?"il` 'dl in" edizzn xn` ok` m`d

Transkrypt

1 onle` dix` x"c?"il` 'dl in" edizzn xn` ok` m`d fè,"!il`'dlin":(ek,alzeny)fixkdèdlbrddyrnz`dynd`xxy`k drcddvetpzexecxak.lbrlmieegzyndzèbxdmde"ielipalkeilètqìe" dk efddrcde,"il`'dlin" cxndzligzafixkdi`penygdedizznmb ditly.dil`n zpaenk zqtzp ìdy cr zgeex...`pwie edizzn uexie" :aezk (`pdk mebxza) fk-ck,a ` miawnd xtqa la` edizzn `xwie.èlq oa ixnfl qgpit dyr xy`k dxezl `pwie...dnad lr edgafie oeyld rahn; 1 "ixg` jli zixaa cnerd dxezl `pwnd lk xen`l lecb lewa xira zengln"a. 2 llkxkfen`ledizznamiawndxtqa.myxn`p`l'il`'dlin' la`,edizznlydxeabddyrnlrxteqn(`,`)qeiee`ltqetqeiz`n"micedid xetiq àen(oecpel i"k it lr,b"ixz `yxe)"qekeihp` zlibn"a.ezìxw zàen `l iza,wpili)`gqep"dkepgyxcn".z`fddìxwd`llokmb,ixnblxg`dngln `ll(!jk)i`penygoamredizznlyezaièyipxetiqz`xtqn(excgzeyxcn ìan(`xcgzeyxcniza,wpili)agqep"dkepgyxcn"mbe,znqxetnddìxwd xtqy mb oiivp.dìxwd z` xikfn epiè (!jk) i`penyg mr edizzn zgiy z` "qekeihp` zlibn"mb jk,dynl `leqgpitledizzn z`dncn l"pd`miawn d`pw i`pw ic xfrl` xa qgpit"l edizzn ly epa xfrl` z` dncn (dp weqt) edizznyjklminecwdl`xyiinkgiazkaxewnmeyoi`,okm`."l`xyilafiye."il`'dlin"xn` oetiqei. 3 oetiqei xtqa - cg` wizr xewna wx `vnp "il` 'dl in" iehiad cxnl cr ipyd ziad ztewza l`xyi mr zeclez z` x`zn zixewnd ezqxba ixrn zgà(dxitql 953 zpy) mipe`bd ztewz idlya d`xpk xaeg xtqd. 4 lecbd :oetiqei ly ze`gqep dyely miniiw,xqelt cec'text gikedy itk.dilhi` mexc ly ixard xewnd.xewndepliayaèdy,wizripeeimebxzawxeplreciède,xnzyp`l`miawnxtq cxnl miixwird miitxbeixehqidd zexewnd lr,uxey lìpc :d`x zexewnd ziira lr 'nr,e"pyz,i`penyg zia ini.mzpicnle mi`penygd oeyll dincwà zixard oeyld ly ixehqidd oelind lrtna `vnpy xnegd mb wcap.dwizrd zextqd xecn,zixard xken oetiqei xtq;zagxend dqxba jk xg` etqep miipiad ini icedi zeclez lr mixetiqd.z`fd dxeva llk jxca oeilb ß[a,cp] c"ryz zah,oirnd 22

2 cliyhex ci azk,wxeiîeip ci azk,1282 zpyn milyexi ci azka `vnp) ` gqep `ly dlebd xe`n dcedi x"a meyxb epax ly on`pd cid azk lr qqeand (cere zxecdnae owihe i"zka `vnp) zvwna xvewnde caernd a gqep,epicil ribd iptl) xtqd xeaig ixg` dpy miiz`nk jxra jxrpy agxend b gqepe,(daehpn z`mvraazk"`l`mecwdgqepdz`wizrd`lbgqepjxer. 5 dilhià(1161 mrh itl miycg mixetiq siqed sè,eizetwyd itle enrh itl ycgn xtqd zxecdn dqtced dfd iyilyd gqepd jnq lr. 6 "miipiad ini ly zinnrd zextqd zxecdn) h"id d`nd seq cr xtqd zexecdn lk eqqazd dilre,`pihphyew xnzyp`gqepeliè, 7 b"rxzzpycragqepz`dxnyydcigiddziiddaehpn. 8 (ci iazka wx ixrlkaepadcediz`[edizzn]glyie":xzeiaon`pd`gqepaaezkjk,okae 9 "!ilìilineinrmkain:xn`lxzqadcedi xicddeze`mb)milyexiciazka. dxni` ìanbgqep. 10 "il` iiiline,inmka in":zvwna dpeydqxibd (xqelt i"k - ` gqep ly cg` ci azka la`. 11 "il` iil ine ii `xi mka in" :zagxen 12 egayn envr xqelt xy`(1674 xlc`) wxeiîeip inrmkain":izedniepiy`vnp- (daehpnzxecdn,owihei"k)agqepmbdflaexwe, 13 "il`"zlin`ll-"iiline :dxvwjxcaxwgpdiehiadz`yxtnxqeltmpn`. 14 cala"iilmkain"qxeby dilre,ek,alzeny-oeyld.(oiricenazeybpzdixg`)fk,a`mi`penygd`x" `pwnd lk" iehiady gipn èd jkae, 15 "` mi`penyg xtq ixac mb miqqean gxkd oi`j`."il`'dlin" gqepldyrnl ddf"ixg`jli zixaacnerd dxezl ze`qxibdz`yxtlxyt`;agqepaewxeieipciazkadqxibyeaiymiiwygipdl mixg` zenewnl diptdk `l` - zeny xtqa dyn ly iehial fnxk `l dl`d xtqxagnyyibcdlaeygjklrsqep.(gi,fmihtey)"oercble'dl"lynl,`xwna ìvnd èdy al ikyen mihxta zerxe`nd xeìz z` oeebn zeaexw mizrl oetiqei.46'nr,`"nyz,wilìacqen:milyexi.ajxk,xqeltcecjxr,oetiqeixtq.25'nr,èan,my.143'nr,` wlg,a"txz,dyxè,zil`xyid ìxehqdd zextq,mdxa` `pdk.46'nrmyoetiqeixtq.76'nr,7-8zexey,fhwxt`jxkmyoetiqeixtq only fkxn:milyexi.xqelt cec jxr,milyexi ci azk meliv,ixewnd gqepd,oetiqei xtq.bb80'nr,h"lyz,xfy.45'nr,o"xz,dyxe.oetiqei xtq.19'nr,ajxk,xqeltcecjxr,oetiqeixtq.277'nr,my.148'nr,` wlg,a"txz,dyxè,zil`xyid ìxehqdd zextq,mdxa` `pdk.8dxrd,76'nr,`jxkmy,oetiqeixtq oeilb ß [a,cp] c"ryz zah,oirnd

3 myl "il`" dlind z` siqed ` gqep ly miwizrnd cg`y mb okzie, 16 envra.dxezd hqwha xetiqd zfig` dxn`p"il`'dlin"zìxw.`.miaeygmiweicipylalmiylepgp`miaiigo`k cxnd oetiqei itl.qetilit zerxt xeìza,oiricena dyrnd iptl oetiqei it lr mr lrn oecwen ieb ler wextp":qetilit ly ezeixfk`l zecbpzdn ligzd ine`ld 18 jynda xèzn oiricena xy` gafnd dyrn. 17 "dcedi,cxnl dlir ynyn `le oetiqeia zqgein eply dìxwd.a.melk edizzn fixkn `l dfd dyrnd xeìzae ezencdxvepokm`cvik.(edizznlyeznfeiaikm`) dcedil `l` edizznl `l bexddoeeizndlyezteblr"il`'dlin"fixkndi`penygedizznlyznqxetnd?oaxwd aixwn dìxwdz`.dwegxjxcdedizznl"il`'dlin"qegiicroetiqeinyd`xpokè `le, 20 oiqgeixtqazekfn"x`le, 19 dlawdxtqaixi`ndepiaxìan`lz`fd mb, 23 qiie `le, 22 'zexecd xcq'a oixtliid lìgi iax `le, 21 'cec gnv'a fpb cec iax zexec'a.jk lr dlin oi` 24 dkepg lr mixaca"wgvi cgt" zicedid dictelwivpà zekln zligz ly xeìz llk `vnp `l ield wifii` wgvi iaxl 'mipey`xd, 27 "jex`d"e 26 "xvwd" aepaeca mbe, 25 uxb ly minid ixaca mb j`,mi`penygd xetiqlcigidxewnd.llkxkfen`l'il`'dlin'oiipr 29 lq`we 28 onley lv` mbe minid ixac" uari a`f iax rcepd icedid oeixehqidd ly extq èd epinia laewnd èdgxaie,"il`'dlin":lecblewa`xwedizzne":azekèdjk."l`xyiipamrl. 30 "...my xf`zd ornl dxacnd ligd iyp`'d i`xi lke eipae zxecdna a jxk ly 161 'nra oetiqei xagn ly bltend epeincl ze`nbec ìan xqelt.zxkfpd `"nyz.77'nrmy,oetiqeixtq.77-78'nr,22-35zexey,fhwxt`jxkmy,oetiqeixtq.65'nr,a"pyz,cplailw±milyexi.dlawd xcq,ixi`nd dnly x"a mgpn iax.16'nr,`"lxz,`yxe.oiqgei xtq.28'nr,g"lxz,`yxe.cecgnv.195'nr,a"nxz,`yxe.zexecd xcq.108'nr,(1871-dpey`xddxecdnd)c"txz,oilxa.`wlg,eiyxecexecxec.`"rcnsc-a"rbnsc,bjxk,g"pwz,ìvipie.wgvicgt,ihpextnlwgviiax.graetz H., Geschichte der Juden. Leipzig, Dubnow S. Die jüdische Geschichte: ein geschichtsphilosophischer Versuch / autorisierte.übersetzung aus dem Russischen von J.F Berlin : S. Calvary, 1898 Dubnow S., Weltgeschichte des jüdischen Volkes: von seinen Uranfängen bis zur.gegenwart. Berlin: Jüdischer Verlag, [ ].g"kxz,dplie.mizrde mc`d ipa zeclez:mler ini ixac xtq,onley onlw.45'nr,e"nxz,`plie.xrpc`xcecmbxz,oexyimrzexew,lrqq`wcec.82'nr,a"pxz,dyxè.iriaxwlg,l`xyiipamrlminidixac oeilb ß[a,cp] c"ryz zah,oirnd 24

4 'zizxeqn' daeyzk azkp "l`xyi ipa mrl minid ixac" xtqy aeygl laewn lk jenql,zxeqnlon`pddlkyddyi`,uariaxdlyekxc. 31 uxb lymixtql llk jxca mi`penygd cxn zyxta- mirecie mipn`p zexewn lr exeaiga dcaer lirlhhevyhtyndz`la`;cereziprzzlibn,qetqeiiazk,miawndixtqlr (daehpnzxecdn)aze`gqepaynzydldidlekiuari.xewnoeiv`llìanèd dxin`dz`gwlèdygipdl`l`xzep`le,oetiqeixtqly(zexecdnx`y)bîe jke,miawndxtqnrcindmrhqwhdzàxire`vnydnz`dpiyj`mynefd.dycgd zxeqnd dxvep,[uari ly extq ly] iyingde iriaxd mikxkd ipy"y ìd zlaewnd drcd mpn` ìad uxby dl` lr zeixehqid zecaer mitiqen mpi`,ipyd ziad ztewza mipcd zexec" lra,ield wifii` wgvi 'x mb. 32 "micedid zeclez ly liawnd jxka,uxbixaclrmiiepamceqiampdeixaclk":xtqdzè`xewixgàzk,"mipey`x zextqdn rcind z` sxvl bdp uari mpn`. 33 "dpey oepbqd wx,xbiib mbe qiie ixac xxal":ezxhn z` x`zn èd jk.zircnd dixehqidd i`vnn mr zizxeqnd [...] ziniptd epnr zextq jezn[oey`xd ziad ini ixg`] mdixg` miàd minid miwizrd,xkpd ixteq ixace ;epiniîixacl sxevnle xewnl epzextq z` ziyle uariy jk lr fnex exwgnal`kin oae`x. 34 "mièlinl wx il eid `l,miycgde ce`ngaiyjk.zxeqndmrxzeidaehdn`zdmylminieqnmihxtzepylbdp d`xe(iqex dc) minec`d on dixfr iax miipiad inin icedid oeixehqidd z` uari ly hqwhd zxewiaa ynzyd minec`d on dixfr ixde,ekiynnk envr z` dnk owiz sè zibelelitd dpigadn ze`gqepd z` deeyd,zeicedid zewipexkd. 35 mipy iaeyiga zenewn jeznd`xpk,mi`penygdcxnxeìzaaliyydfèduaria`fyìddpwqnd xtq jezn gafnd cil edizzn dyrn- zexeqn izy,zeizextqe zeikepig zeaiq ektdehrixtne`viymixacde,oetiqeixtqn"il`'dlin"dìxwde`miawnd. 36 llkd zlgpl h"idd`ndidlya.zicediddrcezauarilyezqxbzehytzdz`x`zldqpp Dinur B.-Z., Yawitz, Ze ev, Encyclopedia Judaica, 1972, v.9, p, 1304; Gartner L.P.,. Historiography, Encyclopedia Judaica, 1972, v.8, p. 562,b"pyz,milyexi.dycgd zrd cr qpqpxdn zicedid zixehqidd daizkd,l`kin oae`x.441'nr wgvi 'x zexb`,(jxer) '` lkiix :a àen,g"qxz zpyn wihew onlf dnly 'x l` azkn 'nr,a"lyz,aia`îlz-milyexi.ield wifii` 'nr,e"vxz,aia`îlz.xyrîrax` jxk,l`xyi zeclez 'nr,l`kin did uariy"igxfn" zizcîzipeivd drepzd ixag oia xwira mivetp eid eixtqy gipdl yi".465'nr,l`kin."dpe`ha ly oey`xd jxerd mbe dicqiinn cg` oeilb ß [a,cp] c"ryz zah,oirnd

5 dfd ite`d. 37 ycg ipeiv bg oirn,"miawnd bg","mi`penygd bg"l dkepgd bg jtd ipya seqal efkexy zexiviae mixn`na,mine`pa,zeqna x`yd oia `hazd xecnd. 39 "dkepgd xtq"e 38 "micrend xtq"a "dkepg" jxk - milecb mitqe` lqtdlymelivde,"il`'dlin"milndz`xikfn`l 40 "micrend xtq"a"dkepg" [!] mrl in" zxzekd z` `yep (102 'nr) "micrend xtq"a 41 uy qixea ly recid yi`d, 42 ozeclènyitl.daiqjklyie,dpeyavnd"dkepgdxtq"ala`."!il` ziy`xa xak.oiwyiqe` mgpn èd ipeivdîine`ld bgd oeiav z` dkepgl ozpy èdjk.dfbglyzine`ldzernyndz`mraligpdldqipèdipeivlirtkekxc ixir ipa ebbgi [b"pxz] igkepd dkepgd bg z`" :1892 zpya mrdîcg` l` azek cg`,'oeiv oeiv'e'elld zexpd' exiyi miclid:xac lkl ine`l bgk[a`lqepixh`wi] l`xyi ux`n zepenz mdl d`x` ok ixgè dkepgc oiiprn mdiptl `xwi mixend.oiwyiqe` iazk zrtyda azkp"dkepgd xtq". 43 "dl`d zepenzd z` mdl xàè jnzqne miawnd zxeab ixekfà ieex èd,c"vxz zpya xe`l `vi dfd sqe`d xak ixard mebxza e`vi ` mi`penyg xtqn mirhw) miawnd xtq lr xwira dyelya.(dlkydd zligzn micedil yibp did xtqd zexg` zetyae, zpya `l mixeyw mlek la`,"il` 'dl in" xn`p df mitzzynîax sqeà zenewn. 45 zepneè zextq zexivil `l` miipxez e` miircn mixn`nl aeyiia,zepeiva miaknd qezine dkepgd bg:ine`l qezine izxeqn bg",ìgiîoec xfril` 'nr,d"qyz,yecigl zxeqn oia,"l`xyi zpicnae.c"iyz milyexi,a jxk micrend xtq,iwqpiel aeh mei.c"vxz aia`îlz,dkepgd xtq,(jxer) ixxd'g :ipeivdgiyadkepgdbg"oiwyazixe`y"nd`x"micrendxtq"adkepgdlydite`lr.38-50'nr,1998,61 mipnf,"'micrend xtq' itîlr. jxk,ditxbeia:oiwyiqe`,oiihycleb'i.`"qxz,xrielrtt`t'n:oilxa.mi`penyg xtqn 'nr,dkepgd xtq - iqexd lèpnr z`n "dkepgd qp" millvd oexhìzl dfgn.` izy) ( ) biacel ehe` z`n Die Makkabäer dfgnd on wlg.a ; xtq - "cxnd ziy`x" mya ocnl 'i ly ixar ceaira xe`l `viy (zepey`x zekxrn Ludwig, Otto, Die Makkabäer, ) xewna mpi` dl`d milind, 'nr,dkepgd ;ixard ceaira eqpked md la`( iawn z` bivnd(158 'nr len,dkepgdxtq) oiihyt` dcedi lyxeivl zxzek.b dxecdna`l,"il`'dlin"xeivdxkfen`loiihyt`lrwxtazexly"zicedidzepne`"a 'nr.(zpwezn dxecdn) e"pyz,zicedid zepne`d,qiwxp l`lva zkixra,zex q"a) zixard Roth, Cecil, Jewish Art: An Illustrated History, Revised) zilbp`d dxecdna `le (.166,"miawnd cxn" my dpekn dfd xeivd.(edition by B.Narkis, London p.222.zniiwd oxwd ly ziy`xd dkyld,dkepgl xneg) "zexe`" zxaega. Maccabeens oeilb ß[a,cp] c"ryz zah,oirnd 26

6 zewlgp ody dlbp,dpicnd znwd ztewz ly dkepgl dkxcdd zexaega oiirp m` e` eze` zecarnd dlè, 46` miawnd xtq z` zehhvnd dl` :zeveaw izyl in" edizzn ly eita dqipkn dpi` dpey`xd dveawd.xeviwa epkez z` zextqnd z` dìan"dkepg zlibn" zxaegd,lynl.xzei ziyteg diipyd dveawd."il`'dl axern gqep drivne,"xtqn mi`penyg xtq" zxzekd zgz hexhexta cxnd xetiq ixt,zi`nvr zegztzd epiptly d`xp."!il` - epiwl` zxezl in" :dìxwd ly,miawndxtqn"ixg`jlizixaacnerddxezl`pwndlk"lyoeeknizlaaeliy zxaegaf"hyzzpyaxake,e"yzzpyadazkpz`fdzxaegd."il`'dlin"lye il`'dlin:edizzn`xw":azkpzezcdcxynmrhnxe`ld`viy"dkepglmitc" zebda. 47 "!dreyzd 'dle - mit` zg` dkn mda zekdle epiaieà mglidl - zivgna 'il` 'dl in' dìxwd zeawr e`vnp `l dkepgd lr zicxgîzizcd zixa" ipeivîizcd xrepd oebx` z` mb xikfp. 48 mixyrd d`nd ly dpey`xd mwa`n lre mi`penygd zxeqn lr obtena jnqpe c"vxz zpya cqepy"i`penyg 49 "dreyzd'dl"(`l,`k)ilynxtqnmilindzèznqiqkxgaède,izcd `le z` llky dkepgd ly ine`ld epeiavy jka df z` xiaqdl ozip."il` 'dl in" xteqdazkyitke`,(`xirf'n)"ep`vn`lonygt,epldxw`lqp"zeie`hazdd etiv miqpl `l...mi`penygd ewtzqd zelitza `l" (oiwhie sqei) laaexf mixyrd d`nd ziy`xa qtzp, 50 "innrd ytegd cra ekty mnc z`...mipeixad.dkepg ly izcd ite`l hlgen cebipk bg z`zxywnìd.xeaivd zrcezaxdndyxzyddycgd zxeqnd,z`fmr lyekiynnki`penygdedizznlyezencz`zavrnìd,`xwndmrdkepgd ingelmrepinilyux`dipeaemivelgdz`ztxvnìde,dne`dbidpnepaxdyn."!il`'dl in" dìxwa xacnd xec i`pwe miawnd dpenz,miawnd cxn" zaezk mr z`fd dpenzd meliv qtcen (4 'nr,a"yz,milyexi dkyla xe`l d`vi z`fd zxaegd."zniiwd oxwd cxyna lvxd xcg z` zxhrnd ifkxnd xcga dpenzd z`xwp ji` erci dixicdn wtq `lle,zniiwd oxwd ly ziy`xd xtq" zpkd zxbqna wx dpenzd melivl dpzip dycgd zxzekdy d`xp.mpiipaay."dkepgd Printed in,dpyd `ll,"zepexg` zerici" oextq,miaknde mixe`d bgl hewli,dkepg.palestine dwlgnd z`ved,odkd ikcxn axd zkixra,zebdpne zekld,zexewn,dkepgl mitc.4'nr,f"hyz elqk,milyexi,zezcd cxyna izcd iedle dkxcdl.594,592'nr,ìgiîoec d`x.596'nr,ìgiîoec '` ly exn`na àen) a"rxz zah ai,11-12 zecg`d.(zepeirxd ixay) xkfi.laaexf.(lirl zexrda d`x,ìgiîoec oeilb ß [a,cp] c"ryz zah,oirnd