oeiv onqex dyn,mrp cxe,on`p acp,jeh l`kin :mikxerd aaeg l`wfgi :zkxrnd xikfn b Û t dpy d"ryz Û l`xyi zeclez xwgl oerax milyexi Û zil`xyid zixehqidd dxagd
okezd dpynd inial`xyiux`icedilyzilklkdmkxca zenbn: iwqly xevinr cenlzde zeaebzde zil`ecd dxezd xayn:zerxwid,ze`xw,zepiixe`: w`ilet dxi`n miipiad inia m`lq`d zevx`a zicedid daygna el oeixebîoa cec ly zeleabd zqitz : oeliy ia` 309 343 407 zxewia ixace mixtq Steven Fine, Art, History and the Historiography of Judaism : onxcl zinley in Roman Antiquity Harvey J. Hames, Ha-Melacha Ha-Ketzara: A Hebrew Traslation: xlinvy sqei of Ramon Llull s Ars brevis Rachel L. Greenblatt, To Tell Their Children: Jewish Communal: m`xt l`wfgi Memory in Early Modern Prague miyp:ixeaivl ihxtd oia,(zekxer) iarxy lgxe ie`fiaîlbet dialiq: oifex oixe` ayenae ueaiwa 435 440 442 447 xwgnd zextqn zkxrna elawzpy mixtq zilbp`a mixivwz 453 456 XXI
,ayenae ueaiwa miyp :ixeaivl ihxtd oia,(zekxer) iarxy lgxe ie`fiaîlbet dialiq 'nr xvi+505,b"ryz milyexie lrt` znx,qpb`n l"i y"r mixtqd z`vede oiwpah ci ocnrne odiig z` ogead,iarxy lgxe ie`fiaîlbet dialiq ly zctwend ozkixra mixn`nd uaew zizxewiad daizkd z` jiynn oey`xd xivd.miixwir mixiv ipy aiaq rp,ayenae ueaiwa miyp ly oeieeyd ly oird zi`xn z` zvzpnd,mixyrd d`nd ly miryzde mipenyd zepy f`n zxkend ly owlg zpn eide ipeivd lrtna exxyy dxcdde dilt`d z` mityeg mixn`nd;l`xyia ixcbnd zeazekd zeqgiizn eil`y ipyd xivd.ayende ueaiwd ± dceard zrepz ly lbcd ilrtna miyp :dveawke zecigik miyp ly (agency) zeihpb`d xiv `ed (cg` szey azek hrnl cala miyp),ixeaivde ihxtd agxna xcbnd iciwtzae mixabl miyp oiay miqgia miiepiy elg dcin efi`ae cvik.oeieey `l m` mb ± zizveawe ziyi` dnver ebiyd cvike,oeieey zbydl miyp elrt ote` dfi`a z`yibcdlgxkdazexgea zeazekdaex ikm`,miax mixn`na iehia icil mi`a dl`mixivipy lapr,mcwîccg dnrpe iarxy lgx,oxhyîzilbxn rayîza,iarxy lgx) miypd ly odibyid,oncixtîbxapfex jlil,mgy dxixtv) olaq z`e oziilt` z` e`(ippb ilxe`,oneipîily xzq`,lxewiq mixwgnd lk `l,z`f mr.(ie`fiaîlbet dialiq,adl `neb din,odkdîzipxb zpr,uiaelxa dti [(d"ryz)tdpy,l`xyizeclezxwgloerax±oeiv].ef dpgad mitwyn jxka ini ziy`xa zedn` ly miigd zeieeg :xwgna epecp mxhy zeibeq lly mixi`n uaewd ixwgn zelretd zrepz oiay miqgid ;(mgy dxixtv) miclia letih ipneia iehia icil e`ay itk ueaiwd ;(oncixtîbxapfex jlil) izcd ayena miyp ly ocnrn ;(oxhyîzilbxn rayîza) miayend zeypl ozaizk ;(odkdîzipxb zpr) diipyd mlerd znglna miihixad zegeka miayen ze`vei miyp ipira dgtyn iqgie zeybx zrad ;('uiaelxa dti) aeyiid ztewza ueaiwa miyp ly zizextqd miyp ly ocnrn ;(xteq l`kine dcrq itiv) miayena miyp ly zenfi ;(ihlt ilb) ueaiwd ixbea ;(mzexîxc` ziex) hxtend ueaiwa miyp lr xegqn ikildz ly mzrtyd;(ippb ilxe`) ipexir ueaiwa dialiq) epini cre mipenyd zepyn zeiveaiwd zerepza ixcbn oeieey opekl ipebx`d un`nde mixwgny ixd,hrn `l azkp ueaiwa miyp ly ocnrn lre odiig zexew lr m`.(ie`fiaîlbet mihlewd ly mxetiq.hxta milerd iayenae llka ayena miyp ly odiig lr enqxet mihren iarxy lgxe mcwîccg dnrp ly odixn`n la`,ewlga sygpe crez,milerd ikixcn,zehlewde miyp ly miigd zegxe` lr lxewiq lapr ly,milyexi xecfexta zeigxfn miyp ly oxetiq lr dl` mixn`n ± miayend iyp axwa dnvrde zepiixe` lr oneipîily xzq` lye,i`xw ayena,mdl encw mihrny,elld mixn`nd.olew z` mirinyne zeler miyp ly onlerl xdev migzet.xwgnl zcgein dnexz milrn zizgtynd dxitqd aevira oke mipind oia dceard zwelgae miilklkd miqgia mipc uaewd ixn`n.izxiwq mb cwnzz jka.eppnf cre ueaiwd ini ziy`xn,mipy miryzk jxe`l miayenae miveaiwa,dligzkln dxexa dziid mixyrd zepya enwedy mipey`xd miayena zixcbnd dceard zwelg.dzxykde rwxwd lr diilrd ly ivelgd alya etzey `l miypd.iarxy lgx d`xny itk zxykdae mitixvd ziipaa wlg elhp od f` e`.miyxbnd zwelg xg`l wx wynl etxhvd od zek`lnae ziad wyna eltih miypd.odly igd wyn z` eniwde zewxi erxf,mivr erhp,yxbnd
[14] zexiwq 448,dpiab enk oefn ixven xeviie,ineiîmei leyia,mgl ziit`,dwqdl micxf seqi` ± dwefgzd zei`lwgd xeviid zecigiy jk opkez izgtynd yxbnd lr dpapy wynd.zeaixe oii,d`ng,zpny oebk,zeiypd zeceara wlg egwl `l mixabd.zial zekenq dpiidz ± wxid obe leld ± 'zeiypd' dziid zi`lwgd dceard oday,sxegd zezra `l mb,leyiade dqiakd,oeiwipd,miclia letihd ztzeyn zeixg`a eid mitpr ipy.dtitg mizrl dziid,miiypd dl` mb,xeviid itpra z`f znerl.dhren zepera,mle`e.xabdlyezeixg`adidqipknddgltdspreli`e,rhndeztxd:befdipaipyly xabd,zi`lwgd dceard ly ixcbnd haidd s` lr.ef dceara mb mixabl miypd eriiq zexread zrepz ly qez`a xzeia deabd ilnqd jxrd zlra dlertd,dceara `et` mitzey eid dyi`de ze`yepmiypyekixrdmixabe,ayenawyndz`miiwldidxyt`i`miypdzcear`la.dceard zi`lwgd dceara zetzey eid miypy d`xn oncixtîbxapfex jlil.iarxy zraew,mdn xzei lera oefnd xeviae zi`lwgd dwihwxta zetzeyd.ea dbdpy ziqgid zepxnyd s` lr,izcd ayena mb ly letkd lerd,z`f mr.izxagd ocnrn xetiyl dnxz j` `ln oeieey miypl dzpwd `l mpn`,oncixtîbxapfexe iarxy ze`xny itk,`eypn dyw iqit xign miypd on dab ziaae wyna dceard zelretd zrepz oia eehpy miqgid lr,oxhyîzilbxn rayîza ly dxn`na mb dler xacde miyp lr zyedy cakd iqitd lerdy d`vn s` oncixtîbxapfex.hcpnd ztewza miayend zexagl dl` lr ueaiwa miigd z` sicrdl `aiwr ipa zizcd xrepd zrepz ly zexbea liaed miayena zepya milyexi xecfexta milerd iayena miypd ly owlg zpn mb did letkd lerd.ayenay zkxtn ziqit dcear ecar miypd.iarxy lgxe mcwîccg dnrp ly oxwgnn dlery itk,dpicnd z`.dlild zerya mb dkynzp dcearde hren oefn ozeyxl cnr,mipexg`d oeixidd iycega mb.dcyd zcearl onr ze`yep eid miphwd odicli zxyt`nd zeayiizda wlg zgwl dhlgdl zetzey eid miypd,iarxy d`xn,mipey`xd miayena ayiizdl obef ipa z` etgcy dl` eid,miclil zedn` cegia,miyp.miihxt miig ly dcin mb dyibcn oncixtîbxapfex jlil s`.zedn`k ociwtz z` xnyl ick (dveawd z` aefrl e`) ayena ef miig jxca exga miypy dcaerd z`e,ayena miypd iig ly ifkxnd xivk idn`d ciwtzd z` eqtzp miclid lecibe dcleddy `l` odiclia eltih miypy wx `l ayena.ozedn`z` ynnl ick dwipin dy`d' :jk z`f `hia lldp ixagn cg`.zihxtd dgtynle xtkl,dne`l zifkxn dnexzk i`ce df spr la`,gilvn epi` ipy spre gilvn cg` i`lwg spr.micli zewipin miypd aex.cli.(146 'nr,iarxy lv` hhevn) 'inewn ev mbe,ixehqid,iaeyii,ine`l ev ± micli.gilvn zedn`d ly dpweicl hlea cebipa zcner hxta izcd ayenae llka ayena zedn`d ly dzxc`d lr mgy dxixtv ly dxn`na ztwzyn `idy itk,mcwend ueaiwa miyp ly dwegcde dlefbd eixg`le,miilklk minrhn mwed szeynd jepigd.oey`xd xecd zeyp ly miclid lecib ipnei miveaiwd zexag zedn`ly,dler xn`nd on.miclid izal miveaiwd lka hrnk miclid exared ewwezyd eze`y ciwtzd z` liabdy izxagd ugll ziivl `l` dxxa dziid `l mipey`xd odizewepiz ly miiee`nd z` `lnl ozdink.mnr inihpi`d xywd getihe odiclia letih ± `lnl zibele`ci`d dqitzd z` oznptd lya mb `l` ozaiaq ly ugld lya wx `le,d`lnzp `l zewepiza szeynd letihd.epnn wgxzdl dt`ye mbt mdiclil mipbxead ly zixedd dwifa dz`xy
449 zxewia ixace mixtq [15] dtiyg oebk,mipneia ztwzynd ziqit dgpfd lr sqep.dyw dgpfda lab,xwgnd raew,micliae mbeiz ick cr dribdy,zelthnd ly ald zeiyw dpiev,zeiphxtq dlk`d zehiyle ynyl,xewl.zeiyi`d mdizetcrdle mdikxvl fea ielibe 'mipiika' e` 'mipnpny'k zewepiz ly ziaihi`ehpi` dpad ellk `l miclid izaa zebedp eidy letihd zehiyy,dler mgy ly dxn`nn 'idn`'d ciwtzd my`xae,zexiy iciwtzl ewgcpy miyp.dty el oi` oiicry clid ly mikxvd ly eliaedy'zeiyp'd zepekzd z`(mipneia xiihvn jk zegtd lkl) ecai`,zelthnk miclid lecib ly ik zixcileqe ziplaeq zten zxag `l `et` epipta bivn miclid zia.ociwtz l` dligzkln oze` dxwgn.dhily irvn`k brlae beiza yeniy dyere miylga zxnrznd,zikxxide zipgek dxag m` `l zizxeqnd dgtynd on zebiizqdd eay,izcd ueaiwa mby dlrn oncixtîbxapfex jlil ly.odiclin owezip lya meiîmeid iiga zfdn`d elaq,dxkdl dkf zedn`d ciwtze dlecb dk dziid iybtnl sqep.zeaiyg dgtynl qgiil ekiynd,miipeligd miveaiwak `ly,izcd ueaiwa z`f mr zexpd zwlcda wlg egwl miclid zezay iaxra ixd,miveaiwd llka mibedp eidy miixdvd xg`.mixedd mr dkxrp zaya ziyilyd dcerqde ziaa m`d mr zexenzl cr,mneiwl mipey`xd mixeyra ueaiwae ayena zexagd miypd enliyy xignd oznexz.zilkza dpey `et` did,miyiyd zepya mixkip elgd xaky dgtynd ly dcnrna miiwl did xyt` i` odicrla oky,izxagd ocnrn xetiyl dliaed miayena miypd ly zilklkd zeawra wyna dtzeyl dyi`d ly dzkitd mr,iweg cnn mb did ocnrn xetiyl.wynd z` rayîza) l"wwd ly dxikgd ifeg lr mixabe miyp znzgd lr zelretd zrepz ly dwa`n miypd on jqgp miveaiwa.oteba enliy od ± letkd lerd ± mibyidd xign z`.(oxhyîzilbxn lya dligz,zexiyd zecearl miypd ewgcp my j`,ayena miypd onvr lr egwly iqitd lerd,miypl zenieqn zeiyi` zepekz qegii lyae oekin ikildz lya okn xg`le labend iqitd ogek.ytp ixeqii elaq odiclin ewzepy zedn`d.zezigpe lekqz iybx ly mzegztzdl eliaed dl`e lehial seqal liaedy,idn`d ciwtzd zagxd mr,dptn lg ueaiwd ly iyilyde ipyd xeca zradlrihltilblydxwgna.(ueaiwdzeyplyzeihpb`ldfiepiyqgiilyi)ztzeynddpild zipirxbd dgtynd z`y ueaiwd icli ly iyilyd xecd ipan micg` micirn dgtyn iqgie zeybx mixedd xcga miixdvd xg` iqwhy dler zeiecr dnkn.ztzeynd dpild zexnl ybx iig e`lin.zkneze zade` dgtyn ly dzeyabzdl eliaed eicgi eliay zeryde,mge inihpi` ybtn epnif xeaiva egeexy zeixcbnd zenxepl eprp s` ipyd xecd ipa mixedd ly ziybxd zebdpzdd iqetc mipii`exn.iybx weti`e ceak,zeiztk` eriad mixab eli`e db`ce zeyibx xzei eriad miyp:ipexird micaer mixed ly efn dpey dziid `l mdixed ly mzexedy exaq ztzeynd dpila elcby micg` cegiiae mdiign mdixed ly mxcrid lr dyw zxewia egzn mixg` eli`e,xira ipepiad cnrnd ipa ziybxddxenzdlrecirdyineids`.mnraexwrbnnmzerpnidlrewte`ndiybxdmpepbqlr mixirvdmdig`lymzecliyjklreziziaddpillmixirvdmdig`lymzqipkmrmdixedadlgy iybx oepbq bidpd ueaiwa oey`xd xecdy,oiadl ozip ihlt ly dxn`nn.mdly efn dpey dziid dzxfg mr.dfn dgtynd dpan iepiy z`e dfn miipeghiade miilklkd mixbz`d z` m`zy,wte`n df oiipry dnec j` ± mixedd ly zeiybxd zeyiba mb dxenz dlgy d`xp ueaiwl dgtynd ly.sqep xwgn jixvn
[16] zexiwq 450 miveaiwd zhxtd j`,miypd ly iybxd oavn z` ile` dxtiy ztzeynd dpild ly dlehia dwinrd wx,dnr caa ca e` dixg`l d`ae dtkzy,miryzd zepya ilklk xayna mipezp eidy ueaiwa ixcbn oeieey i` ly zewihwxt lr adl `neb din ly dxwgnn.ixcbnd oeieeyd i` z` ektde eaw ziad zek`lne dyi`d ly ixwird dciwtzk dzrn dxcbed zedn`dy,dler hxtend exkyl d`eeyda jenp xky odl mleye zeiwlg zeceara zewqren elgd miyp.ziypd diiyrd cwen zeqitza miwifgnd mildpn zeynynd giyd zewihwxt z` zxwegd ztyeg xn`na.xabd ly qez`d ly lt`d cvd z` zexi`ne zixcbn dilt` zeeqnd,'ycgznd' ueaiwa zeilxailîe`ip.iziiyrzîxzad ocira iledipd Îmiilklk iepiy ikildzl eliaed i`lwgd xfbnd ly ezeaiyg zcixie ixtkd agxna zexenzd miyp elgd,dlkyde izxag oed miypd exav mday,miwizeed miayena.miayena mb miizxag,milerd iayenay,mipreh xteq l`kine dcrq itiv.i`lwgd megza `ly miwqr miwdl zeinfi zxbqna dzweqrz z`e dyi`d z` dywep ote`a aivn izgtynd lcend,zizxeqn diiqelke`d mday mb miyp,ziad wyna izxeqnd ociwtz ielinn cal,miwizeed miayena z`f znerl.ziad wyn jlile iarxy lgx ly odixwgnn mb xen`k dler jke) i`lwgd wynd ledipl zetzey eid mr ok lre,ocnrn z` mivrd zi`lwgd dceara ozetzey lya exavy gekd.(oncixtîbxapfex wynlyzeqpkddonxkipwlgdnxzozqpkdezeinfiektdodzi`lwgdzelirtdlygtpdzcixi miigd gxe`y,dler oneipîily xzq`e lxewiq lapr,iarxy lgxe mcwîccg dnrp ly odixwgnn.ziad oezn ote`a m` mb,milerd iayena zeizxeqnîzeigxfn zelidwa s` miyp znvrdl mxz iayend gkep,iarxye mcwîccg zeraew,rwxwd lr diilrd zra.xteqe dcrq ly mxn`na xiihvnd dfn dcearl miypd enzxp dlgzdd one,zizxeqnd zixcbnd miciwtzd zwelg dgkzyp,ineiwd gxekd agxn ly znieqn dlcbdl dliaed izgtynd wyna miypd ly ozetzey.dgtynd zqpxtle ziqitd zeiepncfdd z` elvip ozvw.zeipwe weeiy,dcear ikxevl ziad inegzn e`vi od.odly drepzd efg`pymiypdzvwn.ipydxecdzepaljxcdz`jkaellqeziqiqadlkydeykxeokxcaexwipy ly dxcrid,z`f mr.zinvrd ozxkda xetiyl liaed xacde zevelgk onvr eqtz s` rwxwa z` spnl odn drpn mipind oia miqgid z` zepyle ixcbn oeieey biydl jxevd xaca zercen.dgtyna izxagd ocnrn z` eceqin zepyle miilklkd odibyid d`xn,miypd.mixvn i`vei mi`xw ly miler ayen ly icegii oganîdxwn dbivn lxewiq lapr xg` dwgzn `id.iqgi oeieeyn zepdp miypd day,zil`xyid dxaga alzydl eywia,lxewiq zeayiizdde diilrd zeawra dlidwa ebdpy zeizcd zewihwxta ellegzdy zkld zewigxn zexenzd mzerpnid lr exzie e` lyal cenll evl`p,dzlib jk,mixabd.(dcipd ixeqi`l xeywd lka cegiia) odilra z` ektd miyp,d`nehd zexiarnk qtzidl mewna.dcipd mziirx ly diliyaz zlik`n,wihqlt `qk lr ceciaa zayei dcipd dyi`dy i`xwd bdpnl cebipa.d`neh zpkqa miievny inl miigdixcqamixg`edl`mixirfmiiepiy.`nhidl`lyickwihqltd`qklrzaylmixabelgd o`k mb,mixg` miler iayenak.mipind oia miqgia lgy wenrd ixcbnd iepiyd lr micirn dxitqa alzydle ziziad dxitqd on z`vl ayend zeyp z` daiig zi`lwgd dceara zealzydd ocnrn z` zelrdl odl driiq ziad wynl zilklkd oznexz,mixg` miayena enke.zixeaivd
451 zxewia ixace mixtq [17] et`y `l miyp df ayena mby d`xp,iarxye mcwîccg ly oxwgnn dlry mbcl dneca.ixcbnd miveli`l zeprid jezn,mle`e.odl eriiqiy zca miiepiy olbc lr ezxg `le zeixcbn zektdnl zexec ipy jez exvi od,zizcd ozepey lya mda elwzpy miizxag miiywle mii`lwge miilklk.xaran xzei miipeieey xcbn iqgil dliaedy,dpey ze`ivn,milerd iayenl zeliigîzexen ly gelyn zervn`a,dpicnd ly dzeaxrzd mby d`xp,seqal miqgid z` xi`n 'zexrad xeria' rvan lr oneipîily xzq` ly dxn`n.miypd znvrdl dnxz rvand znexz z`e milerd iayena miclia zeltehnd miypl zexirvd zexend oia enwxpy mitid dxagl ihpeelx rcia zecinlzd ly zexead z` xindl,rvand ly dibele`ci`d.miccvd ipyl wlgy xg`n,mle`e.miiwd rcid'xeria'e rcin ly zikxxid'dzgpd' icil `iadl crep,zipxcend,odizecinlzn zegt zeqepne zexirv eid zexende,zecinlzd iza jeza jxrp micenild on xkip zexirvd zexenl zexbeand zecinlzd oia.zikxxidî`l zexkidle ziccd dcinll zexyt` dxvep zexend.zepiixe`d znxl xyw ila miypd znvrdl gzt ea didy,zernyn lra bel`ic gztzd `ly,z`fd ziypd zexagde,aezke `exw ecnl zecinlzdy itkn zegt `l odizecinlzn ecnl oneipîily mb enk lxewiq.zelerd miypd ly ocnrna dfefzl dliaed,dl ecbpzd mixab hrn iayena gekd iqgi iepiyl d`xyd xewnk l`xyia ixcbnd oeieeyd zincz ly dgek lr zeriavn ly epepikl d`ixw ea drnyp `ly,ziqgi ipxnyd,izcd ayena mb.miigxfndîmiizxeqnd milerd dz`xdy itk,dwfge dycg ziyp zedf dgnve miiepiy elg,ixcbn oeieey zbydle ipktdn xcq.oncixtîbxapfex dxenz dlg dzervn`ay zlztpd jxcd z` zekxerd zeyibcn uaewd ly dgiztd ixaca xcqa ellegzdy miiepiyd s` lr,uaewa zepecpd mipyd miryzk jxe`l ixcbnd oeieeydîi`a iigae iwegd xcqa,(xge`nd ilxailîe`pd ocirl cre mfilhitwl mfil`iveqn xarnd onl) ilklkd lr orypy,ixcbnd oeieeyd i`y mi`xn uaewa miax mixn`n.ayenae ueaiwa miyp ly meiîmeid,mixabl miypd z` sitknd oepbpn xzepe did,ixeaivd agxnl ihxtd agxnd oia dcxtdd ceqin leabd zffd,ueaiwae ayena miypd ly mibyidd s` lr.ewxet mxh miixcbnd zeleabd meik mbe.oeieeyd i` ly mixhnxtd z` dzpiy m` mb,zekxerd zeraew,eze` dlhia `l ixcbnd eaymewn,ayena`weecyd`xp,ihpb`dxivdl`oeieeydi`xivnepipirz`wizpm`,mekiql ienicd.dnvrd ly dax dcin miypd eeg,ixcbnd xcqa zhlgen dkitd llegl eywia `l miyp mbcd ly zlabend dti`yd eli`e,dxcde lekqz eixeg`n xizqd ueaiwd ly afekd ipeieeyd.izbxcd iepiy ly ezginv z` dxyt` iayend wx `l oegal yi dceard zrepz dcinrdy miizeayiizdd minbcd z`y dxeaq ip`,z`f mr zizxeqnd zicedid dxagd ± `vend zcewpl qgia mb `l`,dyrpy itk,zipey`xd dghadl qgia dceard zrepz dcinrdy miizeayiizdd minbcdy,dlrn ef d`eeyd.dfn zipbxeadîzipexirde dfn oze` ektd,ixeaivd agxnd l` oze` eqipkd od j`,zghaend ux`d l` miyp eliaed `l mpn` ly ezqipke iteziyd xcqd ly ezehhenzd.izxagd ocnrn z` extiye zilklkd diiyrl zetzey.ilklkde izxagd ocnrna dbiqp eeg ode,xwi xigna miypd aexl dzlr ueaiwl ilxailîe`pd xcqd z` bivn,mipenyd zepya cqepy ipexir ueaiw,l`xyia zilpenewd ditehe`d ly xge`nd mbcd lr ixcbn oeieey miiwn df ueaiwy,d`vn ippb ilxe`.iveaiwd l`ci`d ly xzeia mlyd lcend
[18] zexiwq 452 miypd ipexird ueaiwa.zllekd dxaga zgeexd efl dnec zixcbnd dceard zwelgy dcaerd s` zeeyk zehlgdae zeielirta wlg zegwel ode ixeaivd agxna miygxznd mikildzl zeiley opi` `l` ixcbnîiaihwlew ote`a oneqnd lew df oi`,z`f mr.mixabd ly mlewk rnyp olew.ozepeya.envr mc`d ly iyi`d elew edf llk jxcae,zizgtyn e` zizlidw dcnr `hand lew xcbnd xwga ceqi zel`ya mipc ea eqpeky mixn`nd.oiipre daygn xxern epiptly uaewd egxhy zekxerd.zil`xyid dxagd ly mixvd dinegzl xarn mb zecnerd zeibeq mitivn mde.gay lkl `et` zeie`x oxwgn zexrn enxzy (azekde) zeazekde uaewd lr oifex zixe`
CONTENTS 309 Amitzur Shlasky: Trends in the Financial Activity of Palestinian Jews during the First Four Centuries C.E. 343 Meira Polliack: TheCrisis ofliteracy and therise ofkaraism:response to the Disintegration of the Notion of a Dual Torah in Jewish Thought in the Islamic World 407 Avi Shilon: David Ben Gurion on the Issue of Borders Books and Reviews 435 Shulamit Laderman: Steven Fine, Art, History and the Historiography of Judaism in Roman Antiquity 440 Joseph Shatzmiller: Harvey J. Hames, Ha-Melacha Ha-Ketzara: A Hebrew Translation of Ramon Llull s Ars brevis 442 Ted Fram: Rachel L. Greenblatt, To Tell Their Children: Jewish Communal Memory in Early Modern Prague 447 Orit Rozin: Sylvie Fogiel-Bijaoui and Rachel Sharaby (eds.), Private and Public: Women in the Kibbutz and the Moshav 453 Research 456 Books Received XXI Summaries
ZION Editors: NADAV NA AMAN, VERED NOAM, MOSHE ROSMAN, MICHAEL TOCH Editorial Secretary: YEHEZKEL HOVAV VOLUMELXXX 3 2015 A QUARTERLY FOR RESEARCH IN JEWISH HISTORY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF ISRAEL JERUSALEM