EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF THE FRUIT OF SEVERAL HOT PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) CULTIVARS. Introduction

Transkrypt

1 Roczniki Akdemii Rolniczej w Poznniu CCCLX (2004) ANNA GOLCZ, PAWEŁ KUJAWSKI EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF THE FRUIT OF SEVERAL HOT PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) CULTIVARS From Deprtment of Horticulturl Plnts Nutrition The August Cieszkowski Agriculturl University of Poznń ABSTRACT. The iologicl vlue of the fruit of hot pepper five cultivrs: Cyklon, Orkn, Wulkn, Chillin nd Devill ws compred. It ws found tht the qulity prmeters depend on the cultivr. The highest content of dry mss ws identified in cv. Wulkn nd the lowest one in cv. Chillin. On the other hnd, the highest yield of dry mss, cpsicinoids nd crotenoids ws found in cultivrs Devill nd Chillin. A significnt positive correltion etween the content of dry mss nd cpsicinoids ws found in Polish cultivrs: Cyklon, Orkn nd Wulkn. Independently of the cultivr the fruit of hot pepper ccumulted the gretest mounts of potssium nd nitrogen. Key words: hot pepper, cultivr, the iologicl vlue of fruit Introduction The fruit of hot pepper (Cpsicum nnuum L.) contin gret mounts of cpsicinoids, C vitmin, crotenoids nd flvonoids pigments (Buczkowsk et l ), sugrs nd minerl components (Buicz et l. 1999, Peruck 1995). Cpsicinoids nd their derivtives give shrp crid tste (Buczkowsk et l ) nd show high iologicl ctivity. They re known for their phrmcologicl, neurologicl nd dietetic ctions (Peruck 1995). The im of the presented studies ws to compre the iologicl vlue nd the content of minerl components in the fruit of three indigenous cultivrs ( Cyklon, Orkn, Wulkn ) nd two foreign cultivrs ( Chillin nd Devill ) of hot pepper. Rocz. AR Pozn. CCCLX, Ogrodn. 38: Wydwnictwo Akdemii Rolniczej im. August Cieszkowskiego w Poznniu, Poznń 2004 PL ISSN

2 38 A. Golcz, P. Kujwski Mteril nd methods The studied cultivrs of hot pepper were grown in the identicl conditions with the ppliction of the sme grotechnicl tretments. The fruit were hrvested once in the phse of their physiologicl mturity in the third decde of August. The chemicl composition of the fruit ws nlysed in the lortories of the Horticulturl Plnt Nutrition nd Plnt Physiology Deprtments. Bulk smple of fruit were tken from every comintion. The plnt mteril ws dried t ±35 C nd homogenized. Susequently, it ws extrcted in 2% CH 3 COOH (Nowosielski 1988). The following determintions were crried out: P y colorimetric method with mmonium vndic-molydte; K, C, N photometriclly; Mg y tomic spectrometry sorption method; S-SO 4, Cl y nephelometric method. After wet minerliztion of plnt mteril in concentrted sulphoslicilic cid, totl nitrogen ws determined y Kjeldhl s method. Dry mss ws determined y the drying nd weighing method. Cpsicinoids were identified colorometriclly with mmonium vndte ccording to Polish phrmcope IV (1970) nd crotenoids were determined colorometriclly (Buczek 1996). Sttisticl nlyses were clculted using Duncn s test t the significnce level of α = Results nd discussion On the sis of n nlysis of the otined results, it ws shown tht dry mss of fruits differed significntly depending on the cultivr (Tle 1). The gretest content of dry mss in fruit ws found in cv. Wulkn (22.81%) nd the lest content ws shown y cv. Chillin (11.64%). Dt contined in the literture report tht the dry mss content ws from ±11% (Buicz et l. 1981, Orłowski et l. 2003) to ±13% (Buczkowsk nd Njd 2002)while in our studies, the verge content of dry mss ws higher mounting to 15.76%. Polish cultivrs: Cyklon, Orkn nd Wulkn contined more dry mss thn foreign cultivrs: Chillin nd Devill. An opposite regulrity ws recorded in the yield of dry mss. Cpsicine nd its derivtives re synthesized in the erly developmentl phses of fruit (Węglrz 1994). On the other hnd, there re contrdicting opinions regrding the period when the content of these compounds reches the mximum. Some reserchers rgue (Buicz et l. 1981) tht the mount of cpsicine in developed fruit is mintined on n equl level. Blim (1965), Michn (1968) reported tht the highest vlue of cpsicine is reched in the full colour phse nd in the physiologicl mturity of fruit. The content of cpsicine oscilltes etween 0.12 nd 1.69% (Nowiński 1983). The Polish stndrd requires not less thn 0.18% of this lkloid (Polish phrmcope IV 1970).

3 Evlution of the iologicl vlue of the fruit Selected prmeters of fruit qulity of five hot pepper cultivrs Wyrne prmetry jkości owoców pięciu odmin ppryki ostrej Tle 1 Dry mtter Such ms Items Cech content zwrtość (%) yield (g plnt -1 ) plon (g rośl. -1 ) Cultivr Odmin Cyklon Orkn Wulkn Chillin Devill * c 61.7 d 63.7 c cd e d 69.8 Men Średni NIR α Cpsicinoids Kpsicynoidy content (% d.m.) zwrtość (% s.m.) yield (mg plnt -1 ) plon (mg rośl. -1 ) c c Crotenoids Krotenoidy content zwrtość (mg %) yield (mg plnt -1 ) plon (mg rośl. -1 ) *Mens followed y the sme letters re insignificntly different. *Średnie oznczone tymi smymi litermi nie różnią się istotnie. The content of cpsicine depends minly on the cultivr. It is lso modified y such fctors s climte, cultivtion conditions, grotechnicl tretments, drying re storge of fruit (Buicz et l. 1981, Lewndowski 1992, Buczkowsk et l ). In the studies, the men vlue of cpsicinoids ws 0.207% d.m. The highest sttisticlly significnt contents nd yield of cpsicinoids were otined in cultivrs Chillin nd Wulkn, nd slightly lower contents, not significntly differing etween ech other, were found in cv. Devill nd cv. Chillin. The lowest content of this lkloid ws shown y cv. Orkn. Buicz et l. (1981) showed close correltion etween the content of cpsicine nd dry mss. In our studies, this regulrity ws confirmed in the Polish cultivrs Wulkn, Cyklon nd Orkn (Fig. 1). In cse of heterotic cultivrs Devill nd Chillin, such correltion did not occur, which corresponds with literture dt (Michn 1968).

4 40 A. Golcz, P. Kujwski g plnt -1 g roślin -1 0,35 Cpsicinoids (% d.m.) Kpsicynoidy (% s.m.) 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 y = 0.023x r = 0.77 c c y = 0.005x r = , Dry mtter (%) Such ms (%) Polish cultivrs odminy polskie foreign cultivrs odminy zgrniczne Fig. 1. Correltion etween the content of dry mtter nd cpsicinoids in the fruit of severl hot pepper cultivrs Ryc. 1. Korelcj między zwrtością suchej msy i kpsicynoidów w owocch wyrnych odmin ppryki ostrej The colour of fruit depends on the presence of crotenoidl nd flvonoidl pigments. The content of crotenoids in the physiologiclly mture fruit oscilltes etween 2.82 nd 3.10 mg % (Michn 1966). In our studies, the men content of crotenoids ws 2.47 mg %. The gretest content of crotenoids ws found in cv. Cyklon 3.57 mg % nd in cv. Devill 3.21mg %, while the lest content ws shown y cv. Chillin 1.59 mg %. Chemicl composition of fruits of five hot pepper cultivrs Skłd chemiczny owoców pięciu odmin ppryki ostrej Nutrient content Cultivr Odmin Zwrtość skłdnik Cyklon Orkn Wulkn Chillin Devill Tle 2 Men Średni N-totl N-ogółem P K C Mg N Cl S-SO

5 Evlution of the iologicl vlue of the fruit The fruit of hot pepper were chrcterized y high mount of minerl components (Rumińsk 1981). Independently of the cultivr fruit, contined the gretest mounts of potssium nd nitrogen, significntly less chlorine nd minerl mount of phosphorus, mgnesium, clcium, sulphte nd sodium (Tle 2). There occurred gret differences etween the cultivrs in the chemicl composition. In comprison to the others studied cultivrs the fruit of cv. Wulkn contined the gretest mount of totl N, mgnesium nd sodium. The fruit of Chillin ccumulted significnt mounts of chlorine, clcium nd sodium, while the fruit of Devill ccumulted potssium, phosphorus nd sulphtes. The lest mounts of mgnesium were recorded in Cyklon nd the lest mount of chlorine nd sulphtes were shown y cv. Orkn. Conclusions 1. In the fruit of hot pepper, the content of dry mss, cpsicinoids, crotenoids nd minerl components ws diversified depending on the cultivr. 2. Cultivr Wulkn ws distinguished y the gretest (22.8%) mount of dry mss, while Chillin showed the lest content (11.6%) of it. 3. In cultivrs Devill nd Chillin, the gretest yields of dry mss, cpsicinoids nd crotenoids were otined s compred to Cyklon, Orkn nd Wulkn cultivrs. 4. A significnt positive correltion ws found etween the content of dry mss nd cpsicinoids in Polish cultivrs, while negtive correltion ws shown etween the foreign cultivrs. 5. The fruit of hot pepper, independent of the cultivr, ccumulte the gretest mounts of totl N, while the mounts of Cl, P, Mg, S-SO 4, C nd N re ccumulted in significntly lesser degree. References Blim K. (1965): Swoiste sustncje roślin uprwnych. PWRiL, Wrszw. Buicz M., Korzeń A., Peruck I. (1981): Wpływ nwożeni potsowego n zwrtość kwsu α-skorinowego, β-krotenu i kpsicyny w owocch ppryki. Rocz. Nuk Roln. 104: Buicz M., Peruck I., Mterck M. (1999): Zwrtość iopierwistków w owocch wyrnych odmin ppryki słodkiej i ostrej (Cpsicum nnuum L.). Biul. Mgnezol. 4, 2: Buczek J. (1996): Ćwiczeni z fizjologii roślin. Wyd. Uniw. Wroc., Wrocłw. Buczkowsk H., Dyduch J., Njd A. (2001 ): Ksztłtownie się zwrtości niektórych skłdników chemicznych w owocch ppryki ostrej w zleżności od odminy i wielokrotności zioru. Zesz. Nuk. AT-R Bydg. 234, Roln. 46: Buczkowsk H., Dyduch J., Njd A. (2001 ): Wpływ odminy orz wrunków pogodowych n plon suchej msy i ilość kpsicynoidów z owoców ppryki ostrej. Ann. Univ. Mrie Curie-Sklodowsk Sect. EEE 9: Buczkowsk H., Njd A. (2002): A comprison of some chemicl compounds in the fruit of sweet nd hot pepper (Cpsicum nnuum L.). Foli Hortic. 14, 2: Lewndowski A. (1992): Nowe odminy pieprzowc rocznego i ostropestu plmistego. Wid. Zielr. 6:

6 42 A. Golcz, P. Kujwski Michn M. (1966): Ksztłtownie się niektórych skłdników chemicznych w zleżności od stopni dojrzłości owoców u kilku odmin ppryki pochodzeni zgrnicznego. Rocz. Nuk Roln. Ser. A. 91, 2: Michn M. (1968): Zwrtość kpsicyny i plon suchej msy w owocch pierwszego pokoleni mieszńców różnych odmin ppryki. Hod. Rośl. Aklim. Nsienn. 3: Nowiński M. (1983): Dzieje uprw i roślin leczniczych. PWRiL, Wrszw. Nowosielski O. (1988): Zsdy oprcowywni zleceń nwozowych w ogrodnictwie. PWRiL, Wrszw. Orłowski M., Grzeszczuk M., Jdczk D. (2003): Ocen plonowni i wrtości odżywczej wyrnych odmin ppryki ostrej (Cpsicum nnuum L.). Foli Hortic. Supl. 2: Peruck I. (1995): Efekt dziłni etefonu n wzrost roślin orz kumulcję krotenoidów i kpsicynoidów w owocch ppryki ostrej Cpsicum nnuum L. Rozpr. Nuk. AR Lul Polish phrmcope IV. T. 2. (1970). PZWL, Wrszw. Rumińsk A. (1981): Rośliny lecznicze. PWN, Wrszw. Węglrz Z. (1994): Bdni nd rozwojem i plonowniem ppryki rocznej (Cpsicum nnuum L.) odminy Bronowick ostr w wrunkch częściowego zniesieni domincji wierzchołkowej roślin. Rozpr. Nuk. Monogr. SGGW 175: OCENA WARTOŚCI BIOLOGICZNEJ OWOCÓW KILKU ODMIAN PIEPRZOWCA ROCZNEGO (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) Streszczenie Porównywno wrtość iologiczną owoców pięciu odmin pieprzowc rocznego: Cyklon, Orkn, Wulkn, Chillin i Devill. Stwierdzono zleżność nlizownych prmetrów jkościowych od odminy. Njwiększą zwrtość suchej msy oznczono u odminy Wulkn, njmniejszą u odminy Chillin, ntomist njwiększy plon suchej msy, kpsicynoidów i krotenoidów uzyskno u odmin Devill i Chillin. Wykzno istotną dodtnią korelcję między zwrtością suchej msy i kpsicynoidów u polskich odmin Cyklon, Orkn i Wulkn. Niezleżnie od odminy owoce pieprzowc rocznego gromdziły njwięcej potsu i zotu.