AN ATTEMPT AT MEASUREMENT OF THE AIR VOLUME IN BEAN PODS

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Jerzy Dobrowolski
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1 TEKA Kom. Mot. Energ. Roln. OL PAN, 2007, 7A, AN ATTEMPT AT MEASUREMENT OF THE AR VOLUME N BEAN PODS Piotr Kuźnir, Stnisłw Sosnowski Deprtment of Prodution Engineering, University of Rzeszów, M. Ćwiklińskiej 2, Rzeszów, ssos@uniw.rzeszow.pl, pkuznir@univ.rzeszow.pl Summry. The study ontins the results of preliminry tests on working out method of fst mesuring of the internl volume of pod filled with the ir. The tests were rried out on en pods grown for dry seeds of ultivrs: Nrew, Nid nd Wrt. There ws the omprison of four methods of mesurement of the volume (pynometri nd three simple pod models). The four pplied methods of volume mesurement signifintly influened the results, oth in the totl volume of the pod nd the ir volume in the pod. The ove mentioned qulities hd higher results for the method nd lower for the method. The volume mesured with the method (pynometer) nd the method differed sttistilly insignifintly. t n e limed tht the proposed in this method simple model of pod enles to mesure the totl volume of pod. Unfortuntely, there is no elimintion of the neessity of pynometer mesurements in order to lulte the ir volume inside the pod. Key words: en pod, volume, mesurement methods. NTRODUCTON While growing leguminous plnts the importnt prolem is, mong others, the suseptiility of the pods to rking nd seeds relese. Suseptiility of en pods to rking follows seeds relese while hrvesting s result of ting hrvesting mhine pprtus, minly utting nd trimming plnts, utter rs or hrvesters [Furtk nd Zliwski 1986, Kuźnir nd Sosnowski 2003, Szot nd Tys 1979]. The pod suseptiility to rking is determined, mong others, y the moisture ontent, pod shpe, fier ontent nd struture in pod wlls nd sems, whih in turn is signifintly ffeted y meteorologil onditions during plnt vegettion period s well s the type nd quntity of the pplied fertilizers [Dorn nd Duzml 1994, Hejnowiz 1985, Kuźnir nd Stroel 2000, Kuźnir nd Sosnowski 2002, 2003, 2006, Moś 1983, Tomszewsk 1954]. n order to define the influene of vrious ftors on the suseptiility to rking of fruits of this plnt, it is neessry to rete method llowing to mesure it preisely. One of the methods of evluting the suseptiility to rking is the pressure method [Kuźnir nd Sosnowski 2000, Szwed et l. 1997, Szwed et l. 2000]. t relies on foring into the pod, with injetive needle,

2 AN ATTEMPT AT MEASUREMENT OF THE AR VOLUME N BEAN PODS 69 ompressed ir nd mesuring the pressure t whih stithes urst. The mesure of suseptiility of the pods to rking is the opening energy [Kuźnir nd Sosnowski 2006, Stroel 2003] the mesurement of whih requires the knowledge of ursting pressure (reltively esy to mesure) nd lso the ir volume whih is inside the pod. Tht seond ftor, due to irregulr shpe of suh fruit is diffiult to mesure. Stroel defines the ir volume of the pod s the differene etween the pproximte volume of pod nd the volume of its seeds. The pproximte volume of pod is mesured s ylinder of the height equl to its length nd the dimeter eing the rithmeti men of width nd thikness of pod in its middle prt. The ext volume of solid of irregulr shpes my e mesured y pynometer [Diehl et l. 1988], however, it is time onsuming nd requires reltively huge workfore s result of the neessity of mesurements onerning the whole pod, then its seeds nd ot. The im of this study is to rete method for simplified mesurement of the ir volume inside en pod. MATERAL AND METHODS The tests were onduted on the en pods grown for dry seeds of ultivrs: Nrew, Nid nd Wrt whih me from n experimentl field of Deprtment of Prodution Engineering of Rzeszow University. The hrteristis of the pods of the tested pod vrieties re presented in Tle 1. Tle 1. Pod hrteristis (verge vlues) of tested en ultivrs Speifition Nrew Nid Wrt Dimension of pods [mm] Length Width Thikness Numer of seeds in pod 100,7 9,2 8,9 4,6 92,0 9,7 8,9 4,4 101,9 9,0 8,7 5,2 The ir volume of pod ws mesured s the differene etween the totl volume of pod nd the volume of the inside seeds nd the volume of its ots. The volume of the seeds nd ots ws mesured with pynometri method. The totl volume of pod ws mesured with four methods:. By mens of pynometer,. Mesured s the volume of ylinder of height equl to its length l nd the setion of ellipses of xis equl to the width nd thikness of pod in its middle prt,. Mesured s the volume of solid onsisting of: Cylinder of 0.5 height equl to its length l nd the setion of ellipses s in the method 2, Two ones of 0.25 l height. Mesured s the volume of solid onsisting of: Cylinder of 0.75 height equl to its length l nd the setion of ellipses s in the method 2, Two ones of l height The mesurements were onduted on 20 pods of eh vriety, with the humidity of pods etween %.

3 70 Piotr Kuźnir, Stnisłw Sosnowski The given results underwent sttistil nlysis. RESULTS On the sis of the nlysis of vrine, it ws limed tht there is signifint influene of the en vriety nd the methods of the pod, seed nd ot volume mesurement on the ir volume inside the pod. Tle 2. The volume of pods, seeds nd ots nd the ir in the tested pods of en ultivrs Volume [m3]: Metod Nrew Nid Wrt -totl of pod Vt of seeds in pod Vs of pod ots V of the ir in pod V1 V1 = Vt Vs of the ir in pod V2 V2 = Vt Vs V * different letters in row signify signifint differenes, s per LSD test (signifine level of α = 0.05) Volume of the ir in pod [m 3 ] 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 V2 V2 V2 V2 Nrew Nid Wrt Cultivr Fig. 1. The differentition of the ir volume (V2) in en pods mesured y vrious methods (-). Different letters signify signifint differenes, s per LSD test (signifine level of α = 0.05)

4 AN ATTEMPT AT MEASUREMENT OF THE AR VOLUME N BEAN PODS 71 The nlysis rried out y mens of LSD test (Tle 2) showed tht onsidering the totl volume of pod V t only in the method, in whih the tested vrieties were sttistilly signifintly different mong themselves, the pods were never signifintly smller. Extly the sme differentition ws visile etween the vrieties for the ir volume in pod V l gined fter the sutrtion of the seed volume V s from the totl pod pity, s result of the lk of signifint differenes in the sizes of the seeds of the tested en vrieties. However, onsidering, s well, the ot volume V while mesuring the ir pity inside pod (V 2 ) used greter differentition etween the tested vrieties. Wrt pods, due to their hrteristis, signifintly differed from the other three methods, hd signifintly lower ir volume thn the Nrew pods for the method. While mesuring with pynometer the ir volume in pod needed for mesuring the pod opening energy, not only the seed volume should e onsidered ut lso the ot volume. On the sis of the given results in Tle 2 nd in Figure 1, it should e limed tht these four methods of mesuring the volume signifintly influened the sope of the given results, oth for the totl pod volume V t nd for the ir volume in pod V 1 nd V 2. The ove-mentioned qulities hd higher results for the method nd lower for the method. The volume mesured with the method (pynometer) nd the method differed sttistilly insignifintly. t n e limed tht, proposed in this method, simple model of pod enles to mesure the totl volume of pod. Unfortuntely, there is no elimintion of the neessity of pynometer mesurements in order to lulte the ir volume inside the pod. CONCLUSONS 1. The size of the ir volume inside the pod relied sttistilly signifintly on vriety nd the method of its mesurement. 2. The method (pynometri) ws the most detiled out of the pplied ones. 3. The volumes: the whole one of the pod nd the one of the ir inside, mesured with the method were signifintly overstted in omprison to the ones mesured with the method while the ones mesured with the method were lowered. 4. The volume mesured with the method did not differ sttistilly signifintly from tht mesured with the method. 5. Unfortuntely, the method does not eliminte the neessity of pynometer mesurements in order to lulte the ir volume inside the pod. REFERENCES Diehl K.C., Grwood V.A., Hugh C.G. 1988: Volume mesurement using the ir-omprison pynometer Trns. ASAE, 1, Dorn H., Duzml K. W. 1994: Wpływ wrunków klimtyznyh n formownie włókn w szwh strąków fsoli zwykłej (Phseolus vulgris L.). Ogóln. Konf. Nk. Strązkowe Rośliny Biłkowe. FASOLA, Lulin , Furtk J., Zliwski A. 1986: Bdni nd ziorem mehniznym nsion fsoli. Rozniki. Nuk Roln, ser. Tehnik Rolniz, 2, Hejnowiz Z. 1985: Antomi i histogenez roślin nzyniowyh. PWN, Wrszw. Kuźnir P., Stroel W. 2000: Określenie wpływu gruośi sklerenhymy strąków fsoli n ih podtność n pęknie. At Agrophysi, 37,

5 72 Piotr Kuźnir, Stnisłw Sosnowski Kuźnir P., Sosnowski S. 2000: Attempt to determine en-pod suseptiility to rking. nterntionl Agrophysis, 14, Kuźnir P., Sosnowski S. 2002: Reltion etween the en pod shpe ftor nd fore required for pod opening. nterntionl Agrophysis, 16(2), Kuźnir P., Sosnowski S. 2003: Podtność strąków n pęknie wielkość strt nsion fsoli podzs mehniznego zioru. At Agrophysi, 2(1), Kuźnir P., Sosnowski S. 2003: Wpływ wilgotnośi strąków fsoli i ih wielokrotnego nwilżni n siłę potrzeną do ih otwri. At Agrophysi, 2(1), Kuźnir P., Sosnowski S. 2006: Energy neessry to open en pods in vrious nitrogen fertiliztion levels. TEKA Commission of Motoriztion nd Power ndustry in Agriulture. V A, Moś M Zmienność morfologiznyh i ntomiznyh eh strąk, jej wpływ n skłonność do pękni i plon nsion komoniy zwyzjnej (Lotus orniultus L). Zesz. Prol. Post. Nuk Roln., 258, Stroel W. 2003: Porównnie eh fizyznyh strąków różnyh gtunków łuinu. Zeszyty Prolemowe Postępów Nuk Rolnizyh, 495, Szot B., Tys J. 1979: Przyzyny osypywni się nsion roślin oleistyh i strązkowyh orz metody oeny tego zjwisk. Prolemy Agrofizyki, 29. Szwed G., Stroel W., Tys J. 1997: Mehnizmy rządząe proesmi pękni strąków łuinu. Mt. Konf. Łuin we współzesnym rolnitwie, Olsztyn , Szwed G., Tys J., Stroel W. 2000: Pressurized methods for grding the vulnerility of pods splitting. nterntionl Agrophysis, 13, Tomszewsk Z. 1954: Wstępne dni nd ntomią strąków łuinu. At Agrootni, 2,

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