: okeza 2 3 8 25 39 45 60 61 64 65 73 90 95 107 II.......................jxerd/zeycgzd......... l"vfmieaqweasqeiaxd/'one`dnlyoekn'znwdl...... cleepx` dyn/ jxcay dpicnde l"vf iwqpiyec iav sqei axd oli`xale`yaxd/zixeaivdmzelirtoibadxezoiclxeaivixgapzcnrd....... lfiedix`axd/dhinydzevnmrhlydkldlzernynd....... onhiie a`f axd/ weeiyd zezyxa ziriay zyecwa zexit zexrde zeaebz... onqieoepiaxd/dxikndxzidoiipral"vf`pdkonlwaxdzrclr /'jingxeribixetivowcr'oiipracer...... uiytil mdxa`;cltpfex l`izewi x"c;biivpixb iyia` axd.. xpfielwcecxkyiaxd/'dgnymipadm`'lrxagndzeycwdlrcer ;dix` l`pzp axd;l`ix` awriaxd/ [zeaebz]'jycew zexvga zexpewilcde'. oclefdcediaxd;uiaewxaxi`naxd;exitqxfril`oerny'textaxd mdixteqe mixtq lr zxewiae dxiwq?l`xyia dixbped zecdi ly dixehqidd z` miazek cvik. [oihyaxt'`:daebz] xcplxae` jexa axd/'dixbped zelidw' xtqd lr............. xbvncecaxd/zeawpaemixkfadypdcib /i"zknzeycgzeaeyzizye,eizeclez-xfril`x"amiigxfril`iax....................... x`iexal`icr................. ohwl`eiaxd/zkxrnaelawzp.................... zilbp`amixn`ndxivwz m ialry zaiyi i"ry one` dnly oekn [213] boeilb,dpjxk Û d"ryz oqip,c"qa
zeycgzd diryi)'etrii`leekli,erbii`leevexi,mixwpmxa`elrigketilgi'difwe' Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ.'xareslgyxacdzxenz,xacdzeycgzdoipr`edgketilgi':w"cx.(`l,n,eizeevne zexigd bg z`xwl eiykr ycgzn l`xyi mr.ribd aia`d yceg l`dlitzedewzae-enryd`lndqekdivglr'dlîdicedaewetiqalkzqn zqpka mb iehia icil d`a zeycgzdd.da `lnzdle jiyndl cer jixvy dn.dkxale daehl eidi odiyrne odizeipkeze oakxdy'd ozi - miycgd dlynnae z` wfgie,l`xyi zpicn ly divreie dixy diy`xl ezin`e exe` z` 'd glyi.mdipeeblklrxeaivdzbdpday'dieewlkoiazerxdedeeg`dedlertdseziy ziygen zeycgzdd,mialry zaiyi ci lry'one` dnly oekn' iyp`,eplv` crcqndneyecigllky,xar`edysiwnduetiydixg`oekndzial`epay- dkfpy mieewne,efd zeycgzdd lr mler ly epeaixl micen ep`.ezagxde zegthd ep`.elek dxezd mler zlrezl,xecida mniiqle mligzdl,miax mixtq `ivedl miriiqny zeaxzd cxyna miipxez xwgn ipeknl sb`d iyp`l z`fa micen,minid lk dcecire dzxfr lr zagxend one` zgtynl,eze` mieelne oeknl icicil mler oexkifl,eceqiin oeknd dqeg dlivay mialry zaiyi ildpne iy`xle.c"idone`dnly'xyecwdxrepn sqei axd `ypy mi`ltp mixaca gzet,ziqgi 'cak'd,'oirnd' ly df oeilib dnlyl oey`xd oexkifd meia,'milyexi oekn' ly ey`xe ecqin,l"vf mieaqwea lyezencz`cleepx`dynx`znjynda.zexecljxrmdlyiymixac,one` zcgeind zixeaivd ezelirte,zicxgd dcrd ly dax,l"vf iwqpiyec axd mzeixg`a oc oli` xa le`y axde,dpicnd znwd z`xwly minia zpfe`nde.zixeaivd mzelirta dxe`klîenxb mdy zelwz lr xeaiv ixgap ly ziyi`d oke,df oeiliba mi`aen dhinya dklde dtwyd ipiipra miaeyg mixn`n ipy oevx idie.mixteqe mixtq ipiipra miaeyg mixexiae,mcewd oeilibd lr zeaebz.zlrezl mixacd eidiy LOr im `xiyîl`' :l"pd ediryi ixacl jynda l`xyil 'd zghada miiqpe,`n)'iwcvoinialiyknys`liyxfrs`liyvo`,liwl`ip`imrywyl`,ip` Ÿ.d`xpe digpe dkfpy.(i,gnyexykzexigbg jxerd 2
l"vf mieaqwea sqei axd * 'one` dnly oekn' znwdl dilrye,l`xyia dxez ly dneiwl ceqid `idy,dxeza weqrle cenll daegd dxividz`dciledy`id,onflkaemewnlkamrdiaeheilecbmytpz`exqn ly zipgexd dxivid dcya dl dnec oi` xy` dxivid ef,zx`etnd zizxezd oi`e,dzeipgexjefadldnecoi`,zizeki`ddznxadldnecoi`-dlekzeyep`d zizxezd dxivid mle`.zizxezd dxivid `id dcigie zg`.dzeigvp ceda dl dnec,cenillmxebmb`idzizxezddxivid-dxezawqrdecenildlyd`vezwxdpi` mdixeftl l`xyi iveaiw ly zipgexd dixehqidd.dxeza wqrl daiq mb `id zipxezd dxivid oia ipbxe`d xywd z` zirnynîcg dxeva dgiken mdizexecle jld zizxezd dxivid dwqt mda mipnfae zenewna- dxeza wqrde cenild oiae mze`a xvw onf jez eribd jk i"re,ixnbl mlrp ik cr dxezd cenil mb ylgpe lka l`xyi ilecb egxhe elnr okl.dzaifrl dpnne,dxezd zgky icil zenewn,dcecirle zipxezd dxivid zxabdl mzeyxl ecnry mikxcd lkae mirvn`d.onfd i`pzl m`zdae mewnd i`pzl m`zda ce`n cr exab epxeca oky,df ghya epxec lr zlhen zltekne dletk daeg zepzlrtd ce`n dxab jkl sqepa jci`ne,zeipxezîihp`d zenbnde zeti`yd,dibelepkhde rcnd ighya,miipeligde miixnegd mighya diiyrde dxivide lye zizxezd dxivid ly dzezigp.cere ziybxde zipeirxd zextqd inegza zeaky axwa dcnrnae dxezd ceaka dpey`xae y`xa zeyw zrbet da zepzlrtd s` ile`e,dxez ilde`l mixdepd mxf z` dlilcn s` epxrvle,mrd ly zeax.mda mittezqnd ly mgek z` dyilgn iptl cqepy,'milyexi oekn'.segce ipeig gxek `id zipxezd dxivid zxabd dnly ly oey`xd oexkifd meia mialry zaiyi ly yxcnd ziaa exn`py dtîlray mixac zaiyi i"r 'one` dnly oekn' znwd ixg` micg` miyceg,b"nyz oeiqa h"i,c"id one` ly uetiyd meiq ceakl'oirnd' ly df oeiliba mi`aen mixacd.'milyexi oekn'e mialry zpicn ly zeaxzd cxyn reiqa,el` minia mialry zaiyia 'one` dnly oekn' zia eqtcpe mirneyd cg` i"r enyxp mixacd.mitqep minxeze zagxend one` zgtyn,l`xyi o`klewzrpmdmyne,5-9'nr11'lib,b"nyzmialryzaiyi,'`tiiql`xtqn'zxaega eldpne ecqiin,(f"qyz-b"yz) l"vf mieaqwea sqei axd.zexrd xtqne milw mipewiz mr ly mkixcn,dyrne dyer,epxeca mikxerde mixicdnd ilecbn did,'milyexi oekn' ly,zexecl miipxezd mixtqd zxcdd ipt z` epiyy miircnîmipxez mixwege mixicdn ze`n.w"ijxerd.one`zgtynlycicieokydide * 3
swidîzaxe gkîzax dtepz zwvl `id zg`d eznbne ezxhn,dpy dxyr rax`k lr dzzyed oeknd zceary jka xwira dbyed ef dxhn.zizxezd dxivid zxabdl.`:miixwird micride mixbz`d ipyl ep`iad df ceqi.ziaihwlewd dceard ceqi mz`ved.a.zipxez dxivi ly wit`l,zeaiyid ixbea,mixirv minkg icinlz oeeik ly egeka oi` xy`e,zexec mdl elgii xy` dlrnaîzepey`x zecear ly xe`l dpxw z` zenixne,dxeza wqrle cenill zenxez el` zexivi.ozi` ccenzdl cigid.dxezd ly dceake md mday miifkxnd xy`,mitipq dyiy'milyexi oekn' zxbqna milret meid,wxei eipe ceewiila mlerd iagxa dxez ifkxna zegely,dipzpe aia` lz,milyexia d`nn dlrnl miayei eitipqe oeknd zegelya.mialry zaiyia o`k epnewne ly mdizexivie mdixtq lr dxez ilecb zkxcda mirbie,mixirv minkg icinlz aexw dzr cr xe`l `ivedl epikfy 'd jexa.mipexg`e mipey`x,zexecd ilecb,ci iazkl dwlgnd,'cenlzd iyxtn xve` lrtn' zxbqna,mixtq mixyre d`nl jexr ogleyd lrtn','oilet inkg lrtn','fpky` inkg lrtn','gxfnd xe` oekn' 'mlyd xehd lrtn','b`xt inkg zxez lrtn' mi`vnp ceqie diipa ialyae,'mlyd.dviazkqnlrikcxndxtqxe`l`vixakeay,'mlydikcxndlrtn'e mr.miycegxtqnxaklretmialryzaiyiacqepxy`'l"fone`dnlyoekn' xyt`d zcina ztteg didz dceardy oeknd iy`xe daiyid iy`x oia mkeq epepik ixag okle,xfrd oa` jexr ogleya rbxk miwqer lleka;daiyid ly'llek'a cnlpl r"eylrmiaeygmixtqipyzkixraegepritadzrweqrlelgd'one`dnlyoekn' iax 'dpyndzakxn'lra rcepdoe`bdly exeaig`edoey`xdxtqd.xfrdoa` cr xe` d`x `ly,df xtq ly cid azk.'jexr ogley' enyy xtq,`nlg dnly eia`.`"hilyjaxie`onlfdnlyiaxoe`bdepaxeepxenlyezeyxa`vnp,dzr mirayndlrnliptlmilyexiacidazkz`ykxl"vfaildcedimiigiaxoe`bd mitirqdyelyawqereleky,'almkg'extqz`eitlr`ivedf"txzzpyae,dpy lklrmlyjxk`vi`lo`kygehaedeewnip`.oiyeciwzekldal"pdcidazkn cg`jxkaxe`l`vi`nlgy"xz`n'jexrogley'xtqdlkye,mitirqdyely.*miipye` a`,jxkal`kin'xoe`bdlyeciazkn'myeadzbexr'xtq`edipydxeaigd xg`creuiyaii`ozpediiaxinin.**xirdlydxdefztewzab`xtlyoicdzia dpnn,icedidmrdlyealal,l`xyiam`exirb`xtdziddcediarcepdlyexec rcepdlyepicziaxagdidjxkal`kiniax.dne`dzevetzlkld`xeddd`vi rcepd ixg`...'l`kin ipinin':eizeaeyzn zg`a dcedia rcepd azek eilre,dcedia ztqep mrte,g"nyz zpya mikxk ipya xe`l `vi xtqd :miinrt wcv mieaqwea axd.cg` jxka c"qyza.oldld`xe.h"nyzaipyjxke,d"nyzaxe`l`vioey`xjxk * ** 4
ly ecinlz dfd ciwtzl dpen eixg`e,c"a`k jxka l`kin iax yniy dcedia eckpdidjxkal`kiniax.'dad`ndaeyz'lraulwltxfrl`iaxdcediarcepd lecbe `fiinxeen rcepd oe`bd,'xi`i zeeg'd lra,jxka miig xi`i iax oe`bd ly epi`yi`l`kiniaxzxezz`mpn`.mpiipnlf"idd`naigy,execamiwqetd rcep' z"eya eil`e epnn zeaeyz dnk wx,dpnn cixy x`yp `ly hrnke,xikn,ezxezn rhw riten dvia zkqnl g"lvd xtq zligza.`piipz dxecdn 'dcedia eid dnk ip` rceie zeid' :eia` zen xg`l dcedia rcepd ly epa azek jk lre mixac ip` qitcn okl,l"vf `a`lr jxka l`kin iax oe`bdly eixac miaiag enye,'dad`n daeyz' xtqa miriten ely miazkn xtqn.'xtqd y`xa el` awri iax - b`xt inkgn cer mr,miax mixtql zenkqda dx`tzl qqepzn.cere `cpl l`eny iaxe bxeafpib z` jxka zgtyn zqtez,'fpky` inkg lrtn' zxbqna,'milyexi oekn'a meik zg` iptl:'miig xewn'a ligzp?oeknl mdly cid iazk eribd cvik.ifkxnd mewnd d`na zeiepgdn zg`l minid mze`a ilbxdk izqpkp,a"lyz uiw inia,dpy dxyr,l"vfcltppefmiigsqeiiaxlyeckp,l"fxbxapiiymgpn'x,zepgdlra.mixry mi`ela,mipyimixtqlyzenixreaiaqne,jenpsxtxylrayiy,owficedidid.xtqd iaaeg lk z` zepga yebtl did ozip jelklde wa`d zexnl.mirexwe dtehr dliag `ived,sxtxyd ixeg`l eci z` hiyed,'edyn yi m`d' izl`yl ze`n yelya lenz` df z` izipw,miaeh mixac dt yi' :xn`e,oeliipae xiipa,'dliagddlikndn'eizl`y.'dfz`lawllekidz`zexilze`nrax`a,zexil.efexanel wgvi iax ly dnizg izi`xe cg` xiip iz`ved.'miaeh mixac':dpr aeye mi`lnzexiipdlkm`yizaygla`,recidefexanelaxaxaecnm`dizrci`l.zi`ckdrwydd-dfbeqnzenizgawx zxzekdy mitc mirax` x`yd oia da iz`vne,dliagd z` izgzt iziaa,lecbxeaignohwwlgedfycinizpad.'g"e`r"eylryexit,miigxewn':mdilr ildlbzpdlildjynamiwinrncenileoeirxg`l.edneedinoiicrizrci`ly,b`xtn l"xdnd epwf z` xikfn `ed.'xi`i zeeg'd ly eci azka mitc dl`y zeeg'extqldncwda.g"e`r"eylr'miigxewn'rcepdeyexitnwlglrxaecne izxaigy miig xewn ixtq `ede lecbd ixtq...qitcdl iaala dlr':azek `ed'xi`i izea`nz"eyxtqqitcdlf`iznkqdj`...miiggxe`lyr"eywlglrd"fra l` gkn z`vn l"pd miig xewn ixtq cer xg`zp okl...['ipyd heg'] ux` ipe`b,g"e`wlglrixagmilecbdzexe`ndipyixtqdxezxe`le`viipiaeipia.lretd dnnxkpinc`aexmdaiz`vne,[f"hdemdxa`obnd]dlrpce`nux`ipibnmdy izbyde,ipira exyi `l ik mdixaca izrc dgp `l mdn zvwa ik s`,izrbiy cec obn lra mdipy mb izrcl' azek `ed 'xi`i zeeg' xtq ly h 'iqae...'mdilr erhmb,ce`nmbnebnmpeyljkle,`xzaixecdneyr`lmdxa`obnlrae[f"h] izazke,gpen mnewna mceak,milw mixaca zenewn dnka ediignwl eyg `le 5
laiwy zenkqd dxyr ray qitcd `ed'xi`i zeeg' extqa...'miqxhpew dnk mdilr x`ye miidpte` cec'x,ipeyxbd zcear lra,yecwd d"lydn,'miig xewn' xtqd lr ezaygn z` `ivedl witqd `le xi`i miig iax dlg okn xg`l j`.exec ilecb.mlern qtcp `l'miig xewn' xtqde,lretl daehd izvx.'dnly lkid'l dqipka `"hily sqei dicaer axd z` izybt zxgnl `edcin!'miigxewndz`ep`vn,aehlfneplribn',zeybxzdaelizxn`e,exarl oe`b ax dfa ipnicwd xaky siqed `ed aeiga izipryke?'xi`i zeegd lral':xn` `ed gw oniq'dig ytpl oeiv' extqay,xhiil slee a`f axd,a"dx`ay bxeaqhitn izazk.'g"e`lrmiigxewnxtqxi`izeeglralyeycewciazkicil`a'azek xhtp j`,dpy zg`e miryz ig dfd icedid.yiyi oe`b eze`l leda azkn cin,oilwexaa xhiil dyn iax oe`bd ex`yl izazk.azknd zrbd iptl miinei ezaeyza.df il`hpnepen xeaig xezi`a l`xyi llk mr cqg dyriiy eizywiae - jl uriin ip` z`f la`,xaw il` eizeceq lk z` enr gwle xhtp ix`y':azk cid iazka oiirne zeixtqa aaezqn did `ed la`,ci iazk mi`vnp `l eziaa,a"dx`a zeixtq xtqnl epipt.'df ci azk `vnp odn zg`a i`ceeae,ozeyxay azky ricend azkn wxei eipay xhky xpinq ziixtqn eplaw miyceg dnk xg`le zepgl ribd mixqgd mitcdn wlg.mitc daxd ea mixqg j`,mlv` `vnp cid.mixry d`na `idd,miigxewnxtqlyoey`xdwlgd'milyexioekn'i"rxe`l`vi(a"nyz)dpyd azka mikxk dpenyl `inyc `zriiqa epikf.*ipyd wlgd xe` d`xi aexwd cizrae dpieea yxcnd ziaa ik,ci iazk cerl ribdl ep` mieewne,xi`i zeegd ly eci,i`kfi"rzekfmilblbn.mixeaigmipyemirayazkikxn`pdaedniyxd`vnp.'ipydheg'lraepwfne,miig'xeia`nmiazkmbepiciami`vnpeixeaigicilre `iad mipy rayk iptl dipnexn ribdy icedi.'myead zbexr' epxtql ribp o`kne aaezqdcidazk.xfrdoa`r"eylryexiteaeciazklymikxkdyingezi` minidcg`a.ezednlrxacrceiepi`yi`xy`k,milyexiamixtqdixgeqoia jeza ik,b`xta ig didy mc`ici lr azkp cid azky xne`eipelt il` lvlvn z` mrt `l xikfne '`"hily epxir c"a`'dcedia rcepd lr xagnd azek xtqd xaecnm`yizaydcin.b`xtaocdziaaoiicdidygipdlxiaqokl,oicdzia,icil ribd cid azk ok`e.xign lka cid azk z` dpew ipixd jxka miig iaxa.'myead zbexr' xtq `ede,jxka l`kin iax epaa xaecny dlbzde ziaamb.xaryzeaxdzeielbdxg`lezxezel`xyimrlyexetiqmvraedf 'xi`n zia' xtql zenlyd odae,ci iazk e`vnp milyexia o"anx 'gxa xbpifly m`ivedle mxz`l epzaegne,mipqgne migahn,zeiepga mi`vnp ci iazk.cere.dxezd icnel zlrezl xe`l.c"nyzzpyaxe`l`viipydwlgd * 6
c"idone`dnly'xmrxakizggeymialryaoekndznwdlryxnel`iltn dlitzd xnb xg`l zezayd zg`a.aeh ic j` - hrn izxkd dnly z`.envra izlrtzd cinz.dziad epikxca epggey,bxdpy iptl mixetq miyceg,'cqg ixry'a,leab `ll mixtq ad` dnly.eze` oiipr xac lk ixdy,ely swiddne ezeprcin oekn'ixtqncg`aoeiraab`jxcyxtiq`ed.dfoecipaeizeilbzlrxtqlad`e xtqdysiqeddnly.m"anxdlrdn`xrceciaxiyecigxtqlribd`ed'milyexi xtqoialepiamitzeynmieewmpyiyeld`xpe,witqnrecieppi`ylage,`ltp dnly.ezgtyn aexw did `ed epeayg itly,dn`xr wgvi iaxl 'wgvi zciwr' ziigza miwqer mz`'y `ed 'milyexi oekn'a mi`ltpd mixacd cg`y,siqed ici lre,mpi`y miyp`e,opi`y zetewz,ceai`l ekldy mixtq milbn mz`,miznd dk`lndy lag wx.miifkxne miniiwl mze` mikted mz` el` miazka mkiweqir jixv dribie lnr dnke,xtq z`veda iyewd z` el izxaqd...'zihi` jk lk zaiyi,zeaiyi izyl aexw `edy aiyd dnly.xe` d`ex xtqy cr riwydl xyt`yayeg`ede,dzrcnel`eddayxinzaiyiemipyyngcnldaymialry xnbiz dceardy jk,dxivid zcearl zeaiyid izyn mikxa` ly zeveaw alyl...zexidnxzia cinzxpye`vnxzeiajil`miaexwd.dnly,jxkflcinzxpep`miwilcnmeid zgtd zenc` ilr mixvwd jiigay myky miywane milltzn ep`.jgexl `ed df zelecbl oexyikae mrepa jzi` mze` ztgqe,jze` miaaeqd lka miigîgex cinz,xi`zejlz,lcbzejlzcinzdxpzadle,dxe`ednver,gkjxkfejgexexyijk-.jilrmila`zndlklmgepdithperibidfcinzxpne.miigd xexva dxexv jznyp idz xwid epiaqe epia` znyp ielirl ycwen'oirnd' oeilib l"fl`enqdgnyoamiigoinipaxn dninz dpen` lrae jxcîxyi dyrn yi` d"ryzxc`'c-a"txzxc`'k d"avpz 7
cleepx` dyn jxcay dpicnde l"vf iwqpiyec iav sqei axd `ean dpicnd znwd z`xwl dwelgd zhlgd xg`l dpicnd znwd xg`l i`avîipeghiad megza ezelirt avnd zcreel zetxhvd zeaiyi icinlz qeib milyexi ly dwizrd xira icedid raexd zaya mixevia zcear 'dxva ikep` enr' dpicnl eqgi mekiq.dizeaiyia cnle,(1867) f"kxz zpya dixbpeda clep iwqpiyec iav sqei axd `ean daeygd dlidwd ly daxl dpen,cala g"k oa ezeida,(1895) d"pxz zpya ipya;qexhtxway hqeg ly daxl dpen(1921) `"txzae,diwaelqay dhp`lba.dtexi` iagx lkn micinlz ze`n oda ecnly zex`etn zeaiyi miwd zenewnd axdz`x`ydoiaybtel`xyiux`axewialribd(1932)a"vxzipyxc`ycega dnkxearkxhtpxy`,ux`azicxgdzecdidlyiy`xddax,cltppefsqeimiig odkldpnfdldprpoknxg`lmiycegdnk.dieeldaelctqiwqpiyecaxde,mini mre eicinlzn wlg mr cgi ux`l ribd `ed (1933) b"vxz lel`a.enewna axk 150Îk da ecnly 'iav sqei zia' zaiyi z` milyexia miwde,dlecbd eziixtq 1 ux`a zicxgd zecdid bidpnk eciwtz cva.micinlz zeax zery riwyd `ed aygpyxac,j"pzcnllmbbdp`ed.damixeriyzxardaedaiyidipiiprledipa. 2 zeixbped zeaiyia bixgk qwha egkp s` eibivpe,zicxgd zecdid bidpnk ihixad oehlyd ici lr mb xked `ed,b"nyz,milyexi,mia`yn z`ved,iela dyn iax iazk,(jxer) xbelw oinipa.ezxzkd.b'nr,e"yzixyz'b,`oeilibdcrd;77-76'nr iav ;493-485 'nr,h"lyz milyexi,opaxegae ozlecba dixbped zeaiyi,qwet mdxa` 1 2 8
mr iwqpiyec axd ccenzd i"`a zicxgd zecdid ly daxk ixeaivd eciwtza,dkld zpicn l`xyi ux`a mewzy did epefg.ipeghiade ipicnd megza zeira,dywdkxrnjezrecikjxrpdpicndznwdjildzdyrnlj`;gekayeniy`lle wegxdidiznwenddpicndite`yjklrcenmbdidaxde,zepaxewzaexnedkex` zpicn znwd jildza mixeywd mipiiprl ezeqgiizde ezeccenzd.epefgn ax wgxn.dznybd ite`le zepeivl ziqiqad ezecbpzd llba cgeina mipiiprn l`xyi,zi`nvr dcrk ihixad oehlyd zxkdl dzkf l`xyi ux`a zicxgd zecdid icxgd xeaivd dtewz dze`a mpn`.obxe`nd icedid aeyiid zecqenn zwzepnd zeiniptd zexigadn lgdy,zicxgd dcrd.` :zeixwir zeveaw izyl bletn did mrxywerbnlkellyy'`zxwixehp'bltiyp`daehly(1945ilei)d"yzuiwa mzrepzy,'l`xyi zceb`' iyp`.a.l`xyi ux`a ipeivîicedid aeyiid zecqen i"eb` zrepz mb.zexigad oze` ze`vez awr zinlyexid zicxgd dcrdn dyxt izy.aeyiid zecqen mr iwlg dlert seziyl dpken dziid j`,zepeivl dcbpzd axd lr ce`n dywidy belitl e`iade,miyw miwa`n mdipia eldip zeveawd oaenke milyexia `l,zicxgd zecdid ibeg lkl zicrla zeknq zeedl iwqpiyec ce`n laq zewelgnn wgxzdl bdp eini lky iwqpiyec axd.ux`d iagxa `l dxe`klîmipezpdn wlg xy`k eceak lr legnl mrt icn ul`p s`e,df avnn diral qgiizd `ed.ezrcl llk le`yl ilan zegtl e`,ezrcl cebipa elrt ezexnl,dywdkdknepikedy,dzr':e"yzuiwaieladynaxdlr`ypyctqddzraef zecdid dziid milyexil iz`ayk.zwelgndn lecgle mely zeaxdl epgp` miaiig mipdp dfne,dax zwelgnd,zeceb` zeceb` dzyrp dzre,zcge`n dlek zicxgd 3 '?melyd zr dribd `ld.miytegd dpey`xae y`xa l`xyi zceb` ly dlecbd diiqpkd ipeica f"vxz lel`a szzyd iwqpiyec axd dxen` dziidy,dxezd ilecb zvren yeaiba lirt dide,diwaelqek'vay capixna dvrend zaiyia.minegzd lka l`xyi zceb` ly dpeilrd zeknqd zeidl ilecbzvrenlymvnevnlretcrexgapmydkxrpyl`xyizceb`lyzifkxnd zerbepd ode l`xyi mrl zerbepd od,eiptl e`aeiy zel`yd lka rixkiy" dxezd rawp."dipebx`e l`xyi zceb` zrepz lk z` zaiign dzrxkde,l`xyi zceb`l,daiaqde hqeg zlidw oebx` z`ved,daiaqde hqeg zlidw,(mikxer) zif cece lypn axd ly erqn xe`iz] b"vxz,hqeg,sqei o`v,uiaexcpq onlf l`izewi ;q"yz,zeaegx,zepenze zeienc:eipeae aeyid ivelgl dictelwivp`,xdcz cec;[l`xyi ux`a iwqpiyec,eizeclez,xbxapiiy sqei;1930-1929'nr,aia` lz,mipey`x ziixtq z`ved,iriax jxk.h"yzoeygb"i,c-b'nr,dkoeilib,dcrd,l`xyi lew,iela dyn axd ziieelda `"hily iwqpiyec v"ibd oxn z"ywk ly ectqd iax yxcn z`ved,mixn`ne miazk :i`x Ÿ x`a,obealpvw edil` l`tx axd ;13.6.1946.32-23'nr,c"qyz,milyexi l`tx 3 9
,dxezd ilecb zvren ixag x`y mr xywa cenrl lretd cre ixag zray lry. 4 mixg`e xebn x"enc`d,iwqpiyec axd mdipia zicxgd dcrd ly oicd zia ly oic iwqt lre mifexk lr mzg iwqpiyec axd xeqi`e ine`ld creedn z`vl d`ixw:mdipia,miipeivd zecqendn dwgxd eyxcy creed mfiy"aeyiid xtek" ziabnl zecbpzd;ine`ld creed ly zexigaa szzydl d`ixwlroke;aeyiidlymiipeghiadmikxvdz`onnlickg"vxzuiwaine`ld mixg` mixwna mle`. 5 ine`ld creel dtetkd dhigyd zkxrnn xya zepwl `l xn`y itk,mikxvde zeaiqpd ly ziyrne zipiipr di`x jezn,xytzdl rci jixviznrceimkg,xacxwrrcfiine-mkgdmin":ieladynaxdlrectqda. 6 "`l izne zexyt zeyrl dpicnd znwd z`xwl,hx`eihq milyexia ipwilbp`d seyiad znfeil zipexwr mikqd iwqpiyec axd,miaxrd mr meiwîeca lbcy zixard dhiqxaipe`d `iyp qpb`n ail dcedi x"ce dlitze d`eal dkxa ux`l lit zcre zrbd meia enqxti zezcd iy`x zyelyy l` oin`'bg iztend j`;miaxrl micedid oia mely oikydl dzniyna dzglvdl mb mi`ziy gqep `evnl xyt` i`y xxazd mirbnd jynda.axiq ipiiqeg eicx ici lr e`xwed mdipyy,micxtp migqep lr hlgede,mixvepl mbe micedil. 7 oecpel ipta(zcge`n oiicr dziidy) l`xyi zceb` zglyn y`xa rited iwqpiyec axd,l`xyimroiadwecdddwifdz`xiaqde,(1936xanvc)f"vxzsxegalitzcre wxmiiwlozipdxezdzeevnaexz`ikoiiv`ed.dyecwdux`dedyecwddxezd.dle`bldiitivjezzelbdzepylkaxeywicedidmrddiddil`y,l`xyiux`a `idy,icedidmrdlydti`ydmeiwz`xyt`ld`axetlazxdvdyoiiv`ed `edye,mixg`minrlrhlzydlilaegekadze`yeaklilal`xyiux`lxefgl.31-24'nr,xii`a'dcruiaehwn,onpieiav w"drt mifpky`d zeldwn lkl c"a`e ax,iwqpiyec iav sqei axd mezg,oic wqt 'nre"yzxii`b"khoeilibdcrd,l`xyiux`azicxgdzecdiliy`xaxee"zmlyexi zexigaazetzzydcbpoicwqt;b'nr,e"yzfenz'g,hkoeilibdnegd,dxengdxdf`;` zrc;micxtqmipax20lrnenzgenr,c'nr,17.4.1947,l`xyilew,ine`ldcredly ldwl drced;2003 L6zine`ldixtq,h"vxz,aeyidxtekine`ldcredcqenlrdxez,iyily jxk,zercend gel lr oyid aeyid :xewnd on,xbelw oinipa,(f"vxz) icxgd.127'nr,`"nyz,milyexi,i"yz-e"yz oeiq'g,ezewlzqdl ziriaxd dpyd meia l"vf iela dyn axdl oexkf zxaeg.i"yz,milyexi.biw-aiw'nr,e"yz,aia`lz,gvp,(iigiwxt)milyexijizeneglr,ieladynaxd 4 5 6 7 10
un`na etzzyi mdye,d`pye yyg lk miaxrd ly maln xiqi d"awdy deewn meybidpdl`lymilbp`dnywia`ed.dad`emelylyi`dyecwdux`azepal ezia z` miwdl icedid mrl xyt`l ick,zerwxw ziipwae ux`l diilra zelabd diilrdzekfyezpeekyaxdxidadlitcxeldzl`yl.dxezdlrdaxenyleux`a. 8 micxgdlrwx`le,mleklrlegzziytegd dxiwgd zcre ipta erited `l zicxgd dcrd ibivpe iwqpiyec axd mle`.(1946 uxn) e"yz aia`a,dnglnd ixg` ux`a dqpkzdy zi`wixn`îelbp`d,dzeipicn z` reawl ick zeaiyi dnk dniiw zicxgd dcrd ly zipicnd dcred dcrd ipiipr z`e llka zicxgd zecdid zeyixc z` hxtny xikfz gqpl dhilgde siqed xy` iwqpiyec axd ici lr xye` xikfzd gqep.hxta zinlyexid zicxgd iela dyn axd. 9 dxiwgd zcre ixag lkl eybed azknde xikfzde,i`eel azkn qxna13)e"yzipyxc`a'iadxiwgdzcreiptal`xyizceb`zglynmrritedy axdlyezaeyzlrjnzqdadpre,ux`lmicediziilriabl`edmbl`yp(1946 wx`le,mleklziytegdiilrzyxecl`xyizceb`ikmcewmipyxyriwqpiyec. 10 micxgl dcrde iwqpiyec axd exny aeyiid zecqenn dnefid mzelcazd zxbqna miiccd milegi` ellky,ihixad oehlyd mr mii`nvr mixyw lr zicxgd rytd ixg`" ux`a `avd cwtnl minegpz zrad licadl e`,zeibibg zeiepncfda,(1947 ileia 29) f"yz uiwa"dipzpa mihixad mihp'bxqd ipy ziilz ly cixgnd. 11 mihixad icia l"v` iyp` dyely ziilz lr daebzk zqpkd zia len) hcinycleb ziaa miihixad mipivwd oecren uevit zeawra elihd,l"v`d ingel ici lr (1947 qxna 1,xc`a 'f) f"yz 'xekf' zaya (oexeyi.milyexi oetva zeicedid zepekyd lr mei 17 jynpy i`av xhyne xver mihixad meia.xebqd xef`d jeza eid `iapd l`eny aegxa iwqpiyec axd ly ezaiyie ezia zpeky'xzken' hxtl` dyn'x iwqpiyec axd ziaa exwia i`avd xhynl iriyzd xikfnk yniy oiilw cec qgpite,ozp l`eny ilbp`d i`avd axd,'l`xyi zia' lr zlhend zelabndn d`vezk eize`lz lr mdl xtiq axd.ixbpedd 'llek'd,zecigia lltzdl ul`p `ed eiiga dpey`xd mrtay axd exrv lre,eiayeze xef`d `edye,xexhl swez lka zcbpzn zicxgd dcrdy xn` axd.mixeta cgeinae zceb` mbye,miine`ld zecqend lye milyexia dlidwd cre ly zeipicnl cbpzn axd ixac ;1 'nr,21.12.1936,ux`d,zizeklnd dcred ipta l`xyi zceb` gk i`a xaic iwqpiyec axd.21.12.1936,xac;22.12.1936 ux`d,zizeklnd dcred ipta iwqpiyec a`fe x`iexa wgvi x"c,iela dyn axd erited enr cgi.zilbp`l enbxez eixace zixara.oiiyîxyit.b'nr,e"yzaxc``"i,foeilib,dcrd.elw'nr,e"yz,aia`lz,gvp,(iigiwxt)milyexijiizeneglr,ieladyn.b'nr,f"yzlel`h"k,`koeilibdcrd;a'nr,e"yzzahf"h,e'libdcrd 8 9 10 11 11
dcrdxikfn.`avdedlynnditlkzicxgddcrdz`zbviindpi`xakl`xyi. 12 ilbp`d lynnl zicxgd dcrdn xikfz ozp axl xqn zicxgd dpicnd znwd z`xwl mipeicd ixg` eawr zicxgd dcrde iwqpiyec axd oicd ziae iwqpiyec axd.mkxc itl jildza zeaxern elibe,l`xyi ux`a zicedid ziiraxexialm"e`dlycgeindayendzgiztmeilrefixkdzicxgddcrdly xzei xge`n miiyceg. 13 meve dlitz meik(1947 i`n) f"yz xii` ycega l`xyi ux` iptaqibpabilfoae`xaxdzicxgddcrdlyoicdziaa`eiwqpiyecaxderited eixaca.l`xyi zceb` zglynn cxtpa,(1947 ilei) t"ewqpe` dxiwgd zcre ixag geztlywiawxe,l`xyiux`lyipicnddcizrlllkqgiizd`liwqpiyecaxd z`owzle,ux`dlydzhilwzlekilm`zdad`eydicixyiptadiilrdixryz` zepncfd dze`a.zepkeqd ici lr diilrd zeqkn z`vwda icxgd xeaivd getiw dcrd.zicxgdzecdidlyzepaxaeoicdizaaziwegezinyxxikdlmbywia`ed zecdid lew.z`veid dpya miipicnd dibyid `iy"k ef drted dxicbd zicxgd. 14 "zine`lîoiad dniad lrn dnxa rnyp zicxgd dwelgd zhlgd xg`l xkfpd hx`eihq ipwilbp`d seyiad mr axd ybtp(1948 x`exat) g"yz sxega z` xirl xifgdl d`ixwa milyexia zepeyd zecrl szeyn meqxt lr enr oce iabl l"egn mipax dyely icilr l`ypydl`yl daeyza. 15 hwyd z`e melyd oi`y axd aiyd,l`xyi ux`e milyexi ornl ipeivd xeaivd mr ztzeyn dlitz xg`ly d`xp mle`. 16 daeyza mlek exfgi xy` cr mipeivd mr xagzdl mewn diite`e xvw onf jez mwez zicedi dpicny iwqpiyec axd oiad dwelgd zhlgd l`xyi zia zpeky zexew:milyexia xzken ly epnei,(mikxer) oxeb ozece qgpit,hxtl` zhiqxaipe`,1952-1938 a"iyz-g"vxz,hxtl` l`izewi dyn 'x ly eiazka dzaiaqe ozp axde iwqpiyec axd oia dgiyd ;73-72 'nr,10.3.1947.c"ryz,ob znx,oli`îxa 'nr,milyexi jizeneg lr,iela dyn.zixara xacl axiq axd ik zipnxba dldpzd llba zixard dtya yeniyd z` xqe` `ed ik iela dyn axl xn` axd - giw-fiw ezrcl.dxezd z`ixwae zelitza zelwz mifpky`l znxeb ezrcly zicxtqd dxadd.mixf miiehiae milin d`lnd zycegn dty m` ik,ycewd oeyl dpi` zxaecnd zixard.`'nr,1.5.1947,l`xyilew,l`xyiux`ziralm"e`ayen ztqez,zecge`nd zene`d ly dxiwgd zcre iptl zicxgd zecdid ly ziy`xd zepaxd oeilib,dcrd,dxiwgd zcre iptl zicxgd dcrd ly x`t zrted;17.7.1947 l`xyi lewl h"k,`k oeilib dcrd,dxiwgd zcre iptl dcrd zepax ;a-` 'nr,f"yz a` mgpn 'g,k.`'nr,f"yzlel`.`'nr 22.2.1948,meid oezr,seyiade l`xyi zceb` '`.gnoniq,f"hyz,milyexi,oey`xwlg,u"ixdnz"eyxtq,iwqpiyeciavsqei oxn [12.3.48] g"yz'a xc` 12 13 14 15 16 12
xyt`iy xcqdl ribdl jxc `evnl yiye,dkldl m`zda dpiidz `l dzeldpzde dritydefdxkd.eiiggxe`lrdxinyjezdycgddpicnazeiglicxgdxeaivl xhynmiwdl(1948uxn)g"yzaia`adrivda"dx`xy`kdidjk.eizehlgdlr.zicedi dpicn miwdl mewna,mihixad zaifr mr l`xyi ux`a m"e`d ly zepn`p inlerd lretd creedy eyxce,drvda jenzl erivd l`xyi zceb` ixagn dnk dnikqn mzrepzy m"e`l ricedl a"dx`a l`xyi zceb` ixagn ywai milyexia zepkeqd znkqd ila m"e`l zi`nvr diptl cbpzd iwqpiyec axd `weec.zipkezl oaenk.icedidmrdlyztzeyndzipicnddcnradribtjkad`x`edik,zicedid aexlyzeipeligdcvnzicediddpicndlydkxciablzewitqezeyygeleidy mi`xg`e mixidf zeidl yiy xaq `ed mle`,zkynpd mincd zekity cvne mrd ezrc.zipivxe dxeng dk dl`ya zi`nvr dcnr hewpl `le,ef drixkn dtewza zeqple zepkeqd zldpd ipta zipkezd zlaw cra miwenipd z` `iadl yiy dziid. 17 i`nvr ote`a lertl `l j`,mzwcva drpkyl dpicnd znwd xg`l milyexiyk,(1948 ileia 2) g"yz fenz d"ka,dpicnd znwd ixg` zereay dray hecpxa dwlet ofexd mr iwqpiyec axd ybtp,diig lr dnglpe xevna dpezp dziid dyibtd.dnweddzrdfyl`xyizlynnlrced`did`ly,m"e`dmrhnjeeznd zeyrl hecpxan iwqpiyec axd ywia dae,milyexia cec jlnd oelna dniiwzd xhyn wx ezrcl.dniglde xevnd irbtn diayeze milyexi z` livdl ick lkd z` eizepexkifa x`iz hecpxa.oaxegne qxdn milyexi z` xenyl gilvi ine`lpia xwir.owf ipal mipax zglyn ipze`xl d`a xweaa yng dryl jenq" :dyibtd.zine`lpiaxirlcizrajtdizmilyexiy`edaeygdncrize`rpkyldidmpevx lr uilndl izpeekzdy oeeik.miipeviwd mipeivd enk mi`pw mpi` micxgd micedid `l,icedid raexd iayezl zinvr dxcbd zekf mr ziaxr xirl milyexi zkitd iziid gxken.ef dl`ya xeaicd z` aigxdl zexyt` dry dze`a izi`x. 18 "il dxqny divnxetpi`d lr zglynl dcez zrada j` mvnhvdl axd mbe,zine`lpia xirl milyexi zkitdl ecbpzd ux`a icedid xeaivd ibidpn dzeaiyge milyexi zyecw z` eipta yibcd hecpxa mr reay eze`a ybtpy bevxd ycgzz m` miyecwd zenewnl ztwypd dpkqd z`e,dpicnle icedid mrl cbp zetixga e`hazd zicedid zepkeqd ly zipicnd dwlgnd ixika. 19 dkxrnd,mixry,ezxihtl miyely- l"vf iwqpiyec iav sqei iax wicvd oe`bd,obiealipivw l`tx.3-2'nr,18.11.1948.117-116'nr,1952,milyexi,sq`ig`,milyexil,hecpxa't;`'nr,4.7.1948,dtvd ofexdmrybtp bevxdaxd;s 25/5176 n"v`,4.7.1948,oilxa xi`n axd l` bevxd axd 17 18 19 13
zipend daifrl mexbzy zipkez,zine`lpia xirl milyexi z` jetdl zipkezd ibidpn zrc lr dziid `l hecpxa mr iwqpiyec axd zyibt. 20 xird icedi ly f"kazipnfddlynndzaiyiaxn`,oielxi`nwgviaxd,crqdxy.l`xyizceb` l`xyi zceb` ly ipicnd xikfnd,onceb ix`d lr xq` `ed ik (ileia 4) fenz mr iwqpiyec axd zyibt lry siqed oiel axd.hecpxa mr ybtidl,dilbp`a `l `idy geha `ed ipy cvn j`,dilr xrhvn `ede oezirdn el rcep hecpxa.wfp lk mexbz xewia,milyexilyi`avdlyend,sqeiacx"cjxrxzeixge`nzereaydnk hecpxa mr mipeicd avn lr axl geeic x`yd oiae,iwqpiyec axd lv` zexkid sqeix"ce,zayalnygdzwtq`zl`yz`xxeraxd.milyexilydcizroiipra xeawle xefgl zexyt`a mb epc md.lnyg zxag zldpd mr z`f wecal gihad. 21 ipcxid yeaikd zgz zr dze`a didy,mizifd xda zexawd ziaa,zine`lîecd dpicnd iknezn,oinipa iax dpeknd,oncltîxlcx ryedi xteqd dziid zeine`lpia zecre iptl e` zepehly iptl ezrted" ik iwqpiyec axd lr azk wx `l diilrd zekf yxec `edy lit zcre iptl xn`y `ed.zayegne dlewy qpb`nx"clyeizeti`yz`xiwedlrcimb`ede,icedilklm`ikdxezixneyl miyi` ipira caekn did mb `ed.ux`ay minrd ipy oia izin` inipt melyl cecirl dlecb zepkzqd jez dyr zexengd zefbtdd inia.miaxrd oian miaeyg mpn`":xn``ed.'dciz`l`xyi`avzepegvipad`x`edyoaenk.xirazegexd laq elxeba dlr dfd xecd j`,zeevnd zxinyn miwegx maexa dl`d miyp`d mr `ed minlerd oeaixe,'eke fekixd zepgna mincewd zexecl did `ly dfk. 22 "'scxpd z` ywai miwel`' zldw xn`y df[...] milaeqd i`avîipeghiad megza ezelirt ziieela,iwqpiyec axd ybtp,('zerxe`nd' ztewz ;1936 hqebe`) e"vxz uiwa mr,qiwxeq xfril`e mieaqwea ikcxn x"c,iela dyn axd l`xyi zceb` iy`x zwqtdl ezlekiay dn lk dyri `edy dywia zglynd.ihixad oeilrd aivpd mdyk,yekxae ytpa zeribtl minxebd,miaxrd ly ceyde gvxd,zenil`d iyrn zeaiyi zneyxz,oiel 'n 'i axd ixac ;8.7.1948,dtvd ;8.7.1948,1 'nr oneid,hecpxa.4..7.194,28-27'nr,c jxk,zipnfd dlynnd ly uegd zeipicnl zecerz,(jxer) jilcpiext ryedi,22.7.1948,wezxy 'n l` odk 'l,milyexi,dpicnd jfpb,l`xyi zpicn,1948 xanhtqa 30- i`na 14,oey`x jxk,l`xyi.381'nr,7sirq359'qndcerz,`"nyz.10.8.1948,oneid,iwqpiyec axd lv` xwia sqei x"c.29.10.1948,6'nr,`oeilibgjxk,onfdzeira,mixcrpxkfl,[oinipa].a'x 20 21 22 14
mzxezymihwyminkgicinlzlre`,rytnmitgmicliemiyplrmiqgmpi` z` dpiivy zltxerne zillk zeqgiizda zglynd z` xht oeilrd aivpd.mzepne` dlynnd iciay deewzae,zexg` zevx`a mb dl`k miyrn wiqtdl iyewd oeghiade xcqd z` aiydle zenednd z` `kcl zegek witqn yi zinewnd. 23 ux`a dnigldy yyg didyk,diipyd mlerd zngln ztewza,xzei xge`n mipy dnk dpbdd zelirtl sxhvdl icxgd xeaivl d`ixw iwqpiyec axd mqxt,ux`l mb ribz zceb` ly oereayd,"l`xyi lew" ly oey`xd cenra dnqxtzd ez`ixw.zigxf`d :xn`p dae,"dryd jxev" zxzekd zgz,(1942 hqebe`) a"yz lel`a,l`xyi z` xxerl milyexia[zigxf`d dpbdd=] `"bd zldpd zywal oevxa iziprp lk xg` `lnle,`"bd zexiyl sxhvdl ziyep`d daegd lr icxgd xeavd migeha eppde ep` mieewn mpn` m`.df zexiya mixeywd miciwtzd `xwn epa miewie,drx lk ycewd xirle w"dx`l dpe`z `ly 'c icqga epze` xhet df oi` mle`,'eke driyedl z`fd xird lr izepbe aezky rxe`n lkl d"ra mipken zeidle,xyt`d lka zexidf irvn`a feg`ln,icxgdxeavdl`dpetippdz`fli`e.dnglnlyavnae"g`eallelrd mi`a xy`e,mcia wtiq xy` dl` lk z`n dywa ly oeyl lka ywane,`"bd izexiya myxidl,mzexyt` itle mlib itl ef daeg ielin oeayga zaydzxinyadribtmeydaoi`yefdaeygdlertlxyt`dlkaxefrle d`exd,d"xi dlynnd i"r zxfrpe zxye`n mb `id oexg`d onfay,zcde z`n exqni mihxt.e"g dpkq ipt zncwde dlecb zixeaiv zlrez da enely zkeq yexti ely melydy jln.dpekye dpeky lka dxagd zldpd zpy daeh dpyl eazkie mlyexi lre l`xyi enr lk lre elk mlerd lr. 24 'mingxe dreyi (1947 xanvca 11-10) g"yz sxega dniiw zicxgd dcrd ly mirayd zvren lydwelgdzhlgdxg`lxvepyycgdavndmrzyxcpdzeccenzddlrmipeic dlitz mei lr fixkdl" iwqpiyec axdn ywal did elawzpy zehlgdd oia.m"e`d mirhdl[...] ycewd ux`ae xira icedid aeyid `vnp eay mei`d avnd gkepl illk."llkaycgdavndlrw"dezzrczxdadmyluegpdlkz`meqxtdzercena zlitzz`exn`zqpkdizaa,(1947xanvca17)g"yzzah'clrawpdlitzdmei sq`zd lecb ldwe xgqnd iza exbqp 14:00 dryae,zixgy zlitza"epkln epia`".j 1 2007 n"v`,e"vxz lel` b"in dyibtd lewehext sqei axd ici lr mezg,oey`x cenr,20.8.1942 a"yz lel` 'f,l`xyi lew,dryd jxev zxzekl zgzn,oey`xd cenrd fkxna dqtced diiptd.a"yz lel`'a,`iwqpiyec iav.oezird 23 24 15
dk`ln lehiae dlitz,mev mei. 25 dcrd ipax ixac zrinyl'mixry d`n' zaiyia zelidwlmbzitxblhexaredjklrzercede,ipyxc`ycegy`xaxrlrawpsqep. 26 l"ega zeicxgd avnd zcreel zetxhvd f"yz elqk ycega xak.dniglde xevnd iiywn ce`n laq iwqpiyec axd ly dwelgd zipkez zlaw zeawra dai`d iyrn evxtyk,(1947 xanvc ziy`x) `iapdl`enyaegxaeziaz`aefrlul`p`ed,(elqkf"h)xanaepah"kam"e`d aeyiid zecqenyk,(1948 x`epi rvn`) hay yceg zligza. 27 xef`d iayez aex mr ipeghiad avndn miraepd mipiipra lthzy 'avn zcre' eniwd milyexia dcrd ibivpe l`xyi zceb` ibivp oia dyibt dniiwzd,diiqelke`d lr eizeklyde zcin iabl miyw migekie exxerzd.ztzeyn avn zcre miwdl ick xira zicxg lr `le me`iz lr mkeqe,aeyiid zecqen ly 'avnd zcre' mr dlertd seziy migekie aey exxerzd zicxgd dcrd zldpda dravdl mkqdd `aedyk.seziy `aedyk.cbp dyinge cra dxyr ly dravda mkqdd xye` seqale,mixreq `hgdfoi`yxn`ykmicbpzndz`riztd`ediwqpiyecaxdxeyi`lmkqdd epbiy mixg`n yexcl xyt` cvik - jtidl `l`,milyexi zpbdl qiibzdl llk gxkdyiymdldxed`ed.aviizndid`edmbenregekdidm`ysiqede?epilr. 28 l`xyi zceb` iyp` mr zcge`n dcre miwdl zeaiyi icinlz qeib axr zepicn ze`av ly dietvd zeaxernde,ihixad hcpnd meiq z`xwl qeibevmqxeti`na1îa.miixarddpbddzegeklqeibdagxed,i"`lrdkxrna oiaeae,xweaazxgnletwezlqpkidldidxen`y,milyexifegncwtnlyillk zia ixag mr cgi iwqpiyec axd. 29 qeibn dxezd icnel ly xehtd lhea x`yd :zxzekd zgz zercen (2.5.1948) g"yz oqip b"ka enqxt zicxgd dcrd ly oicd dxezd ipal `"hily zicxgd zecdid ly oicd izae `"hily c"a`bd oxn zaeyz" :oeyld dfa"!e"id,l`xyi lew,dlitz mei ;g"yz hay '`,ak oeilib,dcrd,mirayd zvren zhlgd.`'nr,18.12.1947.11.3.48,`'nr l`xyi lew,inler xeav ziprz.91'nr,8.12.1947,epnei,hxtl` fkxn oeikx`,(22.1.1948) g"yz hay `"i,yextîonwilb dyn l` yextîonwilb mgpn.milyexi l`xyi zceb`.j 3/10 n"v`,1.5.1948,fegnd cwtn icia mezgd qeib ev 25 26 27 28 29 16
iyteze iyaeg minkg icinlzd el` lkl ielb dfa miricen n"gd epgp` avndn epizlvd w"dxezd i"try,zeaiyid ipa mikxa`e mixega,c"ndia onf lke,w"dxezd zekfa wx `ed,mgxi 'd,ea mi`vnp ep` xy` `xepd zehleyeyricioi`zeyxcnizaaezeiqpkizaasvtvnawrilyelewy epzrcepz`n`viz`fl.`zexihpoikixvopi`opaxyk"bwqtenxake,ea lklmyxiecwtieavizil`,c"ndiaytezeyaeg,daiyioalkydxezzrc.llke llk dfa wtwtl dlilge,dlw dryl mb elit`,dnecke qeib xac lkaun`zdlexabzdlzrkdaiyioalklrzlhenzlteknedletkdaege zekfae.fer xziae z`y xzia dxez cenil zciwyae zcnzda zlekid ep`iveie'ekeaie`lkni"ag`lkmrlvppilvne`pibn`idxy`w"dxezd dxdna,wcv l`eb z`iaa minler zreyz epriyeie dgeexl dxdn myd. 30 on` epinia lyqeiblklcbpzdy,'yi`oefgd',uilxwediryimdxa`axdszeyeidefdrcl mipeni` jxevl mihren minil s`e,irx`e iwlg qeibl elit`,zeaiyid icinlz digpd. 31 l`xyillkz`dpkqadcinrnydywdxifbqeibdevad`x`ed.cala mbdziidef. 32 'miigur'zaiyiy`x,xvlnonlfxqi`axdmbmqxtdnecgqepa zeax riiqy,wpxt axd.milyexi ly iy`xd dax,wpxt gqt iav axd ly ezrc milyexi lr wa`nd z` d`xe,mipey minegza 'dpbd'l miyelyd zepyn lgd mipiipra mqxty dkld iwqta iehia icil `ay dn) xeaivd ly ytp gewitk fkxn l` diipta.mzepne` mzxezy in ly mqeibl cbpzd,(oeghial mirbepd `ed,(3.5.1948) g"yz oqip c"ka milyexia dpbdd zcwtna mrd zexyl cwtnd dlilg"yrawe,"mzepne`mzxezxy`dl`lkezeaiyidipaacigelyl`l"ywia x`y e` mipeni`,dnglnd `avl mcaryle dxezd lde`n mwzple m`ivedl `av yi` edpd dxezd zciwyl eiige eytp xqny in lky dpn`p ercie.zecear. 33 "epvx`e epnr zpbdl mler ly ekln ly epeibln l`ifer axde bevxd axd miiy`xd mipaxd mr cgi szzyd iwqpiyec axd ribdl ick,qeibd lr mi`xg`d mr ozne `ynd ledipa zeaiyid cre zldpde axd mr cgi.fhw 'nr,f"lyz,milyexi,`zxw ixehp zhiy,mxnr iax zxez xtq.zicxgd dcrd ly oicd zia ixag zyy minezg iwqpiyec.fp'nr,yi`dyrnxtq,aexai,[3.5.1948] g"yz oqip c"k,e"nyz,milyexi,og ifx` z`ved,miig ur jxca,xvln l`rci.444-443'nr,i"x`a zeaiyid iy`x owf `"hily xvln f"x`bd mrhn,dxez zrc,ezpyne eiig zyxt,wp`xt gqt iav axd oe`bd oxn,xecl d`eyn,lhpfex izay axd ilk xviil ick zaya cearl mieqn dxwna lynl xizd `ed.fw 'nr,a"lyz,milyexi.3.5.1948\g"yzoqipc"k,wp`xtgqtiavaxdiciamezg,dxezzrc;mipiixeynakx.2004 L 89,zine`l diixtq 30 31 32 33 17
`lyick,jkneze``ipdlevxyeid.qeibndxezicnelxehtoiipramkqenxcqdl mrmkqdilayxaqiwqpiyecaxdmle`,dxitkdzlynnadxkdkxacdd`xii sxhvd okle,xzei lecb dxez lehia mxbiie xbqidl zeaiyi zelelr l`xyi zlynn eznizg z` sxiv s`e,`avd zepehly mr ozne `ynd z` liaedy bevxd axl zelwd ea eidy mkqdd ;oekp did ely zrcd lewiyy xxazd carica. 34 mkqdl qiqad did,zeaiyid ly oneiw z` dyrnl xyti`e,zeaiyid icinlzl zeax. 35 dl` epinil cr zeaiyid mler zgixtl,dniglae xevna z`vnpd diiqelke`d ly dywd davna aygzd iwqpiyec axd dzrlihdloi`ik"g"yzxii`ycega`xzaipyziprzz`zegclozipywqte rawiiy crena zeprzdl meid lawl" yiy rawe,"ezyleg llba xeaivd lr ziprz ztewza zigxf` diiqelke`l rcind ozn zeaiyg z` oiad `ed. 36 "c"dia i"r ritedl,milyexia l`xyi zceb` oe`hia,'oneid' zkxrnl xizd okle,dngln wlg zkxrnd dxi`yd crend leg inia.a`a dryzae crend leg inia iepiya a`a dryzae,"crend zyecw iptn" aezikd mr dqtcd `ll wlg oey`xd cenrdn. 37 mixdvd ixg` zerya wx oneid rited milyexi ly dwizrd xira icedid raexd mxeb lk xzep `lyk,i`na 14Îd iyiy meia milyexin mihixad z`v xg`l meia.xird lr zrxknde ziynnd dnigld dlgd,miaxrl micedid oia uevgiy xira zepey zexfba dnigll iaxrd oeibld sxhvd,(i`na 19) xii`a'i,xweaa iriax mglidl eilr did dzr ik,xnged icedid cvd ly eavn.dwizrd xirae dycgd eavne,sxd `ll dfbted milyexi.zeipeixye zenbxn,migzeza cievnd xicq `ava mavn z` ex`iz eae wxan egly eipax.ce`n xnged xevpd icedid raexd ly ldpl yiy exaqy,l`xyi zceb` iyp`n wlg.mzlvdl ziciin dxfr eywiae,dywd ept,eiayezz`livdlickicedidraexdzripklrdll`carjlndmrozne`yn ezrcik,jklcbpzdiwqpiyecaxd.ozne`yndz`ldpiyickiwqpiyecaxdl` axdlv`dyibtmiiwlrivd`ed.micigizrclrz`fkzelirtzeyrloi`ydziid.3-2'nr,18.11.1948,mixry,ezxihtl miyely iwqpiyec axd,obiealpivw l`tx axd icilrilxqnpjnqnd.b"pyzoeiq'`,oeghiadxyzkyl,il`xyimiigl`yextmgpn mgpn.xcqdl oeixeb oa ly eznkqd z` daehl mixkefe exkf micxgd.zxnv iav x"c,ezxihtxg`ldpey`xddpyaoeixeboalryicwxn`yextdynaxdeia`ycirdyext.mzepne` mzxezy dl` ly i`avd mzexy ziigcl xcqdd zekfa,eil` ezkxrd jezn.(24.5.1948)g"yzxii`e"h,2'nroneid,epicziaeoxnmrhn e`x;(h"yz zekeq crend leg) 19.10.1848 oneid.13.8.1948 oneid,a`a'h mev oeilib oneid,d"yz lel`n "dcrd" zicxgd dcrd oe`hia ly oey`xd oeilibd zrtedl ezkxa mb.e"yzixyz'b,1'nr,`oeilib,dcrd 34 35 36 37 18
zelew aexa mipaxd ehilgi okn xg`le,zicedid zepkeqd ibivp epnfei dil` bevxd mipaxdbevxdaxdlyeziaaeqpkzd(i`na20)xweaazxgnlok`e. 38 bedplji` wgvi,dlidwdcrey`xoenelqmiig,milyexizcrey`xsqeiacx"c,miiy`xd zceb`n milirte igxfnd `iyp oilxa xi`n axd,ine`ld creed `iyp iavîoa.dyw dfbtd ly dnevira dyibtl ribd envr iwqpiyec axd.l`xyi cwtny dziid mzprh.icedid raexd iepita eknz l`xyi zceb` iyp`n wlg `idezwfgdezi`avzeaiyglkoi`icedidraexlyoklmcewmiiycegxn`fegnd axd.dxwei ly oiipr llba miayezd z` xiwtdl oi` mzrcle,dxwei ly oiipr iptl fegnd cwtn ly ezrc zeeg z` lawl eywia oilxa xi`n axde iwqpiyec axdlyezialribdfegndcwtnlyeyily.raexdlyepiipramzrcz`eriaiy aefrl miayeg mpi` mdye,zibhxhq` zeaiyg dpyi icedid raexly oiive,bevxd mekiqd.eiayezz`epnnulgle,eawifgdleraexluextl-jtidl`l`mewndz` oi`e,axrzdl zeyx daiyid i`al oi`y,iwqpiyec axd ly ezrc lr mb,did 'dpbd'd iyp`y zeewl wx yie,raexd z` livdl opkeznd oeiqipd z` liykdl ik,edylk inyx mxeb mrhn `eazy dripkl cbpzd iwqpiyec axd.jka egilvi z` gipdl sicrd `ed.dll`carl dwizrd xird ly oevxn dxiqn da d`x dripkdidzefjkik,jkajxeve`xim`mnvrmixevpdraexdiyp`iciadhlgdd. 39 zihxt dbetdd ztewza milyexi ipiiprl dycwedy zipnfd dpicnd zvren zaiyia z`,xird ly dywd davn z` ex`ize,milyexia miayezd ibivp exac,dpey`xd yygdz`e,aia`lzaz`vnpdaeyiiddbdpdoialmpiawzpdz`,ceciadzyegz mbe,rcina mze` etzyiy eywia md.liri `l xird ipiipra letihd jk awry :xn`e iwqpiyec axd z` eixaca gaiy oilxa xi`n axd.zehlgdd zlaw jildza mdl xne` dlecb zizc dhixehe` ly ditn `veid xac milyexia lecb oend..." dnglna micnery dryae.`edy in itn zipicn dxdvd efi` xy`n xzei daxd epidi `l micediy,oegha ixecg dpen` ilra zeidl mikixv,milyexiay efk dyw elit`,dlecb zizc dhixehe` dvegp.mipal milbc mr zepbtd lr,dripk lr aeygl ilecbmrepayiydaiyiay,daxdgnyaricedllekiip`.zebltnibidpnly`l oiandmc`eaep`vn.l`xyizceb`lydaxiwqpiyecaxdmbszzydmipaxd ipiiprlredpicndlydzenlylrxney,epenkl`xyiziigzlxeqn,zeiradz` jxhvp qge dlilg m` dax dkxal z`f ayeg ip`.epz`n cg` lkk dnglnd md mby iwqpiyec axle miiy`xd mipaxl zexyt` epz.milyexia axgd z` selyl.3-2'nr,16'rdlirl,obiealpivwl`txaxd,jix`z `ll,dwizrd xirae milyexia avnl aiaqn,iwqpi'fa 'a l` oilxa xi`n axd,ezxihtl miyely iwqpiyec axd,obiealpivw axd;26/1 288 xqlw,zizcd zepeivd oeikx`.3-2'nr,18.11.1948,mixry 38 39 19
,mdixacl mirneyd dl` lkl dlin cibdl elkei jke,miipicnd mipiiprd jeza eidi jixv,mixacd z` epga epgp`":ecibiy `l`-"mixne` mixg`" cibdl ekxhvi `le jeza eidi mdy dl` mipaxl mdl epz."zepaxwl,axwl mipken zeidl,mglidl. 40 "miipicnd mipiiprd zaya mixevia zcear dyibd oiipra,zepeyd zetwydd ilra mipaxd oia xkfpd dlertd seziy zexnl miiy`xd mipaxd oia izedn xrt dlbzp zaya zeipeig zecearl mixzid oznl ehp micxgd mipaxd.micxgd mipaxd oial- miinyxd miciwtzd ilra mipaxde,dpicndznwdxg`lcin`xwiwqpiyecaxd.mixzidzzl`lexingdlllkjxca daeygy,legd inia mixeviad zeceara szzydl',(i`na 17) xii`a'f oey`x meia ziaemixryd`nxef`amrdxnynicwtnnoenixsqei. 41 'efmexigzryace`n miwph e`xp[i`na 22,xii` b"ia d`xpk] xweaa zaya ik eizepexkifa xtiq l`xyi zpekyn mincwzn[ipcxid oeibld zexiya eidy gzez ze`yep zeipeixyl dpeekd] qiibl hilgd xef`d dhn.'l`xyi zia' zpekyl ribdl mzpeekyk,g`x'b 'giy.zeipeixyd znilal zexitg xetgl ick miinewnd 'mrd xnyn' iyp` z` ziciin aegxa 'igxfnd lretd zia' cil ybtnd mewnl eribd mrd xnyn iyp`n miax eglyp cin.zay ly zixgy zlitzl zkll eppekzd xy`k e`aed myl,'uiaepfg :ddf dziid mdipy zaeyze,iwqpiyec axd l`e bevxd iy`xd axd l` zeglyn ztwzd znilal zelrzd z` xetgle zifgl z`vl yie,'zay dgec ytp gewit' evayi zexnyn izya rvazz dceard m`y dywa siqed iwqpiyec axd.oeixyd dricid dribd d`ivil zepbx`zdd ick jez dyrnl.diipyd zxnyna micxgd z`.lhea mexgd qeibe, 42 g`x'b'giyl dxfg ebeqp zepeixyd ik xg`le,bevxdaxlazkniwqpiyecaxdxiard(1948ipeia8)oeiqycegy`xa lrdzriz`aip`e":azek`edeil`glyy"ld`dzxez"extqlrzecezezekxa.mixvanziiyrazayleligmdlxizdlmiinrtdpbddiyp`nil`e`axy`xac r"eyay oeik la`,eixg` xdxdl il dlilge,xizdl `vi i"p b"xcd ceaky ipe`xde znexzaxewna`edoke,oiiprditllkdn"ne`"nxdmiiq[f'rqhky'iqg"e`] zvren,l`xyi zpicn,24.6.1948,zipnfd dpicnd zvren ly 'e daiyi,oilxa axd ixac.13'nr,mipeicd lewehext,mrd.17.5.1948,2'nr oneid,mixevia zecearl h"yz-g"yz:milyexiamrdxnynliguaew,(3lag10xef`fkx)oenixsqeilyepnein c"kyz,milyexi,dpbdd ixag oebx`e mrd xnyn ilirt ici lr xe`l `ved,(1949-1948) eziae,milyexia dle`b zpekya aegxa xb,'dpbd'a wize xag,oenix sqei.58-57'nr,1964 xnyna elib llba zxiy ze`nvrd znglna.'dpbd'd iyp` ly mipeni` mewnk yniy.44.34'qn,dpbdd zeclez oeikx`a ezecr e`x.mrd 40 41 42 20
iiperaip`e,[epw'iqmiazkemiwqt]i"`xdniwqtaode[gp'iq]zeaeyzaodoycd dvrdfcbpjixvzecakmigzezal"xaie`dznglncaekitl,iipirzii`xitl mixeviae,dywd aie`d cbp meldl deey didiy wype miaexn dngln iyp` dxeabe eid`lm`wx[`l`],mixeq`mixaclk,zipy.xqgxwirdm`hrenxac`ed zeni lk i`pt yi df oiipra la`.zaya zclep dpkqde reayd zeni lk miiept zrcd lr zelrdl `"`,mi`iwae mipne` i"r dk`lnae al zneyza reayd ip`e.xizdl iaal iz`vn `l df gkne.h"ei e` zay zk`lnl `weec mikixvy erixti`lyuilnledtlildidieceake,i"pb"xcdceakldiprdizrczelblizxn` cbpk mixevia ly zaya diipa xizdl leki epi`y xaq iwqpiyec axd. 43 "izgepn xy`k,dhrend mzlrez meyn milyexi zr dze`a dlaq mdn migzezd zefbtd.diradz`xeztleaie`ameldllkeiymi`znwypmrwfgi`avgekliawnaoi` miaxminizkynzndira`id`l`zayadclep`ldiradyoeeiknjklrsqep `le,miirevwnmicaermrmixeviadzecearjxevlreaydinilkz`lvplyixnel epnn ywia mbe,bevxd axl drxkdd z` xi`yd okl.zayd meil zekgl.dfd beqdn zel`ya xzei eze` ecixhi `ly mil`eyl,(1948 xaehwe`a 12) h"yz xetik mei axra,xzei xge`n miyceg drax`k a"ia. 44 zeaxwd yecig ly zexyt` z`xwl milyexi fegna ddeab zeppek dfxked 18) zekeq ly oey`x meiae,mexca 'a`ei' rvan lgd (xaehwe`a 15) ixyz dcedi ixd axrnîoetv lr zehlzyd dziid ezxhny,'xdd' rvan lgd(xaehwe`a xird zxfbl mb ehytzi zeaxwdy yyg did.milyexil iaxrnd xecfextd zagxde.oeivxdaiaqxwiramiywzeaxwdl`miniaekxrpok`e,milyexi ikeicxaericed,(xaehwe`a14)axrah"yzixyza`"iiyingmeia,mcewmei mb oze` rval jxev didi mixeviad zecear ly ozetigce ozeipeig llbay hlged l`xyi zceb` fkxn mle`,izkld xzid jkl epzp,l`ifer axde bevxd axd.zezaya `l icxgd xeaivdy'oneid' ly oey`xd cenra drcen zervn`a riced milyexia xy.zicxgd zecdid ipax z`n dnkqd jk lr oi` cer lk dl` zeceara szzyi xeaiva miaygzn `ly oeixeb oa ipta opelzd,oiel axd,l`xyi zceb`n crqd z` exizd miiy`xd mipaxd mbe,ozegcl oi`e zeipeig od zeceard ik dprpe,icxgd ewcaiy mdl ricedle milyexia eiyp`l xywzdl oiel axdn ywia oeixeb oa.orevia axd l` zxgnl eribd l`xyi zceb` fkxn iyp`. 45 bevxd axd mr oiiprd z` dpbdd zelert oipra i"`l iy`xd axd d"`ixbdl zxb` iwqpiyec iav sqei axd 'nr,`"qyz fenz,(grx-frx) a-` oeilib,24 dpy,dixen,zay leliga zekexkd milyexia.gp-fp.11,163 959/49 v"`,2îe 1 'qn zizldpn dcewt milyexi fegn dhn dldpn oivw,dxeagz oivw ly ze`xed,milyexi fegn dhn dxeagz oivw ;12.10.1948Îe 10.1948.my,14.10.1948,4'qn zizldpn dcewt,dldpnd oivw;my,12.10.1948,zay llgz `l milyexi;15.10.1948,4 'nr meid oezr,zeipeig zecearl zeaviizd meid 43 44 45 21
ekldcin.xzidoi`ywqt`ede,wcvixrymilegdziaaftye`ndidyiwqpiyec j`,iwqpiyecaxdmrjklrxaclxcxtmixt`x"ceyextîonwilbdynaxdmb axd zicxgd dcrd ly oicd zia a`l mze` dptid `ed ziptebd ezyleg awr `ed.zayazeceardz`xizdloi`y`edmbwqtemiperihdz`rnyxy`,qibpa crend lega dl` zeceara cearl deevny milyexia icxgd xeaivl dxeiy xidvd j`,zayazecearlaviizd`licxgdxeaivddyrnl.zaya`lla`,zekeqly dceard igwtn' z` gayl oiiv 'oneid'.dcearl e`vi icxgd xfbndn `ly miax dxefpvd daxrzd o`k. 46 'cearl evx `ly dl` z` egixkd `le zeaic`a eqgiizdy zcear lr mdipax e`ivedy xeqi`d lr xeqnl 'oneid' zkxrnn drpne,zi`avd zywa zeawra oeixeb oa l` oiel axd xyd dpt aey. 47 mibge zezaya mixeviad gilvd mrtde,mibgae zezaya zeceard zaeg z` lhal milyexin l`xyi zceb`. 48 erpkyl lehia lr(xaehwe`a 21) axra ixyza g"ia miiy`xd mipaxd mb ericed jynda `eaz sqep jxev dlri m`y epiive,mibgae zezaya zecearl epzpy ipnfd xzidd,milyexiadcwtnamc`dgekfkxzrclrlaewndidxacd.zcgeindrcedjklr xeaivd ly zeaviizdd zxabdl `iai mibgae zezaya dceard zaeg lehiay oiivy icminxezmilyexiiyp`ysqeiacxaqecivn. 49 leginiadl`zecearlicxgd uegn miyp` ztqez z`ad zeidl jixv oexztdye,oeghiad ipiiprl xzede zetzzyda leg inia zeipeigd zeceard ekynp milyexia miizpia. 50 milyexil izaa zeyxc e`yip s`(xaehwe`a 30) ixyz f"k'ziy`xa' zayae,icxgd xeaivd. 51 el`d zeipeigd zeceara zetzzydd cecirl miax zqpk fkxn ;15.10.1948,1 'nra milyexia l`xyi zceb` fkxn mrhn drcene 1 'nr,oneid onei,oeixebîoa ;zinlerd i"eb` oeikx`,15.10.1948,sqei ac l` milyexi l`xyi zceb`.15.10.1948,746'nr dnglnd yextîonwilb dyn;17.10.1948,4'nr oneid,zegexd z` xirqn milyexia zayd lelg ev dyn,[21.10.1948] h"yz oeyg 'f,dcpwe zixad zevx`a mipaxd zceb` i`iyp l` fkxn oeikx`,[23.10.1948] h"yz oeyg 'h,ztxva l`xyi zceb` fkxn l` yextîonwilb.milyexi i"eb`,oneid,zkxrn xn`n iehiad yteg lr;19.10.1948,2'nr,oneid,oeixebîoa lv` oiel axd.20.10.1948,1'nr oeikx`,24.10.1948,oeixebîoa'c l` oiel'n'i;21.10.1948,yextîonwilb mgpn l` oiel'n'i.milyexi i"eb` fkxn oeikx`e 44806/1-lb dpicnd,zaya dcear lr zepaxd zrced;22.10.1948,1'nr oneid,bgae zezaya dceard ev lhea.24.10.1948,ux`d;22.10.1948,4'nr meid oezr.24.10.1948,dtvd l` yextîonwilb dyn ;1.11.1948,ux`d,milyexi fegna mc`d gek fkx cxyn zrced izaa zeyxc ;milyexi i"eb` fkxn oeikx`,[26.10.1948] h"yz ixyz b"k,mc` gk fkx.31.10.1948,2'nr oneid,zeipeigd zeceard ornl zqpkd 46 47 48 49 50 51 22
'dxva ikep` enr' zpekylen`iapdl`enyaegxaeidiwqpiyecaxdlyezaiyieezia-xen`k aefrl ul`p axd.dnigld zifgl dai`d iyrn ziy`xn jtdy xef`a,g`x'b'giy exftzd daiyid icinlze,xird fkxna migep `l mi`pza xebl xearle ezia z` d`x `ed j`,xingd axd ly ize`ixad eavn miizpia.milyexia zeyxcn izaa mle`.xirdz`aefrlaxiqe,dxvzradnrzeidldlidwdbidpnkenvrldaeg,mizaad`xadl(a`ycegseq)1948hqebe`seqa`vi`edei`texzyixcitl. 52 eze`ixa lr daehl rityi mil jenq mewna xiee`dy deewz jezn eziidyy d`xp,dlw dziid `l zfbtende dxevpd milyexia eziidyy zexnl leaql dkiynnd ezlidwn wegx ezeida xzei eilr dyw dziid milyexil uegn z`gly`eddpydy`xaxra.xtzyd`leze`ixaavnymbdn,dnglndirbtn ywalmi`texdzvritlrz`fdziid'dz`n":xn`pdaemilyexiiyp`lezkxa izgepnmewnniee`nzianwegxzeidldevnxacaqp`pippde,'dzevxad`etx epilr mi`ad miyecwd minia `ixteyc `zxw ycewd xir milyexin igex zti`ye xfgeaxiq`edj`,aia`lzamilegziaaefty`levxminidnkxg`l."daehl meia mevl hilgde,wcv ixrya ftye` `ed.h"yz xetik mei iptl miinei milyexil axra zxgnle,ze`wcpqa caek cer `ed zekeql xetik mei oiay zaya.xetik. 53 xhtp `ed h"yz zekeq dpicnl eqgi aex ly eqgia izedn iepiy lg dpicnd znwde ze`nvrd zngln dtewza iyp`l hxt,dycgd l`xyi zpicne icedid aeyiid zecqen itlk icxgd xeaivd eid `le,zeplcaa mipyd lk elbcy zeicxgd zebltnd.zicxgd dcrde `zxw ixehp dpicnde aeyiid zecqenl dbxcda etxhvd,ux`a icedid aeyiid zecqena zetzey ick minegzd lka zehlgdd zlaw jildza mtzyl dyixc jez,dlynnl llek zizc zifg eniwd s` zeicxgd zebltnd.dpicnd ly diite` aevira wlg zgwl mdiyp`e,zqpkl zepey`xd zexigad z`xwl igxfnd lretde igxfnd mr ztzeyn.zexigaa szzydl dpey`xl e`xwp mdiyp mbe dpicna zeax zeewz dlz `l mbe,zepeivl eqgi z` dpiy `l iwqpiyec axd dziid dpicnd znwd xg`l ezb`c xwir.zicedid dkldd itl lrtzy zicedid dycgd dpicna eiig gxe` z` drxtd `ll miiwle jiyndl lkei icxgd xeaivdy zlynnihixadhcpndmezmrydcaeraxikd`ed.dxezdiwegmpi`diwegy znwd ixg` cin.mixcqdl ribdl yi dnrye,raewd ipehlyd mxebd `id l`xyi.1'nr,31.8.1948,oneid,dytegl`"hilyoxn;75'nr,mlerzenixekf,oncixta`fiav.8.10.1948 oneid,dkxa azkn 52 53 23
lkz`lawzdpicndikdzrzrlmiiekiqoi`"ikxn``ed(1948ipei)dpicnd lhaze,dlgepyz`lawz`idxzeiaaehddxwna.dpicndiiglqiqakdxezd z`milawnye`.ipxbzgewinl`yep`le,dxytdpi`dxezdj`.x`ydlkz` mivexddl`lzexyt`dz`zzlahenokle.llkdze`milawnoi`ye`,dlek,xirlkazeicxgzelidweidiydvx`ed."jkzeyrlelkeiydlekdxezdz`lawl itl zexkene zepben dpiidz odye zeevnde dxezd qiqa lr zeigl dplkez odye,dzenlya dxezd z` miiwi jka dvexd herindy sicry xaq `ed.dpicnd iweg z`wx`le,dlekdxezdmeiwz`dilrlawzdpicndmbymi`pzdexveeiycr. 54 zetqep zei`texi` zepicnae ztxva micwz jkl yi ik oiiv `ed.dzvwn zbdpda ze`xl iwqpiyec axd lgd zniiw dcaerl dziid l`xyi zpicny xg`l zeicedid zelidwdy itk,zipehlyd zeknqd z`,egexl dziid `l m` mb,dpicnd d`xp.zaiign zeknq eig md oda zepicnd zepehlya ze`xl ebdp odibidpne did icxgd xeaivd aex zebidpn ly dpicnd ipiipra zeaxernl xarnd jildzy zebidpnd ly dkinz zrad zlaewn dziidy itk,carica zegtl,eilr laewn zpya dyxc `yp xbi` `aiwr iax lynl jk.dlebd zevx`a zepehlya zizcd ly dax,iwqpi'fcexb xfer miig axde,ezlynn ixye iqextd jlnd ceakl c"vwz oilet zlynn ziabna szzydl oilet icedil dpt,dxezd ilecb zvren y`xe dplie. 55 xiee`d lig wefigl diipyd mlerd zngln axr mekiq ziyi` dpigan :zepigad lkn iwqpiyec axl dyw dziid dpicnd znwd ztewz zenybzd zeawra- zikxr dpigan;ezlgn awre ezaiyine ezian ewezip awrdnglnd- zineiw dpigan;diite`a zipelig dpicn znwde cbpzd el ipeivd oefgd zixeaiv dpigane;milyexi exira cgeinae ux`a ayeid mrd ly eneiw z` dpkiqy lawl jxev did el`d mipezpd lk mr.bletne cxetn icxgd xeaivd ly ezeid - mr cgi.miyibx minegza ugl i`pza miixeaiv dkld iwqt weqtle zehlgd ote`a lertle zehlgd lawl iwqpiyec axd rci,eiig fkxn,d`xedae dxeza ezelcb eweqir fkxna mlern eid `l dxe`kly minegza mb xeaiv bidpnk iahin xeaivd ly eneiw jynd lr xenyl zixwird dniynk eiptl d`x axd.ezegnzde ezlecbe,d`eyd xg`l xzepy izernynd cixyd,i"`a dxezd mler lye icxgd dagx dii`xe zrc lewiy jez zeiyrne zeikxr zexytl ribdl ezlekia mb dzlbzp.d"avpz.ef zkaeqne dyw dtewza.2'nr,18.6.1948,oneid dpy,dixen,oileta dlynnd ziabna zetzzydl `xew lew,iwqpi'fc`xb xfer miig axd jlndceaklzeyxc,l"vfxbi``aiwriaxoe`bd;ar'nr,h"pyzlel`,ai-ioeilib,22.bk-fi'nr,g"lyz oeiq,b-a oeilib,8 dpy,dixen,diqext zlynn ixye 54 55 24
oli` xa le`y axd dxez oicl xeaiv ixgap zcnrd zixeaivd mzelirt oiba `ean zepiqg mixneya driyt 'zelwnae mirexa mcwl' 'gilyieeynivn`lciarivn`ledi`c`zlinlk' 'mixg`icilr`leinvricilr`lizlczyd`ly razpd xg` jlil jixv raezd 'llkz`vlrazpdz`miaiignoi`zipwixdriazla`' zeknqd zl`ya rixkdl zeknqd zl`ye zeknqd zl`y mekiq gtqp 1`ean xnel laewn,ok it lr s`. 2 zxewiaa dieex `idy zixeaiv zegilyd ly dkxc ixgap cbp oic ziaa driazl qiqa gipdl ick,zipiipr elit`,zxewiaa ic oi`y xeaivd ixgap lr zgznpd zxewiad mizrl,mxa. 3 al meza elrty lkk,xeaivd xgapylr`l`,zeiyep`dmdizeyleglre`mdlyzrcdlewiylrzgznpdpi` zeaehzlawkd`xpydnllbazexigadiptlxeaivlaiigzdydnz`gpfipelt zixeaiv dibeqa dlertd deezn z` ezpedk jldna dpiy `edy lr e`,d`pd erbtpydl`m`d:`iddzrdlerddl`yd.zrcdz`gipnxaqd`llznieqn ly dilrtnlrceezdlmipiipernd.'dxez oic' oxw xearjxrpyxwgn ixt`eddf xn`n,l`xyi zpicna xeaivd ixgap ly zeldpzdl qiqak dxezd oic zgpdl 'dxez oic' oxw.azekd mr xyw xevil mipnfen ehzfnxglwxtzenyy"ewli;ai,`mixacloke;bk,`ixacnadxezli"yxyexite`x.cere reazlozipcvikem`ddl`yl,epixn`nwqerdadl`ydoiadpgaddz`yhyhloi` miweg meyiia mwlg lr - ely micaer `l` xeaivd ly mixgap mpi`y - dpicn icaer ievn mixacd xexia ziy`x).crenl oefg cere.dyecwd dxezd it lr swez mdl oi`y.(d"qyz sxega xe`l iz`vedy'`ltd xeztk' qxhpewa 1 2 3 25