guru nwnk bwxi ivc Dwrimk sihnsilqw (isd gosit bwxi dy smdrb 'c) "XogIAW nwl hoeiaw hor mulwkwqw qon ielwvw Acl vtwly, sumyr prbq,

Transkrypt

1 Since March 2002 An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 156, Vol - XVI (1), March , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor guru nwnk bwxi ivc Dwrimk sihnsilqw (isd gosit bwxi dy smdrb 'c) fw. qyijmdr gulwti*, fw. jiqmdr ismg** R esearch Paper "XogIAW nwl hoeiaw hor mulwkwqw qon ielwvw Acl vtwly, sumyr prbq, gork-h`tvi Aqy nwnk mqy diaw aucyciaw hoeiaw mulwkwqw ies g`l dw prq`k sbuq hn ik guru nwnk dyv bysk XogIAW ƒ shi rwh qon KuMJy hoey ivakqi hi mmndy hn prmqu auhnw XogIAW dy m`q dw puri idlscpi nwl AiDAYn kiqw si[" ijmnhw jogiaw dw izkr isd gosit ivc guru nwnk swihb ny kiqw hy, auh Awp vi AiBAwsI qy swdk sn[ guru ji ny auhnw dy igawn Bwv ƒ smjidaw bvi sihnsilqw nwl auhnw nwl prsn kiqy Aqy kei QweIN XogIAW ƒ puri g`l di smj honx di g`l vi khi Aqy ies cl rhi sbw di jy jy kwr vi bwxi ivc kiqi[ Drm dy Kyqr ivc sihnsilqw qon mu`k Bwv ieh ilaw jwdw hy ik dusiraw dy Dwrimk aupdysw, isdwqw prqi auhnw diaw smu`ciaw ivcwrdwrwvw dw k`tvqw ivc KMfn nw krdy hoey, auhnw dy ivcwrw ƒ suxnw Aqy sux ky iek swji prkwr di ivcwrdwrw dw inrmwx krnw, ijs ivc iksy vi Drm ƒ inmdx di koiss nw kiqi gei hovy[ ies ivc dusry DrmW ƒ siqkwr Bwv nwl smjdy hoey, dusry di g`l sux ky aus nwl sihmqi nw humdy hoey vi aus dw siqkwr krnw, BwvyN ik swfy Drm Anuswr auhnw dy ivcwr myl nhin KWdy, prmqu ipr vi auhnw dy ivcwrw ƒ suxnw, ieh Dwrimk sihnsilqw dw pihlw Aqy mu`k isdwq ikhw jw skdw hy[ kei vwr ho skdw hy ik swfy ivcwr vi iksy dy Drm nwl myl nhin KWdy, prmqu sihnsilqw hi auh ivvwd-purn msly lei iek m`uk gmujwies khi jw skdi hy[ isk kom dy mhwn ivdvwn BweI kwnh ismg nwbw dy mhwn kos Anuswr sihnsilqw dw Bwv, "shwrn dw hy ijs dw subwau, brdwsq krn vwlw[" jykr sihnsil dy Bwv ƒ sri guru gmrq swihb ji di bwxi di ksv`ti rwhi smijaw jwvy qw gurbwxi ivc prikrqi ƒ ADwr bxw ky pvn, pwxi Aqy DrqI di audwhrn ikmw Aqy shwrn Bwv lei id~qi gei hy[ ijs lei ienhw kudrqi q`qw di shwrn SkqI dw izkr guru Arjn dyv ji mwru rwg ivc krdy hn[ shn sil pvn Aru pwxi bsudw ikmw inbrwqy] (1) kudrq ny pydw kiqi ies kwienwq ƒ vi Aijhy guxw dw DwrnI bxw idqw hy ik smu`ci kwienwq vi iksy nw iksy rup ivc ies ikmw Bwv dy gux ƒ Dwrn krdy hoey mnu`kqw lei jivn bxi hoei hy[ Dwrimk Kyqr ivc cldy ivcwrw dy tkrwa ƒ smwpq krn lei hi guru nwnk dyv ji ny ivcwrw dy Adwn prdwn ivc sihnsilqw ƒ m`uk r`ikaw[ guru nwnk dyv ji Bwrq dy Dwrimk ieiqhws ivc iek Aijhy smyn ivc Awey, ijs dorwn kei ielwky BgqI Aqy supi prmprw dy smq-bgqw dy prbwv hyt sn[ ielwkwei AiDAwqimk prbwv lei guru nwnk dyv ji ny smwijk Aqy Dwrimk sm`isawvw dy h`l ihq Awpxy Awp ƒ smripq kiqw[ guru nwnk dyv ji ny Bwrq di mhwn rh`svwdi Dwrimk prmprw ivc Awpxw ivisst sqwn bxw ilaw[ guru nwnk dyv ji ny smyn Anuswr cl rhiaw smsikriqk, Dwrimk Aqy smwijk sm`isawvw prqi AwpxI iek jivmq idlcspi idkwei[ ies idawn v`l guru swihb di sucyqqw Aiq drjy di sukm si, qw hi krmkwf, sminaws, jwqi-vwd, AiqAwcwr, SoSx, s`qvwdi jivn, smwijk lovw qy inaw Awid bwry gmbirqw nwl soc-ivcwr ky bwxi rwhin smswr ƒ iek sq-isdwq dy ky AgvweI kiqi[ guru swihb ny AwpxI bwxi rwhin Aijhy isdwq ƒ prcwrn lei smyn dy Dwrimk AwgUAW jw k`tv AhudydwrW nwl kei ivcwr-gostiaw kiqiaw Aqy smvwd vi rcwey, kei QweIN tkrwa dw mwhol bixaw, prmqu guru swihb ny qrk ƒ dlil dw shwrw idmidaw ivcwr kiqi[ Aijhy smvwd ivc ivcwrw dw Awdwn-pRdwn qw lwzmi humdw hy[ ies ivcwr-smvwd ƒ guru nwnk di sihnsilqw, DIrj Bwv Anuswr ilaw jw skdw hy[ jykr guru nwnk dyv ji di smu`ci bwxi ivc ies ivcwr-smvwd di g`l kiqi jwey qw bhuq swriaw audwhrnw iml jwdiaw hn, *AisstYNt propysr, smgiq ivbwg, guru nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, AMimRqsr **projykt PYlo, sri guru grmq swihb AiDAYn kyndr, guru nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, AMimRqsr Research Link - An International Journal Vol - XVI (1) March

2 ij~qy guru nwnk swihb ny ivcwr-crcw lei AwpxI Dwrimk sihnsilqw ƒ purn qor 'qy kwiem r`ikaw[ ies ƒ iek gux dw drjw vi id`qw jw skdw hy, ikaun jo hryk smvwd lei pihlw sux ky, smj ky bol kihxw pydw hy[ jykr g`l ivc qot vi hovy, qw vi Awpw Bwv nw guaw ky Sbd di swj rwhin bvi sdbwvnw nwl g`l kihxi pyndi hy[ suxnw Dwrmik Kyqr ivc bhuq au~qm mminaw igaw hy[ guru nwnk dyv ji jykr AwpxI 'jpu' bwxi ivc mmn ky Aml q`k di g`l krdy hn qw ies lei mmnx qon pihlhw cwr pauviaw suxn 'qy aucwrn kiqiaw hn[ suxn di AvsQw qon hi mmnx q`k di phumc jiv lei mukqi dw mwrg bx ky 'mmny pwvih mok duawr' rwhin smpurn humdi hy[ guru nwnk dyv ji dw jnm ihmdu pirvwr ivc hoieaw qy ihmdu vwqwvwrn auhnw dy pirvwr ivc mojud si[ guru swihb ny smkwlin ivcwrdwrw dw AiDAYn bvi sukmqw nwl kiqw, jo guxkwri vi si[ ies ivcwrdwrw Aqy guru ji dy Awqm-igAwn ny iek Aijhy &lspy ƒ prcwiraw ijs ivc vysnv pmqiaw dy Avqwrvwd dy isdwq ƒ C`f ky ieko Akwl di ausqq ƒ prvwx kiqw Aqy ijs di hond ƒ guru swihb ny Awid kwl qon ly ky jugw dy AwrMB, vrqmwn qy Biv~K ivc vi iek rihx di g`l sb qon pihly isdwq v`jo 'jp' dy AwrMB ivc id`qi[ Awid scu jugwid scu] hy BI scu nwnk hosi BI scu] (2) guru swihb ny iek eisvrvwdi isdwq ƒ smu`ci bwxi rwhin v`k-v`k audwsiaw dorwn prcwiraw Aqy Awpxy smvwd rwhin shi isdwq ƒ pys kiqw[ "iesy audys ƒ m`uk rkky, SwqI Aqy ivsvws dy msihw guru nwnk dyv ny dysivdysw diaw XwqrwvW krky AMqr-rwStrI h`dw pwr krnon, hr mmdr, msiq Aqy m`c dw buhw KVkwauxoN Aqy smwijk, Dwrimk nyqwvw ƒ auhnw dy pyrokwrw prqi kr`qv smjwauxon, r`qw vi smkoc nhin kiqw[" (3) guru nwnk swihb ny jivn-jwc lei kiqi ivawikaw ƒ purwxi smsikrqk i&lwspi qon nvyn jwmy ivc surjiq kiqw Aqy ies lei bvy inmr Bwv ƒ A`gy r`k ky smqw-supiaw is~d-nwqw, jogiaw, vyrwgiaw Awid nwl crcw kiqi[ "guru swihb ny BwrqI DrmW qy PlsiPAW ƒ cmgi qrhw GoiKAw si [ shjxwni qy vjrxwni qwiqrk bodiaw, nwq pmqiaw, vyrwgiaw, AvDUq swduaw, kmn-pwty jogiaw, sryvivaw, vydwqiaw qy smq BgqW dy ivcwrw ƒ auhnw ghu nwl smjx dw Xqn kiqw si[ auhnw di vifawei ies gl ivc hy ik auhnw iksy vi ivcwrdwrw ƒ A`KW mit ky kbul nhin si kiqw, sgon in~ji qjrby dy AwDwr qy swikawq kiqiaw g`lw ƒ ApxwieAw qy prcwiraw si[ ies qon Cùt auh auhnw g`lw ƒ vi CuitAWdy nhin sn jo AiDAwqmk jivn ƒ bnwx ivc kuj nw kuj shwiek ho jwdiaw sn[ SbdwvlI auhnw ƒ ijqon vi imli auhnw ly lei, icmnh, ibmb, imiqhws Awidk vi ley pr ivcwrw ƒ cmgi qrhw vwicaw sod swd ky ie~kty kiqw qy Awpxy molk ivcwrw nwl rlw ky duniaw dy swhmxy AqI inmrqw nwl ilawdw[" (4) guru nwnk dyv ji ny AwpxI smu`ci bwxi rwhin jo vi ivcwr-gostiaw, smvwd rcwey auhnw ivc sihxsilqw dw Bwv prq`k aujwgr humdw hy, ijs di audwhrn jnm swkiaw qon vi prwpq humdi hy Aqy BweI gurdws ji vi ies ƒ sp`st krdy hn ik iks prkwr bwby di sbd-swj dw isdw nwl hoei crcw ivc prbwv ipaw, ijs sdkw isdmmfli ƒ Sbd dy Awsry bwby ny smvwd rcw ky swq kr id`qw[ bwby kiqi isid gosit sbd Swiq isdw ivic AweI] (5) isd gosit bwxi ivc Dwrimk sihnsilqw : guru nwnk dyv ji ny smuh DrmW dy iek shi prqiind hox dw mwn hwsl kiqw hy[ ijs lei guru swihb ny smkwlin Dwrimk glq ivcwrdwrvw dw KMfn krky ausƒ sc dy inrol rup ivc pys kiqw[ jnm-swkiaw Aqy BweI gurdws di bwxi ies g`l di gvwhi BrdI hy ik guru swihb dy smyn isd-nwq, jogiaw dw bhuq bolbwlw si Aqy smwj qon auprwm ho ky Aqy iqawgi bx ky iek v`krw hi jivn isdwq nwq-jogi prcwr ivc ilaw rhy sn [ ies lei auh lokw ivc ivsys AvsrW, myilaw qy jw ky kei vwr krwmwqw rwhin lokw ƒ frw-dmkw ky Awpxw prbwv pwaundy sn[ jogiaw ny Awpxy ies prcwr ƒ kyvl pmjwb, Bwrq ivc hi nhin, sgon kei bwhri prbqw ivc dys qon bwhr dy ielwikaw ivc PYlwieAw si[ guru swihb ny ienhw jogiaw q`k AwpxI phumc bxw ky auhnw nwl ivcwr-crcw kiqiaw[ "guru ji dy smyn XogIAW dw bvw zor si[ XogI Awpxy miq dw prcwr swry dys ivc, qy dys qon bwhr iklr ky vi bvy SOk nwl kr rhy sn[ eydr guru swihb vi Awpxy kmm dw Gyrw inrw pmjwb ƒ hi nhin bxw skdy sn[ auh qw sgon ihmd qon bwhr dysw ivc vi, aus jhwlq qy hnyr dy jmwny ivc jdon s&r dy cmgy vsily vi nhin sn, jmglw, phwvw qy dirawvw ƒ kt ky pujy sn [ auh jgq guru sn [ kwbl, eirwn, Arb, imsr, cin, iqbq, brmw, lmkw, APgwinsqwn Awidk dysw ivc ipr ky, qy duniaw ƒ sc dw rwh ivkwl ky, iek Kws iksm di KuSI AnuBv krdy sn[ Awpxy dys AMdr auh XogIAW ƒ vi kei vwr imly sn qy auhnw nwl lmmiaw ivcwrw vi krdy rhy sn[" (6) guru nwnk dyv ji di smu`ci bwxi ivcon 'isd gosit' bwxi dw izkr krdy hw[ ies bwxi ƒ guru swihb ny isdw nwl hoei gosti dy rup ivc AMkq kiqw[ bys`k ieiqhwskwrw di ies ivc iek rwey nhin hy ik ies bwxi dw aucwrn iks jghw qy hoieaw[ "ieiqhwskwrw ny guru swihb diaw XogIAW nwl cwr mulwkwqw dw ivsys izkr kiqw hy[ ieh mulwkwqw gorkmqw (jo hux nwnk mqw hy), sumyr prbq, gork htvi (ipswvr Sihr dw iek bwzwr hy) Aqy Acl vtwlw nwm dy AsQwnW qy hoeiaw dsiaw geiaw hn [ ienhw ivcon iksy iek imlxi smyn XogIAW nwl hoey ivcwr vtwdry ƒ guru swihb ny Awp ip~cno bwxi dw rup idqw si ijs dw isrlyk hy 'isd gosit'[ ieh gosti iks AsQwn qy hoei Aqy ikhvy isd XogIAW nwl hoei, ies bwbq Research Link - An International Journal Vol - XVI (1) March

3 ieiqhwskwrw dw ieq&wk nhi[" (7) 'isd gosit' bwxi jiv ƒ sicawr ho ky inrml, piv`qrqw dy lyp ivc haumy rog ƒ invwr, haumy diaw mwru kmzoriaw ƒ Sbd di shwieqw nwl mnùk dw Cutkwrw krvwaux di g`l krdi hy[ rwg rwmkli ivc ies bwxi ƒ gwaux di hdwieq hy Aqy Gr pihlw ArQwq pihly qwl jw Gr ivc gwaux dw smkyq ieh bwxi idmdi hy[ rwmkli rwg ƒ vysy vi XogIAW dw hrmn ipawrw rwg mminaw jwdw hy[ guru swihb ny auhnw dy ies hrmn ipawry rwg di hi cox Kws krky ivcwr gosti lei kiqi[ ies bwxi ivc 'Dwrimk sihnsilqw' dw smkyq guru swihb ny pihli quk ivc hi idmdy hoey swiraw prbu- BgqW, smqw ƒ nmskwr kridaw ieh qukw aucwriaw[ isd sbw kir Awsix byty smq sbw jykwro] iqs AwgY rhrwis hmwri swcw Apr Apwro] (8) guru swihb ny Awpxw sihnsilqw dw Bwv ies bwxi ivc prq`k prgt kiqw hy[ jykr isdw nwl vwrqw SurU kiqi qw ijmnhw KirAW syvkw ƒ prbu drgwh ivc prvwngi imli, auhnw prqi Awpw Bwv smripq krky is~dw ƒ scy di audwhrn id`qi[ svwl-juvwb dy dorwn guru swihb ny XogIAW lei iek nvw idrstikox kwiem kiqw[ auhnw ny XogIAW nmu auhnw dy smswri iqawg Aqy inrwsqw qy auprwmqw dy isdwq num nkwiraw[ "isd gosit' ivc AsIN dykdy hw ik guru nwnk dyv is`dw-nwqw prqi auh krvw idrstikox nhin r`kdy prqiq humdy, jo idrstiskox auh jyniaw, brwhmxw Aqy mmny-prmmny ruvivwdi Aqy pwkmfi lokw prqi AwpxIAW bwxiaw ivc rkdy prqiq humdy hn[ guru ji ny, nwqw dw ir~diawis~diaw prqi moh, ivsys Bgvy vys prqi Jukw Awid ƒ qw Av`S qwvnw Bry lpjw ivc ibawn kiqw hy, prmqu is~dw-nwqw di lmgr-p`dqi, jwq-pwq smbmdi krwqikwri ivcwrw ƒ Axif`T nhin kiqw[ is~d-nwqw ƒ guru nwnk dyv smswr dw ho jwx di pryrnw qw idmdy hn; pr inry smswri ho jwx qon vrjdy hn[" (9) Dwrimk sihnsilqw dy Bwv ƒ ivcwrw dy smdrb ivc guru swihb ny gurmuk dy smklp num prsquq kiqw[ ies ivc jiv ƒ Awpxy prqi auqrdwei rup ivc pys kridaw eirkw, lob, vyr, ivrod qon Cut ky gurmuk dw iek priqbwswli mwfl id`qw[ guru swihb ny Asl isdwq dy idmidaw ies ƒ jivn dw ivswl ADwr bxwaux di pryrnw id~qi[ iehnw swriaw mulwkwqw ivc XogIAW dy in~ji ivcwrw dw qurmq KMfn nhin kiqw[ "XogIAW nwl hoeiaw hor mulwkwqw qon ielwvw Acl vtwly, sumyr prbq, gork-h`tvi Aqy nwnk mqy diaw aucyciaw hoeiaw mulwkwqw ies g`l dw prq`k sbuq hn ik guru nwnk dyv bysk XogIAW ƒ shi rwh qon KuuMJy hoey ivakqi hi mmndy hn prmqu auhnw XogIAW dy m`q dw puri idlscpi nwl AiDAYn kiqw si[" (10) ijmnhw jogiaw dw izkr isd gosit ivc guru nwnk swihb ny kiqw hy, auh Awp vi AiBAwsI qy swdk sn[ guru ji ny auhnw dy igawn Bwv ƒ smjidaw bvi sihnsilqw nwl auhnw nwl prsn kiqy Aqy kei QweIN XogIAW ƒ puri g`l di smj honx di g`l vi khi Aqy ies cl rhi sbw di jy jy kwr vi bwxi ivc kiqi[ Awpy AwKY Awp smjy iqs ikaw auqru dijy] swcu khhu qum pwrgrwmi quju ikaw bysxu dijy] (11) 'isd gosit' bwxi ivc AnykW QweIN guru swihb ny Awpxy prsn Aqy jogiaw dy jvwb ivc sihnsilqw ƒ brkrwr r`kidaw ivcwrw kiqiaw[ iehnw smu`ciaw ivcwrw qon smqust hoey XogIAW dy jvwb ƒ BweI gurdws ny AwpxI bwxi ivc drj kiqw [ ieh quk-bwv ies g`l num XkInI bxwaundy hn ik guru nwnk ny nwq-jogiaw ƒ iek dm krvy h`qi nw lynidaw bvy inmr Bwv sihq auhnw di g`l ƒ sux ky DIrj nwl auhnw dw SMkw nivrq kiqw Aqy jogiaw di hoei smqusti ƒ BweI gurdws ny ies qrhw vrxn kiqw hy[ isid bolin sub bcn DMn nwnk qyri vfi kmwei] (12) hvwly : (1) sri guru gmrq swihb, pm (2) auhi, pm 1. (3) fw. jod ismg, isd gosit dy smdrb ivc guru nwnk dw icmqn, nwnk prkws p`iqrkw, pmjwbi XUnIvristI, pitawlw, 1990, pm (4) pro. nryx ismg, isd gosit dw ipcokv, nwnk prks p`iqrkw, pmjwbi XUnIvristI pitawlw, jun 1971, pmnw (5) vwrw BweI gurdws, vwr 1, pauvi 44. (6) pro. nryx ismg, auprokq, pm (7) auhi. (8) sri guru gmrq swihb, pm (9) fw. jod ismg, auprokq, pm (10) auhi, pm (11) sri guru grmq swihb, pm (12) vwrw BweI gurdws ji, vwr 1, pauvi 44. Research Link - An International Journal Vol - XVI (1) March

4 a Since March 2002 H indi Literature An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 156, Vol - XVI (1), March , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor DeeOegefvekeâ keâleekeâej efceefleuesmjej ke=âle ceešer keâns kegâcnej mes cew DeefYeJÙeòeâ efjeefyeve mecemùeesb Øemlegle MeesOehe$e, DeeOegefvekeâ keâleekeâej efceefleuesõej ke=âle ceešer keâns kegâcnej mes cew DeefYeJÙeòeâ efjeefyeve mecemùeedeew keâes kesâvõ cew jkekeâj efuekee ieùee nw~ MeesOehe$e cew GhevÙeeme cew JeefCe&le, onspe mecemùee, DeefMe#ee keâer mecemùee, heeefjjeeefjkeâ efjeiešve, efveoe&velee, iegb[eieoea, DehenjCe Deewj efheâjewleer keâer mecemùee, ceeref[ùee keâe oes<e, peeeflejeeo, jepeveweflekeâ Yeü eûeej, DebOeefJeÕeeme Deeefo pjeueble mecemùeedeew hej efjeûeej efkeâùee ieùee nw~ efceefleuesõejpeer Skeâ ØeefleYeeMeeueer ueskekeâ nq, efpevnewves «eeceerce peerjeve keâer mecemùeedeew hej hewveer Âef [eueles ngs yeejerkeâer mes Gvekeâe JeCe&ve efkeâùee nw Deewj Fmekesâ meele-meele Menjer peerjeve keâer efjemebieefleùeew keâer Yeer yesyeekeâ heì[leeue keâer nw~ [e@.efvemee pecyeeue feffkys'oj,d izfl) dfkkdkj vksj miu;kldkj gsa xzkeh.k vkapy ls lacaf/kr gksus ds dkj.k muds dfkk lkfgr; es a Hkh vkapfydrk dk iqv feyrk gsa ^ekvh dgs dqegkj ls* miu;kl esa ys[kd us xzkeh.k vkapy dh lel;kvks a ls ikbd dks voxr djkrs gq, 'kgjh thou ds lkfk mlds lw= tksm+s gsaa izlrqr miu;kl esa ys[kd us fueu Toyar lel;kvksa dks dsunz esa j[kk gs % ¼1½ ngst lel;k % fookg nks vkrekvksa dk gh ugha] nks ifjokjksa dk Hkh feyu gsa izkphu le; esa uo neifÿk dks?kj latksus esa vf/kd rdyhq u gks blh fopkj ls ekrk firk du;k dks vusd olrq, nku ;k Hks av ds :i es a nsrs Fks] ijurq /khjs&/khjs bl izfkk us ngst dk :i ys fy;ka ngst,d,slk vfhk'kki gs] ftles vkt Hkh u tkus fdruh o/kqvks a dks viuh cyh p<+kuh im+rh gs ;k fqj og?kqv&?kqv dj thou thus ds fy, vfhk'kir gsa izlrqr miu;kl esa ys[kd us Qwydsljh ds ek/;e ls ngst izfkk dh lel;k dks mbk;k gsa Qwydsljh ds firk Qwydsljh dk fookg nsouunu ls djrs gsa ijurq nsouunu ds firk ngst ds :i esa pkj yk[k dh ek x djrs gsa ftls iwjk djus ds fy, Qwydsljh ds firk dks vius dqn [ksr Hkh cspus im+rs gsa ij og larq"v Fks fd csvh vpns?kj es a C;kg dj tk jgh gsa ijurq dqn fnuks a ds ckn gh Qwydsljh dks ngst ds fy, izrkfm+r fd;k tkus yxka mldh uunsa mls rkuk ekjrh ßHkkHkh] eksvjlkbfdy e xokb,a gekjh vksdkr ds bl xk o es a tks Hkh [skrhgj gsa] lcds ym+dks a dks ngst esa eksvjlkbfdy feyh gsaa lc dgrs gsa fd dblh 'kknh gqbz gs fd ym+ds dks eksvjlkbfdy Hkh ugha feyha lc gekjh rksghu dj jgs gsa ---AÞ ¼1½ ek vksj cguks a ds cgdkos es a vkdj,d fnu mldk ifr Hkh mldks [kwc ihvrk gs vksj ek;ds NksM+ vkrk gsa Qwydsljh dh vki chrh lqudj iou vksj 'kjn uked usrk mldh enn ds fy, vkxs vkrs gsa] ftlls?kcjkdj var es a Qwydsljh ds llqjky okys mlls ekqh ek xrs gsa vksj mls?kj okfil ys tkrs gsaa bl?kvuk ls ;g Li"V gs fd vkt Hkh ngst ds fy, o/kqvkas dks llqjky okyksa ds tqye lgus im+rs gsaa ¼2½ vf'k{kk dh lel;k % vf'k{kk,d O;fDr ds fy, gh ugha] cfyd iwjs lekt ds fy, vfhk'kki gsa vf'kf{kr O;fDr dks vius thou esa dbz lel;kvkas ls xqt+juk im+rk gsa,d f'kf{kr lekt gh ns'k dks izxfr ds ifk dh vksj vxzlj dj ldrk gsa vius thou vksj lekt nksuks a dh gh [kq'kgkyh ds fy, lk{kj gksuk vfr vko';d gsa vkyksp; miu;kl esa Hkh vf'k{kk dh lel;k ns[kus dks feyrh gsa ctjaxiqj esa nokb;ksa dh nqdku pykus okys nks O;fDr Lo;a dks 'kgj ds nks e'kgwj fpfdrldksa dk fo'olr crkrs gsaa xk o ds Hkksys&Hkkys vui<+ yksx mudh ckrks a es a vkdj muls gh viuh gj fcekjh dk bzykt djokrs gs aa ftlds dkj.k dbz yksx xyr nokb;ksa ds lsou ls viuh tku rd xoka csbs gsaa lqesj flag eqfuyk dks crkrs gq, dgrs gsa ß;g xk o dh vf'k{kk vksj vkkurk dk ifj.kke gs eqfuyka xk o ds tks i<+s&fy[ks vksj leiuu gsa] os bu nokokyksa ds pddj es a ugha im+rsa ysfdu cgqla[;d xzkeoklh rks budh idm+ esa gsa ghaþ ¼2½ ¼3½ ikfjokfjd fo?kvu %,d ifjokj ds lnl;ksa esa vkilh izse] lg;ksx vksj,d nwljs ds nq%[k rdyhqksa dks tkuus dh {kerk ;fn gks rks ifjokj O;ofLFkr :i ls py ldrk gsa ijurq ifjokj es a cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvks a dk vhkko] vfkzyksyqirk] os;fdrd LokFkZ vkfn ds dkj.k ikfjokfjd,drk Hkax gks tkrh gsa vkyksp; miu;kl esa bldk mnkgj.k ^eqdqy fuokl* gsa ftlds eqf[k;k izksqslj eqdqy ckcq dkwyst Nk=ks a ds vkre?kkrh geys es a viuh tku mebefjeoelcekeâ JÙeeKÙeelee, otjmle efme#ee efveosmeeueùe, peccet efjeõeefjeåeeueùe, peccet (peccet SJeb keâmceerj) Research Link - An International Journal Vol - XVI (1) March

5 xok csbrs gsaa tc rd og thfor Fks] mugksaus vius nksuks a csvksa dks ljdkjh csadksa esa yxok fn;k Fkk] ijurq mudh e`r;q ds i'pkr~ vkffkzd raxh ds dkj.k rhuks a Hkkb;ks a es a vkilh eueqvko c<+rk x;k ftlls ifjokj fo?kvu ds dxkj ij vkdj [km+k gks x;ka ikfjokfjd thou es a csvh vksj cgqvks a dh mis{kk vkt Hkh gekjs lekt es a gsa dbz?kjks es a ym+dk vksj ym+dh es a HksnHkko fd;k tkrk gsa ym+dk isnk gksus ij?kj es a fdlh R;kSgkj dh rjg [kqf'k;k eukbz tkrh gs] febkbz ck Vh tkrh gs] ijurq ;fn ym+dh isnk gks tk, rks mls cqjs deksza dk Qy ekuk tkrk gsa vkyksp; miu;kl esa bldk mnkgj.k jke izlkn dk?kj gsa jke izlkn n rj esa cm+s ckcw gsa muds rhu csfv;k vksj nks csvs gsaa izkjehk esa jke izlkn nksuksa ifr&iruh viuh uksdjkuh eqfuyk dh miflfkfr esa ym+fd;ksa ds izfr vius HksnHkko dks fnikrs FksA mugs a Mj Fkk fd nl?kjks a es a vkus tkus okyh ckbz gsa gj txg izpkj djsxh ijurq tsls&tsls og ml?kj dh ifjfpr curh pyh x;h mudh lrdzrk Hkh <hyh im+rh x;ha,d fnu jke izlkn mldh miflfkfr es a gh fpyyk im+ s ßvHkh rd esjs 'kvz ij vk;ju ugha gqvk gs] vc D;k igudj esa vkwfql tkå ---AÞ ¼3½ ;g lqudj mudh iruh cm+h csvh ';kek ij fpyyk mbh ßbl rjg lqvj tslk eq g cukdj D;k rkd jgh gs\ tynh dj vk;jua bu csfv;ks a dks rks vius ls dqn cq>krk gh ughaa flqz [kkuk vksj ek &cki dh Nkrh ij ew x nyuk tkurh gsa u tkus iwoz tue esa esaus,slk dksu lk iki fd;k Fkk] fd Hkxoku us rhu&rhu dqy{kf.k;ks a dks esjh dks[k esa Hkst fn;ka ;s rhuks a mtkm+ djus vk;h gsaa tc rd jgsaxh ukd es ne fd, jgs axh vksj tk, xh rks ngst esa lc /kks&iksandj ysrh tk, xhaþ ¼4½ ym+dh tc fookg ds i'pkr~ vius llqjky tkrh gs rks ogk Hkh lkl vksj uun ds :i es a fl=;k gh mldh nq'eu cudj [km+h gksrh gsaa izlrqr miu;kl es a fefljkbu viuh cgw ij dbz rjg ds vr;kpkj djrh gsa ;gk rd fd dbz ckj csvs ds dku Hkj dj fivok Hkh pqdh gsa,d fnu rch;r eunh gksus ds dkj.k cgq dqn ysv mbh rks fefljkbu us lqcg&lqcg gh QCrh dl nh ßu;h vk;h cgqfj;k Hkyk,sls fnu p<+s rd lksrh gsa u;h irksg dk tkxuk rks eqxsz dh ck x ls Hkh igys gksrk gsa ge yksx Hkh irksg FksA D;k et+ky fd gekjk tkxuk dksbz ns[k ysa gs Hkxoku! ;g dslk le; vk x;k\ u ykta u xsjr! u fpurk! u fqfdj! vksj mbdj dsls tegkbz ys jgh gs\lkeus csbd esa llqj csbs gsaa bls rfud Hkh g;k gs ---AÞ ¼5½ ¼4½ fu/kzurk % vkt vk/kqfudrk ds bl nksj esa c<+rh eg xkbz ds dkj.k /ku dh lel;k,d fodv lel;k ds :i esa mhkj dj lkeus vk jgh gsa izlrqr miu;kl esa Hkh ;g lel;k ns[kus dks feyrh gsa miu;kl dk ik= tekyqnhu,d fu/kzu O;fDr gs tks Bsys ij Qy cspdj viuh xqt+j clj djrk gsa mldk HkkbZ cecbz ds fdlh vkwfql es a pijklh ds in ij dk;zjr gsa,d fnu vpkud lm+d nq?kzvuk esa og?kk;y gks tkrk gsa tekyqnhu dks tc nq?kzvuk dh [kcj feyrh gs rks og rqjur bzykt ds fy, /ku,df=r djus dk iz;ru djrk gs ijurq pkjksa vksj ls mls fujk'kk gh gkfk yxrh gsa var es a gkjdj og MkW- lkgc ds le{k /ku ds fy, fxm+fxm+krk gs& esa,d&,d islk pqdk nw xk --- lkgc! HkkbZ dks cl legkj yw fqj vkidk dtz olwyus esa rfudks nsj ugha d: xk ---A vc cl vkidk gh vkljk gs ---AÞ ¼6½ ijurq MkW- lkgc Hkh mldh enn ls ihns gv tkrs gsaa ogha nwljh vksj /ku ds vhkko ds dkj.k gh glu viuh iruh tqcsnk dks [kks nsrk gsa tqcsnk xhkzorh gksrh gsa /ku ds vhkko ds dkj.k MkDVj mldk bykt djus ls lkq budkj dj nsrs gsa] ftlls og e`r;q dks izkir gks tkrh gsa ¼5½ xqamkxnhz] vigj.k vksj fqjksrh dh lel;k % xqamkxnhz vigj.k tslh lel;k, igys 'kgjksa esa gh lquus dks feyrh Fkha] ijurq vc xzkeh.k bykds Hkh blls vnwrs ugha jgs gsaa 'kgjksa dh rjg vc xk o Hkh lqjf{kr ugha jgs gsaa xqamkxnhz] ywvekj dh lel;k, vc vke gks xbz gsaa izlrqr miu;kl esa Hkh gjnso uked xqams dks lsb vehjpun ds folr`r dkjksckj dh Hkud yx xbz Fkh blfy, og lsb ls tcju /ku olwyh dk iz;ru djrk gsa lsb ds budkj djus ij og mlds iq= dk vigj.k dj ysrk gs vksj fqjksrh dh ek x djrk gs & ßrhu yk[k #i;s ysdj lsb ljuk igkm+h ds uhps egqvk xk o ds ikl pksng vizsy dh 'kke lkr cts vk tkvks rks rqegkjk iq= rqegs a thfor fey tk;sxka vxj rqeus rfud Hkh pkykdh dh ;k vkus es a dksrkgh cjrh rks fqj vius csvs dh {kr&fo{kr yk'k rq>s gkfk vk,xh ---AÞ ¼7½ lsb iqfyl dh lgk;rk ysrk gs ijurq bldh Hkud gjnso dks yx tkrh gs vksj og lsb ds iq= dks eksr ds?kkv mrkj nsrk gsa ukf;dk eqfuyk dk ifr equuhyky Hkh blh rjg ds vigj.k esa ekjk tkrk gsa 'kgj ls vk, ikvhz ds usrk tcju xk o okyksa ls pank olwyh dk dk;z djrs gsaa nqdkunkj fjtkou lkgc ds euk djus ij muds iq= izeksn dk vigj.k dj fy;k tkrk gsa mldk chp cpko djrs gq, equuhyky viuh tku xok csbrk gsa ¼6½ ehfm;k dk nks"k % izlrqr miu;kl esa ys[kd us ehfm;k ds pfj= vksj mudh Hkwfedk ij djkjh fvii.kh dh gsa vkt dk ehfm;k vius lkekftd ljksdkjks a dks R;kxdj dsoy iw th lapkfyr gksdj jg x;k gsa miu;kl dh ik= eqfuyk ;g ns[kdj pfdr jg tkrh gs fd ehfm;k okyksa us mls jkrksa jkr LVkj cuk fn;k FkkA lhkh psuyksa ij mlh dks ysdj [kcjsa fn[kk;h tk jgh FkhaA nks rhu fnu rd ;gh flyflyk pyrk jgk rc eqfuyk ikvhz dk;zdrkz 'kkjnk th ls iwnrh gs buds ikl vksj dksbz [kcj ugha] bl ij 'kkjnk mls crkrh gs fd ßvkt dh ehfm;k dk ;g lcls cm+k nks"k gs eqfuyk fd ftl ij fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls Qksdl im+ tkrk gs lc mlh ij Qksdl nsus yxrs gsa vksj tgk Qksdl dh t:jr gksrh gs ogk ugha tkrs ---A ehfm;k dk 'kgjh vksj lqfo/kkhkksxh gksus dk gh ;g izek.k gsa* ¼8½ ¼7½ tkfrokn % tkfrokn gekjs lekt dk,d,slk dks<+ gs] tks lekt dks Hkhrj ls [kks[kyk dj nsrk gsa Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa tkfrokn fdruk izcy gsa bldk Toyar mnkgj.k gesa izlrqr miu;kl esa ns[kus dks feyrk gsa yksdlsod ikvhz ds nksuksa usrk iou vksj 'kjn,d tkfroknh yqvsjs] fgeky; flag dks viuh tkfr dk fljeksj ekurs gq, mldh izfrek dh LFkkiuk dk iz;kl djrs gsaa og yksxksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, dgrs gsa ßgekjh tkfr okyks a dh uhan nsj ls [kqyh gsa ftu tkfr;ks a us igys gh vius dks Research Link - An International Journal Vol - XVI (1) March

6 laxfbr dj fy;k] ns[k yhft,] vkt mudh flfkfr D;k gs\ lÿkk esa os cus gq, gsa cm+s&cm+s inksa ij muds yksx vklhu gsa ---A jkt; es a eq[;ea=h ls ysdj dsunz ds vusd egroiw.kz fohkkxks a ds eu=h rd ogh gsaa bl ekeys esa ge muls vhkh cgqr ihns gsa ---A ge etcwrh ls laxfbr gks tk, rks jkt; ljdkj ls gekjh egroiw.kz Hkkxhnkjh ls dksbz gesa oafpr ugha dj ldrk ---AÞ ¼9½ bl rjgj ls og tkfr dks jktuhfr esa mpp in gkfly djus dk tfj;k ekurs gsaa ¼8½ jktusfrd Hkz"Vkpkj % vkt dh jktuhfr LokFkZ,oa ladh.kzrk ds nyny esa Qalh gqbz gsa jktusrk turk dh lqj{kk dks nko ij yxkdj dsoy viuk LokFkZ lk/kus dk iz;ru dj jgs gsaa izlrqr miu;kl esa ys[kd us,l-ds-flag tsls usrkvksa ds t?ku; d`r; dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, Hkz"V usrkvksa dh Nfo ij djkjk O;aX; fd;k gsa,l-ds-flag tslk usrk tks fd ljdkjh fohkkx ds cm+s vqlj gsa ljdkjh [ktkus dks ywv&ywv dj viuk?kj Hkjrs gsaa muds bl?k`f.kr dk;z esa og vdsys ugha cfyd ofj"b vf/kdkjh Hkh layxu gsa miu;kl dh eq[; ik= eqfuyk tks fd,l-ds-flag ds?kj dh uksdjkuh gs dks muds dk;ks Za ij 'kq: ls gh 'kd Fkk ijurq fdlh Bksl lcwr ds vhkko es a og pqi jgrh gsa ijurq,d fnu tc?kj dk uksdj 'kkew lm+d gknls esa?kk;y gks tkrk gs rks mldh [kkst [kcj ysus flok; eqfuyk ds dksbz ugha tkrka eqfuyk dks viuk fgrs"kh tkurs gq,,d fnu 'kkew eqfuyk dks lkjh lppkbz crk nsrk gsa ßekfyd,l-ds-flag ftl fohkkx ds cm+s vqlj gsa] ml fohkkx ds uke ij ljdkjh [ktkus dks nksuksa gkfkks a ls ywv jgs gsa ---A muds Åij tks usrk&eu=h gsa lc bl ywv esa feys gq, gsa lcds esy feyki ls gh gksrk gsa vc tc ljdkjh [ktkus dks dksbz ywvus yxs rks mldh nksyr dk D;k iwnuk ---\ ekfyd ds uhps,d NksVk lkgc FkkA Å bls jksduk pkgrk FkkA cl],d 'kke vkwfql ls?kj yksv jgk Fkk fd jklrs es a gh Å xk;c gks x;ka fqj vkt rd mldk vrk&irk ugha pyk ---A bl ywv dk ftø Qkbyksa esa FkkA ljdkjh [ktkus ls fy[kk i<+h ds ckn gh #i;s fudyrs gsaa bl ij ekfyd vksj muds efu=;ksa us vhkh finys gh lky vkx yxok fn;ka lc dkxt&iÿkj ty x;sa gyyk epok fn;k fd fctyh ds rkjksa ds ym+us ls vkx yxh ---A ¼10½ eqfuyk ;g lc lqudj LrC/k jg tkrh gsa og ;g fu.kz; dj ysrh gs fd og tkudj iki dh Hkkxh ugha cusxha tyn gh og ^tufgr lsokny ikvhz* ls feydj,l-ds-flag ds?kj Nkik ejok nsrh gsa tgk ls mugsa dbz rjg ds lansgklin dkxt+kr vksj udnh izkir gksrh gsa muds?k`f.kr dk;ksaz dk fpîk [kksyus ds fy, ;g dkqh FkkA ¼9½ vu/kfo'okl dh lel;k % izlrqr miu;kl esa Hkh vu/kfo'okl dh lel;k rc ns[kus dks feyrh gs] tc xk o esa egkekjh QSy tkrh gsa xk o okyksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd ;g ^lhryk eb;k* dk izdksi gsa >ksim+iíh ds cqtqxks Za us ogk dh jhr ds vuqlkj uhe xk N dh ^lhryk eb;k* ds ikl nk: dh cksry Bjdkdj,d eqxs Z dh cfy nh rkfd ^lhryk eb;k* dks [kq'k djds bl egkekjh ls os cp lds aa ijurq,slk dqn ugha gqvka tks bl vu/kfo'okl dks >Vddj 'kgj bzykt ds fy, pys x, og cp x,a tks ugha x, og ekjs x,a miu;kl dh eq[; ik= eqfuyk Hkh bl egkekjh dh pisv esa vk tkrh gsa igys rks og fcydqy fgeer gkj pqdh Fkh ijurq equhyky ds t+ksj nsus ij og 'kgj esa bzykt ds fy, rs;kj gks tkrh gsa dqn fnuksa esa og fcydqy vpnh gksdj vk tkrh gsa fu"d"kz ds :i esa ge ;g dg ldrs gsa fd feffkys'oj th,d izfrhkk'kkyh ys[kd gs a] ftugks aus xzkeh.k thou dh lel;kvks a ij isuh n`f"v Mkyrs gq, ckjhdh ls mudk o.kzu fd;k gs vksj blds lkfk&lkfk 'kgjh thou dh folaxfr;ks a dh Hkh csckd im+rky dh gsa lanhkz % ¼1½ feffkys'oj % ekvh dgs dqegkj ls] i` ¼2½ ogh] i` ¼3½ ogh] i` ¼4½ ogh] i` ¼5½ ogh] i` ¼6½ ogh] i` ¼7½ ogh] i` ¼8½ ogh] i` ¼9½ ogh] i` ¼10½ ogh] i` Research Link - An International Journal Vol - XVI (1) March

7 a Since March 2002 R esearch Paper An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 156, Vol - XVI (1), March , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor ceeref[ùee Deewj yee]peej Øemlegle MeesOehe$e ceeref[ùee Deewj yee]peej kesâ Debleme&cyebOeeW hej DeeOeeefjle nw~ ceeref[ùee, meceepe keâe cenljehetce& Debie nw~ ceeref[ùee ueesieew keâes mjeleb$elee keâer mener DevegYetefle keâjjeelee nw~ Jele&ceeve meceùe cew yee]peej hetce&le: ceeref[ùee hej efveye&j nw~ Jemlegle: yeepeej keâe pees mje he nceejs meeceves nw, Jen ceeref[ùee keâer ner osve nw~ JewefÕekeâ mlej hej hetje efjeõe Ùeefo yee]peej keâe he OeejCe keâj Ûegkeâe nw, lees Ùen ceeref[ùee keâe ner Øeefleheâue nw~ meceepe kesâ ØelÙeskeâ #es$e cew ceeref[ùee ves Deheveer peì[w ienjer keâer nw~ MeeÙeo ner meceepe cew Ssmee keâesf& nesiee, pees Fmemes ØeYeeefJele ve nesiee/ ceeref[ùee Deewj yee]peej oesveew keâe hejmhej mecyeboe neslee nw~ Ùeefo ceeref[ùee yee]peej keâes yeveelee nw, lees otmejer lejheâ GefÛele efveoxmeve lelee F&ceeveoejer kesâ DeYeeJe kesâ keâejce mjeùeb yee]peej keâer Jemleg Yeer yeve peelee nw~ DeeOegefvekeâ Ùegie cew yee]peej ves ceeref[ùee kesâ ceeoùece mes ncew yengle mes efjekeâuo os efos nq, efpememes nceeje peerjeve yengle megiece nes ieùee nw~ hejbleg, yee]peej cew ceeref[ùee peneb mekeâejelcekeâ Yetefcekeâe efveyee jne nw, JeneR otmejer Deesj Fmekeâe Skeâ vekeâejelcekeâ he#e Yeer nw~ Fmeer keâejce nce Deheves mecyeboeew keâes yee]peej keâer Âef mes Deebkeâves ueies nq~ ceeref[ùee ves yee]peej keâes ceneve Deewj ceveg<ùe keâes ieewce yevee efoùee nw~ Fmeer heefjøes#ùe cew ceeref[ùee Deewj yee]peej pewmes efje<eùe hej DeOÙeÙeve keâjvee nceeje keâle&jùe Yeer nw Deewj meceùe keâer ceebie Yeer nw~ Jevovee Mecee& ehfm;k olrqr% tulapkj dk og ek/;e gs] ftlds }kjk lekt dk euksjatu rfkk Kkuo)Zu gksrk gsa ehfm;k fdlh Hkh yksdrkfu=d izfø;k dk vfhkuu vax gksrk gsa bls yksdru= dk pksfkk LrEHk ekuk x;k gsa U;k;ikfydk] fo/kkf;dk] dk;zikfydk,oa ehfm;k dk fej.k yksdra= gsa ;s lc vius&vius dk;z {ks= esa Lora= gsa] tuleqnk; ds izfr mrrjnk;h gsa lwpuk] Kku] euksjatu ehfm;k dk nkf;ro gsa,mfou,ejh ds vuqlkj] ^^tulapkj,d O;fDr ls nwljs dks lwpukvksa] fopkjksa vksj n`f"vdks.kksa dks leizsf"kr djus dh,d dyk gsa** ehfm;k lekt dk vkbzuk gs vksj tkx`fr ykus dk tfj;k Hkh gsa ehfm;k euq"; dk ifk&izn'kzu Hkh djrk gsa tc jsfm;ks] Vsyhfot+u dk;zøeks a dks ekuo ns[krk gs] rks mlesa jks'kuh dh fdj.k iztofyr gksrh gsa ehfm;k lekt dk egùoiw.kz vax gsa lapkj&økafr vksj lwpuk&økafr us bddhloha lnh ds orzeku :i&jax dks gh izhkkfor ugha fd;k gs] cfyd og bl lnh dk Hkfo"; Hkh vius esa lesvs gq, gsa vkt lapkj Økafr ds tfj, ubz lwpuk rduhd ls jktusfrd] lkekftd] vkffkzd lhkh {ks=ksa esa tcjnlr ifjorzu vk;k gsa euq"; dh thou 'ksyh rfkk mlds ewy;ksa esa Hkh Økafrdkjh cnyko blh rduhd dh nsu gsa lekt ds izr;sd {ks= esa ehfm;k us viuh tm+s tek;h gqbz gsaa 'kk;n gh lekt dk dksbz O;fDr gs tks mldh lhek esa ugha vkrka ckt+kj ehfm;k ds ek/;e ls iwjs fo'o ij viuk vkf/kir; tek, gq, gsa osf'od Lrj ij fo'o ;fn ckt+kj dk :i /kkj.k dj pqdk gs rks ;g ehfm;k dk gh izfrqy gsa,d le; Fkk] tc euq";ksa dh t:jr vuqlkj pht+ksa dks cuk;k tkrk Fkk] ijurq vc ckt+kj es a olrq, igys vkrh gs a] mlds mijkur ehfm;k ds izpkj&izlkj }kjk tu&tu esa mldh t:jr isnk dh tkrh gsa cgqjk"vªh; deifu;ksa ds izos'k vksj ckt+kjksueq[kh izo`fùk dh vksj >qdrs i= lewgksa us fokkiuksa ds tfj, vkneh dh mihkksdrkoknh ykylkvksa dks txkdj ^Xykscy lald`fr* dk izpkj fd;k gsa ehfm;k fokkiuksa ds ek/;e ls iwjs fo'o esa ckt+kjokn dks c<+kok ns jgk gsa T;knkrj fokkiu Hkkjr ds lanhkz es a ^Hkksx foykl* dh pht+ks a ls lecfu/kr gksrs gsaa ckt+kj ds c<+rs izpkj ds dkj.k ge viuh ewy lald`fr vfkok izkd`frd leink dks Hkwyrs tk jgs gsaa mnkgj.k ds rksj ij ge dksyxsv dks ysrs gsa] tks nkarksa dks lkq djus ds fy, blrseky dh tkrh gsa bl rjg ds vufxur izksmdv vkus ls ge tks izkd`frd laink }kjk mriuu izlk/kuksa ls oafpr gks jgs gsaa,d le;,slk vk,xk fd ge bu ism+ksa ds ykhk rks D;k buds uke Hkh Hkwy tk,xsa [kkus&ihus ls ysdj iguus vks<+us rd ge olrq ds cszum dks dsunz esa j[krs gs u fd mldh xq.kork dksa ckt+kj rfkkk ehfm;k dks tksm+us okyh izeq[k d<+h fokkiu gsa vkt ehfm;k ckt+kj ds gkfkks a dh dbiqryh cu pqdk gsa iw thifr;ks ds gkfkks a fcd pqdk gsa vius futh ykhk gsrq ehfm;k }kjk pht+ks a dk izpkj&izlkj djok;k tk jgk gsa os'ohdj.k ds bl nksj esa fokkiu daifu;k vkneh dh dqfrlr vksj fud`"v izo`fùk;ksa dks mhkkjdj mriknu cspus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh gsa mugsa blls dksbz eryc ugha fd vkeqd fokkiu&lans'k Hkkjrh; lald`fr ;k ijeijkvks a heer-sûe.[er.meesoeúe$ee SJeb leole& DeOÙeeefhekeâe, efnvoer efjeyeeie, peccet efjeõeefjeåeeueùe, peccet (peccet SJeb keâmceerj) Research Link - An International Journal Vol - XVI (1) March

8 s esa fdruk csesy lkfcr gks jgk gsa fizav,oa bysdvªkfud ehfm;k esa fokkiu Hkh cgqjk"vªh; daifu;ksa ds eky dks cspus ds fy, fo'oxzke dh ifjdyiuk ds vuqlkj ^osf'od lald`fr* ¼Xykscy lald`fr½ dk gh lgkjk ysrs gs aa cgqjk"vªh; deifu;ks a dk viuk dksbz ewy; ugha gksrka mudk,d gh mís'; gksrk gs& ^eky cspks] islk dekvks*a vkt ds vfkzdsfunzr euq"; esa vfkksziktzu dh gksm+ yxh gqbz gsa euq"; dks viuh vkrek dks rkd ij D;ksa u j[kuk im+ s] ysfdu LokFkZ gh mlds fy, lokszifj cu x;k gsa dqeqn 'kekz dk dguk gs] ^^vkt dh fgunh i=dkfjrk us ckt+kjokn dk fl)kur fn;k gsa ^ckt+kj* dk vkn'kz ijkslk gs] ^vkbfm;y ckt+kj* ds n'kzu djk, gs aa blh [kks[kys vkn'kz dks Lohdkj dj vkt O;fDr vius rd gh lhfer gksrk pyk tk jgk gsa lekt im+kslh euq";] ns'k vksj izd`fr ls mlds vkreh; fj'rs /khjs&/khjs [kre gksrs tk jgs gsaa vkt fizav ehfm;k dks ckt+kjkueq[kh :i fn;k tk jgk gsa** bysdvªkfud ehfm;k ds }kjk mihkksdrk lald`fr dks c<+k;k tk jgk gsa vktdy vla[; csolkbv,slh gs ;gk ls bavjusv ij gh lkeku [kjhnk cspk tkrk gsa gkse'kkwi] QfyidkVZ] LuSiMhy] vkfn,slh vkwuykbu csolkbv gsa ftuds }kjk yksxks a dks yykf;r dj olrq, [kjhnus ij foo'k fd;k tkrk gsa pht+ a bl izdkj izlrqr dh tkrh gsa fd t:jr u gksus ij Hkh pht+ks a dks [kjhnk tk jgk gsa bruk gh ugha ehfm;k }kjk ckt+kj dks QSykus gsrq fokkiu es a cm+h&cm+h gflr;ks a }kjk izpkj&izlkj djokrh gsa pfpzr vfhkusrk vferkhk cppu] 'kkg#[k vkfn rfkk fødsv flrkjs lfpu] /kksuh] fojkv vkfn ds izn'kzu }kjk lkeku dks foø; ;ksx; cuk;k tkrk gsa fokkiuksa ds t+fj, vkneh dh mihkksdrkoknh ykylkvksa dks txkdj ^Xykscy lald`fr* dk izpkj fd;k gsa nsfud i=ksa dh Hkwfedk Hkh lafnx/kr gks xbz gsa os'ohdj.k vksj vkffkzd mnkjhdj.k ds nksj esa nsfud i=ks a dk vius cqu;knh lkekftd ljksdkjks a ls xgjk yxko de gksrk tk jgk gs& vf'k{kk] csjkst+xkjh] xjhch] Hkw[k] Hkz"Vkpkj] vu;k;] 'kks"k.k] dqiks"k.k] tkfr;rk] ys afxd HksnHkko vksj lkeiznkf;drk tsls cqfu;knh lkekftd ljksdkj vc fganh nsfudksa dh izkfkfedrk esa 'kkfey gsa ehfm;k fcdkå gksrk tk jgk gs] v[kckjks a es a ism U;wt+ Hkh Nirh gsaa XykscykbZt+ s'ku ds izhkko ls mith rduhdh ØkfUr us ehfm;k ds iwjs Lo#i vksj pfj= es a gh vk/kkjhkwr ifjorzu dj fn, gsaa lapkj ØkfUr us ehfm;k dks cgqr 'kfdr'kkyh rks cuk fn;k] fdurq cgqjk"vªh; daifu;ksa us bl 'kfdr dk iz;ksx vius ykhk&fgr es a fd;k gsa fo'o dh fofhkuu lald`fr;ks a vksj vfkzo;olfkkvks a dk,d gh eap ij Xykscy,dhdj.k blh dk ifj.kke gsa eqnz.k fizav ehfm;k ds fodkl us vfhko;fdr ds :iksa dh i)fr vksj izfø;k dks gh cny fn;k] ehfm;k cgqjk"vªh; iw th ij fuhkzj gs mldh t:jrksa ds vuqlkj <yrk x;k vksj chloha lnh ds vafre n'kdksa esa bysdvªkfud ehfm;k ds folqksvd izlkj us Hkkjrh; tu lk/kkj.k dh lksp laosnuk vksj dyiuk dks gh cny fn;ka bl u, ehfm;k us iqjkus ehfm;k :i dks gh cny fn;ka Hkkjrh; bysdvªkfud ehfm;k vc iwjh rjg ckt+kj ds opzlo vksj,dkf/kdkj esa gsa ckt+kj dk mís'; vf/kdre ykhk vftzr djuk jg x;k gs] tks euksjatu dks /;s; ekurk gs] ftlus ckt+kj ds mihkksdrkvks a dh t:jrksa ds vuqlkj luluh vksj mùkstuk isnk djus okys [ksy elrh ds dk;zøeks a ds <sj yxk fn, gsaa lsdl] fgalk] jgl;&jksekap vkfn dks egùo fn;k tk jgk gsa ehfm;k }kjk gr;k&cykrdkj tsls t?ku; d`r; Hkh ^LVksjh* cukdj csps tk jgs gsaa,sls es a mlds ikl ewy;ksa dh ijokg dh dksbz vfuok;zrk ugha jg xbz gsa MkW- 'ksytk Hkkj}kt ds vuqlkj] ^^ehfm;k ij ckt+kjokn gkoh gks pqdk gs D;ksafd jkt; us Lo;a dks ehfm;k Lora=rk dh vksv esa glr{ksi ls vxy dj fn;k gsa ehfm;k lkekftd nkf;ro dh txg O;kikj cu x;k gs ftlls vla[; psuyks a es a,d nwljs ls vkx jgus ¼Vh-vkj-ih- jsfvax½ dh gksm+ yxh gs] QyLo:i,d&nwljs dh udy vksj,d&nwljs dks fod`r cukus dk iz;kl gks jgk gsa vius xfjeke; in ls L[kfyr gks jgs gsaa** ehfm;k orzeku le; esa ldkjkred rfkk udkjkred nksuks a :iks a es a mhkj dj lkeus vk jgk gsa bl rjg ls cgqjk"vªh; deifu;k eqdr ckt+kj ds uke ij fokkiu ds t+fj,,d d`f=e vksj vlfkk;h iw th dk ckt+kj [km+k dj jgh gs] ftlesa vke mihkksdrk Qalrk pyk tk jgk gsa Hkkjrh ehfm;k pkgs og bysdvªkfud ehfm;k gks ;k fizav ehfm;k nksuks a dk gh ls)kafrd Lo:i jk"vªh; lerk v[k.mrk vksj laizhkqrk cuk, j[kus ds mís'; ds lkfk&lkfk ns'k dh turk esa lkald`frd] jktusfrd vksj vkffkzd n`f"v ls,d vuqdwy vksj izsjd lksp isnk djuk gh mldk mís'; gksuk pkfg,a vk/kqfud ;qx es a ckt+kj us ehfm;k ds ek/;e ls gesa cgqr ls fodyi ns fn;s gsa ftlls gekjk thou cm+k lqxe gks x;k gs] ijurq ckt+kj esa ehfm;k tgk ldkjkred Hkwfedk fuhkk jgk gs] ogha nwljh vksj bldk,d udkjkred i{k Hkh gsa blh dkj.k ge vius laca/kks a dks ckt+kj dh n`f"v ls vkadus yxs gsaa ;g lp gs fd ehfm;k vksj ckt+kj nksuksa dk ijlij lecu/k gksrk gsa ;fn ehfm;k ckt+kj dks cukrk gs rks nwljh rjq mfpr funsz'ku rfkk bzekunkjh ds vhkko ds dkj.k Lo;a ckt+kj dh olrq Hkh cu tkrk gsa fdlh Hkh yksdrkfu=d jk"vª esa ehfm;k dh lfø; Hkkxhnkjh mldk fuekz.k,oa fodkl djrh gs] rks ehfm;k dh vusfrdrk vksj O;olkf;d ;qxyoanh vjktdrk dks c<+kok Hkh nsrh gsa ehfm;k us ckt+kj dks egku vksj euq"; dks xks.k cuk fn;k gsa blh ifjizs{k esa ehfm;k vksj ckt+kj tsls fo"k; ij ppkz djuk gekjk dùkzo; Hkh gs vksj le; dh ek x HkhA lanhkz % ¼1½ fej] MkW- punz izdk'k % lapkj vksj lapkj ek/;e] i`- 50- ¼2½ 'kekz] dqeqn % Hkwe.Myhdj.k vksj ehfm;k] i` ¼3½ Hkkj}kt] MkW- 'ksytk % fgunh lkfgr; esa ;qx cks/k] i` Research Link - An International Journal Vol - XVI (1) March