oncixt dcedi `ny mixkfpd mitca aezkk zekldd gqep ìd "`nw `xecdn".extqa xagn lihny my miàd miaezkyde miiepiyd jq ìd

oncixt dcedi `ny `l` ztxv inkg lv` m"anxd zerc xekfi` `l :rahnd ly ipyd cva weqrp ep` lecbd axd",dyn epax ly eyxcn zial wcv "dxen dnly" epax iyexit zrbd xypd" xeaig itc lr ygxzn ezernyn z` oegal miywan ep`y ybtnd 2."l"vf ly eci azka - dxez dpyn ly oey`xd gqepd on mixwid micixya,ynn "lecbd gqepd - dxez dpyn" iz`vxda mneqxte elld mitcd z` izxìz xak.m"anxd dincwà miiwzdy xidw zfipbe m"anxd qpka iz`ypy,"m"anxd ci azkay oey`xd lr m"anxd ly ezepryd zl`ya my izgzt s` 3 ;d"qyz 'a xcà 'ka mircnl mi`znd ycg geqip dibde oey`xd egeqip z` wgn,ea xfgy drya i"yx zehiy.jnqn ezeày zekld dnka i"yx yexitl mixnyn,"mihtyn" xtqn maex,micenr mirax` mdy,mitc mixyr hrnk xz`îlr zewignd caln.lecbd xeaigd zaizk ly wzxnd jildzd z` epl minlvne azkpa etlgedy zewignd xwira epal zneyz z` zeqtez,dxeyd jynda aezkwe xidn qenlew silgd cvik iygen oteàe lilra epl ze`xnd,zepeilbae oihiyd oia.dycg drca dpey`x drc epax ly mze` dpkp ;dxez dpyn zaizk ly mialy drax`l qgiizp oldlc epixaca miinewn mipewiz ly dveaw lr dxend,df gpen ly wiecn yeniya,"zexecdn" 4 mixkfpd mitca aezkk zekldd gqep ìd "`nw `xecdn".extqa xagn lihny my miàd miaezkyde miiepiyd jq ìd 6 "`piipz `xecdn" 5 ;dpey`xd daizka `piipz `xecdn gqep zwzrda lrty èd envr m"anxdy gken.oihiyd oiae zepeilba daxd diipyd dxecdnd ipewiz caln ea miàe,mlera uteiy gqepd zpkd myl `xecdn" dpeki df aly - llk epiptly dheiha miaezk mpi`y miycg migeqip dl` migeqipe,ely ihxtd wzera dibdl jiynd m"anxdy epl reci mb."d`zilz ixtqn dbed",mqxetnd cxetqwe` i"ka aezkk - extqn edbedy miwzerl ewzred ;mlerd inkgl m"anxd azky zeaeyza evtede - "l"vf oenin iaxa dyn ip`.ziriaxd dxecdnd,"d`riax `xecdn" e`xwi elld zepeyld oiicd l`ppg 'x",oiihieb c"y ;9 'rd 413 'nr,my aeleweqe lbetxpw :epiir elld miiepikd lr.373 'nr,(`"nyz) p,uiaxz,"m"anxd ly epzegn,aicpd lèny 'xia lecbd.1 'rd lirl,oncixt i"y e`x zkixra,ezxivia mipeir - i"yx,"zexecdne zedbd - cenlzl i"yx iyexit",oncixt i"y e`x.151-148 'nr,b"pyz obîznx,cltpiihy `"v oiè,oepbqe geqip myl xwira `l`,dxfg cbpk mpi`y,xz`îlry mipewizde zewignd sexivae.zxg` dxecdn mpic.diipyd dxecdnd = 2 3 4 5 6 406

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit dpyn ly mixiyid gqepd icr lkn ('b gtqpa oldl àen) qiqtepiq zpkd zrya xdev gzetd,riztn xac xxazp,mda miwqer ep`y zexiky zekldn mirhwl dxez qiqtepiq ly eaex jldna.ziyilyd dxecdnd on dzpgade ziriaxd dxecdnd zxkdl elld - libxk ci iazka miltepd dl`k,xzeia milw miiepiy `l` mièx ep` oi` df ynn ly zerici iabl mzeaiyg la`,wiecn gqep zriawa minrtl riiql miieyr dcg dwelg riztna zpnzqn miccea zenewna mle`.hrnk dgipf xeaigd zecleza izya eaexa aiwr zeveawd izya cid iazk ly makxd :gqep ly zeveaw izyl ipewiz z` ehlw zeveawd zgày gqepd icry ìd izxryd.oda izwqry zeiexwid ziaxra oeiv `yep (G III 2 lìxewq` i"k) mdn cg`y itke 7,ziriaxd dxecdnd 8.xagnd wzer it lr dbedy cirnd ynzyd `le i"yx yexit z` xikd `l m"anxdy mixwegd oia zniiwd dnkqenl lra ìigi oa dilcb 'x ly eixaca,mipexg`d ztewz zligzn miyxey yi ea ly epnf iptl drxi` `l i"yx ly ezelirty wiqd dilcb 'x."dlawd zlyly" :epeyl dfe ;i"yx ixac z` ìan m"anxd oi` recn ezdinz jnq lr,m"anxd mcew did i"yx m`y...eil` mcew `le m"anxd xeca did i"yxy iala izxn` ipè `vne rbi m"anxde dlebd ipir mixi`n iwpe aw md i"yx xeagy eprci xak ma"nxd xyt` jiè,eizeaeyze eizexbè eixeaga milecb minkgd xikfne l`xyi ixeag lk rcep ila ileàe execa didy xnel jixv `l`,mewn meya mlerl oe`bd df xikfi `ly 9.elv` eny mdn cg` oiè zicxtq daizka miaezk rixknd maexy,ci iazk dryzn zakxen ef dveaw,ziwlhi` daizka cg`,zicxtq daizka miaezk dying,drayd jezn.zifpky` daizk aezk,(!daev mxà wzredy cgè m"anxd xtqn wzredy oeiva mdn cg`) zigxfn daizka miipy dpey ziyilyd dxecdnd z` zllekd dveawd akxd.(!1382 zpyn) zipniz daizka cgè lecb aikxn.dyelye mixyr jezn dryz,lecb aikxn da mieedn mifpky`d cid iazke,ce`n cg`,zipniz daizka ci iazk drax` mziè,zicxtq daizka ci iazk èd (dpeny) xg` ziriaxd dxecdnd :zpiiprn dpwqn zpnzqn o`kn.ziwlhi` daizka cgè,ziqxt daizka `l ziriaxd dxecdnd ipewiz ;zicxtq daizka e` cxtqa eazkpy mixtqa xwira dxnzyp dxecdnd z` mixnyn mde,ef dwicaa ze`vezd lr ritydl zwtqn dcina fpky`l eribd,d"i`,aexwa dwicad zrixi z` aigxdl dqpp.'a gtqpa oldl e`x cid iazk ihxtl.ziyilyd.xzei lecb swida df `vnn crzle oegal ick.hpxhpi` xzà yibp didiy,dxez dpyn lk lr gqepd icr ly qiqtepiq zpkd opkzn ip` eizehiyl m"anxd iwqt qgi zwica xyt`n zepey`xd yelyd lr sqepa ziriax dxecdn iedif.m"anxd zcear ly mialy drax` jxe`l i"yx ly lèny 'xia ield dnly" icia wzred xtqd.xewnd qtehl deeyed = "xv`l` d'kqp ilr laew".ai 'nr,c"qyz minec` dlrn,`,zliy 'i 'cdn,wiecn m"anx e`x - "l"vf likynd oiicd.ìw-iw 'nr,a"kyz milyexi,dlawd zlyly e`x 7 8 9 407

oncixt dcedi `ny lr ìd s` zkneq mixyrd d`nd ly dpey`xd zivgnd ly mixwegd zpwqny dnec zegtle,m"anxd ly "eizeaeyze eizexbè eixeaga" i"yx ly yxetn xekfi` xcrd iyexit xikd `l oiicr m"anxd ok`" :xpilxa mdxa` oeyl dfe ;mdixacn rnzyn jk 10 dxvwa xird hwicpa f"a."mda ynzyn mbe mxikfn mdxa` 'x epa mle`,i"yx azeke mzeq oexa mely sè 11."oiicr i"yx z` xikfn epi`,recik,m"anxd s`" ik Maimonidesl unfamiliarity with Rashi's Commentary has long been ik mb" :jk rnyî`z l`xyi mkiq zixard dictelwivpày "i"yx" jxra 12.noted dtewzn dfipbd on mixtq-zeniyxa xkfp èd ;12d d`nd dptna rcep xak gxfna yexit z` xikd `l m"anxd mpn`.dfipba e`vnp yexitd sebn mihrn micixy sè,ef Maimonides apparently did not know any of :xird qwet iave 13."i"yx 14.Rashi's Commentaries dxiwg `lle,i"yx ly yxetn xekfi` xcrd lr d`xpd lkk zeqqean elld zercd xekfi`d xcrd mle`.i"yx yexitl ìltdl mda minec m"anxd ixacy zenewnd lka m"anxd uniw llka ixdy,dwizyd on zei`xd x`yn zegt s` giken opc dxwna `l ine yxetna xkfii in zcgein dhiy ecia yiy xytè,minkgd zeny ixekfà eizexbiàe eizeaeyza l`ppg epax z` m"anxd xikfd `l dpd,mkzrc epz 15.xkfii 192 'nr,h"kyz milyexi,a,mixgap miazk,"i"yx iyexit zeclezl",xpilxa '` e`x.(dybcd iztqed) 'nr,(i"yz) `k,uiaxz,"s"ixd zekld lr melyz ixtqe miyexitn micixy",hwicpa f"a e`x.(dybcd iztqed) 116 'rd 178 S. Baron, A Social and Religious History of the Jews, 3, New York 1958, p. :e`x ly dtiwnd zitxbeilaiad ezhiya zhlea dbixg,llk ceriz `ll à df mekiq.380 n. 121.oexa,ef dpwqn ozin rnyî`z onf xg`l mle`.999 xeh,`l,zixar dictelwivp`,rnyî`z 'i e`x.oldl e`x H. Fox, Maimonides on Aging and the Aged in Light of the Esoteristharmonist Debate, The Thought of Moses Maimonides, Philosophical and Legal :e`x iee`l wix`l dcen ip`) Studies, ed. Ira Robinson et al., Lewiston 1990, p. 376 n. 126.(df oeiv lr e` ipelt mkgl zeqgiizd xnelk efa `veik epax zeaeyz lka oi`" :gt`w i"xd azk jke oexkf xtq,"?od zeixewn melk 'm"anxd' zeaeyze lipel inkg zel`y",gt`w 'i - "ipenl` xacd oi` melk" :zliy i"x azk z`f lre ;bnx 'nr,d"nyz milyexi,a,miqp wgvi axdl melk",zliy 'i - "?micigi zexewna `l` eiptly minkg zeny xikfn epi` m"anxdy reci it lr dnlyd mre,my epiir,dpx 'nr,my,"?od zetiiefn lipel inkgl m"anxd zeaeyz.15 'rd fvz 'nr,(1 'rd lirl,zexbi`) zliy 10 11 12 13 14 15 408

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit m"anxdy mipreh epiid melk,df ccea xekfi`l epikf `l eliè,cala zg` mrt `l` 16?l`ppg epax iyexit z` xikd `l lra) qiiee d"` ixac it lr reci xack ef dpwqn ewiqde exviw dl` mixweg ile` 17 milweye,xzei miagx qiiee ixac mle`.(1881) `"nxz zpyn ("eiyxece xec xec" :azek èd jke ;miccv dnkn z`fd dl`yd z`.y`bin oa` ield sqei epiaxe iqtl` wgvi epax axd md eizeax z`xed ìan ok enke in.l`xyi ux` ipe`be ztxve cxtq ipe`b mb encwda xikfn laa ipe`b caln cer (m"anxd zexb`) oipwr i"x ecinlzl eazkae,xryl lkep `l ztxv ipe`b dpkny md elitè.enya mdn cg` xikfiy eixtq lka iz`vn `l la`,mzq ztxv inkg xikfn rci e` d`x m` il rcep `le eixeaga oexkf el oi` iwgvi dnly epiax ly eyexit lìpc 'xe zevx`d lka i"yx iyexit ehytzp epnfa xaky epzrcn mpn`,eyexit z` `xwe m"anxd ly epa mdxa` epiax iptl daehl mpexkf ìad dicrq x"a ilaad lr 18 (h"i 'iq mdxa` zkxa z"ey) dlebd ipir xe`n dnly opax miyxtnd lecb i"yx daxda ep`vn znàe,i"yx iyexitn rny mipt lk lr m"anxdy xryl yi ok yexit ìan epa `"xy ep`vne,i"yx iyexit mr mini`zn epiax iyexity zenewn oiprd dfa eixac d`x `l la` yxit jk iztxvd dnly epiax axdy rnyy dn dln drenyd itn epnn rci wx ecia i"yx yexit did `ly dgked dfn 20 19.(h"k 'iq my).i"yx ly exeag ecia did `l epiax mby i`cel aexw ok lre e`xe,59-58 'rd,fvz 'nr (1 'rd,lirl) oncixt i"y epiire.459 'nr,`px 'iq,m"anxd z"ey.m"anxd ly cenlz iyexita l`ppg epax yexit zeàen lr oldl.el epiiv `lyk mb zl`yy siqedl aeyg eppiiprl.31 'nr,d"kxz wil,bxacleb xra 'cdn,mdxa` zkxa xtq dilr welg lìpc 'xy,m"anxd ixacay "diyix wiqt" zxcbd aiaq zaaeq ilaad lìpc 'x `nlic àeh da oiirip xnc dizeaihae" :epeyl dfe,[!]i"yx zhiy mb ìd oky oiivn èd la` diyix wiqt yxit l"f dlebd ipir xi`n dnly (!) opax miyxtnd lecby t"rè `nrh da gkyn."ef `xaq il `xidp `le l"f axd jxc lr zeni `le dfa eixac izi`x `l la`,ovvw,'ohag' :yxit jk l"f iztxvd dnly epax axdy izrnye" mixacd ;(43 'nr,mdxa` zkxa) 'eke "ovvw epid ohag yxti `ly in lr ip` dnze,oiprd l"f ède" :m"anxd zrc iabl dl`ya azk lìpc 'xe.a"r h dkeqay "ohagya" lr exn`p yexit ixac lr mdxa` 'x rnyy dreny mle`."rwxwd on dyilze dvivw oirk ef dhagy xaq,dhnl eitpr lityd.ohagya" :my aezk jky,eyexita epiptl aezkd on ìd jtd i"yx ilin lk `ziixe`cnc,dlhane eilr dax xyk jkqe,oira oi`xp oiè,xyk jkq mr oiaxern,dreh dtily e` dyilz dhag yxtnde,dltyd oeyl cenlzay dhag oeyl lke...àexa lha.'eke "mixaegn `yixc llkn,ovvw e` ipzw `d èd yelz iè ipd` i`n èd xaegn i`c,xlyxd 'n) "(o"aixd = ozp xa dcedi epiax iyexit e`) dkeq zkqnl i"yx ly `nw dxecdn"ae e`l heaigc,ìd `zlin `le,ovvwy ohagya ixn`c ziè" :cpw 'nr,([h"kyz] cn,ipiq 16 17 18 19 409

oncixt dcedi `ny xyt`.mdxa` 'x ly ecia did `l i"yx yexity "dgked"a eixac z` miiq qiiee eiperihn ylgd èd df oerih mle`,eixg` miàd lr rityd "dgked" oeyla meiqdy lre "i"yx yexit" lr wiqdy dn cgeinae,(iaeigd oeeikl mihn ok` maexy) qiiee ly i"yx yexity `l` dgked o`k oi` ixdy,dl` minkg cia eid `ly "i"yx ly exeag" cenlzl i"yx iyexity meik reci.dry dzeà m"a`x iptl did `l dkeq zkqnl zg` zibelewicew dcigia cgi evaew `l mlerny xnel aexwe,zezkqn zezkqn evted xikfn,m"anxd ly epnf oa,xcqd y`x sqei ax 21.cenlzd ly divpe qetcl cr,eny ly yxetn oeiva sè,i"yx èd,"iztxvd" ly eiyexitn dnk eixtq zniyxa 22.oileg,dxf dcear,`nw àa,migqt :zezkqn zezkqn mde.df yexitn ìvedl à èd,daxc` `l`,ovvw "ohag" yxit `l i"yx ixd."èd dvivw oeyl `l eini zlgza l"f ix`n àè" :azk jke.mdxa` 'x rnyy drenya mixacd ektdp `nye azka) opixg` `yexit ohag ea yxit dkeq zkqn `xnb lr ely yexitde ovvw ohag yxtn did eze` izpwiz ipè oiyxtnd zvwn zrck ("`pixg`" [Ox. Bodl. Hunt 185] wzred epnny cid alele dkeqe xtey zekld oiire."di`xd ef iz`vede ovvw ohag izyxte l"f ezèva xeaigd lr,dkeq zkqnl l`ppg epiax yexite ;milkd i`yep ixacae,my c"a`xd zdbdae,b"id-a"id d"t m"anxd yexita e`xe.my zexrdae hi 'nr,c"pyz milyexi,xbvn c"xe wi'viiaeleq `"x 'cdn wnerl oeir wwef xacde ;20 dxrde rx 'nr,xewn mr gt`w 'cdn,(c"n `"t dkeq) dpynl zeevna mdxa` 'x bdp ixd,elyn "oewiz"e zelirt lr o`k m"a`x xqeny drcedl xy`.etebl dpynd yexita edbedy zedbdd x`yl m`zda cenlzl miyexitd wzera oeyld dibdl eia` ifpky` l`lva 'x ly ezecr epicia yi jk lr.m"anxd ly eizexfg zeawra dxez dpynae l"fe xxea df 'ta oixcdpql eiyexita m"anxdl iz`vne" :a"r hw zeaezkl zvaewn dhiya oyep oyi diz`vne,oixcdpql ezhya `vnp jk...mei lka opipiic jk ield sqedi epiax xnè.mdxa` epiax ciqgd epa ci zaizk oeilbl aiaq dide,envr axdl zay zhiy mr ;"yxtnd m"anxd ci zaizkn dzidy ef dhiy lr xwy`l` oa dyn x"xdnk oiicd cird mb zaizkn oixcdpq yexit icil dp` myd ik mkl erc daeyz" :`kw 'iq,xwyl` m"xdn z"eyae opipiic l"f ield sqei epiax xnè l"f envra df xac my aezke l"f m"anxd ycwd zxdh ci caln,dxaqd zpzep oke dlr icdqn `wc iaxax ipax ixz o`n ifg wete.eixac k"r...mei lka 'nr,b"kyz milyexi,y"wf l"in 'cdn,cenlzl m"anxd iyecig :epiire."dxyid ezii`x,(b"qyz) [bk] g zepetq,"envr ixac yxtnk m"anxd",dwypd 'c ;hw-gw,fp-ep,hl-gl.132 'rd 151 'nr.231 'nr,(`"nxz) `,cenlz zia,"oenin oa dyn epiax axd zeclez",qiiee d"` e`x S. Friedman, From Sinai to Cyberspace: the Transmission of the Talmud in :epiire Every Age, Printing the Talmud, from Bomberg to Schottenstein, eds. S.L. Mintz & G.M. Goldstein, New York 2005, p. 149 [mi]gqt 'xit" :84 'nr,(i"yz) ek,xtq zixw,"xcqd y`x sqei ax",oeqnxa` 'y e`x zeniyxae.(108 'rd 90 'nr) "migqtl i"yxitl dpekdy xyt`" :xicdnd azke ;"iztxvll mitxbehe` mixtq zeniyx izy",ipel` 'p - "wgvi oa dnly epiaxl f"r 'xit" :yxetna zexg` 'xit" ;63 'rde 553-552 'nr,(b"kyz) gl,xtq zixw,"(a"id d`nd) xcqd y`x sqei ax ly,xtq zixw,"xcqd y`x sqeil ztqep mixtq zniyx",xaiiy '` - "iztxvd dnly 'xl `nw 20 21 22 410

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit ce`n miwegx mixacd 23,"oiprd dfa eixac izi`x `l",mdxa` 'x ixacl xy` ilaad lìpc 'x xikfdyk.cenlzd lry i"yx iyexitn xac d`x `l mlerny dxdvdn mdxa` 'x aibd `l llk 24,"dlebd ipir xi`n dnly (!) opax miyxtnd lecb" m` mkgd ly eaih xikn epi`y in dyriy itk,i"yx yexit lr dl`ya e` ddinza lr c"a`xd cinlz jexa x"a xi`n 'x zl`ya oicd ède.eixac lr jnzqd lèydy 25 xac m"a`x xird `le,"'it l"vf dnly 'iaxc" da gzty,zay zkqna dpyn èd oekpd yexitdy rawy dna m"anxd yexitn wizrd `l`,i"yx ly eny xekfi`l axd" yxity dn drinyd on rci m"a`x 26.(y`bin oa` =) l"f ield sqei 'x ly df d`x mby eixacn rnzydl ieyre,reiql exikfn ède,"l"f iztxvd dnly epax 27 dxezl i"yx yexit z` xikfde d`x ok`y itk,cenlzd lr eiyexit zvwn eipira 28 zexkfend i"yx zehiya ozepe `yep mdxa` 'x oi`.i"yxl "qcxtd xtq" z` elitè yexitn wzer zbyd dzid h`hqetl driqpa sqei ax ly eizeniyn oia.547 'nr,(h"kyz) cn,14 'rd lirl) qwet ixac.(543-540 'nr my) "iztxvll oileg 'it" :(536 'nr,my) oilegl i"yx.oewiz miperh (126 dxrd seqa,377 'nr.19 'rd,lirl.18 'rd,lirl.9 'nr b 'iq,c"vxz mlyexi,oniixt g"` 'cdn,m"anxd zeaeyz e`x izwzrd dpde ìyew ea x`yi `ly yexit dze` yxite delna dnwe` l"f ield sqei epiaxe" xg` oipr dkldd dzeà xàl jixv epi` yexitd eze` mre l"vf ix`n à` ici azkn jl eze` dlne zeà ze` yexitd gqep èd dfe.epnn xzi wcwecn dkldd dzeà yexit `kilc il d`xie.ap 'nr,(19 'rd,lirl) y"wf ;10 'nr,(my) oniixt - "dlna,oecpel) zenye ziy`xa iynegl,m"anxd oa mdxa` iax ly eyexita" :z`f azk rnyî`z jxc `l`,eia` `le èd `l,eil` wwfp `l ik xexae,cala miinrt e` mrt i"yx xkfp (g"iyz x`cnl` dcedi iax ly eizehiy",rnyî`z n"i - "'d icaerl witqnd' extqa mb oke,irx` ipy syg yetigd.19 'rd eh 'nr,b"pyz milyexi,izax oileg zhigy yexit,"s"ixd lr yexite" = "l"f iztxv dnly 'x dxk'c cw gxyl` `'cde" :zeny-ziy`xal yexita zenewn xxb on dp` jl'c mdt`t" ;(`n-n 'nr ;fh,k ziy`xal) "l"f iztxv dnly 'x exikfd xak df l"f `xfr oa mdxa` 'x dl dapz cwe oikx`yl` on xi'zk dl dazpi mk i'cl` xiq`qtzl` `l miyxtnd on miaxy miyexitay xgaend on èdy df oade" = "l"f iztxvlè dil` x`yè ;`n,gk zenyl) "l"f iztxvde eil` fnxe l"f `xfr oa mdxa` 'x el xxerzd xake el exxerzd lr ddef (mebxz) "miyxtnd cg`" mya àend,mdxa` epaxl "l"fg zeyxc"a.(flz-dlz 'nr epiaxl l"fg zeyxc zece` lr xn`n",uiaxed '` e`x - i"yx yexitk uiaxed xfrl` ici ceakl laeid xtq,"xid`w zfipba dlbzpy iaxrd xewnd jezn cixy ;m"anxd oa mdxa` witqnd xtq"l xy`.163 'nr,1974 wxeiîeip,oiwvihq l"è biped a"y zkixra,lwpit ryedi.dàd dxrda e`x,"myd icaerl l`w `nk" ;"qcxtl` it l"f iztxvd dnly epiax xk'c `nk" :myd icaerl witqnd xtqa mdxa` 'x - "zeyx ziying drixke l"f dnly 'x ccvl` `'cd l`w `nk" ;"l"f dnly epiax eeyde ;138-137 'nr,h"nyz obîznx,dpc 'p 'cdn,myd icaerl witqnd xtq,m"anxd oa.dky 'nr,c"txz hytcea,qcxtd xtq 23 24 25 26 27 28 411

oncixt dcedi `ny mewn eqtz mdiyexity minkg xikfdl sicrn èd eizeaeyzae,eze` milèyd ixaca 29.y`bin oa` ield sqei 'x i`ceea,m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa ifkxn,eixac z` da miiq "eiyxece xec xec" lray "dgked"d on mlrzdl èt` ahen m"anxd onfa xak - ` :md elè,miiaeigd eiperih z` ycgn lewyl dnewnae rny mipt lk lr m"anxdy xryl yi - a ;zevx`d lka i"yx iyexit ehytzp.i"yx iyexit mr mini`zn epax iyexity zenewn daxda ep`vn - b ;i"yx iyexitn ztxv inkgn cg` xikfiy m"anxd ixtq lka mewn meya ep`vn `l mpn` mè iyexity zexyt`d dlcbe,i"yx ly eny zxkfdîi` lr ddinzd dzgt 30,enya zipxezd diiyrd lr xaicy drya epnn enlrp `l 31,dricid `"da "iztxvd",i"yx :dxez dpynl dncwda oebk,ztxva exaig mb...ztxvae cxtqae xrpy uxàe l`xyi uxà ecnry mipe`bd el` lke mdne,zecigi zekld yxity in mdn,cenlzd xàl oixeaig xece xec lkay mipe`bd 32.mixcqe zezkqn yxity in mdne,einia eywzpy micigi miwxt yxity xkfei in,zeny zxkfd iabl dxexa zeipicn m"anxl dzidy dxrydd z` epxkfd xak epax lv` mbe 33 ;`weec cxtqe gxfnd inkgl zipgexd ezaxw rwx lr,xkfei `l ine axd ly efn dyegp zegt dhiya m` s`,zeny zxkfda zetcrd eidy dnec mdxa` mnvr z` exxgy,ezgtyn iaexwe ebeg ipa,m"anxd ly eicinlz,z`f znerl.eia` lv` recik zhlea,yxetna eny zxkfda i"yx ixac zàd - elld mixevrnd lkn 35.miqp x"a digxt epax lvè 34 lèny oa l`ppg epax Remarkably, azky dna,dzegcl sè (12 'rd,lirl) oexa ly ezdinz z` oznl lkep jka even his son Abraham seems to have known about it [= Rashi s Commentary] only through inquiries addresses to him by outsiders.enya eil` dpte,qpaext ipa lipel inkg oia ozpedi epaxl aiydy cr.22 'rd,lirl e`x.57 'rd,(1 'rd,lirl) ixn`na izxrdy dn e`xe H.J. Zimmels, Ashkenazim and Sephardim, London 1958 [1976 2 ], pp. 14 15 :e`x milyexi,`peq 'i 'cdn,oiyeciw zkqn s"ixd lr yexit,lèny oa l`ppg epiax :eilr e`x axewn dide m"anxd ly ezvigna ig") 373-372 'nr,(2 'rd,lirl) oiihieb ;6 'nr,d"lyz,"miciqgd lecb,oiicd lèny oa l`ppg 'x lr cer",(oehpt) oepi 'i ;(my epiir - "ce`n eil`,`peq) a"r a oiyeciwl eyexita i"yx ixac z` ìan df l`ppg 'x.77 'nr,(e"nyz) dp,uiaxz axde,l"vf y"x 'ac 'qep o`k cr...dl yxtn l"f [iztxvd dnly 'xe =] v"dyxe" :(k 'nr.dxexa dikx`xiidd.'eke "'d 'ta [z]'eyi` 'lda exeaga 'ne` l"vf n"x [l`x]'yia [oe`]'bd,zay zkqn lr miqp x"a digxt epiax yexit ;my,oiihieb ;12-11 'nr,my,`peq :eilr e`x ly ezvigna ige epnf oa didy") f-d 'nr,g"pyz milyexi,cltyxid g"ae dpyey '` 'cdn l"f iztxvd dnly epiax 'n` jk" :zay zkqn yexita.(d 'nr,"m"anxd oa mdxa` epiax 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 412

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit dpexg`l azky mixaca cd mi`ven eiyxece xec xec lra ly miiaeigd miperihd :epeyl dfe,l"f rnyî`z l`xyi zzl rcei ippi`y,m"anxd ly ztreqnd zipaxd ezxivia zeìltnd zertezd zg` i"yx yexitn zhlgend ezenlrzd ìd,zvwna elit` oevx riayn xaqd dl,eiazka mewn meya i"yx yexitl qgiizn m"anxd oi`,dèx ip`y dnk cr.cenlzl e` dgked uny ila,oerhl ile` ozipy micg` zenewn ìvedl) dlw dfinxa `l sè yilya i`ceeae,a"id d`nd ly dipyd zivgna ik wtq oi`.(oiekzp eil` ik,repky 36.dixeqae mixvna cenlzl i"yx yexit ly miqth ercep xak,dly oexg`d oiè,cenlzl i"yx yexita oiirl [m"anxl,xnelk] el oncfp ik wtq oi` mle`.exagne yexitd ly,llkdîonîz`veid ezlecb lr cnr `l ik zrcd lr zelrdl,ekxc z` lawl did leki `ly xg`n,dwizy eilr dxfb ef dxkd `weec ik xyt`.enir zeccenzdl epnf lk yicwdl el did xyt`îi` mb j`,cgn oey`xd gqepd on micixyd :oldle 37."ipira ìd dcig" miiqe itk,dxez dpyn itc lr i"yx zehiy mr m"anxd ly zeixewnd zehiyd ybtn,ok` inia zicenlzd zeaxzd ly milecbd zexe`nd ipy ybtn èd ixd,oegal dqppy llekd izkldd swidde dagxd drixid ly agxna ldpzd `l df ybtn.miipiad `ll,df agxna gvpnd xeaibd èd m"anxdy dnec - dxez dpyn xtq z` mipiit`nd jez ax lnr `ll xeaigay iztend xcqd z` miwdl dkf `l èd s` ik m`,oixxer 38 lk iyexit,ziphxtd dnxa èd `l` - elld micixyd on xxazny itk,diiyr ick n"xe...xne` l"f 'v y"xe" ;(49 'nr) "'xit l"f 'xv dnly 'xe" ;(21 'nr,my) "`rivn zkqna <y"x>'xit dfe" ;(260,139,130,129 'nr) "l"f y"x" ;(118 'nr) "y"x" ;(77 'nr) "'ne` l"f.(132 'nr) "l"f y"x...l"f 'vd lr rci m"anxd ik wtq oi`.ìdd dtewzd ony dfipbd on mixtqd zeniyx jk lr dpcrze" [mz] awri epiax ly eicinlzn cg` mr ybtp ixdy,miztxvd oia ecnrn lre i"yx ly eneiw.my epiir,eh 'nr,(27 'rd,lirl) rnyî`z e`x - "jk lr xtiq envrae,d`xpk midcnd etwid lr cnl z`vnp...cenlzl i"yx yexitn m"anxd ly ezenlrzd".eh 'nr,my zceare) i"yx ly eyexitn zhlgen zenlrzd onl,efk dxvw dtewz jyna lgy jtdnd ly cre,epa mdxa` iax inia oezn miipiaîaly jxc,m"anxd iiga (...mipey`xd zetqezd ilra.(fh 'nr) "ezxiht xg`l cala xec zepy...i"yxa hrnk zhlgen zelzl jez ellkeye erxkedy xeciqe dpan ly minly mipiipr lr micnl ep` elld micixya oeirn 36 37 38 413

oncixt dcedi `ny el ax eici df megza.maiaqy oznde `ynd ikaqe,envr ipta "xeaic"e "xeaic" mdl jxvy,i"yx,"wcv dxen" ly zipyxtd dpyna mixac mpyi i`ceea.i"yxl jxc"a `l` "yexitd jxc"a jled epi` èdy envr lr dliby,m"anxd,"lecbd axd" 40 39 myl lenrl `weec e`le,`zklidc àil` `zrny iweq` eznbn lke,"xeaigd 41.i"yx dyry itk,bze bz lka dnyl dxedh zipeir dpad z` crzl m` ik,i"yx iyexit z` m"anxd d`x m` dl`ya rixkdl o`k dqpp `l gqepd icixy.ea xfgy m"anxd ly eizexfg zvwna minkgd ipy zehiy zeaxwzd zrxkdl epaxwl ieyr cerizde,df cerizl zcgein zepncfd epl miwiprn oey`xd oeirde icenlzd cenild ly dnxa,mle`.dxiyid zizextqd zeknzqdd zl`y,mler ilecb ipy ly mzrc itl zeibeqe zexnin ly opeail zeclez ixd,ezepyxta e`l,cenlzd cenil ly adfd xez ly milecbd x`y jezn mhilan mznew xeriyy zehiy uniè xfg m"anxdy dricide,zehiyd zeaxwzd `ny.ìd izxhef `zlin zecleza dl`yd zrxkd cbpk xwird od,eiptln oze` azke oze` dbd i"yxy.i"yx iyexita oiir m"anxd m`,dnvrlyk zwzxnd,zextqd zeveaw zenya sè,mdizenye mxetqn,mixtqd akxda elit` mixen` mixacd.daizk ick.1 'rd lirl,ixn`n hexhexta e`x - zg` lkay miwxtd xtqne oakxd,zekldd m"anxd oigan dfa.(`nz-nz 'nr,[1 'rd,lirl] zexbi`,zliy) oiicd qgpt axl zxbià x"a sqei 'xl zxbi`n rhw eeyde.dwihwlìc ly ìxhe `lwy oial zehyten zepwqn oia micneld zxhne" ;(gpx 'nr,my) "cenlzay ozne `yna onfd ielik mipcnld zilkze" :dcedi epiir,elw 'nr,a"lyz milyexi,m"anxd zexb`,gt`w) "cenlzay ozne `yna onfd cea`,dxez dpyna ekxc z` xiaqdl ick z`fd dpgadd z` m"anxd azk ik m`.(33 dxrdae my `l cenlzl eiyexity èd icka `le.llka yexitd jxc lr xeaigd jxc z` sicrdy wtq oi` dnke iziyry miyextd eltè" :epeylae ;(42 'rd,oldl e`xe) mneqxt myl eici lr elteh cr odibdle oze` wcwcl i`pt il x`yp `l,zelt` oicr ody opaxc `pyla izxagy mipipr,xttew '` ;gpwz 'nr,zliy,"xgy enk dtwypd z`f in" zxbi` - "mlerd xe`l e`viy dwypd epiire.218,183-170 'nr,(l"yz) hl,uiaxz,"m"anxd ly zereci izla zeaeyz" oiicr mpn` zenewnd mzeà oiqxcpew epiyr xake" :oke.121 'rd 147 'nr,(19 'rd,lirl) lkay zeyw zekld 'itn edepiyry dn xàl onfd aigxd `ly enk dlertd zilkzl e`vi `l.inlyexid zekld lr mb m"anxd my azek dfke.459 'nr,`px 'iq,m"anxd z"ey - "cenlzd itk dpynd z` yxtl df xeaga izpeke" dncwda azke.jk myl à dpynl eyexit s`y itk "cenlza egcpy miyexitd z` hinydle,mipekpd miyexitd z` wx ìadle,cenlza dyxtzpy wqt illk xqeny dna,h"n 'nr my epiire.`zkldc àil` mipekp,xnel epevx ;(gn 'nr).llk jxca eiyexita wqt `l i"yx eliè.hexhexta dpynl dkld dpynl èan) iwqxah wgvi ixac lr (19 'rd,lirl) dwypd biyd xake.ef iptly dxrda e`x cenill zcnznd ezexiqn" z` m"anxd lv` dlbnd,(13 'nr,`"pyz milyexi,m"anxl dxez."'ziyrn' dkldl dwif `ll,'dnyl' icenlz oeirle 39 40 41 414

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit 42.dvtdl mze` jxr `l mlerny,cenlzl eiyexit z` m"anxd azk "eini zligz"a zrxkn cenlzl m"anxd iyexitn ecxyy micixya i"yx yexitn zenlrzddy dnec 43.zeny xekfià hrnn èd o`k mb mpn` - dwizyd ony dlibx dgkedn xzei 44 yexit calne ecalne,ietvk,yxetnd exekfà hlea y`bn oa` i"x ly yexitd ecia didy xzeia siwnd yexitdy dnece ;mixg` mixekf` oi`y hrnk l`ppg epax wtzqn m"anxd micg` zenewna.l`ppg epax yexit èd onf ezeà m"anxd ly 'ity enk" `l` epi` xeaic eze`l eyexit lke,elyn yexit gqpl mewna eil` diptda lr dtixg zxewia gzen m"anxdy yie 46."l"f l`ppg epiax dyxit" e` 45 "l"f g"x rcz ea oirzyke...èd wegx xace...l"vf l`ppg epiax yxit" :l`ppg epax yexit dyw dry dzeà m"anxd iptl i"yx iyexit eid eli` 47."wcwecn yexit epi`y,mxa.mixgà eilr wlege,zenewnd zvwna zegtl eilr jnzqn did `ly aeygl jxr epaxy drya,hrnk dpy mixyr xeark,xzei zxge`n dtewzl di`x oi` o`kn oncfn oeir jezn.oey`xd egqepa eiptl gpene aezk did xaky xeaigd z` oiwzde,ixard htynd oezpy,"dpexzt jxce dcig - cenlzl m"anxd yexit",rnyî`z n"i e`x,miipiad inia zipaxd zextqa mipeir,mixwgn zqpk,l"pd = 305-299 'nr,(g"nyz) eh-ci dtiwz oeyl",xlqwit 'c ;158,147 'nr,(19 'rd,lirl) dwypd ;c"qyz milyexi,cxtq.gvw-pw 'nr,(d"qyz) elw-dlw,ipiq = m"anxd uaew,"m"anxl dpynd yexita.23 'nr,(19 'rd,lirl) y"wf e`x ezlefe l"vf ia` zedbdn icil oncfpy dn iztqè" :(19 'rd,lirl) dpynl m"anxd zncwd e`x eixaca opeazny in lk dìltn cenlza yi`d eze` zpad ik 'd ige,l"f ield sqei epiax mya zekldd lk iztq` mb.ezhya edenk jln did `l eiptl eilr xnel il xyt`y cr,epeir wnere dne izlki zyleg itk miyexitd on ip` il d`xpy dn mbe,envra eyexita el iz`vny rax`n ueg,oiwifpe miype cren mixcq dyly lr miyexit izxage,micenld on izbydy oileg z` izyxit mb.jkl i`pt iz`vn mxhe,edyn mda aezkl dzr lczyn ip`y zezkqn,dxez dpynae ;(fn 'nr) "izcnly dn lk cenl mr ea izwqry iwqr èd dfe,dl jxevd lcebl ly ellkn dbixg - "l"f eaxe ield sqei 'x axd izeax exed dfke" :e"d d"t oecwte dl`y 'ld dkldd zxeqn l` m"anxd ly hrnk zhlgend ezwif".exeaiga zeny oiivl `ly xagnd,rnyî`z n"i - "dzernyn wner z` xxal ick lecb xeaig dkixv ybinixd ly wqtde,146-136 'nr,(`"lyz) en,xtq zixw,"y`bin oa` ield sqei epiax ly zizextqd ezxivi",mewn lkn.553 'nr,(42 'rd,lirl) mixwgn zqpk = 322-318 'nr,(a"lyz) fn ;553-541 zlyeyd incewl mibedpk gay ixac,zvwna zegtl,o`k yiy zexyt`d z` lhal dyw mifkxnd ziilre laa zriwy",onqexb '` eeyd - laa ipe`b oia ebdpy itke,zizeaxzd zil`xyid zine`ld dincw`d ixac,"zeìvne dcb` - `"id d`na dtexià miycgd miicedid.185-159 'nr,(h"pyz) 9,8 mircnl.aq 'nr,(19 'rd,lirl) y"wf e`x.at,cr 'nr,my.(bi 'nr) "xazqin `l l"vf wgvi axe l`ppg epiax yixtc jde" :oke ;bp-ap 'nr,my 42 43 44 45 46 47 415

Ÿ Ÿ oncixt dcedi `ny dhewpd efk dhiy zaehl dpey`xd ezhiyn m"anxd ea xfg zenewn dnkay izi`x.ef zeaxwzd crzle wecal ie`xy èt` ipnec o`kn - i"yx yexita m"anxd ly eizexfg ly miiywl zexeyw dpey`xd ezhiyn m"anxd oda xfgy zecewpd,mixacd rahn zenewndy siqedl epilr icenlzd xwgnd ly dixlwtqà.dibeqd zepyxta ynn cr,dkex` "ila a Î m cw" zelylzyd zg` `l mitwyn ilaad ziibeqa miywd xewgl yi eply dii`xd zieefn,xg` oeyl.eribdy o`l mixacd eribd jxc `l jxcay gzpl ybip mxha,jkitl.mzepyxta zepeiqpd zkxrd myl miiywd zeedzd z` m"anxd zexfg z` micrznd dxez dpyn ly oey`xd gqepa minieqn mirhw lr,miwxt iy`xa zegtl,hrn drixid z` aigxdl epilr,i"yx iyexitl ezeaxwzde.mdl zeqgiizn m"anxde i"yx zehiyy miicenlzd zexewnd mvr :'a dpyn,iriay wxt `rivn àa dpyna epipy rwxwd on yelzae,dk`ln xnb zrya rwxwl xaegna dyerd :dxezd on oilke` elè.ux`d on elecby xaca,ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr on yelzae,dk`ln xnb oi`y drya rwxwl xaegna dyerd :oilke` oi`y elè.ux`d on elecb oi`y xacae,ezk`ln dxnbpy xg`n rwxwd df ite`n.milret zlik` oiipra dkldd illk mekiqk èd ixd ef dpyn ly dpepbq mixac ixtqa miàd dl`k,dl mincewd zexewn lr dkenq dpyndy fnxidl ozip zlik` ipicn milret zlik` ipic zwqdl micr ep` elld zexewna.(oldl) `ztqezae d`xp.(c,dk mixac) "FWicA xfw mqgz `l" ipic epiidc,dzcear zrya dnda lr ixtqa xn`pl zenec dlik`d zekf z` lretl mipwnd mi`pyl dpyna zexcbddy :ixtqd oeyl dfe ;epnn zeraep epzrcle,eyica xey zlik` èdy drya dk`ln xnb zrya rwxwd on yelze ux`d on eleciby cgein yic dn dk`ln xnb zrya rwxwd on yelze ux`d on eleciby xac lk jk,lke` èd ixd dyer.(305 'nr oihylwpit 'cdn,ftx 'qit mixac ixtq) lke` èd ixd dyer èdy drya èdy drya,dk`ln xnb zrya,rwxwd on yelz,ux`d on elecib - zepekzd rax` ipey`xd ogeqipl zekef ode,xeyd ly yicd zk`lnl dnly dn`zd zeni`zn - dyer micnlpd miagx mipic zepale,odit lr lilkdl dvex yxcnd lrayk irvn` izlade yelz ède ux`d on elecib ixd yc xeydy leaid.yic zrya xeyd lkìy xzidd on 416

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit èdy drya epnn lke` xeyde 48,mihigd zxivw zk`ln xnb èd yicd ;rwxwd on mavn m`,ea micaer mdy leaid on dlikà miigd ilra lk z` zekfl ozip zrk.yc.eyica xey zlik`n ewqedy mi`pzl mi`zn 49 od zrky `l`,`ztqezay dklda ipyn yeniya aey zeà zepekzd rax` :mc`l xeyn zexaren dxnbpy xac,dte`de shwnde yld `vi,ezk`ln dxnbp `ly xac cgein yiic dn.ezk`ln oi`y xac,oiabnde uiagnde alegd `vi,ux`d on eilecby xac cgein yiic dn.ux`d on eilecib xaegnd xac,milvaae meya ykpnd `vi,rwxwd on yelzd xac cgein yiic dn.rwxwa,zexbexbae mixnza lcead `vi,zexyrnl ezk`ln dxnbp `ly xac cgein yic dn.(104 'nr onxail 'cdn,f"d g"t `rivn àa) zexyrnl ezk`ln dxnbpy xac 'eke "cgein yic dn" :dkezn zgken "yic" yxcn lr diepa ef `ztqezy xacd mvr yeciga jexk dl dncwy dyxca `ztqezd dzyry yeniyd.wdaen iyxcn oeyl èd lret zlik` lr zrk micnlne mià "eyica xey meqgz `l" ipic.aeyg izkld 50 mi`lnn mpi`y,lcead `vi,ykpnd `vi,alegd `vi,yld `vi okle,ezceara raxà ynzyn df yecig.milke` mixg`de mc` ipa milret mlekay,dl` mi`pz - ixtqay zepekzd rax` jezn miizy :zcgein dn`zda,lirl zexkfpd zepekzd "dyer èdy drya" ;`ztqeza ex`yp - "rwxwd on yelz"e "ux`d on elecib" xtqnd z` milydl ick ile`,dnewnae da zxfeg dpiè `ztqeza lilk zhnyen "ezk`ln dxnbp `ly xac" :dk`ln xnb gpenl zeaexwd zepekz izy zeà,rax`.yelza lkde,"xyrnl ezk`ln dxnbp `ly xac"e yexit" yic lr azky,(52 'rd,oldl e`x) ilaaay `ziixal icxtq jexa epax yexita epiir milretd z` xkeyd wxtl iyexit epiire) ezqxibae my epiir ;"rwxwd on ozk`ln xnb.([dpkda] daxd llka zynzyn `ztqezd"y oiihyt` p"i azk miyxcna `ztqezd ly dyeniy lr,f"iyz aia` lze milyexi,mi`pzd zextql zeèan - "l`rnyi 'x zian dklddîiyxcna zeliawnl xewn oirk ody,`ztqeza exnzypy zekldl yxcnn zizextq dnixf lr.636 'nr `ztqezde dpynd zeliawn,oey`x gqt zkqn lr `zwizr `ztqez,oncixt i"y e`x,dpyna.df `yepa hxetn xeaig miaezka iz` ;77-75 'nr,b"qyz obîznx,èan sexiva oyexite,`"qyz milyexi,`nw àa zkqn `ztqezl ihilpè ipan yexit,bxalceb '` e`x zxg` drcl.8-2 'nr xbpifly 'cdn,`rivn àal dxigad zia,ixi`n - "lretd l` yic zln yxec dz` s` dzrn".327 'nr 48 49 50 417

Ÿ Ÿ oncixt dcedi `ny lr elegiy,millkd lelkya,`ztqeza xn`pd lr ycg aly dtiqen dpynd mxka àz ik" miweqtd oeylk,xaegna od,xey ly eyick yelza od lret zlik` aezkd lreta" mdilr exn`y,(ek-dk,bk mixac) "Lrx znwa àz ik"e "Lrx.zepekz rax` aey zeà o`k."xacn on eleciby xaca" :dpyna ezxevk mdn cg` x`yp ixtqd ly mixacd zrax`n zxcbd `l`,dlik`d zekfl i`pz epi` zrk mle`,o`k xn`p "yelz" s`."rwxwd "dk`ln xnb" 51."xaegna" s` lke` èd ecbpke,mda lke` mc`dy miavnd ipyn cg` xcben,yelze xaegn epiidc,elld minegzd ipyn cg` lka lretd oic :miinrt à,ixtqd oeylk,"dk`ln xnb zrya" lke` èd xaegna - "dk`ln xnb" it lr dxnbp `ly xac" `ztqezd oeylk,"ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr" lke` èd yelzae."ezk`ln ernynl èt` dnec,"ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr" mc`d lke`y,dpynay yelz oic dxnbp `ly xac" lke` (xeyk) mc`y drawy,cala yelza zwqerd,`ztqeza eyexit "ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr",dpynd ly yelz oica s`."zexyrnl ezk`ln.ipkhîizkld xcb ède,zexyrnl "ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr" èd i"yx itl xnel aexwe,wic oicl ixtqd oeylk èd dpynay "dk`ln xnb zrya" eliè dpyna zrk la` ;eiptl didy,ixtqd oirk yxcnn df iehia lbiq oizipznc `pzy dneca,`l`,izkldîipkh gpen epi` dpyna "dk`ln xnb zrya".xaegn ly oic èd mpn` ixtqa.ixtd zk`ln ly iteq aly onqnd i`lwg gpen èd,ixtqay df oeyll i"yx ly epeylke,xaegnl dpynae,oxebd zk`ln seq,yelza iteq alyk à èd oebk,dk`ln xnb zrya" 52 ;"oxeaig zk`ln xnb" ;"eze` oiylezyk" :dinirce 55 ;(s"ixd lr i"yx) "eleyia dxnbpyn" 54 ;"okxv lk elyazpc" 53 ;"xeval exkyy.xaegna lke`y xnel wiecn znà epi`y s` "yelz" ly reawd ebef oa z` fg` `pzd `vi rwxwd on yelzd xac cgein yiic dn" :xzei wiecn oteà "xaegn" zhwep `ztqezd zexedl à `ztqezay df "xaegn" :al eniye."rwxwa xaegnd xac milvaae meya ykpnd eli`y,epzpynl mcw z`f `ztqez geqipy epzrvd itl zxaqen z`f dcaer!lek`l xeq`y dn lretl oi`y dnl oniqk "xaegn" hwep did melk,`ztqezc `pz iptl zcner ef dpyn dzid!?ea dlik` zekf jilk lè `xwc ditiqe" :mye - àz ik d"c,a"r ft ;dk`ln xnb d"c,`"r ft `rivn àa epax "i`w oxeaig zk`ln xnb zrya `nl`,ozz ziad lra ly eilkl `l` rnyn ozz `l zhiy ;a"r 129,1961 oecpel,oiel 'i 'cdn,xpd xtq) "rwxwdn ozk`ln xnb" :icxtq jexa.56 'rd,oldl e`x la`.(blx 'nr,b"nyz wxeiîeip,iela i"n 'cdn,zeaa yly lr mipencwd.xnb zrya d"c,my i"yxe `"r fp oixcdpq.(lld epax zxecdna) 214 'nr,fqx 'qit mixac ixtql lld epax.ziad lra ly eilkl ozep dz`y onfa d"c,s"ixd itcn `"r ap 51 52 53 54 55 418

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit 57 ;(epzpynl aeh mei zetqez) "oleyia zk`ln xnbp" 56 ;"rwxwd on ozk`ln xnb",xivad zrya" ;(`"r `n,èec`t n"` 'cdn,`zxhef `zwiqt) "ixtd xnbpy drya" 58.(dk,bk mixacl i"yx) "ziad lra ly eilkl ozep dz`y onfa dzegztzd wner z` èt` dxizqn dpynd ly ziteqd dxevd ly dzehyt lry ef zehyt it lr dze` yxtiy oiirnd z` zerhdl s` dlelr ìde,dizexewnn zeaad izyay "dk`ln xnb" yxite mixac ly mwnerl cxi ok` i"yx.ghyd ipt,yelza dfe,eze` oiylezyk xaegna df,ixtd zk`ln xnb ly mipey mialy ipyk zewiecnd zexcbddy it lr s`,dizexewnk zyxtzn dpynd.xyrnl dk`ln xnb.dkeza exkfed `l dpyna "dk`ln" dlind z` qtz m"anxd?m"anxd ici lr mixacd eyxtzp cvik yelza.cgi mb xaegnae yelza :cig` eyexity heyt gpen,lretd ly ezk`lnk xaegna eliè,ezk`ln z` xnby xg`l lek`l el xeqè,ezk`ln zrya lretd lke` 59.lek`l el xeq` ezk`ln zryae,ezk`ln z` xnby xg`l lke` :epeyl dfe ;(`lx 'nr,zeaa yly lr mipencwd zhiy ;`"r 129,xpd xtq) icxtq jexa epax dxnbp xakc,miapr xvea oebk,rwxwd on ozk`ln xnb zrya rwxwl xaegna dyerd" onfa" :my oldle.(52 'rd,lirl epiire) "lke` epi` unegl xqea xvea did m` la`,ozk`ln eilka ezzl ie`xe ezk`ln dxnbpy xaca xnelk,lke` dz` ziad lra ly eilkl ozep dz`y.58 dxrde,oldl e`xe.(alx 'nr ;a"r 129) "lke` dz` a"dra ly cer oikixv opi`y oleya zk`ln xnbpy xnelk.eze` oiylezyk a"xd azk" :epeyl dfe."rwxwl.a"r seq ft `rivn àa e`x...eazk mixagnd ilecb" :ixi`nd ly dxigad zia :e`x - mipey`xl dzywed m"anxd zhiy el` mixac jtd epwqt epè...ezcear xenbiy cr lke` epi` xvewe xvea oebk xaegna dyerde 'k" :fly 'iq htyn oyeg xeh ;(336 'nr my epiire,327 'nr) "ziyingd dpynd zibeqa ozie xevaiy oebk ezcear xenbiyk `l` lke` epi` xvewe xvea oebk xaegna dyerd m"anxd `lniy xg` `l` lke` epi` ep`lnie xevaie xefgie xg` mewnl lqd utpie ep`lniy cr lql xaca `l` dxez dxq` `ly dxivwe dxivaa wqrzny cera lkì `l dnl rcei ipiè k"r lqd 'x."ea wqrzny f"k lek`l leki ezk`ln dxnbpy xaca dyerd la` ezk`ln dxnbp `ly zqqean ìdy m"anxd zhiy lr epazky xaqdl axwzd,dpynd zakxn lra,dnlg dnly 'aegnac w"dc...opzc `d yxtnc i"yxt xg` xxbp c"a`xd dpd" :epeyl dfe,dpynd oeyl lr d"ne...ux`d on eylezy dn dk`ln xnb aiygc dxivw zk`ln dyer k"` `l` lke` epi` 'xnbpyn lek`l 'eq` yelzca 'aegnl yelz oia wlgl epaxl `vi oiipnc c"a`xdl dywed...o`k [epiax azky dn =] x"yn mleè...ezcear xenbiy cr lek`l xeq` xaegnae ezk`ln ixii` `lc `nl` ezk`ln dxnbp `ly xacae dk`ln xnb zryay xaca 'ipzn hiwp `lcnc 'rya lek`l i`yx oi` xvewc ìnec 'aegna dyerdc...dlik`d onfa `l` 'k`lnd [z]'edna `l jilk lè weqtd 'it edfc lkì k"gè d"ra ly eilk jez ozie dxivwd 'enbiy cr 'dxivw xnb mcew lek`l jixv daxc` yelza dyerd la` d"a ly eilk jezl ozep dz`y onfa ozz.(zekixà my epiir,a"d a"it zexiky 'ld) "xyrnl dk`ln 56 57 58 59 419

oncixt dcedi `ny,bk mixac) "oyy `l LilM lè" weqtd on df xeqi` m"anxd cnl dpynd yexita i`yx la`,jilkl zzl jl xeq` ziad lra ly eilkl zzp xaky onfa xnelk.(dk epeylae.lek`l jl xeq` ziad lra ly eilka zzl zniiqy iptl eliè ;lek`l dz` el yi,rwxwd on yelz"y siqede ;"dk`ln xnb cr lkì `l" xaegna :m"anxd ly :"ezk`ln zrya lek`l dlawa àe,(dk,bk mixac) ozz `l jilk lè dlik`d el dxzedy xikya 'd xn` xnb cr lkì `l jkitle,lke` dz` ziad lra ly eilkl ozep dz`y onfa,ezk`ln zrya lek`l el yi,rwxwd on yelz ea caery xacd did mè.dk`ln zrya yelza lke` xeydy enk,eyica xey meqgz `l 'd xn`y dnn df z` epcnle 60.lretd mb jk dk`ln xnb cr,i"yx zhiyl,oky,mc`d ly ezk`ln lr `l` o`k "dk`ln" yxtl ozip `l xnb zry" yi - "ezk`ln zrya lek`l el yi" xnel xyt`îi`,xyrnl dk`ln.llke llk xiaq oepbq epi` "ixtd ly ezk`ln zrya" la`,"ixtd zk`ln ezk`ln zrya xaegna dlik` ly xeqi`d,jliè `nw `xecdnn,dxez dpyna lretl xeq` xnelk.(ek,bk mixac) "Lrx znw lr sipz `l ynxge" weqtd on cnlp dfe ;ezlik`l ynxg sipi `l dxivwa wqer èdy onf lke,ynxgd zrya lek`l :oeyld dxnbp `ly cr lke` yelza dyerdy,xaegna dyerl yelza dyerd oia dn `l` lke` epi` xaegna dyerde,lek`l el xeq` ezk`ln dxnbpyne,ezk`ln 'eke sipz `l ynxge 'py,dyrz `la èd ixd dk`ln zrya la`,ezk`ln xenbiyk `l dxivwa wqer èdy onf lk `l`,ynxgd zrya lkì `ly ecnl drenyd itn 61.ea `veik oke ezlik`l ynxg sipi 62.ely zeevnd xtqa m"anxd xak azk ef drcke.(hr 'nr) a"n f"t `rivn àa,(19 'rd,lirl) m"anxl dpynd yexit.xagnd ci zaizka oey`xd gqepa,a"d a"it zexiky 'ld zrya lkì `ly xikyd xdfedy dxdf`d" :my aezk jke.(ey 'nr,gt`w 'cdn) fqx e`l i'cl` idpl`" :iaxrd xewna) "rwxwl xaegna caer did m` ea caer èdy xacd on ezcear xaegna mc'ki o`k `'c` dit mc'ki i'cl` iyl` on dznc'k l`g it lkì o` or xi'b`l` idp ieevd" :ynn dl` mixac jtd,(qw 'nr) `"x dyra xn`pd on xzqp df xac,dpde.("rwxwl xaegn xac eze` did m` ea caer èdy xacd on ezcear zrya lke` xikyd zeidl epiehvpy iyl` on dznc'k l`g it lkì xi'b`l` oeka `pxn` i'cl` xn`l`" :iaxrd xewna) "rwxwl oiè" fqx e`l lr xird gt`w axd."'ux`là lvzn iyl` jl'c o`k `'c` dit mc'ki i'cl`,cer dne) dxexad dxizqd z` jka ayiil wgec mle`,(34 'rd ey 'nr) "dk`ln xnb ezk`ln 60 61 62 420

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit,ekxc ziy`xn m"anxd ly zizkldd ezpyna zcnere dreaw dhiy ìd ef ixd azk myy,dxez dpyn ly oey`xd gqepl cre,zeevnd xtq cre dpynd yexitn `la èd ixd dk`ln zrya la`,ezk`ln xenbiyk `l` lke` epi` xaegna dyerde" 63 oia m"anxd owizy mipewiza mle`.opiwiqr lret ly ezk`lna ixd - "dyrz zaxwznd,zxg` dhiy qipkdl ligzd,`piipz `xecdn epipira mieednd,oihiyd,elld zekldd ziiyr jildza mikldn drax` xg` aewrp.i"yx zhiyl daxda.iehiad yexitl ef diihp mda dày mixeaica."dk`ln" dlinl ezeqgiizd ìd m"anxd ly eaezkya zhlea dpekz eiazka dyry itk lretd ly ezk`ln lr `l "dk`ln" aqn èd siqedy miycgd èdy yi,lretd zk`ln lr xacl dvex èdyke,ixtd zk`ln lr `l` mincewd 64."dcear" azeke "dk`ln" dlind z` wgen oia zg`,zetqed izy etqep zexiky zeklda oecipd wxtd ly zepey`xd zexeya oilretd" :jk zrk '` dkld oeyl `di elld zetqed izy it lr - oeiliba zgè oihiyd dyrae.(izkldd elrtn ly aly ezeà ixtd zk`ln lr "dk`ln xnb" yxit mxh m"anxdy zthwe jrx znwa àz ik 'eke miapr zlkè jrx mxka àz ik dlrzi exn` ède" :oldl,`"x xaegna lke` mc`dy epcnl el` miweqt ipyn ik d`rivn xnba xàzp xake.jcia zeliln mc` o` `pnlrz oivpl` oi'cd on o` d`rivn xnb it oiiaz cwe" :xewna) "dk`ln xnb zrya e`lde dyrd z` deeyny inl `l` zhlea ef dxizq oi`."dk`ln xnb zrya xaegna lke` xywa" oebk) edylk yexit oiirnd `vni cal `"x dyr oeyl jezn eli`y,mixkfpd zbyde dxez dpyna xen`d lr jix`dy,(gt 'nr) xilrd g"x zxecdna oiire.("ezcearl ileciby xac cgein mxk dn" :`"r ft `rivn àaa.llk ef diyewa rbp `l la`,c"a`xd lret dk`ln xnb zrya rwxw ileciby xac lk s` ea lke` lret dk`ln xnb zryae rwxw cid iazkn wlga dwica.lretd zk`ln xnb lr mixacd z` m"anxd yxit i`ceea."ea lke` iepiy mey miizpia dzlrd `l "dznc'k l`g it lkì" xeaica `"x dyrl iaxrd xewnd ly ceari xy` xacdn dcear zrya lke` xikyd zeidl epiehvpy" :(my) jepigd xtqae.dqxib wlga dwicad z`fa mb!"ezk`ln dxnbp `le ux`d on eleciby xac èdd xacd didiyk ea.df oiipra edylk iepiy dzlrd mxh cid iazkn zrya `l` exn` `l mleke" :oldl 'c dpyna ezepyxt zhiyl ahid zn`zen m"anxd zhiy one`l one`n ozkilda oilke` milretd exn` milral dcia` ayd iptn la` dk`ln xn[b]() ef dpyna miqxeb ep` m` oia.(ontiew i"k) "zwxet `dzy cr xenge zb[d](l) on ozxifgae zaqen "dk`ln" ixd,"dk`ln xnb" da qxeby inl oia,(zixewnd dqxibd zi`xp efe) "dk`ln",dxyr rayd ìbeqa,(dpkda) milretd z` xkeyd wxtl iyexita e`xe.mc`d zk`ln lr.hexhexta :xg` xaqd dlrd,m"anxd ly eigeqipa dl` oeyl itelige zewigna wqry,bihtdxe mliy iehia èvnl dvx èd :'dcear' gpena mrte 'dk`ln' gpena mrt m"anxd ynzyn icka `l" dcear ipic,bihtdxe 'y - "dk`lndn wlg lk xnbl cg` iehiae,dlek dk`lnd xnbl cg`.438 'nr,h"kyz aia` lz,ixard htyna 63 64 421

oncixt dcedi `ny dxnbp `l oiicre,xaegna oia yelza oia ux`d on eilecby xaca oiyer ody 65!ixt ly ezk`ln ìd ixde,"xac"l zxfeg "dk`ln",xnelk."ezk`ln miwqer ep`y dpyna m"anxd ly ezepyxta lgy lecbd jtdnl mifnxp ep` z`fa zhiyk zepyxt ueniàe lretd zk`ln ìd "dk`ln"y dpey`xd ezhiy zyihpa,da dnk ly ogqep oewiza df jtdn ly eizeklydl ep` micr.ixtd zk`ln ìdy i"yx.df oiipra dxez dpyna zekld oey`xd jldnd :jk m"anxd azk `nw `xecdna el xeq` ezk`ln dxnbpyne, ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr lke` yelza dyerdy.lek`l yxtn ède,(a"n,f"t `rivn àa) dpynd oeyl z` m"anxd swyn z`fay epl xexa mle`.xaecn lret ly ezk`lnay,dpey`xd ezhiyk epzpyna "dk`ln" dlind z` :jk azke,ycgn opbq `piipz `xecdna.lek`l el xeq` ezcear xnbyne ezcear xenbi `ly cr lke` yelza dyerdy `piipz `xecdn xenbi `ly cr lke` yelza dyerdy el xeq` ezcear xnbyne ezcear lek`l `nw `xecdn dxnbp `ly cr lke` yelza dyerdy el xeq` ezk`ln dxnbpyne ezk`ln lek`l wizrd (26 'nr,y"z oecpel,l"f oeniin on dyn epaxl dwfgd ci xtqn mirhw) qlh` dnly èd oke,"xaegna oia yelza oia ezk`ln dxnbp `l oiicre",jetd xcqa zetqedd izy z` dywzdy,my 6 dxrda epiire.(d`zilz `xecdn =) dxez dpyn ly gqepd icr lka xcqd xyrnl dk`ln xnbl qgiizn xaegna dk`ln xnb eli`k,dpyn mgld zeawra mixacd yexita mgld ly eaeyii z` qipkdl ywiay cr ezrc dxxwzp `le.(oldl e`x,oekpd yexitl xy`) dxnbp `l oiicre yelza oia :èxwl jixvy xytè" :m"anxd oeyl zwzrd xcql dpyn,qw 'nr,(e"yz) gi,ipiq,"ciîiazkae qetca m"anxd",xyk 'n e`xe."xaegna oia ezk`ln m"anxd siqed eli`k,ceqi `ll md my ewenipe epeic lk mle`,oekpd xcqd z` raw mpn`y dyn.mipta oldl aezkd zaizk z` milydy iptl oeilibae oihiyd oia elld zetqedd z` ekxc" :epeyl dfe,zetqedd izy zwzrda oekpd xcql ribd eici lre,llk df oiipra hwp iwvel `lnp xak oihiyd oia ghydyke oihiyd oia dpey`xa eizetqed siqedl dfd i"kd lka epiax ly,iwvel 'n - "dl ie`xd dnewn len zepeilbd lr dazek èd f` dtqedd z` likdln xv èd e` ig-mr z`ved,l"f xagnd epiax ly eycw ci mvra eazkpy dxez dpyn xtqn miwxt.c"qa,elek oey`xd gqepa oeir jldna df llk xg` aewrp.`"r g,f"yz wxei eip,(xbpifley) 65 422

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit `l`,"ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr" `l :dzpzyd dpeyl la`,dnewnn dff `l dkldd,dpynay "dk`ln" dlind rnyn z` dycgd ezpad xe`l."ezcear xenbi `ly cr" - ycg gpen - "dcear" gqip okle,dpyna iepyd oicd on ezkld z` m"anxd wzip 66.dpynd oeyl,"dk`ln" mewna 67,cid iazk aexa,xnelk,d`zilz `xecdna mb oeyld ok `piipz `xecdn oeylk dxkdd m"anxd lv` dlnbyn,mle`.dxez dpyn ly mipey`xd miqetca sè z` wzipe,lretd zk`ln lr `le ixtd zk`ln lr zaqen dpyna "dk`ln" dlindy xeq`y,dpey`xd ezpad itl oicl edylk xewn cer oi`,dpynay efn ely dkldd oicy m"anxd rixkd minid zeaxay dnec.ezcear xnbyn yelza lek`l lretl yexitk dpynd z` yxity xg`l xzei miiw epi` dpey`xd ezpad itl yelza dpynd ick ezcear xnb zrya ezlik` z` lretd fkxiy sicr xaegna m` ixdy - i"yx ixtd zk`ln dxnbp `l cer lk,yelza s` ok dyri `l recn 68,dk`ln lehia repnl ycgd epepbq lr,ixnbl df oic wgn d`riax dxecdna?m"anxd dyr dne?xyrnl `ly xaca lke` yelza dyerdy :oeyld dfa dibde,"dk`ln" mewna "dcear".dlgle xyrnl ezk`ln dxnbp xcqd my ixd envr m"anxd icia dzyrp ziyilyd dxecdna iwpl dheihd zwzrd ok` m`.r"ve ;z`fa citwd `l `nye,jetd dyerd lr xacnyk" :iwvel xird xake.znieqn dtewz xg`l el dà ef dycg dpad epzhiyle mewna oihiyd oia azke df wgn jk xg` 'ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr' dpynd oeyla ligzd yelza "ezk`ln azk xaegna dyerd oica mle`,ezcear azk ezk`ln mewnae,xenbi - dxnbp `lle,onf xg`ly oewiz èd oewizdy dcaerl zeqgiizd `ll,xqga dwel df xeìz.(g 'nr) riad `l (65 'rd,lirl) qlh` mb.cala xz`îlr ly oepbq ixetiy lkd eli`ke,enrhl xaqd o`kae" azky,dpynl `nw `xecdn oeinc llba egeeic jxc z` dpiy sè,xacl xaqd mey oeyl ìd oky meyn zelebr zexbqna mizny wxe ewgnpy mixacd z` hqwhd seba izx`yd.ezk`ln dxnbp :milnd z` wgn" xird (65 'rd,lirl) xyk.(15 'rd 27 'nr) "dpynd "ezcear xnbyne ezcear xenbi :xzei mi`znd xg` oepbqa dlrnl azeke,ezk`ln dxnbpyne dxez dpyn xtqn mitc) `pdk onlw zxecdna."xzei mi`zn" recn wnip `le,(qw 'nr).df aezkyl zeqgiizd mey oi` (f"iyz milyexi,e,dxez dpyn xtq,`nw `xecdn `ly cr lke` yelza dyer eazk mixagnd ilecb" :ixi`nl dxigad ziaa.mipey`xd ixacae yelza dyerdy" :jepigd xtqa ;(327 'nr) "lek`l el xeq` ezcear xnbzyne,ezcear xenbi,lreery 'cdn ;fnwz 'iq) "lek`l el xeq` ezcear xenbiyne,ezcear xenbi `ly cr lke`.m"anxl zevnd xtq it lr,libxke,mzqa,(rxz 'nr.'b 'ld epiir 66 67 68 423

oncixt dcedi `ny `zriax `xecdn `ly xaca lke` yelza dyerdy xyrnl ezk`ln dxnbp lek`l 69.dlgle d`zilze `piipz `xecdn `ly cr lke` yelza dyerdy ezcear xnbyne ezcear xenbi el xeq` mewna "dcear" gqpl dax zlrez oi`.caerd mcà `le,xaca dielzd dk`ln idef oi` dpynd oeyl ly dycgd dpada ixdy,diipyd dxecdna dyrpy itk "dk`ln" dlgle xyrnl ixtd zk`ln xnba `l`,llk lret ly ezcearl xeyw yelz oic,xyrnl ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr" :azky,ynn ef dpynl i"yx yexitk ède.cala."dlgl ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr èd dlg xa mè `ly xaca lke` yelza dyerdy" :ziriaxd dxecdna m"anxd qipkdy oicd df dligza.mialy ipya èt` ygxzd letihd jildz."dlgle xyrnl ezk`ln dxnbp,dpynl ycgd yexitd ly ipepbqde ipeyld cvl dxez dpyn gqep z` m"anxd mi`zd ;dpyna iepyd df `le xg` oic zrk ède,"dcear" `l` dpynak "dk`ln" `l okle :ynn i"yx yexitk dkld ìd d`vezde,cgi mb dzkldle,dpynd oepbql xfg seqale.ixtd zk`ln `hyew qetc,[n"x zpyl qgein] inex qetca oke,ziriaxd dxecdnd ly gqepd icra èd ok lke`" :c"ly divpe qetca.llka cre,i"y divpe,oicb`xa qetc cr,mixg` miqetce,h"qx mcxhyn` qetcn èd oke ;"lek`l el xeq` ezk`ln xnbzyne ezk`ln xnbp `ly cr xaca d`riax `xecdn ly ziwlg dqpkd ici lr dzeedzp ef dqxib.epiptly miqetcae,jliè a"qz dbed lkd" :xryd oeylak) mixvna edbedy miqetcn mipewiz mr qtcedy,c"ly divpe qetca ;"mixvn zaiyin dbene oiiern wzrda mbe a"aez ztvn àd wzrda dciwyde oeird aex mr m"anxd iyxtn ly mirxf xtq gqep lre mirxf xtql 'dpyn sqk' lr edyn",qiqr 'n oiire,ì,lwpxt 'y 'cdn,m"anxl dxez dpyn ;ctx 'nr,(h"nyz) b,zeteq`,"oxn ly epnfa,miiw d`zilz `xecdn ly clyd xwir.(ehwz 'nr,h"nyz wxa ipae milyexi,mihtyn xtq :d`riax `xecdnn zeceqi ipy eakxed eilre,"lek`l el xeq`...îyne",yxetnd meiqd mr qgeina dàed ziriaxd dxecdnd.88 'rd epiire."dcear" mewna "dk`ln" selige,"xaca" yelza dyerdy xaegna dyerl yelza dyerd oia dn l"f dyn 'iax axd azk" :`"ahixl,h"qz mcxhyn`] 207 'nr,a"r `v scl) 'eke "dlgle xyrnl ezk`ln dxnbp `ly xaca lke` milind z` siwd,c"ly xg` ly m"anxd iqetc lr oen`d,xicdnd.([xtqd on a"r gn `"ahixde,m"anxd oeyln df oi`y z`f iztwd" :('y ze`) "adf xek"a azke,"dlgle xyrnl"."n"dd k"ke ok 'it 69 424

`zriax `xecdn m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit d`zilze `piipz `xecdn `nw `xecdn lke` yelza dyerdy dxnbp `ly xaca dlgle xyrnl ezk`ln lke` yelza dyerdy ezcear xenbi `ly cr xeq` ezcear xnbyne lek`l el lke` yelza dyerdy,ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr ezk`ln dxnbpyne lek`l el xeq` ipyd jldnd dlind z` silgdl ie`x o`k mb.xaegna zexitd on lret zlik` oicl xearp dzr `xecdna dyrp `l df oewiz j`,"ezcear" aezkle oey`xd gqepay "ezk`ln" myxy drya etlged `le oyid oepbqd on miwlg ecxy zg` `l,okè.`piipz `xecdna mle`.dxen qenlewd azky itk,dax zexidna i`ceea,eipewiz z` m"anxd xenbiyk" azk "ezk`ln xenbiyk" zgze,ynn df oewizl m"anxd wwfp d`zilz."ezcear d`zilz `xecdn.ezcear xenbiyk `l` lke` epi` `piipze `nw `xecdn.ezk`ln xenbiyk `l` lke` epi` ixdy,dpey`xl dpynd z` yxit eay oicd z` yhp m"anxdy epi`x yelza dpynd zyxtzn day dklda eze` silgd d`riax `xecdnae,xg` xewn lk el oi` xeaq oiicr.dligzn azky oicd z` yhp `l xaegna eliè,i"yx yexitak "dk`ln" dlind z` silgd okle,dcear zrya lek`l xaegna lretl xeq`y m"anxd dkldl xg` xewn m"anxl yi.dpynd on mixacd z` wzpl ick,"dcear" dlina zxacn dpynd oi` dycgd ezhiy itl m` mb,(iyilyd jldnd,oldl e`x) ef.z`fa zxacn dpyndy oicd z` mb elld miwqta swyl m"anxd lr,mewn lkny `l` milretd lkn,xnelk ;"eze` oiylezyk" xicbd i"yxy oic,dycgd dhiyd itl ea wxt y`xa mitirqd on xqg df oice.leaid on milke` xivwd icaer wx mi`lwgd ziyilyd dxecdna.ef dpyna miyxetnd mipicd z` xqen xagndy mewn ezeà a"i gqep - "xvewe xvea oebk" - milin yely siqede,yxetna eze` xikfdl mewn `vn."eze` oiylezyk" :zg`l cr i"yx ly epeyll mi`znd d`zilz `xecdn xvewe xvea oebk xaegna dyerde.ezcear xenbiyk `l` lke` epi` `piipze `nw `xecdn `l` lke` epi` xaegna dyerde.ezk`ln xenbiyk 425

oncixt dcedi `ny ztlgda oeyld oewizl b`c :xaegna edyrn ok yelza m"anxd ly edyrnk ixd z`fay `l`.dycgd ezcnr itl dpynd ly oicd z` swyl b`ce,"dcear"l "dk`ln" okle) ycgd yexitd itl dpynd oica od m"anxd wac xaegna :yelzn xaegn dpey oepbqa eze` gqpl zrk citwdy,dligzn dl qgiiy oica od,("xvewe xvea oebk" siqed."dk`ln" zgz "dcear" - "ezcear xenbiyk `l` lke` epi`" :dpynd oeyln ewigxnd s` m"anxd yhp yelza recn.xaegnl yelz oia df lcad lr cenrl zrk dqpp oicly iptn `l` df oi`?ea wac xaegna mle`,dpynd on dligzn cnly oicd z`.dpynl uegn,i`nvr xewn yi df iyilyd jldnd :jk m"anxd azk `nw `xecdna `la èd ixd dk`ln zrya la`,ezk`ln xenbiyk `l` lke` epi` xaegna dyerde `l`,ynxgd zrya lkì `ly ecnl drenyd itn 'eke sipz `l ynxge 'py,dyrz.ea `veik oke,ezlik`l ynxg sipi 70 `l dxivwa wqer èdy onf lk mziieeda ex`ype,eci zaizkay micixya iepiy mey m"anxd lihd `l dl` mixaca mze` epxìz xaky,`yixa miiepiyd caln,d`zilz `xecdna.`piipz `xecdna 71 oeyld xagzne xfeg xeaicd meiqa."xevaiy oebk" gzetd mly xeaic siqed,lirl èd ixd dk`ln zrya la`" aezky mewnl,zepey`xd zexecdna xak azkpy dnl ly dycgd ezpad itl oeckrl ie`x "dk`ln zry" sexivd o`k mb."dyrz `la.ixtl `l` lretl dxeyw dpi` dpyna "dk`ln"y,m"anxd dpigan."dk`ln zrya lkeè ezk`lnn lhand" opbeq ziyilyd dxecdna okle,htynd iwlg ipy oia jex`d ycgd xeaicd zqpkdl m`zen df oepbq zixiagz zexecdnak "dk`ln zrya" llek oiicr gepind mle`.ycg htynk gzet èd 72 m"anxd à jkitl.oewiz oerhd xac xen`k ède,lret ly ezk`ln,zepey`xd milind z` xiqde,ziriax dxecdn mze` mipkn ep`y,xtqd zvtd xg`ly mipewiza e`" :mly xeaic m"anxd siqed s` "dk`ln zrya" milind izy zwign caln.elld ieqika) dwfga wgnp y`xn aezkdy xg`l,oihiyd oia zeaezk dl` zeaiz izy - "`l dxivwa" dxivwa" aezkl m"anxd ywia my mby dnec,mewn lkn.zenlya e`xwl ozip `le (eica `ln.1 'rd lirl,oncixt i"y e`x dwignd ibeq lr.idylk daizk zerh my dltpy aexwe,"`l.(48 'rd,lirl e`x) xg` mewna èai ea eppeic.(`rxz 'nr lreery 'cdn) "e`la xaer lkeè dk`lnd zrya lhaznde" opbeq jepigd xtqa 70 71 72 426

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit zrya lkeè" :df z` df minilyn mipewizd ipy 73."dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y,i"yx zhiyk,ixtd zk`ln ìd dpyna "dk`ln"y dycgd dpadd z` cbep "dk`ln o`k aqen dk`ln xnb,"dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y",ycgd xeaica.wgnp okle.eyexita i"yx zhiyke,dycgd dpadl `ln m`zda,ixtd zk`ln xnb lr oeyl z` znèz,"dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e`",d`riax `xecdnay dtqedd."dk`ln xnb oi`y drya rwxwl xaegna dyerd oilke` oi`y elè" dpynd silgd recne,"dyrz `la èd ixd dk`ln zrya la`" m"anxd azk `nw `xecdna df oi`?"dk`ln xnb zrya `ly" laxeqnd oeyla "dk`ln zrya" heytd oeyld z` dpey`xl dheyt zi`xp dzidy dpynl izin` iehia zzl m"anxd à jkay meyn m` ik lek`l" xeqi`d oi` zrk 75.( 74 ixtd zk`ln) zlaxeqn ìd dyrnle,(mc`d zk`ln) ly zepezgzd zexeya mze` eprawy,ci iazk ly dnly dveaw ly gqepn ep` micnl jk owize dibdy mipewize zedbd zhilw lr dcirn dl` gqep icr znkqdy epxriye,qiqtepiqd extqn jk xg` edbedy mixtqd.dxez dpyn iwzer ly oey`xd lbd zvtd xg`l m"anxd md md (eizexbià m"anxd ze`xed it lre mdit lr edbedy dl`k e`) m"anxd ly iyi`d i"ky oiiprn.(1 'rd lirl,ixn`na hexhexta e`x) ziriaxd dxecdnd z` xeqnl miieyrd dxnbp `ly xaca") lirl da epwqry ziriax dxecdn ly ddbda ef dveawl szeyd,lìxewq`,(8 'rd,lirl epiir) xagnd ly extqn ddbedy yxetn oeiv `yepe,("dlgle xyrnl ezk`ln qgeina àen o`k sqepd xeaicd mpn`,ef dxecdn iabl.o`k ziriax dxecdn llek epi` xaer df ixd dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e` lkeè ezk`lnn lhand azk cer") `"ahixl zrya lkeè ezk`ln lhand m"anxd azk").f"ly oniq htyn oyeg xehae ('eke "dyrz `la dnn ecia jiled m` oke dyrz `la xaer df ixd dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e` dk`ln "dk`ln zrya" `yixa llk xeha àena."l"kr dyrz `la xaer mixg`l ozepy e` dyery,wgnidl dkf `le,d`zilz `xecdnak [Rab. 1118 i"ke Rab. 691 c"ndia i"ka èd jke] lr eyxcny,lecbd yxcna o`k dhlwp ìd.gxfna xwira dvted efd ziriaxd dxecdnd mle` dxdf` ef ixd" :my aezk jke,(76 'rd,oldl e`x) m"anxd ixac lr iepa,d"k,b"k mixac lr sipz `l ynxge xn`py dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e` lkeè ezk`lnn lhand lretl izy.(dlwz 'nr) "ezlik`l ynxg sipi `l dxivwa wqer èdy onf lk xnelk,jrx znw dyn x"a mdxa` 'x) dpyn mgld ixaca `ln iehial zeà df xeaica ('ce 'b,xnelk) zexecdnd `ly lk`y e` lkè ezk`lnn lhand" :ef dkldl (1588,g"ny zpya xhtp,oehea ic dizil mixtq zvwae...eixtq zvwa l"f epiax ixaca `qxibd ìd jk.dk`ln xnb zrya seqa ;"cal ezk`lnn lhaznd `l` dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e`c dwelg epiax ixaca `xecdnd eplv` `xwpd gqepd z` cala millekd mixtqd xeìza xagnd xviw eixac i"y divpe qetcn."dk`ln zrya lkeè" milind z` eqxb dl` ci iazky xryl yi.ziyilyd jliè c"ly divpe qetca."dk`ln zrya lkeè ezk`lnn lhand" :d`zilz `xecdnk oiicr `xecdn."'k`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e` lkè ezk`lnn lhand" :d`riax `xecdnak.jliè epnn gqepd jke,c"ly divpe qetca ddbed d`riax `ly lk`y e`",laxeqnd gqepa envr m"anxd ixac.i"yx zhiyk,dxivw zrya,epiidc epiide,diiyrd zra lk`y e`" yxit dpyn mgld.miyxtnl miyw eid,"dk`ln xnb zrya epiir) oey`xd xeqi`d on dpey xack ok yxtl dyw mle`."dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e` 73 74 427

oncixt dcedi `ny zxcbd okle "dk`ln xnb zry" el yi.dk`ln zry el oi` ixt ixdy,"dk`ln zrya.zexecdnd zèeyd oldl."dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lek`l" ìd dpynay xeqi`d oeyla xn`p df gpeny,zencewd zexecdna m"anxd ixac xe`l cgeinae,(my dpyn mgla dyerdc b"d [epax azk=] x"k aey" :('a dkldl) azk dpynd zakxn lrae.xzei heyt ixtqc `yxc epiide z"la f"d d"ra ly eilk jezl ozp `ly cr dxivw zrya lkè xaegna ixdy e`la dxivw zrya lke`dc 'it d"ra znw lr ynxg sipn dz`y drya sipz `l ynxge xg`l epiidc dk`ln xnb zrya xaegna dyerd opzc epiide d"ra ly eilk jezl ozp `l oiicr :`"r av `rivn àaa opiqxb jk dpd.dyw df yexit s`.'eke "d"ra ilkl '` lq utipe `liny `l` xva `l elit` iq` ax xnè elke` cg` leky` xeval `l` exky `l elit` iq` ax xn`c" lra ly eilkl azinl `ki` `lc meyn `ziinw jd opirny` i`c `kixve elke` cg` leky` opirny` iè lekil xcde `yixa azil `ni` ziad lra ly eilkl azinl `ki`c `kid la` ziad iq` ax itl."`kixv `l `ni` seqal ineiwl xyt` `lc `kid la` seqal ineiwl xyt`c `da.("ozp ok m` `l` dxez el dzkif `l" :i"yx yxite) oey`x leky` lek`l el xeq` `ziixza htyn oyeg,sqei zia) mixiznd,dpyna minkgk wqt `l` ef dkld wqt `l m"anxd mle` `xiaqc rnyn dzxevk dpynd `l` azk `le `xnba xnzi`c i`n hinyd s"ixde" :(fly 'iq zexiky zekldn a"i wxta l"f m"anxd mbe iq` axc ixnin jpdl edpzile minkgk dkldc dil "dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lke`d" `l`.(my epiir ;"iq` axc ixnin hinyde minkgk wqt [`"id].xivwd zk`lna `le zxg` dk`lna cary xnel dvexe,dpynl i"yx zhiya heyt eyexit dk`ln xnb zrya `ly xikyd lkì `ly fqx" :m"anxl zeevnd oiipna à "laxeqn"d oepbqd devnde" - fqx e`la,zeevnd xtqa eliè ;"'eke sipz `l ynxge 'py ea dyer èdy xaegnd on èdy xacd on ezcear zrya lkì `ly xikyd xdfedy dxdf`d,miz`ne miyye rayd jixve.heytd oepbqd - (76 oeivl jenq,oldl e`x) "rwxwl xaegna caer did m` ea caer ihxta.eba mixac mnvr miqetca,dpdy.cid iazka ze`qxib iiepiy efa èvnl lkep m` xexia zrya `ly xaegnd on xikyd lkì `ly" epiptly miqetca zeevnd oiipn ixg` miàd zeevnd zrya xaegnd on 'ikyd lkì `ly" :my inex qetca mle`,zeevnd oiipnak,"dk`ln xnb xaegnd on xikyd lkì `ly" :mihtyn xtq y`xay zeevnd ihxta!heytd oepbqd - "dk`ln lkì `ly" inex qetca o`k s` mle`,epiptly miqetca èd ok."dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lkì `ly" ("ixtqn dbed") 80 oehpihped cxetqwe` i"ka."dk`ln zrya xaegnd on xikyd ep`vn cid iazk oia!"xnb" dtqep diipy cia dxeyd lrne,"dk`ln zrya xaegnd on xikyd `ly" ;"dk`ln zrya xaegnd on xikyd lkì `ly" :mihtyn xtq y`xa zepepbq dyely zrya `ly xaegnd on xikyd lkì `ly" ;"dk`ln xnb zrya `ly xaegnd on xikyd lkì dxecdna did miiw cery,ixewnd oepbqd il d`xp oey`xd.('` gtqpa oldl e`x) "dk`ln xtq y`xa df gqep exniyy cid iazk zyely okè,ziriaxd dxecdnd gqep ipyd ;ziyilyd ly drhen meyii iyilyd ;[!] zekldd seba ziyilyd dxecdnd z` mitwynd md mihtyn lret elit`...lfbd lr aiig gp oa" :mye,h"d h"t mikln 'ld epiire.ziriaxd dxecdnd `veik" :`"r fp oixcdpqae."olfb llka èd ixde,aiig èd lkd lr,dk`ln zrya `ly lk`y i` zni` mxka lret mxka lretl `l` dkxvp `l awri xa `g` ax xn` ìd i`n lfba ea zrya" i"yx yxite ;"èd ìlrn lfb dk`ln xnb zrya e`l i` èd `xizd dk`ln xnb zrya.dxez dpyn ly gqepd icra oeir jixve.my epiir,"xeval exkyy oebk,dk`ln xnb 75 428

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit zexiky zekld d`riax `xecdn xvea oebk xaegna dyerde `l` lke` epi` xvewe ezcear xenbiyk cr lqa ozie xevaiy oebk mewnl lqd utpie ep`lniy ep`lnie xevaie xefgie xg` xg` cr `l` lke` epiè ayd iptn la`,lqd `lniy minkg exn` milral dcia` oilke` oilretd eidiy one`l one`n ozkilda `ly ick zbd on ozxifgae lek`l eayie ozk`lnn elhai dk`lnd jeza oilke` `l`.oilhan opiè oikldn odyk e` lkeè ezk`lnn lhand xnb zrya `ly lk`y dk`ln dyrz `la xaer df ixd.['eke] zexiky zekld d`zilz `xecdn xvea oebk xaegna dyerde `l` lke` epi` xvewe ezcear xenbiyk cr lqa ozie xevaiy oebk mewnl lqd utpie ep`lniy ep`lnie xevaie xefgie xg` xg` cr `l` lke` epiè ayd iptn la`,lqd `lniy minkg exn` milral dcia` oilke` oilretd eidiy one`l one`n ozkilda `ly ick zbd on ozxifgae lek`l eayie ozk`lnn elhai dk`lnd jeza oilke` `l`.oilhan opiè oikldn odyk lkeè ezk`lnn lhand dk`ln zrya.['eke] dyrz `la èd ixd iriaxd jldnd zexiky zekld `piipze `nw `xecdn lke` epi` xaegna dyerde ezk`ln xenbiyk `l` dk`ln zrya la`.['eke] dyrz `la èd ixd."ynxgd zrya lkì `ly" milind z` xiqdy dna ef dklda m"anxd lrt aey z` wgn dn iptne,dligzn ok m"anxd azk dn iptn :cenile oeir dkixv ef dwign?jk xg` elld milind 429

oncixt dcedi `ny zexiky zekld d`riax `xecdn xvea oebk xaegna dyerde `l` lke` epi` xvewe ezcear xenbiyk cr lqa ozie xevaiy oebk mewnl lqd utpie ep`lniy ep`lnie xevaie xefgie xg` xg` cr `l` lke` epiè ayd iptn la`,lqd `lniy minkg exn` milral dcia` oilke` oilretd eidiy one`l one`n ozkilda `ly ick zbd on ozxifgae lek`l eayie ozk`lnn elhai dk`lnd jeza oilke` `l`.oilhan opiè oikldn odyk e` lkeè ezk`lnn lhand xnb zrya `ly lk`y dk`ln 'py dyrz `la xaer df ixd itn,'ebe sipz `l ynxge èdy onf lky ecnl drenyd ynxg sipi `l dxivwa wqer ezlik`l.dfa `veik lk oke zexiky zekld d`zilz `xecdn xvea oebk xaegna dyerde `l` lke` epi` xvewe ezcear xenbiyk cr lqa ozie xevaiy oebk mewnl lqd utpie ep`lniy ep`lnie xevaie xefgie xg` xg` cr `l` lke` epiè ayd iptn la`,lqd `lniy minkg exn` milral dcia` oilke` oilretd eidiy one`l one`n ozkilda `ly ick zbd on ozxifgae lek`l eayie ozk`lnn elhai dk`lnd jeza oilke` `l`.oilhan opiè oikldn odyk lkeè ezk`lnn lhand dk`ln zrya 'py dyrz `la xaer df ixd itn,'ebe sipz `l ynxge èdy onf lky ecnl drenyd ynxg sipi `l dxivwa wqer ezlik`l.dfa `veik lk oke zexiky zekld `piipze `nw `xecdn lke` epi` xaegna dyerde ezk`ln xenbiyk `l` dk`ln zrya la` 'py,dyrz `la èd ixd itn 'eke sipz `l ynxge lkì `ly ecnl drenyd onf lk `l`,ynxgd zrya sipi `l dxivwa wqer èdy ezlik`l ynxg.ea `veik oke 430

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit zeevnd xtqa m"anxd azk xak,dlik` xeqi` zry ìd "ynxg zry"y,ef dhiyk `l xivwd onfa xnelk,ynxg zryae ynxg ilra lk zeaxl ynxg,exn`" :ely 76."jnvrl xevwz (ixar mebxz) fqx e`l,zeevnd xtq dxdf`d,miz`ne miyye rayd devnde ezcear zrya lkì `ly xikyd xdfedy caer did m` ea caer èdy xacd on ynxge dlrzi exn` ède rwxwl xaegna zeaxl ynxg exn`.jrx znw lr sipz `l xnelk ynxg zryae ynxg ilra lk xake.jnvrl xevwz `l xivwd onfa xikya `l` xn`p `l dfd weqtdy rcep,xiky èaz ik ea dpeekd àz ik exn`ye iriayae.xbziz ix` mebxzd xn`y enk dxezd on oilke` el` exn` d`rivnc.dk`ln xnb zrya rwxwl xaegna dyerd.ef devn ipic exàzp mye (iaxr xewn) fqx e`l,zeevnd xtq idpl`,oizi`ne oizqe draql` devnlè l`g it lkì o` or xi'b`l` idp i'cl` o`k `'c` dit mc'ki i'bl` iy`l on dznc'k il`rz `lew ede rwxwl xaegna mc'ki èl`w.jrx znw lr sipz `l ynxge zryae ynxg ilra lk zeaxl ynxg cvgz `l c`vgl` zwe ipri,ynxg `'b `np` upl` `'cd o` mlr cwe jytpl `'c` da cixi àz ik dlew oè,xi'br`l it ix` mebxzl` l`w `nk x'b`zqn zl'bc el` èl`w d`rivn ra`q ite.xbziz rwxwl xaegna dyerd dxezd on oilke` m`kg` zpiiaz j`pde.dk`ln xnb zrya.devn l` `'cd zxcbdk dà "ynxg zry"y ezhiy z` m"anxd ìved oiipn ìd zl`ypd dl`yde ìd ynxg zry,xnelk,"lek` ynxg zrya" xn`p ilaad ziibeqa ixd?xeqi` zry 77!xeqi` zry `le,xzid zry,onted 'cdn) "ynxg zryae ynxg ilra lk zeaxl 'pz `l ynxge" :mi`pz yxcna df oeylk zeevnd xtq it lr i`ceea oeylde.dlwz 'nr yit 'cdn,my lecbd yxcn it lr,(153 'nr onted zxecdna.dxez dpynay zexiky zekld it lr èd xeaicd jyndy itke,m"anxl eixac z` m"anxd gqip ok`y,a"r ft `rivn àal `l` oiev `l oecipd xeaicl lecbd yxcnae.dhiyd jetidae,my `xnbd ixac it lr.dpyn mgl e`x 76 77 431

oncixt dcedi `ny a"r ft `rivn àa ynxge `xw xn` lèny xn` i`de ynxg ilra lk zeaxl dil irain ynxg `ly lek` ynxg zrya lekiz `l ynxg zrya p,c"d a"t zexyrn inlyexi `"r jrx znwa èaz ik aizk aezkd mc` lk x`ya leki xacn sipz `l ynxge xnel cenlz el yiy z` jrx znw lr df df df iè sipdl zeyx lretd x`ya xne` diawr oa iqi` xacn aezkd mc` lk `l ynxge xnel cenlz dn zeyx el oi`y okin sipz lbn ztpd zrya `l` lek`l fqx 'qit,mixac ixtq jrx znwa àz ik mlerl leki `l ynxge xnel cenlz sipn dz`y drya,sipz.ziad lra znw lr ynxg,jrx.mixg`l hxt,jrx zeliln zthwe.deabl hxt.lbna xvew `dz `ly,jcia dz`y drya sipz `l ynxge lra znw lr ynxg sipn.ziad lra znw lr ynxg sipn dz`y drya,sipz `l ynxge" xn`p mixac ixtqa zry e` xzid zry dxicbn dryd zriaw m` hxtn ixtqd oi` - "ziad eyexity e`l èd "sipz `l" xeqi`d :epeylk ixtqd z` yxit d`xpk m"anxd.xeqi` yexit mpn`.ziad lra znw lr ynxg sipn dz`y drya jiiy df e`le,"lk`z `l" ìd dry dze`y ybcen odizyay,ilaaae inlyexiay ixtqd zeliawn z` cbep df `l` lek`l zeyx el oi`y okin sipz `l ynxge xnel cenlz dn" :xzid zry."lek` ynxg zrya" :xen`k ilaaa eliè ;inlyexid oeylk,"lbn ztpd zrya zeiexyt` yely yi,znàe 78.eizeliawnk `ly èt` ixtqd z` yxit m"anxd ynxg sipnd lretay xnel - zeiaeig miizy :"ynxg sipn dz`y drya" yxtl zrya `weec lek`l zeyx lretl yiye,lek`l zeyx el yiy df ède,xacn aezkd zeaxl ynxg èl`w" azke ilaad oeyl zvwna m"anxd fg` l"pd zeevnd xtqay it lr s` ilra lk zeaxl ynxg `xw 'n` lèny 'n`" ilaad oeylk - "ynxg zryae ynxg lra lk,a"r ft `rivn àa) "lk`z `l ynxg zrya `ly lek` ynxg zrya dil irain èdd ynxg.ilaak `ly yxit la`,ilaad oeylk fg` ixd - (165 bxeand i"k 78 432

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit drya - zilily zgè ;(ilaaae inlyexia mitwzyn elld miyexitd ipye) xivwd 79.lek`l jl xeq` sipn dz`y :dpyna dpc zncwny eyexitl mi`zd èdy jezn oexg`d yexita xga m"anxd dliagd dcxtzp minil mle`.lretd zk`ln,dk`ln zrya `le,dk`ln xnb zrya xnba dpynd z` yxit xake,m"anxd ipira cg` xacl mipeekznk ixtqde dpynd ly mle`,ixtql oey`xd eyexita x`yp m"anxd mpn`.i"yx yexitk,ix td zk`ln zrya lkì `ly" milind z` yxetna xikfdl `ly ahen dpynd on wefigd `ll.elld milind z` wgne àe,ynn ilaad oeyl jtd èdy,"ynxg drya :"lek` ynxg zrya" ilaad oeyl z` m"anxd yxit jk dligzny d`xpe meiq xg`l wx lk`z oaenk j`,lek`l zekf jl yi xivwa wqerd lret dz`y zrya" yxit i"yx mle`.ilaad oeyla df yexita cinzdl èd ieyr cere.jzcear "ynxg zry" xeywi dibeql i"yx yexita oiiriy in lk."dk`ln xnb èdy ynxg xizdl m"anxd ly jnqd xwir dligzn dzidy,dpynay "dk`ln xnb zry" mr daiqn mb `ny,dpynd on dfd oicd z` wzpl zrk ezevxa.dceard xnba wx dlik`."ynxgd zrya lkì `ly" wegnl el did ahen ef xaegna caeryk dlik` ly ef dklda m"anxd lihdy miiepiyd llka lkzqp m` dpey`xd dhiyd ixwir lehiaa jexk dppi` i"yx zhiyl xarnd :oiiprn xaca oigap lek`l `ziixe`cn xeqi`d ;ef ci lr ef o`k zeynyn zehiyd izye,m"anxd ly dycgd zipyxtd drcd dtqep i"yx zhiy ci lr.miiwe xixy dcear zrya xaegna ly izkldd iehiade ;ixtd zk`ln `l`,lretd zk`ln dppi` dpynay "dk`ln"y xnb did dcy ezeà eweqiryk `l` xaegnn lek`l zeyx lretl oi`y èd ef dhiy i"yx azky itke."eze` oiylezyk" :i"yx oeylae - dxivwe dxiva,xnelk,dk`ln 80."lke` epi`,ywywle xecrl exky m` la`" :(dk,bk mixacl) dxezd yexita?yewywe xecira `l`,dxivwe dxivaa ezcear oi`yk lk`y lret ly epic dn."sipz `l ynxge" ly e`la xaer èd s` d`riax `xecdna m"anxd ixac itl zlina m"anxd ly oepbqa hlea xacd!zehiyd izy z` zrk llek dfd e`ld,xnelk xnb zrya `ly lk`y e` lkeè ezk`lnn lhand" :odizy oia xagl siqedy "e`" ìd) dceard zrya lk`y,epiidc,lkeè ezk`lnn lhand :zrk eyexite."dk`ln oiba epiidc,dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e`,(`nw `xecdn itl e`ld zedn yexit itl dpynd ly xeqi`d èd) ixtd zk`ln zry,dxivwe dxiva dpi`y dcear.59 'rd,lirl e`xe "milvaa ykpnd oebk,dk`ln xnb dpi`y drya" :epzpynl i"yxae.a"r ht `rivn àa e`xe.(oldl e`x) 79 80 433

oncixt dcedi `ny dpynd zepyxta i"yx zhiy mr zixewnd m"anx zhiy ly `ltpd befind 81.(i"yx 82 `l ynxge" lr dxiar aygii mixacd ipyn cg` lke,dfd letkd e`ld z` ciled."sipz,letk e`l da xkfedy,dcya dk`lna dyerd lret zkld ly ziriax dxecdn,epl zereci m"anxd lr mdizebydy mipey`xl dribd `le,gxfna xwira dvted yexitd èdy,"sipz `l" aezkd on m"anxd cnly,dcear zrya lek`l xeqi`de elld mixac" azk c"a`xd.mipey`xd z` dinzd,d`zilz `xecdna e`ld ly cigid dyn x"dl izi`xy iptn df lk yxtl izkxvede" :xihtd o"anxde 83 ;"yxey mdl oi` minkgd itl 84."ixtqay ef `ziixa 'ita drhy il dnecnke...xn`y l"f icxtqd dxzedy dlik`de,lbna ezlik`l xevwl `l` lretd lr xeqi` dxeza oi` elld 85.`weec dcear zrya mxa,micia dlik` wx ìd dxeza e`l ly sqepd yexitd 86.ziyilyd dxecdnd dcnr elld minkgd ipta,xen`k `l,"dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e`",ziriaxd ezxecdna m"anxd azky ynxgc.88 'rd,oldl e`x.(4 'rd dt 'nr,xilrd g"x) "xn`w izxz" `di `ly jcia zeliln zthwe eyxc ixtqae,yxey mdl oi` elld mixac [mdxa` xn`=] `"`" lehia iptn `le,a"dra znw lr ynxg sipn dz`y drya sipz `l ynxge ;lkeè lbna xvew."ezk`ln oirk raw ezlik` dyri `ly `l` dk`ln dyn x"dl izi`xy iptn df lk yxtl izkxvede" :d`zilz `xecdnk dnly dàen eixac jezae lkeè ezk`lnn lhande ezcear xenbiyk `l` lke` epi` xaegna dyerd' xn`y l"f icxtqd èdy onf lky ecnl drenyd itn sipz `l ynxge xn`py z"la xaer df ixd dk`ln zrya `xw `l`,ixtqay ef `ziixa 'ita drhy il dnecnke,'ezlik`l ynxg sipi `l dxivwa wqer ìnece,dyer èdy drya lke` yelza ezlik`k xaegna lret zlikè `z` opiazkc i`nl."eyica xey meqgz `l aizk `xwc dyrn zrya zlke`c dndac sipn dz`y drya - 'sipz `l ynxge'.lbna xvew `dz `ly - 'jcia zeliln zthwe'" :ixtqa `le `pngx azk `lcne" :a"r ft `rivn àal o"anxd iyeciga."ziad lra znw lr ynxg."jrx znw lr jnvr jxevl sipz `l ea xvew dz`y ynxge dil rnyn ynxga xevwz ezk`lnn lhand (b"d) xkfpd wxta m"anxd cer azke" :fly 'iq htyn oyeg sqei ziaa oke itn 'eke sipz `l ynxge (ek bk mixac) xn`py dyrz `la xaer df ixd dk`ln zrya lkeè - "l"kr dfa `veik lk oke ezlik`l ynxg sipi `l dxivwa wqer èdy onf lky ecnl drenyd dpyn sqka ebdpn didy itk,"dben xtq"n ziriax dxecdn ìad `le ;ziyilyd dxecdnd divpe qetca ddbdd zlert mfei s` did ex`w i"x."dben xtq" gqep oiivl zenewn daxda 'd z`xie zrc gex xy` yi` mipirl epl dide" :xryl xarn aezky enk (69 'rd) l"pd c"ly i"xdn `ltend oe`bdn ciwt,ep`tn dixfr mgpn x"dnk oivwd,oda` xae oiixe` xa,exve` ìd z` swiy df qetc.'eke "ezqtcd ote` xcql fld xeagd lr edehilydy epic ziae e"xp ex`w.sqei ziaa à `l oecipa ziriaxd dxecdnd ly dxkif,xen`k mle`,midbend mixtqd zqxib 81 82 83 84 85 86 434

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit ony e`ld xeqi` mzhiyl ixdy,xzei miywn eid ok e`x eli` i`ceea 87.mdiptl did ywywnde xcerd eliè,ely ezlik` myl lbne ynxga xvewy in lr `l` lg epi` dxezd lr `l` "ynxg sipz `l" ly e`l lr exar `l,dk`ln xnb zrya `ly mdicia elk`y 88.xzid onfa `ly ziad lra ly eizexitn elk`y,cala "lefbz `l" ly e`l zakxd.mipey mipnfn miraep meid elld zeklda miynynd mipeyd zepepbqd oia dpgadd zricia wx xy`,gepin ly qtiqt zxvei oey`xd lr oexg`d gepind xàl mivn`zndy dniz oi`.xagnd zrc lr epiadle ea heepl ozip xge`nl mcwend 89.miveli`l exxbpe miiywa elwzp zehytae icnnîcg agxna mixacd z` mekiq xeq`y dklda "dcear" oeyll "dk`ln" oeyl xiard m"anxdy epi`x oey`xd jldna lrety oica ef dkld silgd jk xg`.caer èdy onfa lek`l yelza caerd lretl.dlgle xyrnl ezk`ln dxnbp `ly xaca wx lek`l i`yx df,"dcear"l "dk`ln" m"anxd jtd ziyilyd dxecdna.xaegna wqer ipyd jldnd."xvewe xvea oebk" :xaegna dk`ln xnb oic ly izkld xekfi` siqede lek`l ick lhazndy eazk mixagnd ilecb" :(339 'nr,`rivn àal dxigad zia) ixi`na oke jilk lè e`l lr xaer mixg`l ozpy e` ecia jiledy lret oke sipz `l ynxge ly e`la xaer."ozz `l,htyn oyeg) jexr oglya.ziriayd dibeqd,(dpkda) milretd z` xkeyd wxtl iyexit e`x el oi`y drya lke`d" :illk oeyla m"anxd ly oicd z` ex`w i"xdn ìad (gi sirq fly 'iq ixaca wgcp oke,lefbz `l meyn yxit ok` (gl ze`) my miipir zxi`n xtqae ;"lek`l azk" :(59 'rd,lirl) xeha."sipz `l ynxg"n df e`l xfeb m"anxd oi`y xnel m"anxd xaer df ixd dk`ln xnb zrya `ly lk`y e` dk`ln zrya lkeè ezk`ln lhand m"anxd m"anxd ixac o`k azky epiax lr denzl yie" :sqei ziaae ;(ziriaxd dxecdnd) "dyrz `la dxivaa wqrzny cera lkì `l dnl rcei ipiè azke eilr wlg df 'iqa lirle zwelgn `la `ly xnel dvexy "dk`ln xnb zrya `ly" xehd yxit i`ceea.(69 'rd,lirl) "dxivwe èt` o`k oiè,i"yx zhiyk,(izrcl envr m"anxd ixaca yxtl yi ok`y itk) dxivw zrya,b"lyz milyexi,a,b"qxl zeevnd xtq) rlxrt t"ix azky dn e`xe.eilr welgl yiy dn dk`ln xnb zrya `lyc xehdl l"q okle" :azke ;miipir zxi`n lra zhiy lr (649 'nr xcer oebk dk`ln xnb epi`y xacl ezpeeke ixnbl ìd `zixg` `zlin o`k m"anxd azky."milvaa ykpne miptba,(b"qyz milyexi,uiaepiax `"p z`n,dheyt ci yexit mr,mihtyn xtq) dheyt ci epiir zewwcfd `ll,"dcear/dk`ln" oke,l"pd zepeyld z` ayiil ywiay,(qx 'nr) wxtd y`x,"dk`ln zxinb odiyrn eidiy ède",m"anxd ly epepbql.m"anxd ixaca oey`xd gqepl...exnb zry ìd ef,dk`ln xnb zrya" :xnb zrya d"c,`"r ht `rivn àal i"yx eeyd.(49 'rd,lirl) l"pd iyexita izazky dne,"ezk`ln xneb èd eiykre,dk`ln xnb zryay 87 88 89 435

oncixt dcedi `ny mèzd xeaic - "lkeè ezk`ln lhand" - d`zilz `xecdnay e`ld zxcbd lr xnb zrya `ly lk`y e`" d`riax `xecdna m"anxd siqed,mlerny ezqitz z`.iyilyd jldnd edf.letk e`l èd zrke,i"yx zhiy z` mèzd xeaic,"dk`ln eyexitl mi`zd df oepbqe,"ynxg zrya lkì `ly" m"anxd wgn iriaxd jldna.ewgenle dfd gqepd z` yehpl sicrd ycg yexit zlaw mr.dpyna mcewd zekld ly df wxtn dnbeca izwqr (akek zxrd,lirl e`x) dpey`xd iz`vxda oeyl it lr xzei oekp yexitk d`xpd oey`xd eyexitn m"anxd xfg day zexiky lr eywde mipey`xd eàe,i"yx yexitk èdy,xzei dyw yexit uniè,`xnbd d`xy dn jezn m"anxd ea xfgy oerihd,df avna.`zgn `cga m"anxde i"yx dhiyl ribd cvik xiaqdl dyw ok `l m`y,xzei wfg zeidl ieyr i"yx yexita ly ezeaxwzd o`k eply oecipa eliè.mipey`xd ipira otec z`veie ddenz zaygpd m"anxd icia did ozip m`d.ezhiy z` dxtiy i"yx yexita dhewpd drcl m"anxd ozip `ly xexa?i"yx yexitl zewwcfd `ll,envr zegeka ycgd eyexitl ribdl.ef zexyt` lelyl lr libxk dxen,"dk`ln" mr,lretk e` mvr myk,x"nb sxvd zipepbq dpigan zcear lr `le,zxcben dniyn ly zeplaw e`,ilkd zk`ln,ix td z k` l n 90 lr aqenk d`xp epzpyn oeyla "ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cr" htynd mpn`.mc`d "xyrnl ezk`ln dxnbp `ly cgein yiic dn" ly `ziixal dèeyd mle`,"dyerd" ixtd zk`ln xnba da xaecny,epzpyn lr cnll dleki (`"r ht `rivn àa),zxg` `ziixa iabl cgeina jke.mezqe xvw dpeyly s` lr,xaegnae yelza :`nw dxecdna ixtd zk`lnl wqt xak m"anxdy zexiky zekld oey`xd gqepd miphw ylezde mineyae milvaa ykpnd lke` epi` dfa `veike milecbd oian dk`ln xnb odiyrn oi`y iptn `"r,ht `rivn àa jci` ìpz xnb zryay xac cgein yic dn,yic èdy lk s`,ea lke` lret dk`ln.ea lke` lret dk`ln xnb zrya lièd,milvaae mineya ykpnd `vi.mda lke` lret oi` dk`ln xnb oiè epi`y mewn.dgky el oi` oxeble epnn.dgky el yi dk`ln xnb èdy mewnl xnrnd lk".dzk`ln xnb ìd ef i`" ;(g"n d"t d`t) "dgky el yi oxeble epnn.dgky el oi` dk`ln xnb e`xe ;(d"n g"t zay) "qtla dpezpe dtexh miviaay dlw dvia dilr lyal ick dpiwiqiyn 90 436

m"anxd ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit ezepyxta sè,èd mb ezelylzydle etebl jex` oeic oerh ef `ziixaa "dk`ln xnb" 91 `ziixaa wcwecnd oeird.xg` mewna xaca oec` d"iè,m"anxe i"yx zehiy oia xnb milretd ly odiyrnyk zexacn elld zeklddy dxkd icil ìadl ieyr ef oihiyd oiae zepeilbay daizka siqed m"anxdy itke,xaegna ode yelza od,dk`ln,"ezk`ln dxnbp `l oiicre","xaegna oia yelza oia" :zexiky zekld ly df wxta 92."dk`ln zxinb odiyrn eidiy ède" zetwynd,el` zeklda m"anxd ly eizexfg z` xiaqdl o`k epiivy dn geka yi,ok` dycg dhiy ly dakxdd zè,lretd zk`ln,dpynd oeyla oey`xd eyexit zyihp xaqd jka oi` oiicr mle`.i"yx yexitl zewwcfd `ll mb,ilkd zk`ln,eizeklda,zeevnd xtqa,dpynd yexita,mipyd lk jyna dpey`xd ezhiya wac recn dycg dhiy aikxd diipyd dxecdna wxe,dxez dpyn ly dpey`xd dxecdnae mipewiz ly zkyenn dxciq jexrl eze` daiigy,i"yx zhiyl dnecd zkl zwigxn beqn ef dxfg oi`.mixacd z` yxtl èaiy inl dken hrn `l minxebd oepbq iveliè.dkldd wqt ikxcl xzei zekiiyd,m"anxd ly zerecid eizexfg aex `l mb mle` - i"yx iyexita oiir m"anxdy gikedl meik ozip `l,lirl xen`k ly eyxcn ziaa i"yx yexit upvp `ly dnkqend.ef zexyt` xezql yi` lkei m"anxd daxid `l ixdy,zqtez dpi` dwizyd on di`xd.dic zqqean dpi` m"anxd xkfedy edylk iztxv mkg lr eixtq lkn epl rcep `le,llk minkg zeny xekfià 93 exkfed ok it lr sè.ziaxr ixaec zevxà z`vnp dxez zrcy xaq llkae,enya epiire.89 'nr,`"pyz milyexi,miyexitd,oipne`d z` xkeyd,jexr cenlza izazky dn.63 'rd,lirl.48 'rd,lirl e`x z` zetwyn ode,onf xg`l eà,oihiyd oiae oeiliba eazkpy,dl` zetqedy i`ceel aexw lk lr,ixtd zk`ln lr "dk`ln" yxtl dpynd oeyla m"anxd ly zipexwrd ezxfg.ixtd zk`ln lr hlea oteà o`k gqip ef dxfgl m`zdae,epi`xy itk,zeiyrnd dizeklyd e`x ;dil` zetqedd oeyl zwife,dpynd oeyl yexita dxfgd lr ecnr `ly,mixwegd zrck `lye 'y - "dlabde dagxd meyn oda yiy,zetqed izy df mewna qipkd onf xg`" :sq` dgny lynl.12 'rd 153 'nr 'nr,(h"vxz) gi,xtq zixw,"qlh` ly extq lr dxiwq",sq` zveawl dt lra xn`y mixac zelbl m"anxd ul`p oiicd qgpt 'xl znqxetnd ezxbià oday lecb mkg elt`,milxrd ixray micedid lk mb,`vpxt ipa el`" :epeyl dfe,eiaxewn,mil`rnyid enk oecl oze` oigipn milxrd oi`y,oda oilibx opi`y itl,oipica iwa epi` ep`y enk,daxd cenlza edeytgiy cr eze` erci `le,icn xzei ea ekixì oic odl èaiyke lkd,oda oiwqer eidy onfd ezeàe,oda oiwqer ep` oi`y itl,meid zepaxwd ipicn oica oieyr,oicd iwqta mil`rnyid oia mipkeyd el` enk ytgl `le le`yl oikixv opiè,oda oiriwa eid dptny dnec.fnz-enz 'nr,(1 'rd,lirl) zliy - "micinlzd elt` oda elbxed xaky lgp xak mcewn.lipeln ozpedi epax icia qpaext inkg zel`y ribda lg dl` zeieqgiizda 91 92 93 437