THE EFFECT OF MULTI-COMPONENT FERTILIZERS ON SPRING TRITICALE YIELD, THE CONTENT AND UPTAKE OF MACRONUTRIENTS*

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1 J. Elem. s DOI: /jelem THE EFFECT OF MULTI-COMPONENT FERTILIZERS ON SPRING TRITICALE YIELD, THE CONTENT AND UPTAKE OF MACRONUTRIENTS* Ann Noglsk, Jerzy Czpl, M³gorzt Skwierwsk Chir of Agriculturl Chemistry nd Environmentl Protection University of Wrmi nd Mzury in Olsztyn Astrct Fertiliztion is the min fctor nd n indictor of the effectiveness of griculturl production. A wide vriety nd rnge of minerl fertilizers re currently ville on the Polish mrket. They differ with respect to qulity nd price, while their nmes re often similr, which mkes it difficult for the frmer to select the est one. There hs een stedy increse in the shre of multi-component fertilizers in totl minerl fertilizer consumption in Polnd, which seems very positive. Multi-component fertilizers supply comintion of nutrients t time, in dequte mounts nd proportions, in view of the content of ville phosphorus, potssium nd mgnesium in the soil. The ojective of this study ws to determine the effect of mixed multi-component fertilizers on spring triticle yield, the content nd uptke of mcronutrients. A three-yer field experiment (-) ws crried out in rndomized lock design t the Reserch nd Experimentl Sttion in Tomszkowo, t the University of Wrmi nd Mzury in Olsztyn. The experiment comprised three fertiliztion tretments: control tretment (simple fertilizers) nd two tretments with mixed multi-component fertilizers, Amofosmg 4 (Mg 4:15:15:2) nd Amofosmg 3 (Mg 3:14:20:2). The tested crop ws spring triticle (Triticosecle Wittm) cv. Wnd. Amofosmg 4 hd the most eneficil influence on the yield of spring triticle grin, which incresed y 11% on verge, compred with the control tretment. The effect of Amofosmg 3 ws similr to tht of simple fertilizers. Simple nd multi-component fertilizers exerted comprle effect on the minerl composition of triticle grin nd strw, which remined within norml limits. More pronounced differences were oserved in this respect etween successive yers of the study. The highest totl uptke of nitrogen, phosphorus, potssium, clcium nd mgnesium y spring triticle ws noted in plots fertilized with dr in. Ann Noglsk, Chir of Agriculturl Chemistry nd Environmentl Protection, University of Wrmi nd Mzury, Oczpowskiego Street 8, Olsztyn, Polnd, e-mil: nn.noglsk@uwm.edu.pl *This study ws finnced y Agrochem Ltd., Dore Misto.

2 96 Amofosmg 4, which indictes tht the nutrients contined in this fertilizer re more redily ville to plnts compred with simple fertilizers nd Amofosmg 3. Key words: spring triticle, yield, mcronutrients, multi-component fertilizers. DZIA ANIE NAWOZÓW WIELOSK ADNIKOWYCH NA PLON, ZAWARTOŒÆ I POBRANIE MAKROELEMENTÓW PRZEZ PSZEN YTO JARE Astrkt Nwo enie jest podstwowym czynnikiem i zrzem wskÿnikiem efektywnoœci produkcji rolniczej. Dostepny oecnie n polskim rynku rdzo szeroki i zró nicowny pod wzglêdem jkoœciowym i cenowym sortyment nwozów minerlnych, o podonych nzwch, czêsto utrudni rolnikowi wyór odpowiedniego nwozu. Pozytywnym zjwiskiem jest powolny, le systemtyczny wzrost udzi³u nwozów wielosk³dnikowych w ogólnym zu yciu nwozów minerlnych przez polskiego rolnik. Nwozy wielosk³dnikowe umo liwij¹ dostrcznie roœlinom jednoczeœnie kilku sk³dników pokrmowych w odpowiednich iloœcich i proporcjch, njczêœciej z uwzglêdnieniem zsonoœci gley w przyswjlny fosfor, pots i mgnez. Celem prcy y³ ocen wp³ywu zstosownych nwozów wielosk³dnikowych miesznych n wielkoœæ plonu, zwrtoœæ i pornie mkroelementów przez pszen yto jre. Trzyletnie doœwidczenie polowe (-) przeprowdzono w Zk³dzie Dydktyczno-Doœwidczlnym w Tomszkowie nle ¹cym do Uniwersytetu Wrmiñsko-Mzurskiego w Olsztynie. Doœwidczenie, z³o one metod¹ losownych loków, oejmow³o trzy oiekty nwozowe: oiekt kontrolny (nwozy jednosk³dnikowe) orz dw nwozy wielosk³dnikowe mieszne Amofosmg 4 (Mg 4:15:15:2) i Amofosmg 3 (Mg 3:14:20:2). Roœlin¹ testown¹ y³o pszen yto jre (Triticosecle Wittm) odminy Wnd. Z dñ wynik, e njkorzystniej n plon zirn pszen yt jrego wp³yn¹³ Amofosmg 4, który zwiêkszy³ go œrednio o ok. 11% w porównniu z oiektem kontrolnym. Ntomist Amofosmg 3 dzi³³ n poziomie nwozów jednosk³dnikowych. Nwozy jednosk³dnikowe i wielosk³dnikowe podonie kszt³tow³y sk³d minerlny zirn i s³omy pszen yt, który mieœci³ siê w ogólnie przyjêtych normch. Wiêksze zró nicownie wyst¹pi³o miêdzy poszczególnymi ltmi dñ. Njwiêksze ³¹czne pornie zotu, fosforu, potsu, wpni i mgnezu przez pszen yto jre stwierdzono po zstosowniu Amofosmgu 4, co œwidczy o lepszej przyswjlnoœci sk³dników pokrmowych z tego nwozu ni z nwozów jednosk³dnikowych orz z Amofosmgu 3. S³ow kluczowe: pszen yto jre, plon, mkroelementy, nwozy wielosk³dnikowe. INTRODUCTION A wide vriety nd rnge of multi-component fertilizers (solid, liquid nd suspension) re currently ville on the Polish mrket. They often hve similr composition, ut re sold under different rnd nmes, which mkes it difficult for the frmer to select the est one. Fertiliztion rtes should e djusted to the requirements of the plnt species, nd should e determined in view of crop yield nd qulity, fertilizer efficiency nd environmentl issues. Compound fertilizers provide crops with essentil nutrients in dequte mounts nd proportions, nd they help prevent or reduce

3 nutrient leching (CZUBA 1998, ZAWARTKA, SKWIERAWSKA 2004). Multi-component fertilizers, which provide three primry mcronutrients, N, P nd K, nd secondry nutrients, Mg, C, S nd N, in vrying proportions, re pplied to counterlnce the progress of soil cidifiction, to correct mgnesium deficiency in the soil nd to reduce sulfur emissions, thus preventing nutrient deficiency in plnts (FILIPEK 2001, NOWAK, DRASZAWKA-BO ZAN 2001). The ojective of this study ws to determine the effect of mixed multicomponent fertilizers Amofosmg 3 nd Amofosmg 4 on spring triticle yield, the content nd uptke of mcronutrients. 97 MATERIALS AND METHODS In -, field experiment ws crried out in rndomized lock design t the Reserch nd Experimentl Sttion in Tomszkowo, t the University of Wrmi nd Mzury in Olsztyn. The experiment, which comprised three fertiliztion tretments in four replictions: control tretment (simple fertilizers), Amofosmg 3 nd Amofosmg 4, ws estlished on proper rown soil developed from sndy lom, of qulity clss III nd very good rye complex (IV). The physicochemicl properties of soil in ech yer of the study re presented in Tle 1. The tested crop ws spring triticle (Triticosecle Wittm) cv. Wnd. The preceding plnts were winter triticle in the first yer, nd winter rpeseed in the following two yers. The plot surfce re ws 10 m². Selected physicochemicl nd chemicl properties in the experiment Yer ph w 1 M KCl of the soil used Aville forms (mg kg 1) P K Mg Tle 1 Bsed on the verge levels of ville phosphorus in the soil, 300 kg h 1 Amofosmg 3 (Mg 3:14:20:2+22% CO+9% SO 3 ; 9 kg N, 18 kg P nd 50 kg K on pure ingredient sis) nd Amofosmg 4 (Mg 4:15:15:2+24% CO+9% SO 3 ; 12 kg N, 20 P nd 37 kg K on pure ingredient sis) were pplied pre-sowing. In the control tretment, the following fertilizers were pplied pre-sowing: 12 kg N in the form of ure, 45 kg P 2 O 5 (20 kg P) in the form of triple superphosphte nd 45 kg K 2 O (37 kg K) per

4 98 h in the form of potsh slt. The nitrogen rte of 90 kg h 1 ws supplemented with two doses of mmonium nitrte pplied y top-dressing, s follows: control tretment nd Amofosmg 4 tretment 50 nd 28 kg N, Amofosmg 3 tretment 50 nd 31 kg N h 1. Smples of spring triticle were collected t the stge of full mturity. The grin nd strw hrvested in ech plot were dried nd weighed individully. Wet minerlized smples were ssyed for the content of: totl nitrogen y the hypochlorite method, phosphorus y the vndium-molydenum method, clcium nd potssium y tomic emission spectrometry (AES), nd mgnesium y tomic sorption spectrometry (AAS). The results of chemicl nlyses were verified sttisticlly y two-fctoril nlysis of vrince for rndomized lock design. The experimentl fctors were s follows: fertiliztion, durtion of the experiment. The lest significnt difference ws ssumed t p=0.05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Month April My June July August Wether conditions in - dt provided y in Tomszkowo the Meteorologicl Sttion M en dily temperture ( C) Totl precipittion (mm) The distriution of ir tempertures in differed insignificntly from the long-term verge (Tle 2). Totl precipittion in April ws sustntilly lower thn the long-term verge, which could hve contriuted to uneven emergence, wheres July ws too wet. In, the men monthly tem Tle Men S S S S pertures were similr to the long-term verge. The highest temperture ws recorded in July. Precipittion levels differed considerly from the verge vlues in July nd August. Precipittion totl in July nd August ws over 2.5-fold lower nd nerly 2.5-fold higher, respectively, thn the long period verge, which mde hrvest difficult. In, ir tempertures during the growing seson were slightly ove the long-term verge. July ws

5 wet, with difference of 99.9 mm etween the men monthly rinfll nd the long period verge. The wether conditions ffected the yield of spring triticle. The highest verge yield of spring triticle grin (5.82 t h 1 ) ws otined in the first yer of the study (Tle 3). Amofosmg 4 contriuted to significnt increment in grin yield, which ws y 27% nd 25% higher thn in the control tretment (simple fertilizers) nd in the Amofosmg 3 tretment, respectively. In nother experiment, spring whet lso responded y yield increse to the ppliction of Amofosmg 4 (NOGALSKA et l. 2010). 99 Spring triticle yield fter the ppliction of Amofosmg 4 nd Amofosmg 3 (t h 1) Tretment Grin men () Strw Tle 3 men () Amofosmg Amofosmg Men ( ) x Legend: fertiliztion, durtion of the experiment In the second yer of the study (), the yield of spring triticle grin rnged from 4.02 to 4.39 t h 1, depending on the pplied fertilizer, nd it ws significntly lower (y 38% on verge) thn in the first yer. Amofosmg 4 contriuted to n pproximtely 10% increse in triticle grin yield, in comprison with Amofosmg 3. The lowest triticle grin yield ws ttined in it ws 35% nd 11% lower thn in nd, respectively. The ove could hve een due to the less fvorle wether conditions. Triticle strw yield ws less ffected y the pplied fertilizers. The highest strw yield, similrly s the highest grin yield, ws otined in the Amofosmg 4 tretment. Triticle strw yield ws significntly lower (y over 1.2 tons) in the lst yer of the experiment thn in the first nd second yer. The mens from the three yers show tht Amofosmg 4 cused n pproximtely 11% nd 8% increse in the yield of triticle grin nd strw, respectively, compred with the control tretment. The effect of Amofosmg 3 ws similr to tht of simple fertilizers. Other uthors (MAZUR et l. 2001, STÊPIEÑ, MERCIK 2001, ZAWARTKA, SKWIERAWSKA 2004) lso oserved yield-

6 100 forming effect of compound fertilizers in mny plnt species. On the other hnd, KRZYWY et l. (2000) demonstrted tht multi-component fertilizers hd n insignificnt effect on the yield of winter triticle nd spring rley. The results of chemicl nlyses of spring triticle grin nd strw, presented in Tle 4, suggest tht the concentrtions of the nlyzed mcronutrients vried insignificntly etween fertiliztion tretments, nd in most cses they remined within norml limits (Norms for nutritions ). The grin of spring triticle fertilized with Amofosmg 3 hd significntly lower verge nitrogen content, compred with the Amofosmg 4 nd control tretments. The concentrtions of phosphorus, potssium, clcium nd mgnesium were not significntly modified y the pplied fertilizers. More pronounced differences were oserved in this respect etween successive yers of the study. In the first yer of the study (), the grin of spring triticle contined significntly less nitrogen nd clcium nd more mgnesium, compred with the vlues noted in the two consecutive yers. In the second yer of the experiment, triticle grin contined lrger mounts of nitrogen thn in the first yer, nd significntly higher quntities of phosphorus nd clcium nd less potssium thn in the first nd third yer. The highest verge nitrogen content (23.0 g kg 1 d.m.) of triticle grin ws oserved in, nd it ws significntly higher thn in nd (y 60% nd 18%, respectively). The concentrtions of the nlyzed mcronutrients in triticle strw vried etween the yers. The highest content of nitrogen ws noted in the first yer, of phosphorus nd mgnesium in the second yer, nd of potssium in the third yer. The findings of mny other uthors (KRZYWY et l. 2000, FILIPEK 2001, KRZYWY et l. 2001, MAZUR et l. 2001, NOGALSKA et l. 2010) suggest tht multi-component fertilizers hve n insignificnt effect on the mcronutrient content of tested plnts. Mcronutrient uptke ws estimted sed on the yield nd mcronutrient content of spring triticle grin nd strw (Figure 1). The highest nitrogen uptke y spring triticle plnts (144.3 kg N h 1 ) ws noted in the first yer of the experiment, following the ppliction of Amofosmg 4, which resulted from the highest yield of triticle grin nd strw in this tretment. Phosphorus uptke levels were comprle in ll tretments. Phosphorus uptke vried etween yers it ws the highest in (32.3 kg Ph 1 on verge) when triticle grin nd strw were undnt in phosphorus, nd nerly two-fold lower in the third yer of the experiment. A similr trend ws oserved with regrd to clcium uptke. Mgnesium uptke decresed over time. The highest totl (men vlues of three yers) uptke of the nlyzed mcronutrients (N, P, K, C nd Mg) ws noted in plots fertilized with Amofosmg 4. In the Amofosmg 3 tretment, mcronutrient uptke ws 7% lower thn in the control tretment. This indictes tht the nutrients contined in Amofosmg 4 re more redily ville to spring triticle, in comprison with simple fertilizers nd Amofosmg 3. STÊPIEÑ, MERCIK (2001), KRUCZEK, SULEWSKA () nd NOGALSKA et l. (2010) reported tht multi-component fertilizers, compred with simple fertilizers, supported higher nutrient uptke y vrious plnt species.

7 101 Mcronutrient content Mcronutrient Nitrogen Tretment of spring triticle fter the ppliction of Amofosmg nd Amofosmg 3 (g kg 1 d.m. ) Grin Strw Tle 4 4 men ( ) men ( ) Amofosmg Amofosmg Men ( ) Phosphorus x Amofosmg Amofosmg Men ( ) Potssium x Amofosmg Amofosmg Men ( ) Clcium x Amofosmg Amofosmg Men ( ) Mgnesium x Amofosmg Amofosmg Men ( ) x Explntions s in Tle

8 102 kg h kg h N1 N2 N3 P1 P2 P3 K1 K2 K3 C1 C2 C3 Mg1 Mg2 Mg3 1, 2 Amofosmg 4, 3 Amofosmg 3 Fig. 1. Nutrient uptke y spring triticle grin nd strw in - (kg h 1 ) CONCLUSIONS 1. Amofosmg 4 contriuted to n pproximtely 11% nd 8% increse in the yield of spring triticle grin nd strw, respectively, compred with the control tretment. The effect of Amofosmg 3 ws similr to tht of simple fertilizers. Triticle grin yield ws significntly higher in the first yer of the study thn in the second nd third yer. 2. The concentrtions of the nlyzed mcronutrients in spring triticle grin nd strw vried insignificntly etween fertiliztion tretments. In most cses, simple nd multi-component fertilizers exerted comprle effect on the chemicl composition of the tested crop. Significnt differences were oserved in this respect etween successive yers of the study. 3. The highest totl uptke of N, P, K, C nd Mg y spring triticle ws noted in plots fertilized with Amofosmg 4. Mcronutrient uptke from Amofosmg 3 ws lower thn from simple fertilizers.

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