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Transkrypt

1

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17 4. w>*h>rd>ys> ysrvxt[jvxud>y,dr 'D;td.0Jqd;0JvX undb.udb.cj 'Ju0DR cghbh.vxmtylr vxttd.0j'.vx ud>ufd.wj. 'D; ud> y,drtqxwz.thr td.'d;w>cgj;w>,mvxu'd;m.b.w>wdw>-w>'d; ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhvxb.udb.cj'ju0dr vxtd.0jqd;0jvxtylrm.vdri 'Ju0DRcGHbh.tHR td.ol.vdrto;vxud>ufd.wj.tylr< tcdyndrh>0j ufd.wj.y'd.t vdm tyrthr td.'d; w>pdurdrysjrwkm vx ysrb.udb.cj wz.tzdcd.'d; vx 'Ju0DRwz. 'fttd.'d; w>pdurdr ysjr wkmvx ud>ufd.wj.'dwbh.ngtzdcd.tod;m.vdri vxud>ufd.wj.tylrthr ojp;oeltd.'.xjwcg{dr'd; oel0jm. rh>0judf. wj.zd;ojp; oelm.vdri xhud>vx ttd.'d;w>pdurdrysjrwkmwbh.pkmpkm vx[d.cd.'dbh. tylr td.'d; w>pdw>urdr vx uzd.ch;0jojp;w>bsxql y'd.'d; tw>vd>w>usjwz.m.vdri b.q.oemuh 'fw>ymzsg wh>vx tqx'd. (3) b.ud b.cj'ju0dr wz. b.ol0j w>od.w>od w>bsxwz. tguvkmtgcg vxtusg y.ckm0j'd; xh*krud>*r tojp; M.vDRI vxm.trjmng< ufd.wj. ty'd.wz. td.'d;w>pdw>urdr ysjrwkm vx t [h.w>cgj;w>,m vx ysr'ju0drzdwz. vx w>rl; w>&> vxw>ymyed.0jtd.wedr vxrh>wtj.'d;ckxx0jvx uvjrqlufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhoh'd; tup>'.0jbsg&sj0jvx 'J u0drylrohm.vdri ph.nd.ydwh 'D;w>wDw>-w> rh>w>wcgvx tufd;rj;cj; bhbl 'd.r; vx w>vd>ud;ylr'j;< 'D;vDRqD'.w> vx w>vxtb. C;'D;ySRb.uDb.cJwz.M.vDRI qxuwd>cjthr ysrvxttd.vxb.udb.cj'ju0drwz.tylr ted.*h>td.0 J*D>rk> *D> yr'd; ysroh.wz.thr wrh>ufd.wj.txhzdud>zdb.tcd 'k;td.xd.ph.nd.ydwhoelvxttd.'d;w>wrw>wz.tg r;< 'D;w>0JM. rh>w>wcgvxtvxmbl.vxmphr< vxmw>qxuwd>'d; 'd;omrxd.ph>ud;to;vx eph;uwdrvxt*h>w z.tzdcd.m.vdri vhmymzsgwbh.thrynd.0jvdrvdr b.c;'d;ohg.xh;rk.cgggw>pkql.cd.wu;w>rl;w>&>'d; tw>wdw>-w>tpxvx t[jxd.wz. vxundb.udb.cj'ju0dreghbh.vx undtguwx>tylrm.vdri ywckoh.ngrrvdm>w>rl;w>&> vx u&h.eh.b.udb.cj'ju0drchbh. tylrm.'h;b.i zjyrh>ol 0D>}oJ vxtrh>?yxrud>/ <?ph.nd.ugd>wz.</?w>cd xhoh.ngw>/ <?Cdm/'D;oJp;w>bsX oh.wz. thrm.< yub.qsxcdw>*h>thrql udf.wj.zd;ojp; oel'd; xj'. w>vd> 'D;ySRvX'd;M>b.w>[h.w>ysJvXuFD.wJ.ty'd.{dRM.vDRIb.q.oemuh<vXySRz;w>zdz;0J'D;ue>yX>0JnDnDt *D>< vhmymzsgwbh.thr w>uolw>uwdr0d>}oj tzsx.wz.'ftrh> (?w>wdw>-w>/'d;/w>rl;w>&>/) vxw>u qsx cd qlysr*rttd.<w>tuh>t*drwz.'d;w>tusdrtusjwz.<chrhrvxmvx'ju0drwz.tylr'd;qlud>ufd.wj.tylrph> ud;m.vdrib.rekrtcdvj.m. vx'ju0drylrm. w>ol0d>}ojvxtrh> ojp;t0d>}ojwz.'d; w>tuh>t*drwcdwwkr xd.'d; zd;ojp;tuh>t*drvdrwh>vdrqj;b.i 'D;w>tHR wrh>w>vx b.w>ym*x>ymusxr'd;wl>vdmtdrvx ud>ufd.wj.y 'd.b.i b.q. 0D>}oJ'D;w>uwdRvX w>uol tdrvx t*rwtd.ph>ud;b.i vxw>*h>thrtzdcd.< 'fod; ysrz;w>ymzsg wbh.thr ue>yx>0j&sj&sj t*d> w>rh>ol zd;ojp;tusdm wzsx.cd vxw>qsxcd tusdrtusj t*d> b.q. w>m>pdm>urdrvx ph.nd.ydwhwcd w'fod;vdmto;b.m.vdri 'fyph;wh>vxx;tod; ph.nd.ydwhvx ud>ufd.wj.ty'd.tw> pdw> u rdrysjrwkmtd.0j'.vxb.udb.cj'ju0drud;bh.'j;tzdcd.tcd<ph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjvx'ju0dr'd;ud>ufd.wj.y 'd. thr vdrqdvdmto; M.vDRI w>t&h'd.wrhr vx wud>cg w>td.o; vx tujxd.to;ohvx b.udb.cj zdoh.wz. vxud>ufd.wj.tylr rh>0j w> qsxuhr u'guhr ql xhvd>ud>ylr vxtrh>0j w>wcgvx td.zsgvxtujxd.to;oh p;xd.vhvx (2011 ) zj w>rrw> y wkm w>c; tusdrtusj'd;ud>y,dr vhrvhr M.vDRI w>ed>ed>wcd w>tudsrtusjthrrrto; CX'd.r; < 'D; w>vdrvdrqdqd vx t qdwvjto;td.xd.ph>ud;vxw>m.tzdcd. w>wx.yd.td.xd.0jtgrhrtguvkm b.c;ysrb.udb.cjwz.u uhru'guhr ql ud>y,dr um>uoh vxusj'fvj.t*h>m.vdri zjw>ugj;vhmymzsgwbh.thr vxtb.c;'d; ysrb.ud b. cjwz.t*h> tqxuwd> < cx.p;wz.vxtrh> (UNHCR) y'd.zd;ojp; ysrrrw>zdwz.< 'D; xh*krud>*r ursx>obvu&x wz. [l;*jr'd;usj;px;0j'.vx?w>uwjmuwdro;vxw>uhru'guhrt*d> /vxw>td.o;0jthrtuwd> ywl>b.vx w>uwjmuwdro;w>[l;w>*jr b.w>rrtdr trjmng w>-ux; [H;xD.zD.xD.b.C;w>CkxH.M> w>rl;w>&> 'D;w> tpx vx[jxd.wz. thr vxtrh> tvdm0j ed>ed> vx w>ub.ckxh.m>tdrm.vdri 16

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27 yrh>ug>v Xrk>qh.rk>*DRw>rRo;wcD< yug>vx undb.udb.cj'ju0drylr wz. w>rl;w>&>'d.'d.rk>rk> vx trro;vx ty.ckmy.*d>'d;ufd.wj.xhzdud>zdwz.m. xdbdb.w>qsxcdtdrqlufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh vxw>u[h;xd.zd.xd. w>*h>w>usdrt*d>m.vdri yug>ph>ud;vx'ju0drph.nd.ydwhtylr w>rl;w>&>vxb.w>rrur.tdr'd.'d.rk>rk>vxysr b.udb.ujwz.ndek>qsxcdxd.0jqlufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhttd.m.vdri t'd=w>rh>[h.w>uvk>vxb.'k;cmysr rrur.w>vxtqxuwd>t,hmtxx< ysrrrur.w>thr ol.*jr'd;vdrb.,d.< ysrrrur.w>rryshrrrzk;ysrw0xvx'j u0drtylr< rhwrh> 'Ju0DRwl>b.0JvXw>rl;w>&>0JtHR [H;xD.zD.xD.0JvXtup>'.0Jw>td.o;tzDcd.wM>b. w z.m.vdri vxyw>ckxh.m>wbsdthryxh.b.vxohg.xh;'d;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;(13%)b.w>wd.zsgxd.tdrvx'ju0dr b. rlb.'gwz.ttd.0hrtvd>ch w>qsxxd.u'guhrw>rl;w>&>wz.thrql ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh ttd.m.vdri v X (IRC/LAC)'D;(UNHCR) tw>xxzsd.w>rl;w>&>ted.*h>ed.'g;'d; w>rl;w>&>tuvkmwz.vx b.w>[h;xd. zd. xd.tdrvxufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhwz.wcd< wtd.vxundydmrk.u&xtw>rred.rrcgtylrb.i vxw>m.tcd w> rl; w>&> (13%)tHR b.xgjb.bs;vdmto;'d; ph.nd.ydwh zjvj.wwdrvj.t*h>m. yph;wohb.i ugd>rh.w>rl;w>&>vxw>usjrclusjrzd;tdrwoh ufd.wj.tvd.tyry'd. [h.vdr0jw>ej.usjwz.vx w>rrur.udg>rh.cdzsd w>[l;w>*jr 'fvj.wuvkmvx ysrb.ud b.cjwz. rh>rrur.0j'd; w>ub.qsxxd.tdrql ufd.wj.b.rlb.'gttd.vj.m.vdri w>rrur.'fthrwuvkm b.w>qsxxd.tdr 'f?udg>rh.vxw>rrur.tdr'd; w>usjrclusjrzd;tdrwohb./tod; wz.m.vdri(ug>b.vxvhm bs;pjed.*h>(1)vxw>*h>w>usdrtvxtysjrt*d>m.wuh>i w>ymvdrtd.ph>ud;0jvxw>rl;w>&>'fthrwz. w>ub. [H;xD.zD.xD.tDRxJ'.vX ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh{dr 'D; 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh[H;xD.zD.xD.0Jwoh b.m.vdri w>ej.usj wtd.0j edwrhrvx w>td.o;rh>td.xd.vx ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh rh>wtj.'d; rrwhmwmto;vx w>u[h;xd.zd.xd. ugd>rh.vxw>usjrclusjrzd;tdrwohb. vxtrrto;vx'ju0drtylrwz.thrt*d>m.b.i 'D;w>eJ.usJtd.'.xJw qh;wuh> vxtrh>w>tusdrtusjvxw>ph.nd.ydwhv X'Ju0DRylR 'D; vx ufd.wj.tusdrtusj vx w>ub.rrtdr'fvj. t*d>'ftrh>w>qsxcd<w>ymzsg<w>[h.cd[h.edr<vhmvj>vxw>ugj;vdrymvdrtdr<'d;w>rroud;w>wz.m.vdriw> ej.usjvxw>ub.rrtdr'fvj.t*h>m. w>ej.usjtd.wqh;wuh>m.vdri udg>rh.vx w>ymzsgxd.tdrvxvmwz.thr rh> udg>rh.vx w>rrur.tdr'd; w>usjrclusjrzd;tdrwoh'd; b.w>ym yed. tdr'ftrh> ogh.xh;w>pkql.cd.wu; M.vDRI (u) w>rrohrr0d (c ) w>rrurysrund (* ) w>rry,gj vx ttd.'d; ed>cdw>b.'db.xh;'d; w>rrql;rrqg (C ) ohg.xh;w>rrur.xd'g qlzdo. (i ) w>rrw&dwyg trl;v Xw>usJRClusJRzd;wM> w>rrw&dwygtrl;vx w>usjrclusjrzd;tdrm>'d;wm> ufd.wj.ojp;ugj;ymzsgxd.0j'.vxw>rrw&dwygchuvkmthrtbx.pxr vxtrh>w>rrw&dwygtrl;vx w>usjrcl usjr zd;tdrwm> 'D; w>rrw&dwyg trl;vx w>usjrclusjrzd;tdrm> t*h>m.vdri yrh>ug> vxw>ej.usjvxw>rl;w>&> vx w> usjrclusjrzd;wohb.wz.tod; w>rrw&dwygtrl;vxw>usjrclusjrzd;wm.b.thr w>ub.[h;xd.zd.xd.tdr xj'.vx ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh{drm.vdri rhrh>w>rrw&dwygtrl;vx w>usjrclusjrzd;tdrm>wz.wcd w>u b. zd. xd. tdrvx 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwhM.vDRI w>rrw&dwygvxw>usjrclusjrzd;tdrwm>b.thr 'fufd.wj.ojp;ymzsgxd.0jvxt*h>tusdr'd; rh>w>wcgvxty. Ckm 'D; w>v Xw>ymzsgxD.tDRtusgwcgM.vDRI (u ) ysrwl>b.w>b.w>rrw&dwygtdrvx w>vd>vx trh>ursx>w>vd>( rhwrh>) (c )ysrwl>b.w>to;eh.td. (15)eH.qltzDvm( rhwrh>) (* ) ysrwl>b.w>b.w>rrw&dwygtdr vx ysrrrur.w> tgm>'h;w*r (rhwrh>) 26

28 (C ) ysrwl>b.w> td.'d;w>b.'db.xh;cdzsd tb.w>rrw&dwygtdrtcd ( rhwrh>) (i ) ysrwl>b.w> oh cdzsdw>rrw&dwygtdrtcd (p)ysrw*r*rvxtrrw&dwygw>'d;[h;m>w>cgj;w>,mvxtw>pdw>urdrtzdcd. (rhwrh>) [H;w>pdw>urDRvXySR wl>b.w>tzdcd. ( rhwrh>) (q)w>olw>pku0jrwrhrrhrvxtrrb.'db.xh; rhwrh> rryshrrrzk;ysrwl>b.w> zjw>rrw&dwygtdrtqxuwd>(rh w rh>) (&S)w>olw>vXtyd>z;ohoh.wz.vXw>rRysHRrRzk; rhwrh> w>rrb.'db.xh;ysrwl>b.w> zjw>rrw&dwygtdrt qx uwd> w>rrw&dwygtrl;v Xw>usJRClusJRzd;tDRM>tHRvX ufd.wj.ojp;tylr b.w>ugj;vdrymvdrtdr 'fttd.zsgvxvmt od;m.vdri (u ) ysrwl>b.w> b.w>rrw&dwygtdrvx w>vd>clol.< 'D; ( c ) ysrwl>b.w> to; eh. td. (15)eH.qltzDcd. (* ) ysrwl>b.w> b.w>rrw&dwygtdr vx ysrrrur.w>xjw*r{dr< 'D; (C ) ysrwl>b.w>wb.w> rrql;rrqg rrohtdr zjw>rrw&dwygtdr uwd>b. < 'D; (i ) ysrwl>b.w> wb.w>rrw&dwygtdrvx ysrvx ttd.'d;rl'gw>pdw>urdr b.i 'D; (p ) w>wrryshrrrzk;tdredwrhr zjw>rrw&dwygtqxuwd>b.i (q ) w>wolw>vxtyd>z;oh oh.wz.vx w>rrw&dwygtqxuwd>b.i vxudf.wj.ojp;tylr<udg>rh.vxb.w>ymyed.tdrvxtrh>w>vx?w>usjrclusjrzd;tdrm>/oh.wz.m.w>[h.0j t cgj;vxysrwl>b.w>'d;ysrrrur.w>ch*rthr[h.w>tx.vdrtdvdrvdmo;wcgcgohvxw>wx.yd.wjoud;w>tqx uwd> oh 'D; ub.w>wdcd.&d.rjqsx tdrvx yxrud>m.vdri w>qxwjmvxw>rrur.w> t*d> w >tusdrtusj'fthr w>rrtdroh '.xjvx w>td.o;vx ysrwl>b.w> rh>tx. vdr wl> vdm0jvxurr0jr;m.vdri b.q.vx udg>rh.vxb.w>ymyed.tdr 'ftrh>udg>rh.vxw>usjrclusjrzd;tdrwohb.w z. w>w[h.tcgj;vxw>usjrclusjrzd;'fthrb.i vx[d.cd.'dbh.vxxhud>tgbh.tylr< w>usjrclusjrzd;'fthr ujxd. 0Jwohb.'D; ud'd.r;vxw>u[h.w>qxwjmvxw>usjrclusjrzd;udg>rh.w>qxwjm'fthrwz.t*d>m.vdri rhrh>w>w cgvxndek>tujxd.to;ohvxw>rl;w>&> vxtrh>w>qh;qh;zdwz. vxxhzdud>zdwz.tzdcd. b.q. w>qx wjm 'f thr w>wrrtdrph>ud;b.m.vdri v XuD>th&S.weDRtylR 'ftrh> ufd.wj.ud> ojp;w>bsx [h.'h;'.w>cgj;w>,m vx w> [h.w>qxwjmvx w>usjrclusjrzd; vx w>rrw&dwyg tzdcd.m.vdri w>}wdrrwhmwmwz.vxw>'d;m>ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh t*d>wz. w>rroud;w>'d;w>&hvdmrkmvdmvx'ju0drph.nd.ydwh'd;ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhrh>w>vxtwrw>z;'d.wcgm.vdri ysrw0xtw>ph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjthr rhrh>w>td.,xrwcgvxtwvxwysjrb.'d; wb.bsd;b.'gb.q.< rh>w> wcgvx ysrndek>'d;tdrtzdcd. ysrw0xwz.ckxx0jvxuol0jw>tusdrtusjt0jthrt'd.uwx>m.vdri w>t*krt*r vxtrh> w>vxmbl.vxmphr'd; w>}wdrrwhmwmvxt*rwz. td.0jvxt'k;vdrp>ughmysr vxttd.vx'ju0drylrwz. to;o[d. v X uvjrql ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh tusdrtusj t*d>m.vdri w>v Xt'k;vDRp>ySRo;o[D.wz. 'ftrh> = w>vxmbl.vxmphrvdrvdrqdqdvx w>vxty.ckmvxw>vjrw>uhrtylrtqxuwd> zjw>uvjrqlufd. wj.udg>bsd.uwd>t*d> w>oh.wz.m. y.ckm'd;w>vjrw>uhr< w>td.w>qd;< 'D;w>tD.w>tDwz. M.vDRI ysrb.udb.cjwz. wtd.'d;w>cgj;w>,mvxvxysjrysjr vxuok;to;qlthrqlekrb.'d; tvd>td.vx u b.'d;m> w> vjrw>uhrtvhmysj v Xtu[;xD.vX 'Ju0DRcsX t*d>m.vdri ysrb.udb.cjwz.vd.b.0jzd;ojp; ysrvxtuujxd.cx.p;vxt*d> vxudg>bsd.tylr'd; ysr'ju0drzdw z.thr wrh>ysroh.wz.vx tndek>'d;ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusj'd; zd;ojp;w>cgj;w>,mwz.m. b.i ysrb.udb.cjwz. ndek>wuwdrudf.wj.usdmb.tcd w>udw>cjtd.0j'.vx w>uvjr cdzsd usdm'd; w> qj; w>vr wz.thrtzdcd.m.vdri 27

29 ufd.wj.udg>bsd.thrtd.ol.vdrto;vxw>vd>t,hr'd;tbl;m.<'d;omrxd.to;vx'ju0drol.vdr qdvdro;tvd> tzdcd.m.vdri ysrb.udb.cjwz. yshr0j'.'d.r;v X w>uug>wvdr t0joh. vx ufdmwj. ph.nd.ydwh tylrm.vdri ysrwl>b.w> zd;ojp; tw>*h>w>usdr wz.<b.wb.rh>w>v Xw&SJvX t0joh.t*d>b.i vxw>m.tcd< ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh tusdrtusj rhrh>w>vxtd.'d;tuh>t*dr< tw>td.,xrwz. 'D; w>pdw>urdr w z.vxu[h;xd.zd.xd.w>rl;w>&>vxt'd.'d.rk>rk>wz.b.q.<ndek>zsgvxtrh>w>vxwtd.'d;w>'dol.'do; b.< w>wndek>'d;tdrb. 'D; w>thr rryshrrrzk; ysr'ju0drzdwz.m.vdri 4.4. w>zh;w>rrrl'gwz.vxph.nd.ydwh tudsrtusjtylr yrh>ug>u'guhr0;0;m. ph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusj vx ysrb.udb.cjwz.'d;m>0johoh.wz. M. rh>w>oh.wz.vx ysr ed>w*rb.w*r 'D; w>u&xu&dwz.tuwjmuwdr 0JvX b.w>ymvdrtdrvx w>cd.oh. vgh>uvkmtylrm.vdri (u) ysrvxtzd.cmw>pdw>urdrwz. = ufd.wj.ty'd.wz.< (UNHCR)(IRC/LAC)unDb.uDb.cJurH;wHm< ('D;u&h.eH.b.uDb.cJurH;wHm) ysroh.wz.thr rh>ysroh.wz.vxtugj;zdvph.< 'k;td.xd.w>od.w>odwz.< rrw>qxwjmwz.< td. 'D;w>pd w>urdrvx'k;td.xd.w>'d;ym*x>ymusxrw> 'D;bd;b.oh.ngw>od.w>oD< 'k;td.xd.vhmwdrchw>ej.usjw z.<'k;td.xd.w>ymudrw>[h;m>w>*h>w>usdrwz.tusdrtusj<[h.edrvdrrhwrh>'k;oh.ngqdw><[h.w>rr vd< [h.w>td.,xrwz.<cdqxuhrw>qlw>utkupgg vxb.w>wd.xd.tdrwz.<'k;td.xd.w>od.w> odrl'g vxysrrrw>zdwz.ub.rrxgj0jvx'ju0drw>yxw>qsx'd;w>zd.ch;vxysr'ju0drwz.tzdcd.t*d><td.'d;w>pd w> u rdrvxuqdwvj'ju0drph.nd.ydwhw>qxwjmwz.<'d;t *kr t *Rw z. M.vDRI (c) ysrvxtrrvd.xd.z;xd.w>wz. = 'Ju0DRurH;wHm<pH.nD.uGD>wz.<u0DR'hcd.wz.<bH.bXwz.<usJRClqX wjmu&l>wz.< (LAC.) ysroh.wz.thr [H;xD.zD.xD.w>rl;w>&>wz.cJvXmvdRvdRM.vDRI t'd= 'd;m>w>ymzsg rhwrh>w>wd.xd. w>utkupggvxtrh>w>rrur.udg>rh.< w>cdxhoh.ng< w>chxd.w><w>'k;cmw>< w>qxwjm< w>qsxcdqlysr *kr ysr*rttd.< w>usjrclusjrzd;< w>ph.nd.qxwjm< w>[h.w>uvk>oh.wz.m.vdri zjysrvxttd.'d;w>pdw>urdrvxw>ej.usjb.bsd;b.'gt*d> w>vdrzsj.vdr[dtd.tuwd>< ysrwzkthr rh wrh>ysr ed>w*rvxw>u&xu&dwzkthrtylr 'k;td.xd.w>od.w>od rhwrh> 'k;e>yx>w>od.w>odwz. M.vDRI (*)ysrvxtuwdrm>cj;w> ysrvxt[h.w>qd.xgjrrpxrw>wz. =undydmrk.u&x<*h>cd.xh;w>u&xu&d<xh*krud> *RursX>obhsu&XweDR< w>bl.w>bgcd.e> rhwrh>ysrw0xcd.e>wz.<ysrol.uho;ys>wz.<ysr[h.ul.[h.z;w>w z.< [H.zdCDzdwz.M.vDRI ysroh.wz.thr rh>ysroh.wz.vxtvk>bxw>tusdrtusjwz.throhb.q. wtd.'d;w>pdw>urdr vx u[h. w>qxwjm v Xw>rl;w>&>wcg'D;wcg tzdcd.m.b.i t0joh.[h.w>[h.ul.[h.z;'d;w>*h>w>usdr<[h.w>zh;w>rr w>qd.xgjrrpxrvx ysrwl>b.w>wz. rhwrh> ysr rrur.w>< xd.w>rl;w>&>wz.'d; uwdrm>cj;w>vx 'fod;w>tpxvxt*hr vxu[jxd.vxysr wl>b.w> rhw rh> ysrrrur.w>wz.t*d><'d;vjrpxruhrpxrysrwl>b.w> rhwrh> ysrrrur.w>wz. zjt0joh.ckxh.m>w>qd.xgj rr pxr 'D;rh> ChxD.0J tuwd>m.vdri (C)IySRvX tcd;ug>w> ysrvxtug>xhorhord;w>wz.= ysrb.udb.cjw0xu&xzdwz.<ursx>obhsu&xwz. ysr vxtqd.xgjusd.phw>qd.xgjrrpxrwz. ysroh.wz.thr [h.uds.phw>qd.xgjrrpxr'd; w>td.,xroh.wz.m.vdri t0joh.rh>ysrwz.vxtvk>bxw>m>b.q.wtd.'d;w>pdw>urdrvxu[h. w>qx wjm vx w> rl; w> &> wz. tzdcd.b.i 28

30 qxuwd>cjthr w>pdw>urdr 'D; w>m>pdm>urdr tmqx. w>rrwugd>vx ysrtqduwx> chzk vxw>ymzsgxd.tdrwz.thr w>wugj;vdrto;&sj&sjb.i u&l>wedr wrrysjrtrlt'g vdrwh>vdrqj;*hr*hrb.trjmng rrwvxughmw>vx tb.rr0j wz. 'd.m>'h;w>vxw>ymyed.m>tdr'h;m.wuh>vdri 'D;w>tHR wtd.zsg&sj&sjph>ud;vxu&l>t*krt*rwz. tw>pd w> urdrwtw>m>yxb.td.wkrxjvj.xjvj.t*h>m.vdrirl'gw>zh;w>rrwz.'du-xxvdmo;tgr;'d;cd.csxvdmt o;m.vdri ph.nd.ydwhvx wu&l>wu&l>tylr wtd.'d;w>ymvdrvxt&sjb.m.vdri w>thr ujxd.w>o;'h'dv X w>yxqsx&j.usjrph.nd.ydwhtylr'd; w>ph.nd.ydwhtpxvxt[jxd.wz. ujxd.w>vxtw-ux;uxud.b.vxysr wl> b.w>wz.t*d>m.vdri 4.5. w>*h>w>usdr b.c;w>'k;cmvx 'Ju0DRtylR xh*krud>*rojp;*h>cd.xh;w>od.w>odw>bsx<[jujxd.to;vxw>*h>w>usdrwz. 'ftrh>[d.cd.'dbh.ysr[d.cd. zd cgj;,mtw>bd;b.&rvdr(udhr)<[h.xd.0j'.vxysrud;*r'j;td.'d;w>cgj;w>,mvx w>wb.zd.wh>'k;cmtdr vxtwtd.'d;w>*h>w>usdrtylrb. rhwrh> w>wb.'k;cmtdrvxw>'k;cmtylr vxw>[h.w>ph.nd.vxtw zd;ojp;m.b.i vxxhud>wbh.'d;wbh.pkmpkm xj'.ysrvxw>[h.pd[h.urdrvdrqdtdrwz.{dr zd.uxrcmw>m>m. vdrindek>ysroh.wz.thr rh>cx.p;wz.trrw>vxxhvd>ud>ylrph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjwz.'d; ysrvxtrrw>vxzd; ojp;tusdrtusjwz.< 'D; vx w>td.o;vx w>uzd.'k;cmw>t*d> M.vDRI w>t0jthr ujxd.w>udw>cj vdrqd wz. vxb.udb.cj'ju0drylrwylrv>v>'d; ysrvxttd.vx ud>ufd.wj.wz.t*d>m.vdri tg'.w>wuh> b.udb.c J'J u0drwz.td.,hrvdmto;'d;ufd.wj.yxrud>'d; ufd.wj.yxrud>0jrvd>wz. 'D;CdmvXw>xXEkmySRrRur.w>wz. t*d>m.vdrizsgvdr*mvx rhrh>w>vxtujxd.to;'d;ysr'ju0drzdwz. b.c;'d;ysrvxb.w>qdurd.tdrvx trr u r.udg>rh.<vxtrrur.0jvx'ju0drtylrwz.m. b.w>zd.'d;w>'k;cmtdrvxufd.wj.b.rlb.'gvx w>ymyed. tdrwz.m.vdri b.q. xj'.w>rl;w>&>vxufd.wj.wl>vdm0jvx ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjtylrwz.{drm. vdri vxw>rl;w>&>'d.'d.rk>rk>wz.cjvxmt*d> 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJtHR b.ug>qx.rjm0j'd;w>udw>cjw z.m.vdri w>ej.usjvx tcd.csxxd'gvdmto;td. 0Jtgr; b.c; w>ol w>'k;cm vx 'Ju0DR ywd> vx b.w>[h.vdrtdrql ysrvx trrvd.xd.z;xd.w>vx vx ph.nd.ydwhwz. cdzsd ysred>w*r 'D; w>u&xu&dvx ttd.'d; w>pdw>urdr wz.m.vdri vxw>bh.w>bxt*d> w>rl;w>&>vxtrh>w>pkql.cd.wu;wz. tgwuh>b.w>[h;xd.zd.xd.tdrvx 'Ju0DR ph. nd.ydwh'd; ph.nd.ydwhysrvx rrvxxd.ysjrxd.w>wz. xh.0jvxw>thrujxd.w>rrpxrwcgvx zjt0joh.rh>'k;cmysr wedredr vxtb.w>qdurd.tdrvxtrrur.w> rhwrh> w>xh.m>uhrtdrvxtub.td.'d;w>[h;m>rl'g vx w>vx trr0jwrhrrhrtzdcd.<ysrvxtrrur.ugd>rh.vx'ju0drylrwz.m.vdrib.q.(mdrg)thr w[h.*h>[h.bgw>'k; Cmw>vX'Ju0DRylRb.M.vDRI w>ej.usjvxw>usjrclusjrzd;w> vxb.w>rrur.tdrwz.t*d>/wbh.thr b. w> rr*hrxd.uhrtdrvx (IRC)'D;unDb.uDb.cJurH;wHmvX w>uoltdrvx'ju0drylr ymvdr0j&sj&sjzdvx w>'k;cm wrh> w>ckxxwcg 'ftrh>w>ph.nd.vxchuwx>wcgvx'ju0drtylrm.b.i vxusjt*rwbd w>*h>w>usdrvxttd.xd. wz. vxtrh>w>'k;cmtw>ej.usjthr zsgvxtrh> w>vxw>ub.vjruymughmtdr'd;xhvd>ud>ylrb.rlb.'gvx tb.rlb.'gvx'ju0drwbh.b.wbh.pkmpkmtylrwz. wl>vdm0jvx w>*h>wedredrtzdcd. w>'k;cmvx'ju0drylr thr tvd>td.0j< vdrqd'.w>vxysrrrur.w>vxtolw>pkql.cd.wu;< vdrb.,dmwz. rhwrh> ysrvxol w>uwdr ql.ql.ud>ud> xd'grryshrrrzk;w>qlysrt*kmt*rwz. rhwrh> vxw>uyvd>qdo;vx ysrvxb.w>xh.m>tdrvx t rr ur.ugd>rh.'d.'d.rk>rk>okwch>ylrzsj;to;w*hrt*d>m.vdri tgwuh>vx'ju0drwz.tylr<w>u&xu&dwtd.edwzkvxu[h.usd.phw>qd.xgjrrpxr'd;w>td.,xrvxtvd.0j wz.vxw>'k;cmt*d>b.iysrb.udb.cjbh.bxwz.w>w[h.tdrw>bh.w>bxw>yd;w>vdedwrhrb.iphtd. vd;wz.vxb.w>[h.tdrvx ysrvxtrrur.w>wz.thr rh>w>vxt[jekmvdrwcg'd; w>thrrh>'.w>wqh; wuh> vxtrrpxrw>zsd.w>,mwpj;wrgj;vx'ju0drwz.tylrm.vdri w>'k;cmw>td.o;vx'ju0drylrwz. vdrqdvdmt o;vx'ju0drwbh.'d;wbh.pkmpkmm.vdri b.q.yrh>ug>vxw>td.o;0;0; 'frk>qh.rk>*drtod;m. w>thr w>tx. vdrwl>vdm0jvx w>thrwrh>w>vxt-ux;0jb.0jvx w>uymysrundvxt,hmtxxvxw>'k;cmtylrm.b.i w>'k; CmvX'Ju0DRCkbh.tylR b.w>bsdtdrvx0.'d;oh.wz.'d; vxundb.udb.cj'ju0drxjwbh.{dr vxtrh> rj>v; 29

31 'Ju0DRwcD w>'k;cmthr b.w>rrtdrvxoh.'d;bhv;rf. 'D;b.w>qD.xGJrRpXRtDRvX (IRC)M.vDRI (rhrh>u&h.eh. b.udb.cj'ju0drchbh.m.tw>'k;cmwcd rh>w>wuvkmcd'frj>v;tod;m.vdri) w>thr w>woh.ngb.tdr b.i b.rekrtcdvxw>td.,xrvxw>'k;cmt*d>wz. wb.w>rrpxrtdrvxxh*krud>*rursx>obhsu&xwz.w rhrcdvx'ju0drud;bh.'j;tylrb.vj.m.vdri w>chxd.wy,lmcdvxtb.w>chxd.tdrvx'ju0drurh; whmwz. vxw>uqd.xgjrrpxrw>'k;cmw>td.,xrwz.'d; w>uol.xd.bsdxd.w>'k;cmw>ol.xd.wz.vxtb.bsd; b.'g vx twkrxd.< xd.b; 'f xh*krud>*rtywd>tod;b.q. < w>chxd.thr w>wwl>vdmtdrb.m.vdri vxw>yjmxhedrz;uhrwud>cgph.nd.ydwhw>rrtwudg>vxundb.udb.cj'ju0drwz.tylrt*d><zf.pdrdrysrvxt vdrckxh.oh.ngw>w*rvxtrh>(cx;pxx>rj;cfcdehchm) (Kirsten Mc Connaichie) ugj;w>b.c;'d;w>'k;cmt *h>tusdrvxtw>vdrckxh.oh.ngw>tylr'd; tw>ymzsgvxtb.c;'d;ph.nd.ydwhtw>yxqsx&j.usjrvxb.ud b.cj'ju0droxbh.tylr M.vDRI?vXw>urRoDxD.rR*hRxD. w>qxwjmvx w>rrur.w> tusdrtusjt*d> 'fod;urh>ph.nd.ydwhwcgvx trr *hr xd. w>t*d> ('f?w>usjrclusjrzd;w>obh.bk.w>ej.usj/) usj;px;rr0jtod;< b.oh.oh. ujxd.w>rrpxrz;'d.wcgvx t[h.w>vx trrylrzsj;w> <v XtvD>td.0J tgr;< 'D; qd.xgjrrpxr w>rrvd.xd.z;xd.w>m.vdrib.q.oemuh w> [h.w>qxwjmvxw>rrur.w>wz.t*d>thr cdzsdw>xk;ughmw>vxtrh> w>zd.ch;vxw>urr*hrrrb.xd.w>w z.vx tujxd.to;ohoh.wz.m.tcd wrh>w>vxtujxd.w>rr*hrxd.ph.nd.ydwhb.i w>qsxekmwz.thr b.w>oltdrvx 'Ju0DR cd.e>wz. 'D;cJtHR vxt0joh.trjmng w>vxtvd>td.0jwz.td.0jtgr; vx tbl;xd.vx w>rr*hrxd.ph.nd.ydwhtuh>t*drm.vdri ( w>oh.wz.m. 'ftrh> w>wrhr*hrwrhr*hr ub.td.'d;w>[h.xd.w> [h.w>b.o;< w>y.ckmrroud;w>'d;w>usjrclusjrzd;w>vxw>wcgcgtzdcd.wz.m.vdri)b.q. w>thr 'd;o MRxD.ph>uD;to;vX w>zd.ch; vx trh>w>'k;cmw> tzdcd.m.vdri vxw>orhord; vx,rrtdrvx (2012) eh.tylr 'Ju0DRcd.e>wz.xH.b.0JvXw>tHRuD'd.r;vXw>ue>yX>0JvXpH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJurRto;wkRvDRwDRvDR vx trh> wy.ckm'd; w>'k;cm thr vx usj'fvj.t*h>m.vdri / w>'k;cm rh>w>wcgvxufd;rjmcj;'d; w>tgrhrtguvkmch.cl.vdmo; w>*h>w>usdrvxt'db.w>bh.w>bxvxysr wl>b.w>t*d><ysrvxb.w>qdurd.tdrvxtrrur.w>t*d><ysrvxtrrur.w>ed>ed>t*d>'d; ysrw0x'dwzkng t *D>M.vDRI vxm.trjmng 'Ju0DRwz.tHR td.ol.vdrqdvdrto;vxteh.(20)bsj.vhb.q. w>oh.wz.thr w b. w>rr*hrxd.tdr rlmrlmed>ed> vdrwh>vdrqj; 'H;b.I 30

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35 vxyw>ymzsg'd;[h.edrvdryw>ymzsgqdzk.udmwz.tzdcd.undydmrk.u&xw'd;m>b.uhrw>orhord;<w>ohug> oh'd;wz.w>qj;usd;cdzsdw>u&xu&dt*krt*rwz.vxyw>ymzsgxd.yw>ckxh.oh.ngwz.tzdcd.m.b.iw> u&xu&drhwrh>u&l>vxtrrw>vxph.nd.ydwhw>zh;w>rrtylrwz.w[jymzsgxd.to;edwzkvxtj.'d;rroud; w>'d;ysrcdzsd[h.edrvdrw>*h>w>usdrvxtd.'d;t0joh.wz.b.c;'d;'ju0drph.nd.ydwht*h>'fod;yuxd.o}wdr ug>xhorhord;tdrt*d>m.b.iw>thrrh>w>vxtvdro;pj'd;vdrurxur.'d.r;vx ysrvxttd.'d;w>pdw>urdrw z.wqj;usd;'d;ysrb.c;w>b.ud>b.*drwz.vxyymzsgxd.vxw>td.zsd.chcgvxmtylrb.c;w>ckxh.oh. ng w>*h>thrtzdcd.b.i 5.6. w>*h>w>usdrvxw>ub.z;qdtdrwz.= 'fod;'d;urrpxrysrvxyue>yx>tgxd.'d;yjmxhedrz;w>*h>w>usdrwz.vxw>ckxh.oh.ngthrum>uoht*d>yu b.z;qdvhm'd;w>ymzsgwedrvxtb.xgj'd;w>*h>thrm.vdriyugj;ymvdrvhmbs;pjed.*h>(3)tylrb.c;vhmvxt b.xgjvxw>-ux;z;qd'fod;urrtgxd.w>e>yx>t*d>m.vdri 34

36 w>ckxh.m>wz. 6. w>rl;w>&>wz.cjvxmtw>td.o;wz. w>rl;w>&>cjvxm(289)cgvxtrh>ogh.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;trl;t&>wz.b.w>ckxh.oh.ngb.tdrvx tgwuh>vx'ju0drud;zsx.'j;tylrvdriysrwl>b.w>(84µ)vxtrh>w>rl;w>&>(425)rl;thrm.ckxx0jvxtuymzsg wd.xd.0jqlph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjm.vdrivxw>ckxh.oh.ngb.w>rl;w>&>wz.thrtw>yjmxhedrz;thr'd;o MRxD.to;vXw>rl;w>&>(242)rl;tHRtw>wDw>-w>wz.tw>tpX[JxD.t*h>'fvJ.tzDcd.M.vDRIvXw>rl; w>&>(289)rl;thrtusg(16%)vxtrh>w>rl;w>&>(47)rl;thrysrwl>b.w>wz.ckxx0jvxtwwd.zsgxd.tw>rl; w>&>qlph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjb.m.vdri vxw>rl;w>&>cjvxm(289)rl;tusg<(72µ)m.rh>ed>cdw>pkql.cd.wu;w>rl;w>&>wz.<(21µ)rh>ogh.xh;w>pk ql.cd.wu;wz.'d;(7µ)m.rh>ohg.xh;'d;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;tuh>t*drvxt*kmt*rwz.m.vdrivxw>rl; w>&>(242)rl;vxw>wd.xd.tdrqlph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjtusgyxh.m>b.tdrvxw>rl;w>&>tuvkmvxtb. w>wd.xd.tdrwz.trs;u,rxjod;vdmto;'fw>rl;w>&>vxtujxd.to;tod;c.c.m.vdri(73µ)rh>ed> cd w>pkql.cd.wu;<(21µ)rh>ogh.xh;w>pkql.cd.wu;<'d;(6µ)rh>ohg.xh;w>pkql.cd.wu;vxt*kmt*rwz.m. vdri 'Ju0DRvXw>rl;w>&>teD.*H>tguwX>wzsX.rh>0JrJ>v;'Ju0DR 'D;w>rl;w>&>teD.*H>wcDrh>0J (83) rl;m.vdri 'fm. t od;ph>ud;'ju0drwzsx.thrrh>'ju0drvxysred.*h>tguwx>vxundb.udb.cj'ju0dreghbh.vxmtusgm.vdri'ju0dr vxw>rl;w>&>tguwx>chbh.wbh.vxundb.udb.cj'ju0drcghbh.tusgrh>0jtl;yf.'ju0dr<w>rl;w>&>cjvxm (73)cgM.vDRI'Ju0DRvXw>rl;w>&>td.pSRuwX> rh>0jed.zd'ju0drm.vdri 'Ju0DR vhmwdrched.*h> (6): w>rl;w>&>cjvxmvx w>ckxh.m>wbsdthr w>rl;w>&>cj ogh.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;w>rl; vxm w>&>uvkmwz. ogh.xh; w> pk q l.cd.wu; ed>cdw>pk ql.cd.wu; ogh.xh;w>pk ql. cd. w u;t *kmt *R wz. b.w>wd.zsgxd.tdrql ph.nd.ydwh w>rl;w>&>w z.vx b.w> wd.zsgxd. tdr w>rl;w>&> wz. vxwb. w>wd. zsgxd.tdr 1 rj>v;tl; rj>&rrd> rj>v; tlyf ed.zd bg'd.,g xgr[h cjvxm rs;u,rwz. 100% 21% 72% 7% 84% 16% 6.1 w>rl;w>&>tpxvxtujxd.to;ohoh.wz. w>ph.nd.wjm tpxtvxtysjrvxt[jxd. 'D;b.w>xH.M>tDRwz.vXw>rl;w>&> vx'ju0dreghbh.vxm tzdcd.< w> ph.nd.wjmtpxtvxtysjrvxt[jxd.'d;b.w>xh.m>tdrwz.td.zsg'ftzdvmtod;thrvdri 'Ju0DRuD;bh.'J;w>rl;w>&>tpXvXt[JxD.wz. ; 1I w>xxekmtdrvxw>'k;cmtylr 2I qj;pkrk>usx> 'D; [h.w>tx.vdrtdvdr vxwrrur.0jvxrb.i 35

37 3I ysrrrur.w>ph.zsd; 4I w>w[h;m>*h>0db. 5I t*kmt*r wz. (w>[h.phtd.vd;ql ph.nd.ydwh rhwrh> w>[h.vhmvdrzs.)wz.m.vdri 6I w>*h>w>usdrqj;vjr'h;'.to;tzxrk> 6.2. ph.nd.ydwh tpxvxtywd> xd.b;t-ux;'d;uxud. y[h.ul.[h.z;vxytd.'d;w>tx.vdrwl>vdmwz.vxyysrw0xtylr 'D; v XySRw0X tgzk tylr b.c;ph.nd.ydw ht w>rrtw>tpx[jxd.rekrwz.vxtrh>w>vxtb.bsd;b.'gvxt-ux;0jb.0jvxysrvxrrw>pkql.cd.wu;xd 'g qlysrt*r t*d>vj. t*h>m.vdri vxteh.(30)twd>ylr< undydmrk.u&x'due.w>qlund b.udb.cjydmrk.ydm rxrwz. vxtujxd.b. ysrwl>b. w>vx twl>b.w>pkql.cd.wu;wz.m.vdri ydmrk.wz.ph;0jvxzjw>xh.m> ydm cggwz.vxtrrur.w>vxtrh> w>olw>pkql.cd.wu;m.'d;w>ub.ph.nd.tdrm.vdri w>ph.nd.ub.ph;b.tdrvxtw>ouj;y0;vxtrh> w>olw>pkql.cd.wu;vxtrr0jvxysrw0x'dwzkngtylrthr wrh>w>vxw>wl>vdmtdrohm.b.i w>yxw>qsxvx w>[h.w>ph.nd.thr ub.rh>w>vxt&sj'd; w>wb.ym'h.ymur.ydmrk.wz. cdzsdvx w>rrur.wz.thrtcd 'f vj.'fvj.t*h>m.b.i vxw>[h.w>ph.nd.m.trjmng w>tusdrtusjub.rh>w>wcgvxtywkmughmtdrvxt okwrrur.tgxd.w>pkql.cd.wu;qlrjmngw*hrt*d>m.vdri rh>ohrh>b.w cd zjw>vd>wylrv>v> vxtujxd. o;oh0jtvd>m. w>thr w>ub.rrvxxd.ysjrxd.tdr cdzsdw>rr*hrxd.'d;w>ulpg,gbsg tw>ouj;y0;thrm.vdri b.q. w>thrrh>wndwbsgb.wcd w>uolusj vx trh> < cdzsd zd;ojp; w>zd.uxru,m'ftrh>w>}wdtdrvxtokw [Jbl;qlydmrk.ttd.'D; td.pdrpkr'd;ydmrk.rhwrh>tokw[jqlydmrk.t[h.tcdylrw*hrm.vdri w>ph.nd.ydwhtpx vxt[jxd.thr ub.rh>w>wcgvxtrrpxrydmrk. vxurrbsguhrw>vxtwl>b.cd.b.0jwz.vxed>cdrh>*hr< ed>o; rh>*hr t'd = ysrrrur.w> tvd>td.vxub.tx.vdrtdvdruhrto;vxtrr ur.w>'d; Chun;uhR w>vx ysrb.rl b.'gwz.trjmng<rhwrh>t0jub.[;'d;vjrtd.vjrqd;uhr0jvxw>vd> t*rwwdr M.vDRI vxydmrk.ydmrxr 'D; ysrw0x 'Dwzkng uwl>b.0jvx ylrylrzsj;zsj; t*d> w>thr wrh> w>vx w>ysjr vx 'd;m>b. w>ph.nd.ydwh tpx{drm.b.irhrh>wcdvxu'd;m.b.w>ph.nd.ydwhtpxvxtb.bsd;b.'gvxtusdrtusjb.b.m.vdriw> ph.nd.ydwhvx tusdrtusjb. 'D; b.bsd;b.'g ub.rh>w>wcgvx w>[h.tdrxdbd< 'D; ysrud;*r'j; ug>tdr oh< w,m 'D;e>yX> 0Jv X w>ph.nd.ydwhtpxvxt[jxd.0j thr w>rrtdrwkrxd.xd.b;vx usj'fvj.t*h>m.vdri ph.nd.ydwh tpx vxt[jxd.b.bsd;b.'gvxw>rrur.udg>rh.wcg*hrwcg*hrt*d>ub.rh>w>vxttd.'d;w>[h.yvd>'d;w>u wdrtdrvx t*h>tusdr 'D; w>[h.w>ph.nd.vx ysrrrur.w>t*d>m.vdriw>tpxvx t[jxd.t0jthr ub.rh>w>vx b.*d>vxtwtd.'d;w>ug>rjmb.m.vdritcdyndw>tpxvxt[jxd.thrub.rh>w>vxw>qxwjmtdrch;cd. 'D;<w>ur.'d.*hRqH;*hRw>ub.[h.w>pH.nD.'ftrRur.0Jtod;vXt-uX;uXuD.'D;tDRvXtwtd.'D;w>uG> rjm edwrhr b.m.vdri w>ph.nd.wz. ub.rh>w>vx ttd.'d; tywd> 'D; wb.rh>w>wcgvx ttd.'d;w>ug>wvdr rhwrh>ed>w*rtw>ug>rjmm.b.iw>oh.wz.m.ub.rh>w>vxttd.'d;t*h>tusdrvdrwh>vdrqj;'d;rh>w>ed>ed> M.vDRIpH.nD.yDwhtpXvXt[JxD.tHRub.rh>w>wcgvXttd.'D;w>ydmxGJxD.vXt&SJwz.w>vXw>rh>wrR vxxd.ysjrxd.tdrb.'d;w>uwd.zsgxd.u'guhrtdrt*d>m.vdrit'd=w>tx.vdrwl>vdmtd.0j'.vxw>ub. [h.0jw>ydmxgjb.q. w>rh>wrr'fw>qxwjmtd.tod;b.'d; w>ydmxgjurh>w>'fvj.t*h>m.vdri vxm.trjmng ph.nd.ydwhtpxvxty.ckm'd;w>ph.nd.'d; w>bsdrr*hrxd.w>&j.w>usjrthr w>ub.[h;m>w>rred.rrcgtvx tysjr'd; w>ub.[h.ul.[h.z;[h;pkej.usjuhrbl;bl;wh>wh> 'fod;w>urrvdrwh>uhr0jvx w>thrw>rrvxxd.ysjr xd.tdr*hr*hrt*d>m.vdri 6.3 w>vx b.w>wd.zsgxd.tdrqlph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusj vx w>ymzsgwbh.thrtylr w>rl;w>&> (289)rl; tusg w>rl;w>&> (242) rl; vx trh> (84%) b.w>wd.zsgxd.tdrvx ph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjm.vdriw>rl;w>&>vxtrh>ed>cdw>pkql.cd.wu;rh>*hr<ed>o;w>pkql.cd.wu;rh>*hr<chrhr vxm rh>w>wz.vxted.*h>tg0j'd.r;vxw>wd.xd.zsgxd.tdr(85-87%)'d;ogh.xh;'d;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;vx 36

38 t*krt*rwz. b.w>wd.xd.tdr ql ph.nd.ydwh tusdrtusj xjpsr cg v XteD.*H>eD.'G;td.0J (67%)M.vDRI w>rl; w> &>wz.tgwuh>w>wd.zsgxd.tdrql'ju0drph.nd.ydwh'd;ted.*h>ed.'g;td.0j(87%)m.vdriw>rl;w>&>psrudmcg vx b.w>wd.xd.tdrql ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh td.ph>ud;0j 'D; ted.*h>ed.'g;td.0j (13%)M.vDRI w>rl;w>&>tu vkm 6.4. w>rl;w>&>v Xb.w>[H;xD.zD.xD.tDRvX 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh vx'ju0dreghbh.vxmtylr w>rl;w>&>vxb.w>wd.xd.tdrqlph.nd.ydwhttd.cjvxm(242)cg< vxtrh>w>rl;w> &> (87%) w >rl;w>&>vx b.w>wd.xd.tdr tusg vxtrh>(211)cgthr b.w>[h;xd.zd.xd.'d;bsg&sj tdr xj'.vx 'J u0dr ph.nd.ydwh M.vDRIyxH.b.vX = u0dr'hywd> [H;xD.zD.xD.w>rl;w>&> 40%. vxu0dr'd.ywd> [H;xD.zD.xD.w>rl;w>&> 60%. w>rl;w>&>(44%)vx'ju0dreghbh.vxmtylrw>ph.nd.tpx[jxd.0j'.vxysrrrur.w>'d;m>b.w> ph.nd. qxwjmvx ub.td.0jvx w>'k;cmtylr w>rl;w>&> (36%)vX'Ju0DRud;bh.'J;tylR w>ph.nd.tpxxd.0j'.vxysrrrur.w>b.[h.w>tx. vdrtdvdrqj;vdrtrhrvxw>tx.vdrtdvdrtvhmylr< 'D;b.tX.vDR0JvX twrrur.u'd;0jvxrb.m. vdri w>rl;w>&>vxttd.wh>(20%)wcd vxw>ckxh.m>tylr ysrrrur.w>ph.zsd;ughm<'d;w>w[h;m>*h>0d b. < 'D; b.[h.phtd;vd;< rhwrh> w>[h.tdr vhmvdrzs.m.vdri zjyxxzsd.w>rl;w>&>oh.wz.thrted.*h>ed.'g;tqxuwd><w>rl;w>&>vxtvjrto;tzxrk>wtd.0j w>rl;w>&>tu vkmwz. Table 6.3: w>rl;w>&>cjvxmvx b.w>wd.xd.tdrqlph.nd.ydwh tusdrtusj w>rl;w>&>cj vxmvxw> wd. xd.tdr vhmwdrch 6.4: w>rl;w>&>wz.cjvxm'd; 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh 'Ju0DRpH.nD. w>vxtpx[jxd.wz. ydwhtywd> w>rl; xju0dr w>&> 'hy wd> cj vxm 'Ju0DR ph.nd. ydwh ted.*h> cj vxm 'Ju0DRpH. nd. ydwh u0dr'h < u 0DR 'd.< 'Ju 0DR ufd.wj.ph. nd. ydwh u= w>'k; CmvX 'Ju 0DR ylr w>rl;w>&> cj vxmvx w> xh.m>tdrwz. ted. *H> c= pjw> tx. vdrtd vdr *= ysr rr ur. w> ph. zsd; w>rl;w>&>trs;u,r vx w>wd.xd.tdr wz. 1 Sexual Violence % 2 Physical Violence % 3 Other SGBV % Totals Percentages 87% 13% 84% C= w>w [H; *h> 0Db. 1 ogh.xh;w>pkql cd.wu; 2 ed>cdw>pkql.cd wu; 3 ogh.xh;w>pkql cd.wu;t*rwz. cjvxm trs;u,rcjvxm 100% 40% 60% 44% 36% 6% 6% 8% 100 % 37 i= t*km t*r cj vxm

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46 7. ogh.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu; vxw>rl;w>&>(289)cgtusg vxw>ckxh.m>w>tpxthrtzdcd.<ogh.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.w u;w>rl;w>&>td.0ja (60)cgM.vDRIw>rl;w>&> wz.b.w>edrz;vdrtdr(3)uvkmm.vdri w>rrw&dwyg(w>rhckmql.) (72%)vX w>rl;w>&>tcg (60)tusg w>usj;px;rrw&dwyg(w>usj;px;rhckmql.)(20%) ogh.xh;w>rry,gj(8%) 7.1. w>*h>w>usdrtvxtysjrw>ugj;zk.a vxogh.xh;rk.cggw>rl;w>&>wz.tylr(92%) rh>w>rrw&dwyg'd;w>usj;px;rrw&dwygw>rl;w>&>wz.m.vdri rj> v;<rj>&>rd><rj>v;tl<'ju0drwz.rh>'ju0drwz.vx w>rl;w>&>tguwx>vx'ju0dreghzsx.tusgm.vdria(w>rl;w> &>(16)cg,(13)cg,(11)cgydmxGJxD.to;uG >ug >vdri) w>usj;px;rrw&dwygw>rl;w>&>ted.*h>tgu wx>vx bg'd.,g'ju0drtylrm.vdritlyf.'ju0dr'd;ed.zd'ju0drchbh.vxmw>rl;w>&>0jthrted.*h>psruwx>m.vdri 'Ju0DR vhmwdrch7.1: ogh.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;w>rl;w>&>wz. ogh.xh;rk.cgg w>pkql.cd.wu; w>rl;w>&>aed.*h> cjvxm w>rl;w>&>tuvkmwz. w>rrw&dwyg w>usj;px;rrw&dwyg ogh.xh;w>rry,gj cjvxm 1 rj>v;tl rj>&rrd> rj>v; tlyf ed.zd bg'd.,g xgr[h cjvxm rs;u,r 100% 72% 20% 8% 100% 7.2. w>ymzsgxd.ph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusj w>rl;w>&>tcg(60)tusgw>rl;w>&>(52)cgvxtrh>87%thrysrwl>b.w>ckxx0jvxwd.zsg0jqlph.nd.yd whtusdrtusjm.vdri'd;w>rl;w>&>(8)cgvxtrh>(13%)m.w>wwd.xd.tdrvxph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjb.ivx w>rl;w>&>(52)cgtusgw>rl;w>&>tgm>'h;w0m(52%)b.w>bsg&sjtdrvx'ju0drph.nd.ydwh'd;psrm>'h;w0ma (48%)b.w>bSg&SJtDRvXuFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhM.vDRIvX'Ju0DR,J>bh.tylRoGH.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;w>rl; w> &>wz.b.w>bsg&sjtdrvx'ju0drph.nd.ydwh'd;ufd.wj.ph.nd.yd wh<oh chcg vxm M. vdri b.q.o em uhvx 'J u 0DRt*RcHbh.(xgr[h.'D;bg'dR,g'Ju0DR)tylRw>rl;w>&>wz.cJvXmb.w>bSg&SJtDRxJ'.vX'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh 'D; ohg.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;w>rl;w>&>wz.w>wbsg&sjtdrvxufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh edwcgb.m.vdriaa rj>v;tl'd;rj>&rrd>'ju0drchbh.thr w>wd.xd.w>rl;w>&>qlufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh ted.*h>ed.'g;tguwxx>vx'ju0dr t*rwz.tusgm.vdri rhrh>vxrj>v;'ju0drm. ogh.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;w>rl;w>&>(16)cgtusg(38%)<a (6) cgb.w>wd.xd.tdrql ufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhm.vdria 45

47 'Ju0DR vhmwdrch7.2: ogh.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;aw>rl;w>&>wz. 'D;pH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJA ogh.xh;rk.cgg w>pkql.cd.w u;ted.*h>cjvxm vxw>xh. M>tDRA 'Ju0DR ph. nd. ydwha AuFD.wJ. ph.nd.ydwh w>rl;w>&> vxw>wd.zsg xd. tdrted. *H>cJvXm w>rl;w>&> vxw>wwd. zsgxd.tdrted.*h>cjvxm 1 rj>v;tl rj>&rrd> rj>v; tlzf ed.zd bg'd.,g xgr[h cjvxm trs;u,rµ 52% 48% 87% 13% 7.3 w>rl;w>&>vxw>bsg&sjtdrvx'ju0drph.nd.ydwh ohg.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;w>rl;w>&>(60)cgtusg(27)cgb.w>bsg&sjtdrvx'ju0drph.nd.ydwhm.vdriyxh. b.vx= w>rl;w>&>(70%)b.w>qsxcdtdrqlu0dr'hywd>0hr'd;b.w>bsg&sjtdrvx'ju0drrhwrh>u0dr'd.tywd> M.vDRIA w>rl;w>&>b.w>bsg&sjtdrxj'.vxu0dr'hywd>'d;w>wqsxcdtdrql'ju0drywd>b.m.vdri w>rl;w>&>(63%)vxw>rl;w>&>cjvxmtzdcd. w>rl;w>&>tcgw>w[h;m>*h>0d'd; w>[h;m>*h>0dwqh; w uh>vx ysrrrur.w>t*d>m.vdria w>rl;w>&>tusgw>rl;w>&>tcg<ysrrrur.w>b.w>ph.nd.tdrvxw>xxekmtdrql'ju0drw>uxr CmtylRAvXttd.'D;w>ymyeD.M>tDRw>qXuwD>'D; w>ph.nd.'fthrtod; tgwuh> ujxd.to;vx xgr[h.'ju0drtylrm.vdrivxw>rl;w>&>tcg(10)tusg(7)cgm. b.w>ph.nd.tdrvx b.td.vx'j u 0DR w>uxrcmtylrm.vdria ohg.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;w>rl;w>&>(10)cgvxt'd;m>w>ph.nd.vxb.td.vx'ju0drw>uxr Cm t ylrthr tgwuh>b.td.vxw>uxrcmtylrvxwvgwkroxvgtwd>ylrm.vdri ohg.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;ph.nd.ydwhtpxvx'ju0drwz.tylrw'fod;vdmto;b.ixgr[h.'ju0drxxekmysr rrur.w>vxw>'k;cmtylr vxttd.'d;w>ymyed.w>qxuwd>m.vdri bg'd.,g'ju0dr[h;xd.*h>0dedwrhr vxw> rl;w>&>vgh>cgtzdcd.vxw>rl;w>&>ckcgtusgm.vdri 'D;w>rl;w>&>t*RcHcgM. Ch0JySRrRur.w>vXutX.vDR t w>ur.'d;qj;vdrtrhrvx<vxchwrrur.0jvxrb.m.vdrivxrj>v;'ju0drylr ph.nd.ydwhtpx rh>w>vxt*h>p>bg p> vxw>rl;w>&>cjvxmtzdcd.'d; w[h.w>ph.nd.vxw>'k;cmysrrrur.w>vxw>'k;cmtylrb.(8)cg M.vDRI yug>u'guhrw>rl;w>&>tpxvxt[jxd.wz.thr0;0;'d; yxh.b.vxogh.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd. wu; w>rl; w>&> vx b.w>bsg&sjtdrvx'ju0drylrwz.rh>w>oh.wz. vxtwb.bsd;b.'g'd;-ux;uxud.vxudg>rh.t*d>b.m. vdriaa 46

48 vhmwdrcha 7.3: ogh.xh;rk.cggw>pkql.cd.wu;w>rl;w>&>'d;'ju0drph.nd.ydwha ogh.xh; rk.cggw>pk ql.cd.w u;ed.*h>cj vxmvx w xh.m> tdra 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwhtywD>pH.nD.yDwhtpXwz.A 'Ju0DR ph.nd. ydwh ted. *H> cjvxm xj'. vxu 0DR'h y wd> = u0dr'h = u0dr 'd. ='Ju0DR u]xx EkmvX w>'k; Cm ylr c ]qj; vdrrhra td.'d; w>tx. vdr * ]ysr rru r. w> ph.zsd; C]w> w[h; *h>0d i] t *kmt*r 1 rj>v;tl rj>&rrd> rJ>v; tlyf ed.zd bg'd.,g xgr[h cjvxm * 27 rs;u,rµ 100% 30% 70% 37% 17 cases cj vxm 63% 100% u]aw>xxekmtdrvx'ju0drw>uxrcmtylr'd;zjysrurrur.w>[;xd.vxw>'k;cmylr0hr'd;td.uhr0j'ju0drylrm. vdri c]aysrrrur.w>qj;vdrtrhrtd.'d;w>tx.vdrtdvdrvxwrrvxrw>pkql.cd.wu;vxrb.'d;w>[h.tdrvxw> [h.ql.xd.o;*h>bgtvhmwdrchm.vdriw>thrrh>0j'ju0drw>rrw>tx.vdrtdvdr'd;b.c;'d;w>tx.vdrtdvdr thr w>uwj&sjtgxd.uhrtdrvxw>ymzsgtylrm.vdri w>thrwrh>(cso)b.i 7.4. w>rl;w>&>vxb.w>[h;xd.zd.xd.tdrvxufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwh w>rl;w>&>cjvxm(60)cgtusg(25)cgb.w>bsg&sjtdrvxufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhm.vdria yxh.m>b.vx= w>rl;w>&>(60%)rs;u,rtusg(15)cgtpxxd.0j'.vx w>xxekmvdrysrrrur.w>qlufd.wj.cdmt ylr< 'D;w>rl;w>&>teD.*H>w0mvXtb.w>xXEkmySRrRur.w>qlCdmylR(8)cgM.[JxD.0J'.vX rj>v; tl 'Ju 0DRM. vdri w>rl;w>&>wcgvxw>[h.w>ph.nd. vxw>xxekmvdrysrrrur.w>qlcdmylrthrm. ysrrrur.w>vx t eh.wysjr wqhcd;eh.wz.t*d> b.td.vxcd.ylr(2)vgtwd>ylr vxw>urr*hrxd.uhrvk>v>o uj; y0; t*d>'d; rhrh>ysrvxto;eh.ysjr'd.wkmcd.ysjrwz. vxtrrur.udg>rh.ttcgwz.t*d>wcd b.td.vx CdmylR(26)eH.M.vDRI tg '.w>wuh> w>ur.vdrcdmylrm. weh.wkrvgh>eh.t tguwx>m.vdria w>rl;w>&>vxttd.wh>'h;(10)cgwz. w>rl;w>&>tpx(3)cg tpxxd.rh>w>vxt*h>p>a w>rl;w>&>(3)cgtpxxd.0j'.vxysrrrur.w>b.w>qdurd.tdrvxtch>zsd;wcsk;vxtw> rl; w>&> 0HR wjm'h; t cgm.vdri w>rl;w>&>(4)cgm.zjvdrckxh.oh.ngw>tqxuwd>tpxw>wqxwjmtdr'h;b.m.vdri vxrj>v;'ju0drylr w>rl;w>&>(16)cgtusg (6)cg b.w>qsxxd.tdrvxufd.wj.ph.nd.ydwhm.vdri w> rl;w>&>oxcgtylr ysrrrur.w>ox*rvxw>rl;w>&>oxcgtylr vdrb.vxcdmylr'd;w>rl;w>&>t*rox cgm. t*h>p>0jm. vdria 47

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87 vhmbs;pj = (2): undb.udb.cjurh;whm w>od.w>od (39)xH. undb.udb.cjurh;whmw>od.w>od(39)xh.(b.w>ug>u'guhrw>od.w>odwbh.thrvx(2011)eh.w> od. w>odwz.thr vxysrb.udb.cjwz.t*d> (ysrvxtckxh.m>w>td.u'kwpd>wvd> wz.t*d>) vx 'J u0dr (7) bh.vxm wz.tylrm.vdri ed. w>*h>w>usdr *H> 1 [H.ud;zsX.'J;ub.uGJ;zsgu0DR'heD.*H><[H.eD.*H><(UN)eD. *H><eD.*H>'D;[H.zdCDzd rk.cgged.*h> vx[h.rjmngm.vdri (w> bsx) 2 ysrwrshrwysdrwz.rh>[jrhwh>m.<[h.up>ub.vjrymzsgxd. qlu0dr'hbh.bxcd.ttd.m.vdri(w>bsx) 3 ysrub.ekmvdr[;xd.'.xjusjvxysr[h.tcgj;wz.m.vdri (w>bsx) 4 ysrvx[;xd.[;vdrwz.w>*h>udrh>td.xd.wrhr'd;'ju0dr b.rlb.'gw[h;rl'gvxt*d>b.i(w>bsx) 5 ysr'ju0drzdwz.ub.rrpxrw>vx'ju0dr'ft-ux;0jb.0j tod;zj'ju0drb.rlb.'g'd;ufd.wj.b.rlb.'gvd.b.w> rrpxrtcgm.vdri(w>bsx) 6 w>wb.ul.vjrrrurw>zdw>vhrvxw>[h.edrvdrtdrwz. M.b.I(w>bsX) 7 w>td.zsd.wbsdv>v>[h.zdcdzdcx.p;vxt[jxd.w>td. zsd. ub.rh>ysr'd.wkmcd.ysjr vxte> yx>w>m.vdri(w>bsx) 8 [gcd9e.&h.wkr*drcd 5e.&H.M.ySRvXtrlt'gwtd.wz.< w b.[;xd.[;vdrvx'ju 0DRtylRb.I(w>bsX) 9 w>vdrwdd>vdrqdrh>td.wrhrrhrub.'k;oh.nge>[l'ju0drysr b.rlb.'gm.vdri(w>bsx) 10 w>wb.bk.usd><ye><od<rjmwj;vj;vx'ju0drtylrb.i (w> bsx) 11 qd<xd.'h.<xd;'d;xgh.wz.bk.tdrvxtvd>b.usjb.w uh>iwb.'k;td.xd.w>udw>cj<w>[;*lm[;*drvxcd.cxr t*d>b.i(w>bsx) 1. [h.w>oh.ng 2. [h.yvd> 3. [h.phtd.vd; (100)b; w>[h;*h>0d 1. [h.w>oh.ng 2.wrSHRb.[h. td.vd;(50)b;'d;[h.up>b.[h. td.vd;(100)b;m.vdri 1. [h.w>oh.ng 2. [h.yvd> 1. [h.w>oh.nge>yx> 2. [h.yvd> 1. [h.w>oh.ng 2. [h.yvd> 3. [h.phtd.vd; (100)b; 1. [h.w>oh.ng 2. [h.yvd> 3. [h.phtd.vd; (u) rhrh>1000=5000 b; =b.[h.phtd.vd; 3000b;<w>'k;Cm 15 od (c ) rhrh>5000b;qltzdcd. =b.[h.phtd.vd; 5000b; <w>'k;cm 25oD 1.[h.w>oh.ng 2.[h.yvD> 24.w>'k;Cm 24 e.&h. [h.w>oh.ng 1.[h.w>oh.ng 2.[h.yvD> 3.[h.phtD.vD; (u) od<rjmwjmvj;<200b; (c) usd><ye><500b; 1.[h.w>oh.ng 2.[h.yvD> 3..[h.phtD.vD; (u) xgh.rh>th.b.ysrw*r*r ub.[h.uoh.yshr 86

88 12 ysrud;*r'j;ub.'due.rrxgjxh'd;w>uqsjuqsdw>bsxm. vdri (w>bsx) 13 w>ub.vlrydmxgjw>bsxej.vdrvxtb.xjg'd;w>ul.b. ul.ohud;rr'j;vdri(w>bsx) 14 w>wb.wjtxwjqgvdmo;vxuvkm*h>0d'd;w>bl.w>bg M.b.I(w>bsX) 15 'Ju0DRzdw*Rv>v>vXt[;xD.ql'Ju0DRtcsXM.ub.'k; oh.ng'ju0drb.rlb.'gvdri(w>bsx) 16 w>bsx<w>}wd<w>yvd>vxtb.c;'d;rh.tltd.w>wz.w> ub.vlrydmrrxgjtdr'fw>ej.vdrtod;m.vdri(w>bsx) 17 w>*drrlvxtrr[;*drysrvk>v>ouj;y0;wz.vhrwuhrw>'k; ej. w>qgtdrwohb.i(w>bsx) 18 w>ub.vlrydmxgjw>bsx<w>ej.vdrvxtb.xgj'd;w>td. ql.td.cvud;rhr'j;m.vdri 19 zdo.vxteh.td.(7)eh.wkr(18)eh.wz.rh>rrur.w>'d; w>wb.[h;tdr*h>0dvxtw'fod;'d;w>[h;m>ysr'd.wkmcd.ysjr *h>0dtod;m.b.i (w>bsx) 20 rd>y>ud;*r'j;ub.[h;m>rl'gvxzdwz.tw>'d.xd.xdxd.< vk>v>ouj;y0;u*hrt*d> ub.[h;m>rl'gwkrvdrwdrvdrm. vdri 21 w>wb.rrxh&l>ud>oj;tw>[l;w>*jrvx'ju0drtylredwrhr b.i 22 usdmph'd;w>zdw>vhrvxtyshruxyshruvhrwz.w>rh>chvd>ch'gj tdrtvd>rh>td.ub.'k;oh.ngysrb.rlb.'g<ub.td.'d; vhmch;cm<m.vdri 23 w>wb.rrur.ysr*h>0dtxloelb.i(udg>xh) = tj.bxrgtj.bx0r = w>td.ckmvxwcsk;zsdo; = w>cked>up>tbsk;vxed>cdogh.xh; 24 w>zdw>vhrvxwtd.'d;w>tk.udrwz.m.<w>wb.yshrw> wb.qgtdrb.i(ugd>xh) 1.[h.w>oh.ng 2.[h.yvD> 3.wu [H;*h>0D'fxH'D;w>uqSJuqSDw>bsXtd.0Jtod; 1.[h.w>oh.ng 2.[h.yvD> 3.u[H;*h>0D'fw>ul.b.ul.ohw>bsXtd.0Jtod; M.vDRI 1.[h.w>oh.ng 2.[h.yvD> 3.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g 1..[h.w>oh.ng 2. [h.yvd> 3. [H;*h>0D (ursx>w>rroxod) 1. [h.yvd> 2. qsxqlufd.wj.b.rlb.'g 1.[h.yvD> 2.phtD.vd; 1000b;'D;w>'k;Cmwvg 1.[h.yvD> 2.[H;*h>0D'fql.cVw>bsXtd.tod; 1.[h.w>oh.ng 2.[h.yvD> 3.[H;*h>0D'ft-uX;0Jb.0Jtod; 1.[h.w>oh.ng 2.[h.yvD> 3.w>u[H;*h>0D(ub.[Jymzsg o;ql'ju0dr b.rlb. 'g weghwbsdvxoxvgtwd>ylr) qsxqlufd.wj.b.rlb.'g 1Iw>*h>[JxD.vXwtd.'D;vHmCH;Cm(ub. [h.phtd.vd; 500b;) =5000b;qltzDvm(u0DR'hrRyX) =5000b; =30000b; (u0dr'd.rryx) =30000b; ql zdcd. (ph.nd.ugd>ub.rr) 2I phvdrvxzdcd.w>u[h;m>rs;u,r =100 b;wkr 5000b; 5µ =5000 wkr 10000b; 4µ =50000b;qltzDcd. 2µ 1.[h.yvD> 2. w>uusjrclusjrzd; 3. [H;*h>0D'fw>u&Xu&db.xGJ[h.w>ur.tod; 1. [h.yvd><od.uhroduhr<qsxqlufd.wj.b.rlb.'g 87

89 25 rhwrh>vxw>[h.tcgj;b.m.w>wb.usdoh.usd0.vx'ju 0DRtylRrh>*hR<'Ju0DRtcsXrh>*hRM.b.I (ugd>rh.) 1.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g 26 w>wb.pl;ug<yshr<qg<[h;ymc;uoh.rlrbsd;b.i (ugd>rh.) 1. qsxqlufd.wj.b.rlb.'g 27 w>wb.wrusd.wrphvx'ju0drylrb.i (ugd>rh.) 1.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g 28 w>wb.[k.w>bs.w><vdw>0hrw>b.i(ugd>rh.) [h.yvd>td.'d;w>tx.vdr<w>tk.udro; w>'k;cm (u)weghwkrckvg'd;phtd.vd;'d; omro;vx w>zdw> vhr zdcd. 29 w>wb.rrohrr0dw>b.i(udg>rh.) qsxqlufd.wj.b.rlb.'g 30 w>wb.[;ckm>ysrundvxuvjrrrw>vxw>csxrh>*hr<&dzsd. 1.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g ym zsd.tdrvx ed>up>t[h.rh>*hrm.b.i (ugd>rh.) 31 rk.cggw>rrw&dwyg'd;w>pkql.cd.wu;m.w>wb.rrtdr 1.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g b.i(ugd>rh.) 32 w>wb.pl;ugzdo.vxed>up>tbsk;vxtwzd;ojp;vxu 1.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g rr[;*drzdo.ouj;y0; M.b.I(uGD>rh.) 33 w>wb.rrb.'dqgysr*rted>cded>o;m.b.i (udg>rh.) 1.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g 34 w>wb.rrb.'d'ju0drtw>bh.w>bx'd;w>td.*x>qd;usxr b.i(udg>rh.) 1.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g 35 w>wb.rrb.'ded>w*rtw>obvb.i(ugd>xhqludg> rh.) 1.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g 36 w>wb.'doh;qgoh;b.i(udg>xhqludg>rh.) 1.qSXqluFD.wJ.b.rlb.'g 37 w>vd>w>usjw>ol.xd.bsdxd.'d;w>yd;w>vdvxtb.xgj'd; 1.[h.yvD> ysrtg*rm.w>wb.pl;gtdr'fysrw*rtw>m.b.i(udg>xhql 2.w>'k;Cmwvg ugd>rh.) 3.phtD.vd; 1000b; 38 w>wb.[h;m>'d;rr[;*lm[;*drw>zdw>vhrvx tb.xgj'd; ysr tg*rm.b.i(ugd>xhql udg>rh.) 39 w>wb.rrwxxd.wxvdrw>vx'ju0drylrb.i (udg>xhqludg> rh.) 1.[h.yvD> 2.w>'k;Cmwvg 3.phtD.vd; 1000b; 1.[h.yvD> 2.w>'k;Cmwvg 3.phtD.vd; 1000b; 88

90 vhmbs;pj = (3): w>*h>w>usdrw>tcd.xh;cd.bd 1.(MDRG)?w>usJRClusJRzd;'D;w>bSg&SJuhRw>obH.bk.t vhmej.usj /vhmy}wdm0hr0j zj( 2013) 2.?w>rRur.uDG>rh.wz.vXw>usJRClusJRzd;wM>/unDb.uDb.cJurH;wHmw>od.w>oD<tD;uxdbX. (2009) 3.unDb.uDb.cJurH;wHm w>od.w>od (39)xH. b.w>ug>u'guhrtdrzj (2011) eh. 4.?w>ur.rk>qh.rk>*DRwz./vHmy}wDm thrb.w>rrtdrzj (2009)'D;(2011)eH. 5.?w>tusdRtusJvXw>[h.w>pH;qXwbsDCD/vXoGH.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;w>rl;w>&>wz.vXuD>uFD. wj.'d; ud>y,drtqxt*dd> (ARM) 6.w>rR*hRxD.w>usJRClusJRzd; 'D; zd;ojp; tusdrtusjwz. (DMLS) vhmy}wdm (2009) 7.?pH.nD.yDwhvX 'Ju0DRwz.tylR tw>yxqsx&j.usjr vx ud>ufd.wj.'d; ud>y,drtqx /w>ymzsgvx b.w> ugj; tdr vx ( Kirsten McConnachie).(2012). 8.?w>yXw>qSXySRvXtb.td.,HR'D;txHtuD>wz./rh>w>wRvdmto;to;'D;w>td.w>qd;tvD><oJp;'D; ph.nd.ydwhtusdrtusjvxufd.wj.'d;ud>y,drtqx/w>ymzsgwbh.thrb.w>ugj;tdrvx= (Kirsten McConnachie).(2011). 9.?ydmrk.wz. tw>'d;m>b.w>cgj;w>,mvx ph.nd.ydwh tusdrtusj = ymzsgxd.w>vx ttd.zsg-wxruvmwz. 'D; tvd>td.vx w>qdwvjub.td.xd. = ud>ufd.wj. / xh*krud>*rph.nd.udg>u&xcx.p; (2012) 10.?w>zH;w>rRvXw>rRtDRwzSH.w0m vxtwtd.'d;w>uwjmuwdr 'D; w>wb.bsd;b.'g = ud>ufd.wj.tw> [h.w>u[ku,m &hvdmrkmvdmqlb.udb.cjwz.'d; ysrckxh.m>w>td.u'ktvd>wpd>wvd>wz.i/ysrvxt [H; M>rl'gvX ysr[d.cd.zdcgj;,mwz. w>ymzsg (2012) 11.?ySRw0Xtw>ChxD.ql(UNHCR)tw>zH;w>rR<w>rRzsgxD.w>trd>vHRrd>yS>/(UNHCR)tw>eJ.usJ (2008)I 12.(UN)bDrk>pXzSd.u&XbH.bXuD.u;w>td.zSd.w>tX.vDRwl>vdm(2122)vXtb.C;'D;ydmrk.w>rkmw>ck.'D; w>bh.w>bx(2013) 13.(UN)bDrk>pXzSd.u&X bh.bxud.u;w>td.zsd.z;'d.w>qxwjm (1325)=vXtb.C;'D;ydmrk.w>rkmw>ck.'D; w>bh.w>bx (2000) 14.w>td.zSd.z;'d.w>qXwJmvXtb.C;'D;w>rRvDRr>uGHmw>tuh>t*DRwrHRv>v> vx w>ug>wvdr xd'gydmrk. (CEDAW) 15.?bDrk>pXzSd.u&X*H>cD.xH;w>od.w>oDrd>yS>wz.vXb.w>oltDRvXw>rR*hRxD.uhRpH.nD.yDwh0JRusdRwz. vx tb.c;'d; udg>rh./( 2002) 16.(Geneva Call)?w>tX.vDRwl>vdmb.C;w>ywkmoGH.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;vX w>'k;w>,r w>o bh. bk. tw>td.o;qlw>rrvdrr>ughmrk.cggw>ug>wvdr/ 17.(b.w>qJ;vDRpkrk>usX>vXunD'DuvkmpXzSd.u&X'D;(KNU'D;KNLA)unD'Duvkmw>xl.zsJ.ok;rk>'d.zJ vg,lr vh21od2013 ) 18.zDvpH.b.C;oGH.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;tuDG>rh.vXt[JvXxH*kRuD>*Rw>rRur.uGD>rh.tuDG>bsD. (ICC) 19.vHmw>*h>w>usdRb.C;(2014)[D.cd.'Dbh.w>wD.zsgxD.b.C;oGH.xH;w>pkql.cD.wu;vXw>obH. bk. t ylri 20. w>ymzsgtgbh.vx b.w>ugj;tdrvx?ydmrk.ydmrxrwz.vxt[h;m>rl'gvx rk.cggw>wdw>-w>/ 89

91 vhmbs;p J= (4): w>uwdrtzk.vxb.w>oltdrvxw>ymzsgwbh.thrtylrwz. ARC AUSAID ARM/SOP CBO CCSDPT CJ CMWG CSO DARE DFID DMLS INGO IRC KnRC KNU KRC KWO LAC MAT MDRG NGO PV RTG SGBV SV TBC TJ UNHCR American Refugee Committee Previous name for the Australian Government Aid Department (now called DFAT) Automatic Response Mechanism/ Standard Operating Procedures for SGBV Cases in Karen Community Based Organization Committee for Co-ordination of Services for Displaced People in Thailand Camp Justice Camp Management Working Group Community Service Order Drug and Alcohol Recovery and Education Department for International Development (UK Government) Development of Mediation of Legal Standards International Non-Government Organization International Rescue Committee Karenni Refugee Committee Karen National Union Karen Refugee Committee Karen Women's Organization Legal Assistance Centers (also IRC/LAC) Mediation and Arbitration Teams Mediation and Dispute Resolution Guidelines Non-Government Organization Physical Violence Royal Thai Government Sexual and Gender Based Violence Sexual Violence The Border Consortium (previously TBBC) Thai Justice United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 90

92 undydmfrk.fu&>