`b`edikd`xik,zel`ymr`ht`nw"dxdlxrvlaygy zextqn epl recil cebipa cner,eizece` lr sqep rcin iz`vn `ly,df 'xiab' ly eiedif azk(169'nr,1960aia`lz,e,iprpk'czkixra,l`xyizextqzeclez)bxapiv'i.xwgnd xgeqd`eddfaq.( )oiihypiaexoehp` oiglndlyeaqziaadxendidl"aixik,g"twz dplie,l`xyia dcerz lr y`xn minzegd oia xkfpy,oiihypiaex oae`x likynde icexa,xalb) icexaa rleyîl`rxa micinlzd ipey`x oia did,(oehp` ly eia`) yxid,epae oae`x xind,ziqppit zekazqd xg`l,1830îa.(24 dxrd,243 'nr,[20 dxrd,lirl] ieypf`didy,yxidmbmdae,oiipna27)ezgtynipax`ymbeizeawraeezcz`oiihypiaex ryix`hqid] cp`lqex oyix`v oi` micneyn,bxeafpib 'y e`x ezexvpzd lr.(dyelyl a`e,oiihypiaex ziaa dxen `et` did l"aix 'nr,e"yz wxei eip,[a,g"q,wxree.yxidlymixirvdeig`z`cnild`xpke

19 dht`n iaxde l"aix zyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn,dyye`,dyngdikeziaad`xf`e.ezialod`fpieerlrqp,onfdfi`xeark,k"g` ik.l"xelv`mlekeid,mdnoicdell`ye,`ht`nw"dxdelaygyzelia`[ipic] mdilrla`zdljixvdidxy`eiaexwe[eziaipan]a"anmiyp`dyye`dyngezn zeceqi dpnn mixcrpy wx `l.zizextq dpigan mb zpiiprn ef ziqenlet zxeqn eznkg lr e` `zbeltd xa ly zipevigd ezefg lr mibirlnd,miipiite` 'dknpd' dkxcitlry`l`,(xekiyeux`dmr,xyaarwicvdz`x`iz,jklcebipa,l"aix) zipxezd ezpyny ine 'lecb ielir' eze` zx`zne likynl ceak zwleg s` `id.dxecq xweg ly ehr ixt d`xpd lkk `ed ziciqgd zxeqnd ly iecae xge`n leblb xetiq zeiytega iqtl` cair dht`n iaxd lr extqa.iqtl` wgvi dxetd zeciqgd zxyna dht`n iaxd yniy my,diaclenay q`i l` oileeay a'vicxan ewizrde df did `l iq`ia milikynd ilecbn cg`' iqtl` ixacl mipyd oia zepax eziallikyndayyn.miaxaeyiialywiaokle,'iciqgaxlyezxiganoevxray likynd.envr el erbp wicvdel`yyzela`dzel`y lkeoeq`edxwok`ik gkep likynd d`x' :iciqgd xewna s` dxkfp `ly zpiiprn dpwqn `et` wiqd inipep`d 48.'...adlpd eciqgl dide xzqpae dlbpa axd ly egeky 47.l"x?did izn - did m`e,did `l e` did e`dlinzixazcerqadidm`d?l"aixoialdht`nwicvdoiaybtndid`le`did lr-eybtpok`miipydikgipdlxyt`?miinrteybtpile`e?iaxdlyeziaa`ny?iznj`-ziciqgddqxbdmbezilikynddqxbdmbzenikqnjk (1822 ilei) a"twz fenz ycega a'vicxaa dht`n iaxd ly exewia lr zeiecr zeciqg ixetiq,l"pd) `"r bi-`"r ai,b"qxz xinehi'f,micngp mixetq,wipxwiv e"i iqpen,`,aivie zn` uaew ; 'nr,c"nyz milyexi,l`bp 'b zxecdn,liaepx'v z` 'seygl' mdizeax geka ik miciqgd zprh lr eblbl milikyn.(ely-cly 'nr,c"pyz `l` zecizre zexzqp ircei mpi` jka migilvny miwicvd,lxt sqei zrcl.mzeqpl miywand dlbn,lxt 'i e`x.ziciqg 'oiricen zyx' zervn`a mdil` ribny,mcwen rcinn mipefip.bnzxbi`,a"rfi,1819dpie,oixinh exewnz`oiiv`liqtl`.(ilydybcd) 'nr,(28dxrd,lirl)`ht`naxd,iqtl` dfxetiq.a'vicxaaxetiqdz` mwnnd'xg` gqep'lyeneiwxikfddxrdaj`,dfgqeply o`kmb)cvw'nr,(30dxrd,lirl)zeciqgdixeabn,onheblyextqaoklmcew`aedok` `edyecwyi`mpn`ik,[l"aix]gkeped`xf`':jkmiizqn`ede,(l"aixlyenyzxkfd`ll.'wegxnldtevzeidleadqqep'dgexikedht`naxd

20 sq` cec zr dze`ae dilecetay 'feai'fna f` xxebzd `ed 49.miiciqg zexewn dnka zeiexf eixewia lr mpn` reci.xef`d lk ipt lr dqext ezeknqy xecd iwicv owfl aygp xby,l"aix oial epia 'yibtdl' zexyt` lk oi` f` j` 50,okl mcew mb a'vicxaa,lirl xkfpy itke,(1823 ziy`x cr 1821 seqn) xzeid lkl miizpyk a'vicxaa miipyd oia ybtnd ik `et` d`xp 51.inewn xiab ly eziaa d`xedn my qpxtzd.cala34oaf`didl"aixeli`e,74oaf`diddht`nwicvd.a"twzfenzaygxzd,'mi`txwnr'z`l"aixxaig,ezclenxiruipnxwleaeymr,oknxg`ldpyivg.milikyn eazky xzeia zeiqx`d zeiciqgîihp`d zexihqd on x`ezndy gipdl xyt`?eize`vezle (miybtnd e`) ybtnd okezl xy`a dn j` qenlet myl cv lka'eqieb' miybtnd.wiecn zeidln wegx zepeyd oexkifd zexeqna mby`l`,giyîecdlyizn`deaihz`xxallkepm`wtqywx`l.cbpkycvdmr zexeqnayxtzddayjxcd`l`envrrexi`depi`oiiprdcwen.llkdpyndfoi`,ziyi` zecr ik aeygl ep` milibx llk jxca:daeyg dpwqn cere.zepeyd oexkifd wx `l l"aix epiptly df dxwna mle`,dax zepnidnn zipdp,'my iziid' zpiga dlerepi`ezecrlydkxre,oiercrzpigaa`ed`l`,enezitlgiqndcreppi`y.zitxbeibdd ziciqgd zxeqnd ly dkxr lr ybtndy,zewdaen zeiqenlet zecnr jezn exvep oda oc df xn`ny zexeqnd izy lke,zeciqgd len dlkydd ly ibeviiîibeletih zenir ocicl `ed wicvl likynd oia opi`dl`ze`qxb.xg`dcvdlyepelyikz`eezezigpz`bivdlzywanodnzg` j`,wleg oi` eneiw lry rexi` :iqenlet oexkif ly zepey dxiqn zeielvtzd `l` 52.mixtqnd ly mnler ztwyda miielz eizeiernyne eipkz,eihxt 'c"`a [zlid]'w [d]'t izeid mein' :a"twz fenza `"ka a'vicxan glyy azkn lynl e`x z` mixikfn mixg` zexewn.(`w 'nr,my ;cv 'nr,q"yz milyexi,l`xyi ade`d zexb`) elawiy ax oend jeza,aeyhicx`aa xht`d zeiday':jix`z oeiv `ll j` a'vicxaa eixewia zg`edpdzg`,ziaajldeznirhxg`e.iipbcjiwrlzkizgey"iiqekeiptleaixwd,eipt jxevlaxmekquaiw';(13'nr,[28dxrd,lirl]aehoexkf,`cpl)'[...]`nfebxtiqe,dpd a'vicxaa zqpk zia zkepg ;(dp 'nr,e"pyz milyexi,l`xyi ade` hewli) 'lecb xac dfi` xzeizexge`nzexecdna;69'nr,q"xzdyxe,miwicvzpen`,[yxidiavoaacwgvi]d"aci),h"yrad xtq,(jxer) oenin odkd l"i,'l`eny hewli' ;('ycgd miciqg ldw' `ed xzekd ade`d zexb` e`x.apiyiwa wicvd did xak a"twz a` ycega.bvx 'nr,j"yz milyexi.dv'nr,my,l`xyi.(ekx'nr,my,l`xyiade`dzexb`)daxyxcnxtqldnkqdlra'vicxaamzgh"rwzfenza.qrwceiaildyndideny,(46dxrdljenq)lirlcziciqgdzxeqnditlr jaqa fg`p,sq` e`x ilikynîiciqgd xywda zeiqenlet oexkif zexeqnl zetqep ze`nbec.(ihbelet`e iqenlet oexkif) gztnd it lr,(13 dxrd,lirl)

21 dht`n iaxde l"aix zyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn dxezzxin`adht`nlydryedimdxa`iaxlyekxc:`gtqp zeiciqgd zexezd ly,zeyibxd xqge ipbrld,ilikynd xe`izd mr d`eeyd jxevl dfiax ly ekxcz`zx`zny,otecz`veizecr lrriav`dht`niaxdrinydy h"yradlyezlitzixe`izz`ce`nxikfndfxe`iz.epgleylrdxezzxin`zrya ziciqgd ziyilyd dcerqd ly miiwqhexbd mixe`izd z`e o`kn h"yrad igay xtqa dcerqd xe`iz mr d`eeyd 53.o`kn lal l`xyie aew`nn cec enk micbpzn iazka 54,eizepexkifa oenin dnly myxy itk,'uixfnn xra ac'x cibnd ly exvga ziyilyd izladyeaibaodycewdgexzbydlyzihhqw`ddwihwxtaodzeikyndlrzcnln erinydymiixwn`xwniweqtsexivlyjxcaoia,dyxcdipkezlyy`xnopkezn xdefd xtqn mii`xw` mirhw zepyxt ly jxca oia ('uixfnn cibnd lv`) migkepd 'x wicvd,eia` itn ae'vkeqn odkd ryedi 'x myx zecrd z`.(dht`n iaxd lv`) :'feai'fna ezeida lyd ryedi mdxa`'x l` rqpy,( ) wqehletn odkd xfrl`,xedhd oglyd lr yecwd ey`x gipde,lrnn gexd eilr gepz dcerqd rvn`a od dhpie,ze`xep zerepz dyre,xne lecb lewa wreve ddeke,oglyd on exfg k"g`e dni`,yecwdoglydaiaqmiayeidmrdlke.ynneilbxcrhrnkeixeg`ly`xd lr `qkd mr [melye qg] e"g leti `ly ecgte ecxge,mdilr ltp dlecb dkiyge,oifxc oifx,dxez ixzq x[e]n`l ligzde.dcear aexn eizegk qt`y zngn,eizwxtn elew mixde 55.y`citlkeaxwaxreaeiptelecbzeadlzdaxn`eyecwdeitgzte,l`xyi yecw mr,miaed` erc' :[oeyld efa] l"dfa yecwd eita xn`e zeadlzda,dxeabdzepigalrdxenl`nyd ewae,micqgdzepigalrdxenalayoinidewy yecwdetkafg`,'cqg'zlnyecwdeitn`vixy`ke.'zx`tzlrdxenrvenndewae eitn `viyke,l`nyd cva etka fg` 'dxeab' zln yecwd eitn `viyke,oini cva oinideway,izeaxerc':mdlxn`jke.aldrvn`aeitkafg`'zx`tz'zaizyecwd.'dad`lrdxenalayl`nydewae,d`xidlrdxenalay.317, ,77'nr,a,(1 dxrd,lirl) micbpzne miciqg,iwqplie rten' ly beqk wicvd ly dxezd zxin` lr.144 'nr,(29 dxrd,lirl) oenin dnly iig mlerd zngln axr cre dziy`xn dizexeze dizeclez:liaepx'v zeciqg,aiby'b e`x'izeaxz 'nr,r"yz,aia` lz zhiqxaipe`,xehwec zcear,dpey`xd,ey`xgipneey`xmiwn,xcprhqdlrey`xdide':h"yradlyezlitzixe`izlz`flkeeyd zerepz zeyrl ligzde';(88'nr,[29 dxrd,lirl] h"yrad igay)'minrt dnk gipne miwn mivexeide,ux`lleti`lymlerde`xie,eikxaljenqey`x`aycreixeg`ldgyy,ze`xep [h"yradly]eiptauivdeqrvewsl`eeiaxciqgd`ae';(92'nr,my)'eze` crqlefeg`l.(85'nr,my)'micitlk zexrea dpde

22 sq` cec 56,bdpndmydidokik)yecwdxdefdncg`xn`neiptlxn`iy xfegdl dev k"g`e dev wx,yxcndn e` xdefdn mixn`nd yecwd eitn envra xn` `l l"vf epiaxy yxti `ede,yecwd epiax iptl `xwi `edy,eliv zgz mittezqny miciqgdn cg`y.(xn`nd xn`nd milyd xy`ke.zexwl mrtd cer dev,xn`nd xn`l xfegd milydyk dpde mgxi 'cycr,cvlknxbeqnexebqdfdxn`nd':dyecwdl"dfaxn`,minrtipy.'eixealrdfdxn`ndlryexitdyxtllke`y,ipirxi`ieialz`gztieilr ceryecwdelewmixdzexinfdxg`e,zexinfobpiycg`obpnldevjkoiaejkoia xyeideoicd cvnepgp` miaiegn,ipgly lr`axn`nd xy`k' :l"dfaxn`emrtd izl`ye)'cngpyexitdfdxn`ndlrxn`lip`aiegnj`.mwixxn`ndgipdl`ly aiyde,dzid xdefdn xn`n dfi` il xn`iy,l"vf [iaxe ixen ia` ipec`l] e"n``l 57.('dfdmeidcryexitdlkexn`ndlkizgky':il diqexae divilba l"aix icecp lr edyn:a gtqp da epc miax micnelne,zxeegn dppi` mipya l"aix ly eicecp zpenz 58 jenq.ei`eyip mr xar dil`y,lieeic`xa xxebzd 1816Îa cer ik reci.y`x caeka divilbazepeymixriptlreicecpalgdelieeic`xz`afr,ezy`nyxbzddfonfl,divilbay letepxha mb ile`e icexaa zetilg l"aix xxebzd zr dze`a.diqexae zekiiy dl` mixr eid milikynd ly mhan zcewpn.diqexay uipnxwae a'vicxaa ziivga jexk did mewnl mewnn xarnd lreta j` 59,zg` zilikyn 'dwilaetx'l.jkn ernzydy miildpnd mileaxqd lk lr leab cec mb eizeawrae) l"aix ly oey`xd ixard sxbeiad,(d"tyi) oiwqir l`xyi ixacl "gcpd"a miic"ag miaihen',[oiiycpen] oepal c"i :e`x) c"ag zeciqga giky 'xfeg' gpend oilwexa,mixfegd ini ixac qxhpew; 'nr,[`"nyz] 16,zepyxte zxewa,'oepbr i"yl iazk,dbez dgny zixg` mixetiqa e`x j`) ef zeciqgl uegn xken epi`y hrnke,(e"qyz xken ilcpn iazk lk,mipade zea`d ;`k 'nr,j"yz aia` lz,dfext :oecxeb ail dcedi mirhw xgead cinlzl `id o`k dpeekd,jynda xaqenk.(l-gk'nr,e"kyz aia` lz,mixtq.wicvd iptl mx lewa mze` `xewe(mixg` mixtqn mb ile`e) xdefd xtqn mii`xw`.5'nr,(29dxrd,lirl)zea`urqxhpew,j"`xdniyecig.34dxrd,lirle`x,`paec,ic`xa,epzldwl miaexwde[uipnxw] epzldwa milikynd oia dlecb dwrv idze':eeyd.(8'nr,b"qxz dyxe,l`rxfi,oefpieel a"i)'dnecke aeyhicxra,bxranrl

23 dht`n iaxde l"aix zyibt lr iqenlet oexkif zexeqn icexaa dkex` zedy xg`l 1817Îa ezcled xir uipnxwl l"aix ay 60,(oefpzp xra afreitlkzinewnzecbpzdlya.(leabdixaripynj`,eflefzekenqmixrdizy) mixgeqdcg`ndny`ealyxcpik',a'vicxalxaredpydze`auipnxwz`l"aix 61 l"aix.'eitndxezzgwle`axy`dl`lkldpeazjxcezrcdxedmymbe,milecbd 63.uipnxwl ay 1822Îa wxe 62,oi'vlehoebk,diqexazetqepmixriptlrmbf`ccp dnonf,1823îauipnxwlxfgl"aixikoiivedfjex`izoefpzpowizzxge`ndqxba jxconcfdekxcae,oi'vlehlrqpdpyxeark.dpykdaxbea'vicxalxaroknxg`l 64.epenx`a uiw oern oiihypbhie jiqpd el dvwd my,dwpin`w dxiirl dxwn ik gikede Îa uipnxwl l"aix ly ezaiy zexyt` z` lly bxapiv l`xyi `iaddl`mipyaokenk.zeaxjklzei`xd mipyambicexaaxb`ed lxtsqeilyextqziaad`xedzepigaxars`e,divilbamixtqipyqetcll"aix zeticxn l"aix laq,1820îa dil` ribd `ed bxapiv zrcly,uipnxwa 66.letepxha 67 eixnylrhwy`lo`kmb.a'vicxal xare dpy dze`a cer Dafr okle,miciqgd miqqean mde,(20 dxrd,lirl e`x) 1863Îa cibnd oezira mikynda eqtcp d"tyi ly eixn`n zrd azka mipya enqxtzdy,xpfied onlw z`n mixn`n ly ziqexn mebxz lr dpey`xd mrta qtcp (20 dxrd,lirl) oefpzp xaigy zepexkfd xtq.(oeiv) Сioú ziqexa mey`ladfablrdfmiaaebnmiazknezericilylb':xpfelwexicbdoicae,1876îadyxeea.(30-29'nr,b,[15 dxrd,lirl] dixehqid,xpfelw)'xeciqe dpgad.10-9'nr,(20 dxrd,lirl) zepexkfd xtq,oefpzp.385,365'nr,c"kxzelqka`"k,c"i,(20dxrd,lirl)zeclez,d"tyi dplie,mipn`pldty,oiti"ymbe`xe;11-9'nr(20dxrd,lirl)zepexkfdxtq,oefpzp;my.152'nr,`"nxz oefpzp a"c ly ehr ixt mebxz edf) 'nr,(m"xz-h"lxz) c,lnxkd,'l"aix zeclezl'.(mirax`d zepya l"aix mr cciizdy iqex mkg,oial` `"t mqxty ziqexa oexkif xn`nn xra wgvi 'x oe bpeaöxyraîqprarl ic' exn`na df jex`izl oefpzp xfg xzei xge`n.124'nr,(g"nxz) `,wrdh`ilaiaîqwl` ryicei ic,'od`fpieerl.12'nr,(34dxrd,lirl)xteqdlky`extqaqtcpf"rwzzahaicexaal"aixxaigyxiy,oepal iyxy,oefpieel a"i) h"rwz oqip yceg y`xa icexaa mzgp'xrqod mw' xvwd exn`n `ed,qknd gel' oextqd z` aeal cily deewle'fa l"aix qitcd 1819Îa.(195'nr,`"xz dplie mebxz-'`iqexzlynnzgzleabdcilrxy`qkndizalkleminiseglklllekdsix`h ly extq z` aeala qetcl `iad 1820Îa ;eiwege qknd itixrz ly yiciil ziqexn ehr ixt,uk e`x.(t"wz bxanl) 'oxyi lr oey`xd jlnd le`y zkeln',uieelt`xhn izxt`d sqei dnzgp letepxha xtqd zian dxend zcerz.269 'nr,(7 dxrd,lirl) milikyn zexb`,'ryx`ee oi` zelcyyd rhp`w`ane` o` qp`fpieerl xra wgvi',iwv`y 'i) 1820 xanvca.36'nr,b,(15 dxrd,lirl) dixehqid,xpfelw e`xe,(84-81'nr,[1932] 4,xrhrlaÎ`eeii (1857) f"ixz zpy idlya enzgpy,'htyndîml`'a ª l"aix ixaca dxe`kl riizqn df jex`iz xirl `iqexl iz`ae ic`xa xir izafr,mipy raye miylyk il df') 18 dxrd,lirl epecipe.dfjix`zmiiwlzexyt`oi`o`kgkedyitkj`.('.a

24 sq` cec 68,1823Îa wx.dilecetay oi'vlehae aexinpa jk xg`e,oileeay `dxhqe`a xxebzde?ixiwi il oin`zd':1853în eazkn gikeny itk,uipnxwl l"aix xfg,ixixre dleg,rrepzdllke``l,a`eke ipr ip` dpy miyly df ik,miaxjleciridflre jledippd,igkaxykencerd`x`ik,dpyamicgeinminiawxe[...]irevixeny` zia meya cer iziid `l mdicrlae,izian micrv dnk izepkya miayeid dl` icicil 69.'dpy miylyk df ixyt` eixacl.elyn mdilr siqede mpwiz,eincew ixexia lr jnzqd xpfelw sqei cr xb mye icexal ay jk xg`e,1817îa uipnxwl zg` mrt xfg l"aixy xacd.'divil`blcerxefgl`lyzpnlrmrtd',uipnxwll"aixxfgdpydze`a ezeaxrzdlya`l`miciqgdzeticxlya`lxpfelwzrclj`,mewnaekx``leini,( ) miizpy da ige dpy dze` jynda a'vicxal xar `ed.dlidwd ipiipra 71 l"aix xxebzd 1823 uiwa.oi'vlehae aexinpa,`dxhqe`a mb xen`k xb okldnay seqa wx.dlg mye oi'vlehl xfg 1823 sxegae,dwpin`wa oiihypbhie jiqpd oenx`a 72.uipnxwa ezial ay 1824 zligza e` 1823 :mixg` miax mipezp micner dl` mikix`z cbpk mipy ynge mixyrn':l"aix xird,(1843) b"xza mzgpy,'oexhhn' exeaig y`xa.` deed 73.'izclenxiruipnrxwxirdpdiz`ae,ic`xaxirizafrxy`mein,dzrcr ;uipnxwl icexan xfg 1818 aiaq,xne` uieelt`xhn izxt`d sqei ly extq z` aeala qetcl l"aix `iad 1820Îa.a epiidc 74,'w"tl t"wz zpy eilqk ycega' uipnxwa dnzgp ezncwd.'le`y zkeln' ;1819 seq 75 ;(1818/19) h"rwza uipnxwa mzgp,l"aix xaigy xvw yexit,'mixry E`U'.b oiiv,(1850xanvca31)`"ixzzahae"kn,dplieenoitsqeil`enylazkna.c.9dxrd,311, 'nr,e,(46dxrd,lirl)zeclez,bxapiv.(ily dybcdd) 109'nr,(20 dxrd,lirl) zepexkfd xtq,oefpzp.36'nr,b,(15 dxrd,lirl) dixehqid,xpfelw xy`k','`piixwe` fegna oiyhleh xira eizwzrd' :l"aix ly eizexrd zeqgiizn ef dtewzl 'aeyhicxrae aexnrp,oiyhleha dxez icnel dnk mkezae miax miyp` cbp ianeta izi`xd.(327'nr,h"vwz dplie,dcedi zia,oefpieel).40-38'nr,b,(15 dxrd,lirl) dixehqid,xpfelw.43dxrd,36'nr,my,xpfelwe`xe;dxrda,26'nr,(17dxrd,lirl)mzegigezt,oefpieel mipya zigxfnd divilb ixrn dnk ly iqexd yeaika mixeyw l"aix icecpy xriy xpfelw zia,oefpieel mb e`x.(xxteqn `l)'likyn `xew l`',(66 dxrd,lirl) le`y zkeln,izxt`d.dxrda,ehwwxt,282'nr,(71dxrd,lirl)dcedi.10-7'nr,(37 dxrd,lirl) wgvi x`a,oefpieel