ANALYSIS OF YIELDING AND SELECTED BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE FRUIT OF SEVERAL HOT PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) CULTIVARS.

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1 Roczniki Akdemii Rolniczej w Poznniu CCCLX (2004) ANNA GOLCZ, PAWEŁ KUJAWSKI ANALYSIS OF YIELDING AND SELECTED BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE FRUIT OF SEVERAL HOT PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) CULTIVARS From Deprtment of Horticulturl Plnts Nutrition The August Cieszkowski Agriculturl University of Poznń ABSTRACT. Hot pepper cultivrs: Cyklon, Orkn, Wulkn, Chillin nd Devill were cultivted in minerl soil nd rised pet (v:v = 4:1) in pots of 5 dm 3 volume. Yields nd iometric prmeters of fruit were compred. On the sis of the nlyses mesurements, the cultivrs: Chillin nd Devill were found highly usle for cultivtion in Polish conditions. Key words: hot pepper, cultivrs, yielding, iometric prmeters of the fruit Introduction At present, in Polnd, there is n incresing demnd for herceous nd sesoning plnts ecuse of the modern trend towrds helthy nutrition (Wgner et l. 2001). The fruit of hot pepper (syn. hot pprik, nnul pprik) oth in fresh nd dried form re used for sesoning purposes (Rumińsk 1981, Wgner et l. 2001, Kujwski nd Golcz 2003). They lso represent vlule rw mteril for the phrmceuticl industry (Kujwski nd Golcz 2003) supplying components for mny herl preprtions nd homeopthic drugs (Wgner et l. 2001). The im of the present studies ws the evlution of the yielding nd the iometric prmeters of severl hot pepper cultivr fruit. Mteril nd methods Pot experiment ws crried out in n unheted greenhouse on the re of the Experimentl Sttion Mrcelin, the Agriculturl University of Poznń. Five cultivrs of Rocz. AR Pozn. CCCLX, Ogrodn. 38: Wydwnictwo Akdemii Rolniczej im. August Cieszkowskiego w Poznniu, Poznń 2004 PL ISSN

2 32 A. Golcz, P. Kujwski hot pepper were grown: three Polish cultivrs nd two foreign ones whose seeds originted from different seed compnies: Cyklon Seed Cultivtion Plnt W. Legutko, Smolic; Orkn Horticulturl Seed Production Plnt, Gołęiew (PlntiCo); Wulkn The Reserch Institute of Medicinl Plnts, Plewisk ner Poznń; Chillin nd Devill y Bruinsm Seeds. The experiment ws estlished in one-fctor system, rndom design, in six repliction (one plnt represented one repliction). The seedlings of hot pepper were prepred in heted greenhouse. The seeds were sown in the third decde of Mrch. After the development of cotyledones, the seedlings were plnted out into 8 cm dimeter rings filled with pet sustrte. In mid-my, n equlized seedling mteril with 8-10 well formed leves nd properly developed root system were plnted individully into the permnent plce in pots of 5 dm 3 volume. The seedling production period lsted 55 dys. The sustrte consisted of mixture of minerl soil (rle lyer of grey-rown podsolic soil) with rised pet in 4:1 proportion enriched with mcro- nd microcomponents. Prior to vegettion, the following fertiliztion ws pplied (g dm -3 ) of sustrte: 0.32 N in the form of NH 4 NO 3 ; 0.10 P using grnulted triple superphosphte; 0.40 K s 1 / 2 KCl + 1 / 2 K 2 SO 4 ; 0.08 Mg in the form MgSO 4 nd 0.10 of microelements in the form of Polichelte LS-7. In top dressing (the full of fructifiction), single dose of 0.16 g N dm -3 of sustrte in the form of C(NO 3 ) 2 ws pplied. During the vegettion, the hot pepper plnts were not cut. Irrigtion, protection ginst diseses nd pests were crried out ccording to the ccepted principles. In the third decde of August, fruit were hrvested once in the phse of the physiologicl mturity. The yield of totl nd mrketle fresh mtter ws determined (g plnt -1 ). The mrketle yield mens fruit with size nd shpe typicl of the given cultivr without ny visile disese symptoms. The totl numer of fruit nd mrketle fruit from 1 plnt (in pcs.) nd the mss of single fruit (in g) were determined s well. The fruit were mesured iometriclly (20 fruit of every cultivr chosen rndomly from ech repetition): the length nd width (in the upper prt t petiole cm) nd fruit wll thickness (mm). Sttisticl nlyses were crried out using Duncn s test t the significnce level of α = Results nd discussion In our experiments, the cultivrs of hot pepper differed regrding the totl nd the mrketle yields (Fig. 1), wht ws lso found y Skąpski (1955). The significntly highest yield of fresh fruit ws collected in cultivr Chillin, nd the lest yield ws otined in cv. Wulkn. The prticulr cultivrs were chrcterized y high prticiption of mrketle yield in the totl one. The highest yield ws given y cv. Deville (92.8%), cv. Orkn (92.4%), cv. Wulkn (92.1%); slightly lower yield ws recorded in cv. Cyklon (90.7%) nd cv. Chillin (86.3%). The men shre of mrketle yield in the totl one

3 Anlysis of yielding nd selected iometric prmeters Cyklon c* d Orkn c Wulkn d e Chillin Devill g plnt -1 g roślin -1 Totl yield Plon ogólny Mrketle yield Plon hndlowy *Mens followed y the sme letters re insignificntly different. *Średnie oznczone tymi smymi litermi nie różnią się istotnie. Fig. 1. Totl nd mrketle yield of fruit fresh mss of severl hot pepper cultivrs Ryc. 1. Plon ogólny i hndlowy świeżej msy owoców kilku odmin ppryki ostrej of hot pepper cultivrs: Cyklon nd Orkn grown in the field, ws lower thn the result otined in our own studies nd were 79.5% nd 70.4% respectively (Buczkowsk 2001). Tle 1 shows, nd it ws confirmed y other uthors (Węglrz 1994, Buczkowsk et l. 2000) tht tens of fruit were set on one plnt, ut s mny s 25% of fruit were out of selection. The cultivrs of hot pepper were chrcterized y fruit of smll mss (on the verge 20.5 g) which is comprle with results of other studies (Buczkowsk et l. 2000, Buczkowsk 2001). Cultivr Chillin ws distinguished y significntly higher mss of single fruit (25.8 g) nd cv. Wulkn showed the smllest mss (12.5 g). The nlysis of the iometric prmeters of fruit (Tle 1, Fig. 2 nd 3) showed sttisticlly significnt differences in the numer nd in the mss of fruit s well s in the coefficient of shpe. The thickness of fruit wll ws similr in the studied cultivrs.

4 34 A. Golcz, P. Kujwski Biometric prmeters of the fruit of severl hot pepper cultivrs Prmetry iometryczne owoców kilku odmin ppryki ostrej Tle 1 Prmeter Cultivr Odmin Prmetr Cyklon Orkn Wulkn Chillin Devill Numer of fruit totl (pcs plnt -1 ) Licz owoców ogółem (szt. rośl. -1 ) Numer of mrketles fruit (pcs plnt -1 ) Licz owoców hndlowych (szt. rośl. 1 ) Weight of mrketle fruit (g) Ms owocu hndlowego (g) Length of fruit (cm) Długość owocu (cm) Width of fruit (cm) Szerokość owocu (cm) Shpe coefficient (length/width) Współczynnik ksztłtu (długość/szerokość) Thickness of fruit pericrp (mm) Gruość ścinki owocu (mm) * 18 21, , ,5 c 29 25, ,4 9,25 10,50 8,25 14,25 11,00 3,25 2,75 3,00 2,25 2,85 2,85 c 6,23 5,63 2-2,5 8,25 6,93 *Mens followed y the sme letters re insignificntly different. *Średnie oznczone tymi smymi litermi nie różnią się istotnie. Cyklon Orkn Wulkn Chillin Devill Fig. 2. Shpe of fruit of severl hot pepper cultivrs Ryc. 2. Ksztłt owoców kilku odmin ppryki ostrej

5 Anlysis of yielding nd selected iometric prmeters Cyklon Orkn Wulkn Chillin Devill Fig. 3. Longitudinl section of hot pepper fruit Ryc. 3. Przekroje owoców ppryki ostrej Conclusions Foreign cultivrs of hot pepper Chillin nd Devill gve greter totl nd mrketle yield of fruit thn the Polish cultivrs Orkn, Cyklon nd Wulkn. The cultivr Chillin ws distinguished y the gretest mss of single fruit nd y significnt fruit length to fruit width proportions. References Buczkowsk H. (2001): Ocen wpływu krotności zioru n plon hndlowy owoców kilku odmin ppryki ostrej. Zesz. Nuk. AT-R Bydg. 234, Roln. 46: Buczkowsk H., Dyduch J., Njd A. (2000): Wpływ krotności zioru n zwrtość niektórych skłdników chemicznych w owocch ppryki ostrej. Zesz. Nuk. AR Krk. 364, 71: Kujwski P., Golcz A. (2003): Oddziływnie KCl i K 2 SO 4 n plon i jkość owoców ppryki ostrej (Cpsicum nnuum L.). Biul. Nuk. UWM Olszt., 3: Rumińsk A. (1981): Rośliny lecznicze. PWN, Wrszw. Skąpski H. (1955): Wpływ odminy n plon, zwrtość witminy C i kpsicyny w ppryce. Biul. Wrzywn. AT-R: Wgner A., Strudzińsk A., Kweck M. (2001): Grzyy zsiedljące nsion, liście i owoce ppryki ostrej (Cpsicum nnuum L.). Zesz. Nuk. AT-R Bydg. 234, Roln. 46: Węglrz Z. (1994): Bdni nd rozwojem i plonowniem ppryki rocznej (Cpsicum nnuum L.) odminy Bronowick ostr w wrunkch częściowego zniesieni domincji wierzchołkowej roślin. Rozpr. Nuk. Monogr. SGGW 175: 1-47.

6 36 A. Golcz, P. Kujwski ANALIZA PLONOWANIA I WYBRANYCH PARAMETRÓW BIOMETRYCZNYCH OWOCÓW KILKU ODMIAN PIEPRZOWCA ROCZNEGO (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) Streszczenie Odminy ppryki ostrej: Cyklon, Orkn, Wulkn, Chillin i Devill uprwino w gleie minerlnej z torfem wysokim (4:1) w wzonch o ojętości 5 dm 3. Porównywno plon i prmetry iometryczne owoców ppryki. N podstwie nlizownych cech stwierdzono dużą przydtność odmin Chillin i Devill do uprwy w wrunkch Polski.