UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) De poetica van Osip Mandelstam: Het metatekstuele aspect Chindine, S. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Chindine, S. (1999). De poetica van Osip Mandelstam: Het metatekstuele aspect. Amsterdam: in eigen beheer. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl) Download date: 15 Oct 2019
rjiaba BTOPAH cpopmhpobahhe H OCHOBHblE CEMAHTMHECKHE KOOP^HHATbl "AKMEHCTHHECKOH" nepciiekthbm Xy/IOïKECTBEHHOrO MHPA MAH^EJlbllJTAMA K HHCJiy ochobonojiaraiommx npnhunnob akmemcthieckofi ücwthkh, B nojihoh Mepe otpa3hbujhxca B TBOpnecTBe AxMaTOBOH, MamtejibULnraivia M TyMHJie- Ba. OTHOCHTCa CTpeMJieHHe "K OC03HaHHOMy COCTaBJieHHK) (nph BbICOKOM CTeneHH n36mpatejibhocth) HeKoero cj)parmehta "MHpoBoro ncothheckoro TeKCTa". B KOTOpblH BXOÄHJIH HJIH KOTOpblH nobtophjih H TeKCTbl CaMHX n03tob" [UuBbflH 1974: 103]. EcTecraeHHbiM cnejictbhem TaKOÖ yctahobkh (HOCHBLUCH B 6ojibiueH Mepe "npakthheckhh", xyäoxectbehhbiö, neivi CO6CTBCHHO TeopeTHnecKHH xapak- Tep) OKa3ajiacb nckjnohhtejibhaa cemhothheckaa OTKpbiTOCTb TeKCTa, npn KOTOpOH OH, OpneHTHpyHCb Ha noctohhhblh AHaJIOr HHTaT C MHbIMH TeKCTaMM, MaKCH- MajibHO akthbh3hpyet CBOH KOMMyHHKaTHBHbie cnocoôhocth H npnoöpetaet CTaTVC "npoctpahctba, B KOTOpOM KOHKVpHpyeT MHO>KeCTBO KyJIbTypHblX B03MO/K- HOCTen (H nph 3TOM "o6o3pebaetca" ca\i 3TOT TCKCT)" [THMCHHHK 1981: 65]. MMCH- HO aktyajih3auhfl MeTaTeKcryajibHOH npnpojibi npoh3beaehhh nphbojnit K TOMy. HTO xy^oxectbehhbifi onbit akmehctob Ha npabax camoctohtenbhoro HHTencTa BCTpaMBaeTca B "MHPOBOH ncothneckhh TCKCT", KOTopbiM, B CBOK) onepezib, OTpa- >KeH "TCKCTOM" akmencthheckmm. OcoôbiH CMbicji B TaKOM KOHTeKCTe npho6petaet MaH^ejibiiJTaMOBCKoe pa3rpahhhehhe JiHTepaTypbi H cj)hjiojiorhm, HBHO Hecymee B ce6e abto6horpai})hheckhe nep (npw TOM, HTO H AxMaTOBa, H TyMHJieB. H ca\i MaHüejibiiiTaM B pabhoh CTeneHH nphhajuie>kajih Kan "jihtepatype", TaK H "(J)HJIO- JiorHH"): JJumepamypa - nejienue oôufecmeehhoe, (piwojiozw - nenenue domcaunee, Kaôummuoe. JJumepamypa - smo JieKUux, ynuua; (pwionozun - ynueepcumemckuü cemunapuù, cembh. JJa, umenno ymieepcumemckuü cemunapuü, zde nmrib nenoeex cinydehinoe, inaxombix dpyz c dpyzom, Ha3bieamm dpyz dpyza no umemt u omnecmey, cjiyuiaiom ceoezo npocpeccopa, a e OKHO.lejym eemeu SHüKOMUX 0epe6bee ymmepcu-
memckozo cada. (pwionozufi - smo cembx, nomomy nmo BCHKCIH cembn depwumcr na unmohaifuu u na ifumame, na KaeuHKax. CoMoe nenueo CKascihtHoe cnoeo e cembe imeem ceoù ommenok. M ôeckohenncih, ceoeo6pa3hcih, nucmo (pimonozuneckan HKxiHcupoeKci cocmaejwem <poh cemeùnoù MCU3HU [I, 223]. COôCTBCHHO robopa, xopouio H3BecTHoe MaHaejibuiTaMOBCKoe onpeaejiehhe UHTaTbi (nocny>khbiiiee CBoero po^a "onpabjiahhem" juin HHTepTeKCTyajibHbix HCCJie/bOBaHnn): Lfumama ne ecmb eunuckci. Lfumama ecmb ifiikcida. HeyMOJiKcieMocmb eü ceoùcmeenna [III, 220], - He MO)KeT He acconnnpobatbca co craxotbopehnem FyMHJieBa "KDr": B danu, om 3HOH nomepmeejioù, Ceöe u cojihify 6yÜHO pada, <...> 3eeHum HeMoimnan ifufcada [FyMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 223] '. B HanöojibiiieM CTeneHM aahhaa ocoöehhoctb HOSTHKH akmeh3ma 0Tpa3MJiacb B MannejibUJTaMOBCKOM TBopnecTBe, rnnepcemmothheckhh XapaKTep KOTOpOrO CBJOaH CO CTpyKTypHblMH H CeMaHTHieCKHMH KOOpZlMHaTaMM akmencthneckoro "TeKCTa" pycckon KyjibTypbi. KoHKpeTHbie peajihh H o6maa atmoccjiepa, conpobo>ka,abiijhe nponecc (JjopMnpoBaHHa akmem3ma Kax camocto- ATejibHoro JiMTepaTypHoro TeneHHa, octabhjin 3aMeTHbin anea He TOJibKO B CTHxax MaHjieJibiiJTaMa cepe^hhbi jiecatbix ro^ob, HO H B öojiee no3,hhem TBopiecTBe n03ta, HTO n03b0jiaet BblflBHTb KaK B03a.eHCTBHe. OKa3aHHOe TeOpeTH l ieckhmh noctpoehmamh HOBoro HanpaBJieHHH (H OTpaxeHHoe B ranwhho "akmencthheckhx" CTHxax 3Toro nepnoaa), TaK H BJIHHHHC Henocpe^cTBeHHoro oômehhh c AxMaTO- BOH H TyMMJieBblM 2. OAHHM M3 OCHOBaHMH AJIfl BblflBJieHHfl HeKOTOpblX CO/iep>KaTeJIbHblX Moaejiefi, nphcytctbyiomhx B xy#o>kectbehhom MHpe MaH^enbuiTaivia H oöjiaaabomnx BbicoKOH CTeneHbK) abtometaonhcateubhocth, MO>KeT cjiy>khtb "axmatobckaa" TeMa. TaK HJIH HHane oôhapyvkmbaiomaa ce6a Ha npothvkehmh Bcero TBopnecKoro nyra nosta. B HHCJIO uehtpanbhbix sjieiviehtob STOH TeMbi BXOAMT aatnpyeivioe 1913 rojom CTHXOTBopeHHe "AxMaTOBa" ("BnojioöopoTa, o nenanb..."), HanncaH- Hoe, no BOcnoMHHaHMflM AxMaTOBOH, no nobo^y ee HMnpoBH3npoBaHHoro BbicrynjieHHH B "Bpo^anen coöake" (CM.: [AxMaTOBa 1989a: 193]). flahhoe oôctoatejibct- BO no^nepknbaet HanojmniomyK) MaHaejibniTaMOBCKnn TCKCT KapHaBajibHO-nrpo- Byio atmoc(})epy. napnbuiyio B "aptncraneckom naöape", H abjiaet coöofi vhhkajib- Hbin npn\iep MHorocjiOHHoro npobe^ehha MOTMBa u z p bi - CTpoKn: TOK - nezodytoufafi 0edpa - Cmofuia nekozda Paiue.ib [I, 98], - oühobpemehho cojiep>kat HaivieK n Ha JHOÖOBHVK) "Hrpy" Oeapbi. H Ha aktepckyio Hrpy Paiuejin. n Ha B03HHKaK>mee B co3hahhh abtopa nrpoboe 3aMemeHHe o6pa30m AxiviaTOBon CBOHX "npe/miectbeh- HHU". ripn STOM xapaktepho, HTO npohcxojwmee Ha (J)OHe KyjibTypHO-ncTopnHec- KHx peajimh BocnpnHTHe axmatobckoh JIHHHOCTH no3bojmet BbiflBMTb eme O^HH nrpobon acnekt TeKCTa, y>ke HBHO CBsnaHHbifi c akmencthheckoh CHCTCMOH LieHHOCTefi - CM. xopomo H3BecTHoe BbiCKa3biBaHne MaH^enbLUTaMa B CTaTbe "O 16
nphpoae cjioba": PCICUH packpbuich na "&edpe" [I, 230]. MOTHB Hrpbi 3KcnjiMunpo- BaH B oöpamehhom K AxMaTOBOH ujytohhom CTMXOTBopeHHH 1911 roja: Bu xomume ôbimb uzpyiuenhoù, Ho ucnopnen Baiu 3aeod [I, 155], HTO noakpenjuetca CKpbi- TOH JiHTepaTypHOH nrpoh öojiee no3,hhhx TCKCTOB - "HepTbi Jinua ncka>kehbi..." (Kmo ckümcem, umo zumane zuôxoù Bee Myxu JJanma cyotcdemi'!'[i, 97]) n "KaccaH^pe" {EojibHan, muxcih Kaccaudpa [I, 132], PeryjiapHOCTb nphcytctbhh 3Toro MOTMBa B "axmatobckhx" CTHxax ^ejiaet BnojiHe oöochobahhbim npeanojio>kehhe o TOM, i ito B co3hahhh MaHaejibiiJTaMa cjmrypa AxMaTOBOH öbina OKpy>KeHa yct0h4wbbim HrpoBbiM, KapHaBaJibHO-3aMemaiOLUHM opeojiom, OAHOH M3 Hanöojiee a/tekbathbix (])opm Bbipa^KeHHJi KOToporo abhuacb TeaTpajibHaa o6pa3hoctb c ee. BO-nepBbix, BbICOKHMH MeTa(j)OpH3HpyiOmHMH B03MO>KHOCT5IMH H, BO-BTOpbIX, OnpenejieHHOfï nporh03hpyiomeh, "nporpammhpyiomeh" tjjyhkumeiï 3. OjHOBpeMeHHO c 3TMM, oco3hahhe aehctbmtejibhocth B HrpoBbix KaTeropnax Bnojme cootbetctbobajio akmemcthheckoh TpaAHUHH, - BO BCHKOM cjryhae, Toro ee cj)parmehta. HTO ccj)opmhpobajica B CHCTeMe n03thheckhx B3aMMOOTHOIIieHHH Me>K#y AxMaTOBOH, TyMHJie- BbiM n MaHaeJibiiiTaMOM 4. He MeHee 3HanHTejieH H TOT 4>aKT, L ITO HrpoBoe B ero lunpokom nohhmahhh Hanajio CBH3biBaeTCH y MatmejibiiiTaMa c TBOPHCCTBOM BOo6me, - Tax, B CTaTbe 1917 roaa "CKPHôHH H xpmctnahctbo", orpa/kaiomeh Ba- WHefiiuHH 3Tan ctahobjiehna TBopnecKoro MHpoB033peHH>i MaH/iejibiiiTaMa n npamo CBH3aHHOH c uejibim pajxom TeopeTMtecKHX nono>kehhh akmen3ma, OH nhiiiet: Xpucmuancxoe uckyccmeo ceoöodno. 3mo e HOJIHOM CMbicne 3tnozo c/ioea "uckyccmeopadu uckyccmea". <...> Mcxyccmeo He MOOKem ôbimb Mcepmeoù, uoo OHCI VMce coeepwiliacb, He MOMcem obitm uckyruienuem, u6o Mup emecme c xydootchuxom yotce uckyrweh, - umo Mee ocmaemen? Padocmnoe ôozooouienue, xax 6bt uzpa omya c dembmit, MCMypKU u npninxu dyxa! EoMcecmeeHHax IUUIK>3UH ucxyruienun, cuuuoucuoufcihcr e xpucmuahckom ucxyecmee, oô-bncnnemcfi uatenno amoii uzpoù c HOMU EoMcecmea <...>. BCH naiua deyxmbicsmenemwih xyjibtnypa <...> ecmb omnymenue Mupa Ha ceoôody - dm uzpu, öjih dyxoenozo eecemn [I, 202-203] 5. B ôojiee "peaniic- THHHOH" (j)opme MOTHB Hrpbi nohbjmetch B CTMXOTBopeHHH 1912 YOjyà "Notre Dame", B nepbohanajibhom pe^akuhh OKpy>KeHHbiH OTxpoBeHHbiM akmehcthhec- KMM opeojiom - CM.: Kax nexozda AdciM, mauncmeehhbiü u nepebiù, Mzpaem Mbuuifa- Mu xpecmoebiù nezxuù ceod [I. 240], - HTO nepekjimkaetca c cojiep>kamemca B "YTpe akmeh3ma" "akmencth4eckofl" xapaktephctmkofi KaMHa. KOTopbiH xax öbi COM nonpocincr e "xpecmoebiù ceod " - yuacmeoeamb e padocmnom 63auModeùcmeuu ceôe nodoôhbix [I, 178]; cp.: [Steiner 1984], [MaprojiHHa 1991]. CjiejiyromHH mar B paccmotpehhh "akmehcthheckoro" cj)parmehta MaHitejibmTaMOBCKoro xyzio>kectbehhoro Mupa MO>KeT 6biTb npeztnphhht B CBîI3H co CTHXO- 17
TBopeHHeM "OyTÔoji", TaKxe npobo/jaiuhm HJxeio Hrpbi, HO y>ke HHOM njiahe 6. KaK H3BecTHO, cymectbyiot me "KaHOHHHecKne" pejjakuhh SToro TeKCTa: nepbaa onyöjihkobaha B ahbape, a BTopaa B Hiojie 1914 ro;xa; 06e aarapyiotca 1913 roijom, HO He HMeiOT Me>KAy C060H HHnero oömero, KpoMe jie>kauiero B HX ochobe "/xeho- TaTa". OöiejiHHaeT HX TOJibKO nephoboh BapnaHT, B cj)hhajie KOToporo nocjie onncatejibhoro, nefi3a>khoro H3o6pa>KeHHa /JteTCKOM wrpbi B03HHKaiOT o6pa3bi KD^H(j)H H OjiocjjepHa (CM.: C yjibiökoü mohko-nuifemephoù ne mcik nu KOHHUKOM HOZU Had zonoeok) Onocpepna K)du(pb zjiymiuiacb [u epazu] [I, 244]), cumako öhöjicmckhh cioxet Hcnojib3yeTCfl Jinuub Kax MaTepnaji pjw BH3yajibHoro yno/j;o6jiehha KOHKpe- THbix cnopthbhbix ^ehctbhh. B üajibhefimem nephoboh TeKCT paccjiambaetcfl Ha TBe cobepuiehho caivioctoatejibhbie pcnakuhh, peajih3yiomhe cootbetctbehho "cj)yt6ojibhyk)" M "ÖHOJieiïcKyio" Teivibi, npnheivi BO BTopoM cjiynae BeTX03aBeTHaa CHMBOJiHKa nojjhhhaet ce6e Becb coiiep)katejibhbih CTpofi TeKCTa. B pe3yjibtate CBoe pa3bhthe nonynaiot 06e CMbicjioBbie JIHHHH, 3ano>KeHHbie B nepbohanajibhoh pe/xakuhh, HO xapaktepho, HTO B 6eJioBOM abtorpa(j)e "(j)yt6ojibhbih" BapnaHT nojiyhaet Ha3BaHHe "BToporo 4)yi15ojia", HTO KOCBCHHO yka3bibaet Ha öojiee BbicoKHH uehhocthbih CTaTyc BapHaHTa "ÔHÔJieficKoro". HcKJnoHHTenbHoe 3HaHeHHe /UW pekohctpykuhh BHeTeKCTOBOH CHTyaUHH, CBH3aHHOH C MaH^eJIbuiTaMOBCKHM "OyTÖOJiOM", npnoöpetaet MeiuyapHoe CBH^exejibCTBO AxMaTOBofi: "B roflbi U,exa Mbi KaK-TO 3aexajin (Kojia H a) K Ocnny HJIH 3a OcnnoM. OH Tor.ua )KHJI B I-M Kopnyce Ha BacHJibeBCKOM octpobe, HaHHMaji KOMHaTy y oq^huepa- BOcnHTaTena. OH noka3aji HaM B OKHO, rixe xa/xetbi nrpaiot B qiytöoji (Tor/ia 3TO öbijia HOBHHKa), H nponeji CTHXH "OyTÖon" - "A Ha /xbope BoeHHOH uikojibi..."" [AxMaTOBa 1989a: 189]. YcTaHOBHTb no nphbojjjhmoh AxMaTOBofi CTpoKe, HjieT JIH penb o nepbohanajibhom BapnaHTe HJIH "BTopoM qiytôojie", HCBO3MO>KHO, HO 6e3ycjiOBHO TO, HTO 3TO He "Oyrooji" "OHÖJieöcKHH". CaM >Ke qoakt KOMMeHTapna BecbMa npumenatejieh notomy, HTO B CBOHX 3anHcax o MaHJxejibiiiTaMe AxMaTOBa, KaK npabhjio, BcnoiviHHaeT Te CTHXOTBopeHHa, KOTopbie npamo HJIH KOCBCHHO oôpamehbi K Heti. BcjiencTBHe 3Toro noabjiaetca B03MO>KHOCTb npeanojio>khtb. HTO H "OyT6oJi" B ochobe CBoero rnyöhhhoro CMbicjioBoro ypobha MOxeT MMeTb CKpblTblH "akmehcthheckhh" (J50H (nphcytctbobabujhh B HeM H3HanaTbH0 HJIH o^iopmhbuuhhca B npouecce paöotbi Ha/j, 3aKJiioHHTejibHbiMH pejtakuhamh), HTO OTHacTH nottbep>knaetca KaK conoctabjiehhem MaHixejibiiiTaMOBCKoro TeKCTa c TBopnecTBOM AxMaTOBofi H TyMHJieBa, Tax H ero ahajih30m B pamkax xyao>kect- BeHHoro Miipa camoro MaH/xejibuiTaMa 7. UeHipajibHoe iviecto B co/jep>katejibhom cipoe "OyTÔojia" 3aHHMaeT MOTHB OTceneHHOH rojiobbi; uinpoko npcucrrabtehhbih B KyTbiype Hanajia BeKa, 3TOT MOTHB HMeeT caïubie pa3hoo6pa3hbie KOHHOTauHM, BOCxo/iamHe K niyöoko apxan-
neckmm MH(j)OJiorHHecKHM MCTOKaM H BO MHOJTOM onpe^eœuouuhm ocoöehhocth ero (J)yHKUMOHMpoBaHHa 8. KoHKpeTHbie cj)opmbi Bbipa>KeHHfl 3Toro MOTMBa name Bcero COOTHOCHTCH c y>ke rotobbimh KyjibTypHbiMH CTepeoTHnaMH, B TOM incne H C «OAeTaMH o K3aH(j)H H CajiOMee: MX aktyajih3auhfl HaHHHaeT npohcxo^mtb nphmepho c cepcuhhbi mbxthajxuaroro Bexa H flocraraet CBoero pacijbeta B KynbType 3anaaHoeBponeficKoro MOjepHa 9. Ilpn HCKJiiOHHTejibHO BbicoKHx CMblCJlOnopCOKHaiOUJHX B03MO)KHOCTflX 3TMX CK)>KeTOB BCETyiUHM B HX BOCnpHflTHH CTaji Jiio6oBHO-3poTH4ecKHH acnekt: pjin xyao>kectbehhoro C03HaHHa Hanana BeKa 06a CK»KeTa, OHCBM^HO, 6biJin npobo,hhmkamh njien 6opb6bi, noe.nhhka iviex/iy My"/KHHHOH H >KeHLL(HHOM, - KaK, HanpMMep, B "K)AMCJ)M" TyMMJieBa: campan 601.1 Moufeh u npexpaceh menom, Ebui zonoc y nezo, KCLK zyji cpamcenbh, M ece Mee deeyiu- KoCt He oe.aadeno ToMumejibHoe zo.ioeokpymcehbe [FyMHJieB 1991: T. 1: 182]. Xapax- TepHO, L ITO OKa3aBuiHM onpejejiehhoe BJïHHHHC Ha CTaHOBJieHHe akmehcraneckoh nosthkh He^oôpoBO y>ke B 1905 ro^y Hanau paôory Haa Tparczmefi "VDjxnfyb", r,ae MOMeHr noe/chhka nepeboflhjica B ncnxojiorhieckyio nnockoctb, - CM. ero ähcbhh- KOByio 3anHCb: "MHe B rojioby npniiijia M^ea npekpachofi Tpare/niH B CTHJie 4>paHuy3CKoro KJiaccHUH3Ma. 3arnaBHe: "K)aH(J)b" - CTHX ajrekcannphhckhh. <...> Boo6me a pa3pyiiiy npeapaccy^kh, L ITO Ojio(})epH HTO-TO rpyöoe H BCKJiOKOHeHHoe. 3TO ôyjiet cambifi H3flmHeHUJHH renepaji-ryôephatop, KOToporo TOJibKO MO>KHO nphüyiviatb. Bca Tpareuna öyjier 3aKJH04aTbCH B TOM, 4TO B TO BpeMa KaK K)jiH( )b öyjiet nymatb, HTO OHa nepexhtphjia OjiocJ)epHa H BejiwKaH repowha, nyöjihke öyjiet HCHO, HTO BenHKHH repofi >KenaHHH - Ojiocj)epH. M K),HH(j)b nrpyiuka B ero pvkax" [TMMCHHHK 1989c: 63] 10. CXCHHOH cemahthkoh HanojiHaeTca MOTHB üekanmtauhh H B nosraneckom.zuiajiore AxMaTOBOH H TyMHJieBa, HTO npe,ronpe,aejiaetca MX TBopHecTBOM Booöuje (CM., HanpHMep: [THMCHHHK 1989b; 1989d]); Tan, flahhblh MOTHB HBJlfleTCH O.HHOH H3 cj)opm MaHHCJjeCTaHHH HAËH B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTH JHOöBH H CMepTH, xapakteph3yioiueh no3th t ieckyro npakthky FyMHiieBa B aoakme- HCTHHecKHH nepnoß. OpneHTauna Ha CHMBOJiHCTCKyK) Tpa^HHHio nphbena K OC060H aktyajih3auhh TeMbi CMepTH B pahhen rymhjiebckoh no33hh (coxpahhbuihcb Ha npotfl>kehhh Bcero ero TBopnecKoro nyra), npn STOM OJHHM H3 cnocoöob ee xy.no>kectbehhoro OCBOCHHH CTajio Hcnojib30BaHHe nepcohh(j)hhnpobahhbix 06pa30B, HepeüKO HCnblTblBaiOIHHX B03,IieHCTBHe CO CTOpOHbl SpOTHHeCKOH CHMBOJiHKH (Ka, HanpHMep. B CTHXOTBopeHHflx "3a rpoöom", "CMepTb", "y>kac". 'TneHa" H up.). Flo \iepe (j)opmhpobahhh nosraneckoro MHpa TyMHJieBa CBH3b oopaiob JUOôBH H CMepTH 3aKpenJifleTCH H TpaHcnoHnpyeTC» Ha mygnhhbie ypobhh TeKCTOB, npnnem npamoe yno^oôjiehhe CMepTH jnoöobhomy HyBcrey OKa3biBaeTca oôparamo: TeMa rnôejih HaiHHaeT BbiCTynaTb B KanecTBe o6a3atejib- HOH coctabjiihomen 3poTHnecKoro Koaa (CM. "Opeji CnHAßa^a", "KoHCTaHTHHO- 19
nojib". "B ÔHÔJiHOTeKe". "JIio6oBb", "Cjiyuiafi BejieHHH Myopbix..." H MH.jip.). ÜOCpeaCTBOM COCHHHeHHfl TeMbI yrotobahhoh HejIOBeKV CMepTM H JII060BHOH wetac})ophkh B TBopnecKOM co3hahhh TyMMJieBa K Hanajiy aecfltbix rojiob CKJiajibiBaeTCfl MOTHB "cmeptejibhoh JHOöBH", o6pekaiomeh repoa Ha HeH36e-/KHVK> rn6ejib. - MOTHB, nonra oöjnatejibhbih juin nosrakh pomahth3\ia. Cnocoöbi ero TeKCTyajibHoro Bbipa>KeHHa ^OBOJibHO uinpoko BapbnpyioTCH. HO rjiabhbifi co6bi- THHHbiH KOHTyp noctohheh, nostomy o6maa ck»kethafl cxema MOJKCT 6biTb JierKO BOCCTaHOBneHa. IlepBaa H3 OCHOBHHX (J)opM npejjctabjieha chtyaunefi noejuihka, npe^nonaraioujeh conephhnectbo. 6opb6y repoa H ero "ahtarohhcta" ('TIoeiiH- HOK". "BapBapbi". "3TO 6biJio He pa3...". "Ha ropax po30bek>t CHera..."); nohth o6a3atenbhoe nopa>kehhe repon BJieneT 3a COöOH Him ero CMepTb ("noe;xhhok'\ "Oiyuiafi BejieHHH Myapbix...", "51 He 6yay Te6a npokjihhatb..."), HJIH nojihoe no^hhhehhe BOJIH repohhh ("MacKapa^". "noma,hh. He jiobojibho JIH >KajiflmeM 60JIH...". "Y KaMHHa"). BTopaa cj)op\ia MaHH(j)ecTHpoBaHa MOTHBOM 3anpeTHOH. He3aKOHHOH JIK)6BH, BneKymefi HaKa3aHne, xa3hb repoa, Hcxojunnyro no BeneHHio repohhh (CM. "AHHa KoMHeHa", "Yloji pyrcofi ybepehhofi nosta...", "UapHua"; cp. nepeocmbicjiehhbie cjiynah B "Ha KaMHHe CBena ^oropana, MHran...", "OrpaBJieH- Hbin" H noa.). 06e 3TH (j)opmbi, onpejiejunomne oco6ehhocth pa3beptbibahhh 3pora4ecKOH TeMbi B xyaoxectbehhom MHpe TyMHJieBa, Bpa,n JIH He 6biJiH 3aMeTHbi win cobpe- MeHHHKOB, B03MO/KHO, HTO OHH KaK pa3 H HaxOJWT CBOe CMbICJIOBOe "npoflojlyke- Hne" B MaHjiejibiiiTaMOBCKOM (J)yT6ojie. FlpejinojioïKeHHe o HajiHMHH B HCM ckpbitoh BHeTeKCTOBOH CHTyauHH, He 3KcnjiHHHpyeMOH ck»ketho, ^ejiaet BnojiHe o6"bachhmbim onpeziejiehhoe HecooTBeTCTBHe Me>KHy OGICKTOM onncahhh n TOH o6pa3hoh CHCTeMOH, KOTopaa nph 3TOM Hcnojib3yeTCH: aaxe ecnh, BOIICH 3a AxMaTOBofi (CM.: "Toraa 3TO 6buia HOBHHKa" [AxMaTOBa 1989a: 189]) paccmatpn- BaTb "OVTöOJI" KaK OTpaxeHHe akta "nepbobhaehhfl" (TO ectb Kan peakuhio HOCHTeiw KyjibTypHoro co3hahhfl Ha HCITO emy HeH3BecTHoe, a notomy Tpe6yiomee ocmbicjiehha B nphbbihhbix, TparumHOHHbix KaTeropnax), ynotpe6jiehhe 6n6jieHCKOH MeTacj)opHKH He Ka>KeTca 6e3ycji0BH0 onpab^ahhbim JiorHKOH camoro TeKCTa. npe^ctabjiaetch 6onee BepoHTHbiM, HTO MaaneJibuiTaMOBCKoe craxotbope- Hne CTajio CBoero pozia "penjihkon" B no3thheckom zuiajiore AxMaTOBOH n TyMHJieBa, ogbirpbibaiomeh KJUoneBbie ero coctabœnomhe B wytjihbom, napo/uni- HOM njiahe (TeM öojiee. HTO npabhjia noctpoehhfl akmencraheckoro "TeKCTa" BnojiHe aonyckajih nojioôhoe o6birpbibahne "), B KawecTBe CMbicjiOBoro ( )OHa KOToporo BbicTynaeT rotobaa KVJibTvpHaa cxema. HMCHHO ophehtauneh Ha BOCnpOH3BeaeHHe OTJieJIbHblX nept rvmhjiebckoh nosthkh MOrJIO 6bITb MOTHBHpO- BaHO ynojoôjiehhe cnopthbhoro coct^nahhh JooöoBHOMy "noejihhky" (npe^ctab- 20
JieHHOMy, B CBOK) onepeiib, BMCOKHM HCTOPHHCCKHM npeue/iehtom): B nepaenoù ôumee u3hëmoz, 06e3o6pciMceH, ooeccnaejien &ym6ona mojicmoxomcuü 6oz [I, 93]; cp. B nepbohanajibhom peaakhhh: Tnyxan ôumea 3ciKunaem: Ha Mecme monnymch u eom OduH MHHOM 3aejiadeeaetn M xax zepoù e monne Dtcueem [I, 243-244]. CxojiHaa \ieta(j)opa oôhapy>khbaetca H B znpyrom akmehcraneckom CTHXOTBopeHHH 3Toro nepho.ua - "TeHHHc", r\ne CHTyauna noeanhka npoeunpyetch B HHOH, HO TaK>Ke "BbicoKHÖ" MCTopHHecKHH nnah: C peseoù deeyiukoü ecmynwi B noedunok ojiumnuücxuü <...> AHZJIUHCIHUH eeuho fohbiü! OH meopum uzpu oôpnd, Tax jiezko eoopyoken- Hbiü, Kax ammimecxuù cojidam, B ceoezo epaza ejiwöjiehhbiü [I, 87-88] 12. CKa3aHHoe KOCBeHHO noatbep>k7iaet M BBcaeHHe B TCKCT MOTHBa OTceneHHfl rojiobbi (CM.: JJOJIOKHO öbimb, max mojina czpydwiacb, Kozda, MynumenbHO-OKuea, He donue xyôxa, noxanuuiacb K HOZOM mynax zonoea [I, 94]),nocKOJibKy npakthheckh BO Bcex cjiynaax noabjiehhfl Teivibi He3aKOHHOH JIIOöBH B craxax TyMHJieBa efi conytctbyet CMTyauHa Ka3HM repoh ' 3. 3,necb >Ke cjieayet oöpathtb BHHMaHHe Ha HecooTBeTCT- BHe MaH^eJIbUJTaMOBCKOM "BepCHM" ÖHÖJieHCKOH nphthh KaHOHHieCKOMy CK)>KeTy: TejioxpciHumejib 6bui ompaeneu [I, 93], - B TO ace Bpeivia, MOTHB OTpaBJieHHH OKa3biBaeTca HCKjnoMHTenbHO Ba>KeH mm nosthneckoro.anajiora TyMMJieBa M AxMaTOBOH. rue OH 3aKpenjieH 3a JHOöOBHOH TCMOH, - cp.. HanpHMep: H MHe cnadxo - ne nnaub, dopozax, - 3namb, umo mm ompaewia Menn TyMHJieB 1991: T. 1. 139] (M3 CTHXOTBOpeHna "OrpaBJieHHbrH", BOiueimiero BO BTopon pa3/ieji "Hy>Koro Heöa", uejihkom nocbhmehhbifl AxMaTOBOH 14 ); TOM CMompum e dyiuy ueü-mo 63op, Ompaebi nomibiù Li O6MCIHO6 [FyMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 358] (B oôpamehhom K AxMaTOBOH axpocthxe "Aaanc-Aöeöa, ropo^ po3..."); CM. y>ke B "Moa ayma oca^k^eha..." 1908 ro,aa (c HBHbiM npobe^ehhem MOTHBa noeahhka): Ho ec.au 6oü uepaeen cmcw, H zopdo ecnomhk) KJifimey Haiuy H, ebiùdn e nupiuecmeehhbiü 3cm, Bo3bMy ompaenehhyu) ncauy [TyMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 350] H nojj,. 15 TaKHM o6pa30m, B CTHXOTBopeHHH "OyT6oJi" MaHüejibiuTaM BOJibHO HJIH HeBOJibHO KaK 6bi BonjiomaeT ppa. B03MO>KHbix BapnaHTa "noejimhka" c repohhen rymhjiebckoh JIHPHKH, cahobpemehho npn^abaa jahhom CHTyauHH CTaTyc yhhbepcajibhoh. BCTpaMBaiomeHCH B öojiee uunpokyio KyjibTypHO-HCTopHiecKyio nepcnektmby l6. ECJIM npe,anojio>kehhe o HaJiHHHH B MaHHeJlblllTaMOBCKOM CTHXOTBopeHHH CKpblTOrO "akmehcthheckoro" nozttekcta jetictbhtejibho HMeeT noa COöOH peajibhbie ochobahh«, TO nohbjuetcfl BO3MO>K- HOCTb CBsoaTb ero c TeaTpajibHOH JIHHHCH - B TOM BH,ae, B KaKOM OHa npe^ctabiieha B CTHxax e omythmbim BHeTeKCTOBbiM KoppejiHTOM, Kan, HanpHMep, yxe ahajih3hpobabiueeca CTHXOTBopeHHe "AxMaTOBa". CTHXOTBopeHHe "AxMaTOBa" c6jin>kaetc5i c "OVTöOJIOM" H B CHJiy coaepaamerocfl B HCM MOTHBa OTpaBJieHHa: noaoöho "OyTÖony", nepbohanajibhasi 21
pcnakuiifl "AxMaTOBOH" cojiep>kajia HCTopHHecKyio HeTOHHOCTb, 3aKJiK>HaiomyK>cfl B MMeHOBaHMH <P e à p bi OTpaBHTejibHHueH l7. BepoflTHO, 06e 3aMeHbi npe^ctab- JlfllOT C06OH He CTOJIbKO CTpeMJieHHe "OTKOppeKTMpOBaTb" KOHKpeTHblH KyjibTyp- HbiH HCTOHHHK, CKOJibKO Heoöxo^HMOCTb nojjhepkhytb coothecehhoctb o6pa3a AxMaTOBOH c MOTHBOM OTpaBJieHHfl. B TO >Ke BpeMa, HecjiynaMHOH KaxeTca H 3aivieHa snhteta "otpabhtejibhhua" Ha "Heroayiomaa", KOTopbifi, B CBOIO onepe^b. nepekjihxaetca co craxotbopehmem 1915 ro#a "Y Mopa ponot CTapnecKOH KH(j)apb[...", B nepbohawajibhoh pe^akuwn OTKpbiBaBweMCfl CTpoKofi: Hezodoeanbe cmapneckou KiHpapbi... [I, 250]; STOT xe TeKCT HMHJIHHHTHO BBOJIMT B pacc\iatpn- BaeMbiH KOHTeKCT o6pa3 OBHOT»: Eiue Mcuea necnpaeed/iueocmb PUMCI, M eowm ncbi, u öedhbie mamapbi B zjiyxoü depeene KOMennozo KpbiMci [I, 116]. llpohcxojiainee 3a c4et MaHneJibUJTaMOBCKOH "OUJHöKM" onpe/iejiehhoe c6jih>kehne o6pa30b Oe^pbi H OBHAHH 6onee»BHO npoctynaet B CTaTbe "O npwpoae cjioba", nph i iem "HCTOHHHKOM" TaKoro coeahhehwa HBJifleTca TBopnecTBO AHHeHCKoro, KOToporo MaHjiejibuJTaM MeTacj)opHHecKH ouehhbaet KaK no3ta, copeaeiuezo KJiaccimecKyw uiajib c ruien <Pedpbi u eo3nom:ueuiezo c HeMCHOcrribto, KCIK nodoóaem pycckomy nosm 3eepuHym lukypy na ece eiue 3x6Hyiuezo Oeudun [I, 226]. Kpoivie OHCBMAHOM B aahhom cjiyiae abtouhtatbi H3 "BnojioôopoTa, o nenajib..." (Cnadan c ruien, OKüMenejia JloMCHOKJiaccuiecKim majib [I, 98]), 3TO conoctabjiehne HBJueTca CBoero po^a CKpbiTbiM cjiynaem "KOMÖMHauHH" MMeH AxMaTOBOH H AHHeHCKoro; HBHbie nphmepbi TaKoro coejmhehhfl npncytctbyiot B CTaTbax "Bypa w HaracK" (AnneH- CKUù do eux nop He domen do pycckozo HumamenH u laeecmeh siuuib no ey.ibzapioaifuu ezo Memodoß AxMcimoeoù [II, 293]) H 3a\ieTKe "O cobpeiviehhoh no33hh" (Conema- Hue momaùiuezo ncuxojiozu3ma (lukona AueHHCKOzo) c necennbim nadom nopcimcaem e cmuxax AxMcimoeou naw cnyx [I, 207]). Eme HHTepecHee TOT (})akt, HTO "BnojioöopoTa. o nenajib..." MOJKCT 6biTb HHTepTeKCTyajibHO CBjnaHO c HMeHaMH AHHeH CKoro H TyMHJieBa. - ecjih nphhfltb BO BHHMaHHe TOHKy 3peHHfl O TOM, HTO ynotpeöjinembih no OTHOIHCHMK) K rojiocy snhtet "3JiOBemHÖ" "BOCXO,THT" K rymhjiebckomy CTHxoTBopeHHio "namath AHHeHCKoro" 1911 ro.ua; cp.: M 3inom Z0.10C, HejKHbiù u 3JioeeuMii, Yatce mimawiuuü cmuxul [FyMHueB 1991: T. 1, 171]; CM [Xa3aH 1992a: 239]; cp.: [JleKMaHOB 1994: 85] IS. 3jecb >Ke noflbjiaiotcfl ochobahhji H JVUl BbIHBJieHHfl "TeaTpajIbHblx" KOHHOTaUHM. CBH3bIBaeMbIX c ApaMOH AHHeH CKoro "OaMHpa-KH(j)apea". BO-nepBbix, "BOcnpoH3BoaHMOH" B axmatobckom CTHXOTBOpeHHH 1915 ro.na "Bce MHe BHRHTCïl IlaBJIOBCK XOJIMHCTblH..." (M na MednoM rmene KiKpapeda Kpacnozpydcm nmuukci cudum [AxMaTOBa 1989: T. 1, 156]), BO-BTOpblX, OTpeueH3HpOBaHHOH B 1913 roay MaHüeJIbUITaMOM, BKJIIOHHBUIHM TparejHK) B cojiep/katejibhyro nepcnekthby. OTKpbiBaeMyio o6pa30m Oeapbi (CM.: 9?
TeMa mo6eu Mamepu K coôcmeennomy cbiny npeepamwiacb y AnnencKozo e Mymime- MbHoe uyecmeo nupuneckoù eiuoônehhocmu [I, 192] 19 ) M, B-TpeTbHX, akxyajinanpyk)- meiï o6pa3 KHc )apbi 20. TaKHM o6pa30m, TeaTpajibHbiH acnekt MeTaTeKCTyajibHOH JiHHHH CHOBa BbixojoiT Ha CMbicjioByio nobepxhoctb, KaK 6bi 3aMbiKaa uenb noanejobatejibhbix cemahthheckhx "cabhrob", yctahabjihbaioluhx npflmbie H onocpeao- BaHHbie CBJOH Me>Kny HaôopoM 3neMeHTOB xyaowectbehhoh MoaeJiH MHpa MaH/ie- JlbUITaMa, OaHOBpeMeHHO MapKHpOBaHHblMH H "axmatobckoh", H akmehctmheckom, H MeTan03TMHeCKOH TeMaMH. fl,hana30h "axmatobckoh" H, cjicnobatejibho, akmencraheckoh nepcnekthbbi MO>KeT 6biTb paciuhpeh 3a c4et eme HecKOJibKHX TCKCTOB; B nepbyio onepeab 3TO OTHOCHTCH K CTHXOTBopeHHHM 1918 ro^a "Tßoe ny/iechoe npoh3hoiiiehbe..." H "HTO nokit HaCbI-Ky3HeHHK...", 6nOrpac )HHeCKH CBH3aHHbIM C JIHHHOCTbK) AxMaTOBOH. nepbbih H3 3THX TeKCTOB aktyajih3hpyer "axmatobckhh" opeoji o6pa3a me.ie- (p o H a, jxo 3Toro (JmrypHpoBaBiuero B SKcnpoMTe "MepTbi Jinua HCKaxeHbi..." 21 ; 3TOT >Ke o6pa3 CTaHOBHTCa UeHTpajIbHblM CeMaHTHHeCKHM SHeMeHTOM B CTHXOTBOpeHHH Toro >Ke ro.ua "Tejiecj)OH", B CBOK) oiepeab, qepe3 MOTHB npomehhh COOTHO- «HHHHCH c "MTO noiot nacbi-ky3hehhk..."; CM.: Ha due MopcKOM ueemem: npocmu [I, 138],- H: HO nepemyxa yaibiiuum H na due MopcKOM npocmum [I, 134]. Oco6oro BHHMaHHH 3acjiy>KHBaeT "Tejiec})OH", co^epxaiuhh nocjie/iobatejibho npobo.a.hmbih MOTHB TeaTpajibHOCTH: A mcim dyôoean Bcuizajuia H cmapbiù nupwecmeehhbiù con <...>, Ha meampajibhoü wioufadu memho [I, 137]; o/mobpemehho c 3THM, HMeHOBa- HHe Tenecj)OHa: Tbl, dpyz nonnouhbix noxopon [I, 137] MOKCT 6biTb BKjnoMeHO B 6onee uinpokyro nepcnekthby MaH^ejibuiTaMOBCKoro MHpa, 3a,naBaeMyK> o6pa30m MepHOrO. H O H H 0 Z O C OJlHlfd 22. KaK H3BCCTHO, C 3TOH CMblCJIOBOH KOHCTpVKHHefl otnethhbo coeähhaetch o6pa3 Oe^pbi; CM., HanpHMep: M dnn Mamepu enwônen- HOù Connue uephoe 630ùdem. <...> Mbi jfce, necnbw noxoponnoù npoeomcan Mepm- 6bix e dom, Cmpacmu dukoü u ôecconnou Connue nepnoe yimem [I, 118]. flahhbiii KOHTeKCT pacujhpaetcfl 3a cnet BKJiio^ieHHa B Hero c()hrypbi IlyiiiKHHa, o CMepTH KOToporo B CTaTbe "CnpaÖHH H xpncthahctbo" robophtca: nywkuna xopomwu HOHbio. <...> MpaMopHbiù HcaaKuù - eenukonenhbiù capkoqbaz - max u ne do^cdancn connennozo mena nodma. HoHbw nonomcimu connue e zpo6 [I, 201] 23 ; TaM >Ke BO3HH- KaeT o6pa3 Ocupbi-PoccHH, BCTpanBaioiuHH B aahhbin KOHTCKCT MOTHB He3aKOH- HOH JHOôBH, npoeunpyembih Ha ebphnnaobckhh CK»KeT: H ecnomhiin xapmuny nywkuhckux noxopon, mnoôbi ebueamb e eameü namnmu oöpas HOHHOZO connua, o6pci3 no3dneü zpeneckoü mpazeduu, cosdahhoü EepunudoM - eudehue uecnacmnoîi <Pedpu. - BpoKoebie nacbi omuu,ehux u 6ypu Mbi eo3hecnu Had coöoü CKPHöUHü, <...> HO - yebi! - dmo ne co.ihue uckyruiemtn, a connue eunbi. YmeepMcdan CKpnöuna ceoum cumeonom e 23
HCic Mupoeoù eoùhbt, <J>edpa-PoccuH... [I, 201]. "YnoaoGjieHHe" POCCHH 0e/npe, c ojihoh CTopoHbi, H AxMaTOBOH - "Oeape"-PauiejiH, c apyrofi CTopoHbi, CMbiKaiOTCfl B 3aMeTKe "O cobpemehhoh no33hh (K Bbixojry "AjibMaHaxa My3")": B nocneànux cmuxax AxMamoeoù npou30wen nepenom K zuepanumeckoù ecidkhocmu, penuzuo3hoù npocmome u mopmcecmeehhocmu <...>, u e nacmonmee epemh ee no33un 6nu3umcn K momy, Hinoôbi cmamb OôHUM US cumeonoe eenuuuh Poccuu [II, 208] 24. XJonojiHHTeiibHbiM ochobahnem ßjw TaKoro po.ua HHTepnpeTauHH BbiCTynaeT (])akt npncytct- Bua B oôpamehhom K AxMaTOBOH CTHXOTBopeHHH "KaccaHape" o6pa3a "nyiiikhh- CKoro" cojihua: Kacamxa MWICIH, Kaccandpa, <...> 3aneM Cufuio cojinife AneKccmdpa, Cmo Jiem H03ad, cusrno ecem? [I, 132] 25 ; xapaktepeh H cam (j)akt "anejuiaunh" K AxMaTOBOH B KPM3HCHOH couhajibho-hctophheckoh CMTyauHH. B pe3yjibtate CKJiajibiBaeTCfl eahhbifi cemahraneckhh KOMnJieKC Oeapa-PoccHH-AxMaTOBa, CBjnyiomHMH co/;ep>katejibhbimh KOMnoHeHTaMH KOTOporo BbiCTynaiOT o6pa3 L iephoro (H04Horo) cojihua H TeaTpajibHaa CHMBOJiHKa. B TO >Ke Bpeivia, MOTHB HOHHblX noxopoh B HeCKOJIbKO TpaHCCJ)OpMHpOBaHHOM BMJie BCTpenaeTCH B CTHXOTBopeHHH 1920 roaa "B üetepöypre MM conaemch CHOBa..." 26 : B IJemepoypze Mbi coùdemcx CHoea, CJIOBHO conniçe Mbi noxopohimu e WM [I, 149], - coaepxamem H TeaTpajibHVK) CHMBOJIHKV: C.ibiuiy nezkuù meampcuibhbiù luopox H deeuneckoe "ax" [I, 149]. HecMOTp«Ha TO, HTO "abhbim" aapecatom TeKCTa HBiweTCfl O.ApôeHHHa- THJibaeHÔpaHT, HajiHHHe HecKOJibKHX CMbicnoBbix 3JieMeHTOB no3bojdiet npeflno- J10>KHTb nphcytctbhe B HeM CJie^OB axmatobckoh TeMbI 27. KpOMe COÔCTBeHHO TeaTpaJlbHOH 06pa3H0CTH H MOTHBa HOHHOrO COJIHUa (A HOHHOZO COMMfCl 3ciMemuiub mbi [I, 150]) B TeKCTe cojiep>khtch \ie>igiomethe "ax", KOTopoe MO>KeT 6biTb CBH3aHO c xapaktephbim ami KyjibTypbi ^ecatbix roaob ero Hcnojib30BaHHeM npn HpoHH'iecKOM oôbirpbibahhh c})amhjihh AxMaTOBOH (CM.: [THMCHHHK 1972: 79: 1984]). HaKOHeu, oôpamaet Ha ce6a BHHMaHHe H MeTacJDopH i ieckoe ynotpeôjiehhe o6pa3a AHKOH KOUIKH (JJUKOù KOVUKOù zopôumcn cmonui\a [I, 149]), 3aHH\iaiomero 3aMeTHoe MecTO B nosraneckom ÄHajiore MaHaejibiiiTaMa H AxMaTOBOH, - CM.: [XasaH 1992a: 241] 2S. Flo pajxy nph3hakob B.aaHHbiH cjjparmeht MO>KCT 6biTb BKjno i ieho H CTHXO- TBopeHHe 1916 rojia "3Ta HOHb HenonpaBHMa...", co,nep>kamee CBoero po.ua abtonpoekhhk) MOTHBü HOMHoro cojihua.- H npocnyjicn e Komióenu - L IepHbiM corhi\em occuhh [I. 124]; BBO/uiMbiH TeKCTOM MOTHB noxopon: B ceemnom xpcme Liydeu XopoHiuiu Maim MOW [I, 124], - BCTpaBaeT ero B 6oJiee uinpokyio nepcnek- THBV. coothocamyioch c TeaTpajibHbiMH KoppejiaunaMH SToro MOTHBOM; cp. B CTHXOTBopeHHH 1918 ro.ua "Kor.ua B Tenjion HOHH 3aMHpaeT...", co^ep>kamem KOMÔHHamiK) MOTHBOB Teaipa, HOHHbix noxopoh H o6pa3a HOHHoro cojihua: 24
Kozda <...> meampoe luupokue 3eebi Bosepaiuawm monny nnoiuadhm, - npomekciem no yjiuifom nbiuihbim OoKuenenbe HOHHMX noxopoh; <...> 3mo cojwife Honnoe xopo- Hum Bo36yMcdeHHcia uzpomu uepub [I, 136], - npm TOM, HTO aahhbift TCKCT, BOnepBbix, ÖHorpa( )HHecKH COOTHOCHM C Tparczmen "Oe.npa" H, BO-BTopbix, CB»3aH c OTHeTJIMBO MeTaTeKCTyaJIH3MpOBaHHbIM B MaHÄeHbUJTaMOBCKOM MHpe MOTHBOM nojieta, noapoöhee ahajnonpyembim B cjieaywmeh rnabe H HMeiouiHM abhbie akmehcthheckwe KOHHOTauHH. B CBOK) onepem,, cojuphah o6pa3hoctb "3Ta H04b HenonpaBHMa..." Haxo^HT CBoe npoaojdkehhe B "KaHUOHe nepbon" TyMHJieBa 1917 ro^a: Tu MW ocmcmacb odna. Htmey Budeeiuuü cojinife HOUHoe, Jluuib dnn meön na 3ejvuie H Mcuey [FyMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 221], - B 3TOM >Ke TeKCTe BCTpenaeTca H o6pa3 MepycajiMMa: /Ja, mu e Moeü oecnoxouhoü cydböe - EpyccwuM nunuzpumoe. Hado 6u MHe zoeopumb o meôe Ha x3bike cepacpimoe [rymhjieb 1991: T. 1, 221], - "npeabocxnmehhbifi" B "3Ta HOHb HenonpaBHMa..."; BnojiHe Bepoarao, HTO HMCHHO 3TOT TeKCT TyMHJieBa Mor aktyamohpobatb o6pa3 HOHHoro cojihua B MaHaeiibiiiTaMOB- CKHX CTHxax Hanajia,HBa.zmaTbix ronob. B TO >Ke BpeMH, nohbjunomhöca B rymhjieb- CKOM CTHXOTBOpeHHH o6pa3 ">I3bIKa CepaCJ)HMOB", B03M05KH0, TaK>Ke CBfl3aH C MaHflejibiiJTaMOBCKHM CTHXOTBopeHMeM Toro >Ke 1916 ro.ua - ".H Haynnjica BaM, ÖJia>KeHHbie cjioba...", rjie o6pa3 ÖJiaxeHHbix CJIOB BbicTynaeT npamoh MeTa(J)opoö VKeHCKHX HMeH: CM.: fi Ha y mme H BOM, ÓJiaMcennbie cjioea: Jlenop, COJIOMUHKü, Jluzeüx, Cepacpuma [I, 125]. XapaKTepHO, HTO 3TOT >Ke o6pa3 nobtopaetca H B "B IleTep- 6ypre Mbi conaemca CHOBa...": M onamcennoe, ôeccmbicnehhoe cjioeo B nepebiù pa3 npou3uecem [I, 149], - HTO Ka>KeTca aonycthmbim paccmatphbatb B KanecTBe VKa3aHHH Ha HMA coöctbehhoe, npnnem coejmhehhe o6pa3a cojihua c CHTyanneH npoh3hecehhh HMeHH nobtophtcfl H B CTHXOTBOpeHHH 1920 rojia "CeCTpbl Tfl)KeCTb H HOKHOCTb, oahhakobbi BauiH nphmetbi...": HenoeeK ymupaem. TlecoK ocmbieaem cozpembiù, M enepauiuee conhu,e na uepmix HOCHJIKOX Hecym. <...> Jlezne KaMenb nodunmb, nem UMH meoe noemopumb [I, 142-143]. HaKOHeu, ôojiee nry6okhh CMbicji MO>KeT HMeTb ynotpe6jiaemoe B "3Ta HOHb HenonpaBHMa..." coejuihehhe o6pa30b KOJibiôejiH H nephoro conhua (CM.: H npocuyjicn e Ko.ibiôenu - HepHbiM comi^em occurh [I, 124]): ecjih nocnejihhh nohhmatb, B nacthoc, Kax cboero po.ua "3KBHBaiieHT" apebherpeneckoh Tpare^nn, TO cam abtop B H3BCCTHOH CTeneHH MO>KeTObITb "OTO>KjeCTBJieH" C HeKI, - CM. B 3T0H CBJOH XapaKTepHCTHKy BOCeMHafluaToro BeKa B "3aMeTKax o LUeHbe": àumn c cembio HRHbKcwu - mpazedun - eupodu-.lacb e nbiuihbiù nycmoifeem umeuho nomomy, nmo Had ee K0.ibi6e.abio auiohtmucb u 3aoom. T iu60 ee HHHHwvu "ee.iukue npumfiinbi" [II, 277] 29. TaKMM o6pa30m. (j)opmhpyio- IUHHCH CMblCJIOBOH KOMnJieKC BKJnOHaeT B CeÔH HaÔOp CeMaHTHHeCKHX 3JieMeHT0B. Ka>KHbiH H3 KOTopbix, BO-nepBbix, HMeeT camoctofltenbhyio coaep>katejibhyk) 25
26 3HaHHM0CTb B pamkax xyüo)kectbehhoh Moaejui MHpa MaHflejibuiTaMa H. BO- BTopbix. npno6petaet.nonojihhtejibhbie CMbicjibi B JXZLHHOü nepcnekthbe. Ilpe>Kae Bcero 3TO OTHOCHTCfl K TeaTpajibHOH Teiwe, MOTMBaM nephoro (H04Horo) cojihua, HOHHbix noxopoh, o6pa3am Oeapbi H, MeHee HBHO, FlyiiiKHHa 30. CymecTBeHHbiM B JWHHOM okpywehhh npe,uctabjifletch OJIHO H3 BOcnoMHHa- HHM AxMaTOBOÖ o UapcKOM Cène: A uhozda no 3moù COMOù Ulupoxoù om eoioajia iwu k eok3cuiy npoxodwia noxopohhan npoifeccun HeeepomnHoù nbiiuhocmu <...>. 3a zpoôom uuiu zeapdeùckue ocpuuepu, ecezda nem-mo nanomunaroicfue 6pama BponcKOZo <...>. B KCipemax, cjiedyroufux 3a KCima(pajiKOM, cudenu eaokhbie cmapyxu <...> u ôbuio noxomce na onucanue noxopon zpaqbuhu e "TluKoeoù dcime "... -M Mne (nomom Kozda H ecnomuhcma 3inu 3pejiuiua) ecezda Ka30/iocb, nmo OHU ôbuiu nacmbio KUKUX mo ozpomhbix noxopoh ecezo deenmhaduamozo eeka. TaK xopommu e 90-x zodax nocjieôhux Mjiadiuux coepemennukoe TlyiuKUHa. 3mo 3penuu\e npu ocnenumenbhom cheze u xpkom uapckoce/ibckom connue - ôbuio eenukojienho, OHO Mce npu mozdaum McenmoM ceeme u zycmoù mbme, Komopan comuiacb noeoody, ôbieano cmpauihbim daxce KüK 6bi uhcpephonbhbim [AxMaTOBa 1989: T. 1, 24]. flahhbifi (JparMeHT, BBOJ mnfi MOTHB JiHTepaTypbi jebathaauatoro Be«a, oôhapywhbaet abhbie napajuiejih c MaHaeJIbUJTaMOBCKHM CMbICJIOBblM KOMnJieKCOM, B TOM HHCJie H HHCTO KOJIOpHCTHnecKHe - c UBCTOBOH rammoh axmatobckhx BoenoMHHaHHH (öejibifi (cher) - nephbifi (TbMa) - /KeiiTbrH (cojihue)) cp. B cratbe "CKPA6HH M xphcthahctbo": MpoMopnbiù HcaaKuù <...> mak u He domcdajicn connennozo mena nosma. HoHbw nonookunu connue e zpoô, u e xneapckyio cmyotcy npocxpunenu nono3bn caneü, yeo3ueiuux dna omneeanbh npax nosma [I, 201], - c cobepiuehho onebhuhbimh nepekjihhkamh c "3Ta HOHb HenonpaBHMa...". Cp. Ty >Ke HBeroByio Tpnajiy B CTHXOTBopeHHM 1909 roaa "B CMHpeHHOMYApblX BbICOTaX..." (C CHMnTOMaTMHHblM nohbjiehhem 3HMHerO neiî3a>ka, 3nHTeTa TpaypHbiH H aktyajibhoro jvm.uajibhehmero ahajih3a o6pa3a 3Be3j): Ho eunaji cnez - u mzoma JJepeebee mpaypnow cmana; Hanpacno eenepom 3UHna Heôec 3Jiaman nycmoma; M - öenbiü, nephbiü, sonomoü - Uenanbueùmee U3 C03eymiü, Omo3eanocn nemunyneü M okonnamenbnoü 3UMOü [I, 43]. BjiH3Kaa ubero- Bafl CMMBOJiHKa ncnojib30baha H B CTHXOTBopeHHM 1914 ro,na: Kan nepnbiù amen na cnezy Tbl nokü3ajiacb Mue cezodnn [I, 97], - KyjibTypHbiM cnimyjiom KOToporo Morao CTaTb axmatobckoe craxotbopehhe Toro we roja "KaK Tbi Moweuib CMcnpeTb Ha HeBy..." (CM.: [AxMaTOBa 1989: T. 3, 126]), coflepwamee TOT we o6pa3: Hepnux ahzenoe Kpbuibx ocmpbi [AxMaTOBa 1989: 145]. B CBOKI onepeab, nocjiejihhh TCKCT BBOflHT conetahhe KpacHoro H ôejioro UBCTOB: MMOJiuHoebie xocmpbi, C/ioeno po3u e cnezv neemym [AxMaTOBa 1989: T. 1. 145], - B cj)opme OTpnuamifl noabiwiomeeca B "KaK nephbih ahreji Ha CHery..." (TlycKaü ôyiuymufah Kpoeb He nepeùdem e meou
jiahumbi M nemchbiùmpomop ommehum <...> Boo ncizomy npunacmhbix ruiomu, Ho ne Kpacneioufux nauum [I, 98]), a no3>ke B03HHKaromee H B TaKHX nphhunnnajibhbix jjia paccmatphbaemofi Teivibi TeKCTax, Kan "1 ahbapa 1924", "LUVM BpeMeHn" ii "ErnneTCKaa Mapxa" (cp., HanpnMep: [Ronen 1983: 296-297]). OnocpcuoBaHHoe ynomhhahhe "AHHbi KapeHHHon" B axmatobckhx BOcnoMHHaHHHX SKcnjinnnpyeT "TOJicTOBCKyio" Teiwy, B TBopnecTBe MaH^ejibuiTaMa conpnkacaiomyioca c "axma- TOBCKOH" nepcnektmbon; CM. B "FlHCbMe o pycckon no33hh": AxMcimoea npunecia s pycckvkt nupuky ecio ozpomhyio aio^khocmb u ncuxonozumckoe öozamcmeo pycckozo pomühci deemrihadifamozo eeka. He óbino 6bi AxMamoeoü, He 6ydb moncmozo c "AHHOü KapemiHoü", Typzeneea c "JJeopmcKUM zne3dom", ecezo JJocmoeecKozo u omuacmu da^ce JlecKoea [II, 239] 31. YHMTbiBaa CKa3aHHoe Bbiuie o MeTac )opn3npyloinhx B03M05KHOCTHX TeaTpaJibHOH CHMBOJIHKM B akmencthheckoh nepcnekthbe MaHaejibuJTaMOBCKoro MHpa, KaK ojmo H3 camooöbirpbibahhh.nahhom KoppejwuHH MO>KeT paccmatpnbatbch 3nH3oa nocemehhfl MapnHHCKoro TeaTpa B "ErwneTCKOH \iapke": KOK eu dymcieme, zde cudena Anna Kapenuna'! [II, 485], - npn TOM, HTO xa\i >Ke MaHixenbuiTaM nhuiet: /Kejie3Han dopoza u3mehiuia ece menenue, ece nocmpoe- Hue, eecb maicm Hciiueù npo3bi. Ona omdcma ee eo enacmb ôeccmbic.nehhomy nonomatibk) (ppahu,y3ckozomymcuhka U3 "AHHM Kapenunoü" [II, 495] 32. OcHOBaHMfl JXJIfl AOnOJIHHTeJIbHblX COnOCTaBJieHMH aatot HeKOTOpbie CMblCjiOBbie 3JieMeHTbi, yace ynomhhabuiheca Bbime. Tan, MOTMB O m p a e JI e H U R. BKJuoHaiomHHca B MaTaonHcaTeJibHyio nepcnekthby MaHaejibuiTaMOBCKoro MHpa. nohbjiaetca H B CTHxoTBopeHHH 1913 ro,n.a "OTpaBJieH xjieô H B03.nyx BbinnT...". r^e OH (nan H B cjiynae co CTHxoTBopeHneM "OyTÖoji") npobo^ntca Ha (j)ohe 6H6JICH- CKOH CHMBOJIHKH: OmpaeneH xneö u eo3öyx ebinum. KaK mpydno panu epcmeeambl MociMp, npodcihhbiü e Ezunem, ne MOZ ctuibnee mockoeamb [I, 97]. 3xiecb, KaK H B CJiyHaaX CO CTHXOTBOpeHHHMH "AXMaTOBa" H "OyTÖOJl", MOTHB OTpaBJTeHHH. TeKCTyajlbHO CBfl3bIBaeMbIH C KOHKpeTHbIMH KyjIbTypHbIMH CK)>KeTaMH. CaHHMH 3THMH CK)>KeTaMH He MOTHBHpOBaH, 4TO n03bojwet OTHeCTH.naHHblH TeKCT (KaK H o6a.npyrnx) K CBoero po,aa KJiaccy TCKCTOB "ouihöohhbix", rae HapyuieHHe co^ep- >KaTejibHbix Koop^MHaT KyjibTypHoro HCTOiHHKa (co3hatejibhoe MJIM HeBOJibHoe) oöycjiobjieho JIOITHKOH xy,n.o}kectbehhoro MHpa MaHjiejibuiTaMa H oojia^aer BbicoKOH ctenehbk) napa,nnrmatmhhocth. BßeaeHHe B JieKCHHecKHH CTpon CTHXO- TBOpeHHfl HMeHH HoCHCJja flbho HeceT B Ce6e JIHHHOCTHbie KOHHOTaUHH 33, nph i iem abtop He otokaectbjmet ceöa e MOCHCJJOM (BO BCHKOM cnynae - 3KcnjinuHTHO), a JIHUJb HCnOJIb3yeT "neh3a>k" BeTX03aBeTHOH nphthh B (J)yHKLlHH KOHCTpyKTHBHOrO 3.ieMeHTa TeKCTa, npeactabaa no MeHbinefi Mepe B Tpex HnocTacax: abtopa, "He- MocHtjûa" H HocH(])a. MTO HanoMHHaeT npnem MHorocjiOHHoro 3aMemeHHH B 27
CTHXOTBopeHHH "AxMaTOBa" H BHOBb B03BpaujaeT K onpcnejiehhoh "TeaTpajiH- 3auHH" akmenctmheckoh TeMbi MaH^enbUJTaMOBCKoro MHpa. MeTanosTunecKaa nphpo.ua nocjicnhero TejccTa OTHCTJIHBO npohbjuetch B ero cj)hhajibhbix CTpoKax: M, ec.nu nodnuhho noemen M nojihoù zpydbio, HciKoneu, Bce uaesaem - oemaem [JpocmpaHcmeo, 3ee3dbi u neeeu [I, 97]. nohbjnnomhhcfl B TeKCTe MOTHB OTcyTCTBna B03.nyxa (eo3dyx ebinum [I, 97]) HaxojmT CBoe cootbetctbhe co CTHXOTBopeHHeM "Tejiecj)OH" (Becb eo3dyx ebinitiu mxdke.ibie nopmbepu [I, 137]), HTO TaKxe MO>KeT 6biTb BKJnoneHO B 6oJiee ninpokyio nepcnekthby MaHaejibiHTaMOBCKoro TBopnecT- Ba, B KOTOpOM MOTHB OTCyTCTByiOIHerO H, B HaCTHOCTH, BbinHTOrO B03Ayxa COOT- HOCHTca c MeTano3THHecKOH npoöjiewiathkoh; cp., HanpHMep, "KoHuepT Ha BOK3ajie": He.ib3x dbiiuamb u meepdb Kuuium uepexmu, M HU OöHCI 3ee3da ne zoeopum [II, 35] 34. 3TOT >Ke MOTHB B xy^o/kectbehhom MHpe MaH.nejibiHTaMa Hepe^KO conojiaraetcfl c JIIO6OBHOH TCMOH, - KaK, HanpHMep, B nepbohanajibhoh peaakhhii CTHXOTBopeHHH "3a TO, HTO a pyxh TBOH He cymeji yaepxatb...": Kozda mm yxodinub, u me.no nuiuumcn dyuiu, Mena oôcmynaem MymimenbHbiù eosdyx dpemymiù, M» 3cidbixajocb [I, 268]; cp. B 6onee no3^hem JIHPHHCCKOM CTHXOTBopeHHH "51 HapaBHe c üpyrhmh...": M 6e3 meôn Mne enoea JlpeMyiuù eo3dyx nycm [II, 152] 35. CHTyauHH HeB03MO}KHOCTH AbixaHHH, HanoJiHaeMaa MeTaTeKCTyajibHofi cemahthkofi, npe^ctabjieha H B CTHXOTBOPCHHH 1916 ro#a "3BepHHeu": 'Jcpiip, KomopbiM He cymenu, He 3cixomem< Mbi dbiwamb [I, 119], - nph TOM, HTO 3TOT TCKC coaep>kht eine OJUIH o6pa3, BCTpanBaioinHHCH B ahajih3hpyembin "akmencthhec- KHH" c])parmehtxy^o>kectbehhoh MO,nejiH MHpa MaH,nejibniTaMa. - o6pa3 d u K a- p e ü: A HbiHe sae.nade.a dukapb CeMqeHHOù nanuueü TepaRna [I, 119]. ^ahha jiekchheckaa KOHCTpyKuna nohth TOHHO BOcnpoH3Be,neHa B BapnaHTe y>ke ynomhhabuieroca "TeHHHca": 3ae.iaden cnopmcmsh-dukcipb MuozoeecejibHow HOOKO [I. 243], HTO B03BpamaeT K onpeaejiehhon "cnoprabhon" TeMaTHKe CTHXOB jiecatbix roaob. B nacthocth. o6pa3 zwkapefi nobtopaetca H BO "BTopoM cjjytöojie": B climax Hciy'Ku u 3ci6aebi ToMamcn demu-dumpu [I, 94]. HajiHHHe B paccmarphbae MOM KOHTeKCTe o6pa3a CnopTa. B03M0>KH0, OTHaCTH MO>KeT MOTHBHpOBaTbCfl onpetejiehhbim ero c6jih"ykehhem c UCHHOCTHMH HHTejiJieKTyajibHoro nopazu<a - cp. (jjparmeht ahanh3hpyemoh.najiee rnabbi "CeMbH CnHaHH" "IJUyMa BpeMeHn": rnaenoù ocoôenhocnibio doma CUHCIHU ôbuio mo, nmo R Hci3ecui 6bi scmemukoù VMC <...> JJ.w smux Mce.tfodeii }>M 6bui odnoepemehho padoembw, 3dopoebeM, cnopmom nommi pemizueù. Me^cdy mem Kpyz ymcmeennux uwnepecoe 6bui eecbmci ozpammeh. <...> CKYHCIX srnoù domciutheù Mbic.ibio, Eopuc 3cmumbwajicn cydeôhbimu penci Jlacea.w <...>, - smo ôbuia ymce micman scmemuka yma u Hacmoxufuù enopm. M eom, 6 nodpamcam/e Jlaccamo, Mbi ye.iek.iucb cnopmom KpacHopenuH [II, 380]. 06pa3 28
jlmkapeh noabjiaetca eme B OJIHOM craxotbopehhh 1913 rojia - "Becejiaa CKoporo- BopKa...". rzie OH Hcnojib3yeTca Kan MeTa(j)opa BpeMeHM: O, öydnu, - WIHCKü dukcipeù [I. 90], - HTO, B CBOK) OHepe^b, MO/KeT 6bITb COnOCTaBJieHO C pahhhm CTMXOTBOpe- HweM "Koma y#ap c yaapaivim BCTpenaeTca...", coaep^aiuem KOMÖHHauHio o6pa30b ^MKapefl (c onpe^enehhbim "nph3bykom" TeMnopamoauHH) H OTpaBJieHHbix flpotmkob (BeiiyiUMX O^HOBpeMeHHO H K MOTHBy OTpaBJieHHa, M K ahajim3npyemomy HH>Ke o6pa3y CTpejibi co BceM MHoroo6pa3HeM npwcymnx emy MeTaTeKCTyajibHbix KOHHOTauHH): M ece ôucmpee u obicmpeü OmpaeneHHue dpomuku e3eueaiomch B pykcix omeamchbix dukapeü [I, 48]. 06pa30M OTpaBJieHHbix JPOTHKOB BBO/niTca B TeKCT öojiee oömaa CHTyauHa yctohhhboh juin MaH^ejibiuTaiviOBCKoro Mnpa KoppejinuHH MOTHBa d u K o c m u c TeMOH CMepra, KaK, HanpHMep, B CTHxax namhth BaKcejib (JJUHOK, MedeexcoHOK, Muubona [III, 97]) H Eenoro (OH, Kciatcemcn, dummen ymupcihbh 3acmeHHueocmbK> cnaenoü Hoeumaa [III, 84]), craxotbopehhax "TejiecjîOH" (Ha 3moM öukom cmpaiuhom ceeme <...> B ebicokom cmpozom Kaôuneme CaMoyôuùifbi - me.iecpoh [I, 137]) H B "51 B xopoboß TeHefi, TonTaBiiJHX HOKHbiH Jiyr..." (Cnanajia dymcm H, mno UMH - cepacpim, H mena nezkozo dimuncn <...>. M choea nôjiohn mepnem dukuü ruiod [I, 153]). OcoôeHHO Ba>KHO ^Jia paccmatpnbaeiworo c])parmehta MaRaejibuiTaMOBCKoro Mnpa ynotpeôjiehhe o6pa3a.zmnka B Ka i iec- TBe camoxapaktephcthkh B BapHaHTe "CTMXOB O Hen3BecTHOM cojinate": H - ôuhok ucnyzaeiuuùch ceema, CmaHoenwcb pndoebwi moü cmpahbi y Komopoù nonpocnm coeema Bce Kmo OKumb u eockpecnymb dojijfchbi [III, 357], - BBoaHMaa 3THM cjjparmehtom HeaBHaa KoppejiauHa MOTMBa JHKOCTM C TBopnecKHM Ha^ajioM o6hapy>khbaetca H B.npyrnx TeKCTax MaHjiejibuiTaMa - CM.: e pemecne cnoeecnom R nemo mojibko dukoe MHCO [III, 171]; dukue cmuxu CnyneecKozo "Ka3m e )Keneee" [II, 388]: nechh dukan, KüK nepnoe euho [I, 133] H pp. OnpcnejieHHaa nojiovkhtejibhaa cemahthmeckaa HanojmeHHOCTb, OTJiHHaiomaa MOTHB JIHKOCTH.na-aœ HecMOTpa Ha ero KoppejiauHio c TCMOH CMepTH, OTHacra MO>KeT 6biTb oôiacheha TeM BMCOKHM uehhocthbim CTaiycoM. KOTopbiM Ha^ejia- Jiacb H^ea.HHKOCTM, nepb03,iahh0h ectectbehhoctm B akmehcth4eck0m (a TOHHee - "aaamhctckofî") HüeojiorHH. B TO >ke BpeMa, o6pa3 jinxapa B TBopnecTBe MaHziejibuJTaMa KaK 6bi "othy>knaetca" OT no3hthbho oco3habaemoro coctoahna AMKOCTH H CTaHOBHTca cpe^ctbom Bbipa>KeHMa Hanajia. He coothocameroca c ebponetickoh (B ee uihpokom nohhmahhh) KyjibTypofl. HcKJiioHMTejibHO Ba>KHa B 3T0H CBa3H peueh3ha 1913 "akiviehcth i ieckoro" ro^a Ha coôpahhe COHMHCHHM /Jxeica JloH^OHa, B KOTopofi MaH^eJibuiTaM npaivio coe^hhaet o6pa3 ^HKapa H cnopthbhyio TeiviaTHKy: cen3b 3mozo MHUMOZO dukapn c HoeeùiuuM, nucmo OMepuKüHCKUM pa36umuem mexhuxu - HecoMnenua. <...> c nposopsiueocmbio HHKU 36 29
JjMceK JIOHöOH 63fw ncimehtn na ycoeepiuencmeoeahhozo noeozo nenoeexa pamiue, nem ezo mun 6bui ocyufecme.neh e deùcmeumenbhocmu eemecmeehhbim nodöopom u cnopmuehbimu ynpamchemifwu [I, 189]; TaM >Ke MaH/jejibuiTaM /jaet pa3bephvtyio xapaktephcthky ".HHKapcKoro" co3hahhfl cobpemehhoh e\iy AiviepHKM: Eone3Hb Hoeozo Ceema, maùhbiù nedyz vydoeuufhbix zopodoe - KynbinypHoe odunanue HCIUUIO e U^tcexe JloHdoHe HeoMcudawio npuenexamenbhozo 6bipa3umenx. <...> CoepeMennoMy nenoeexy nein nadoohocmu examb e Kiondaùx wiu na ocmpoea Tuxozo oxeana, Htnoöbi nonyecmeoeamb ceox dukcipem: max JiezKO 3a6nydumbCH e Jiaöupunine Hbho- Flopxa wiu C<aH>-<Ppam(ucKO, e cmuxuühom Jiecy MOJiodoù ifuewiu3ayuu, MOIU,HüH pacmume.ibhocmb Komopozo nenpohuifaema dun okueumenbhbix nyneü xynbmypbi [I. 190] 37. "^HKapcKaa" o6pa3hoctb MaH^ejibiüTaivia HeoaamaHHO nepekjimkaetca c MeviyapHO 3acJ)HKCHpoBaHHbiM BbiCKa3biBaHHeM AxMaTOBofi: "Kor.ua Mbi B03BpaiuajiHCb OTKyaa-TO /IOMOH (1913), HnKonaH CTenaHOBHH MHe CKa3aji npo CHMBOJIHCTOB: "OHH KaK /ihkaph, KOTopbie cbejin CBOMX pojmtejien H C TpeBorofi CMOTpaT Ha CBOMX.neTen" [JiyKHHHKafl 1990: 149]. Bpaa JTH TOJibKO cobnaaehhem MO>KeT 6biTb BbOBaHO onncahhe ManaejibiiJTaMOM rotrehtotckoro pmtyajia B CTaTbe "Bbinaa": rommenmombi, ucnbimbiean ceoux cmapukoe, 3acmaejiHK>m ux xapaöxambcft na depeeo u nomom mpucym depeeo: ecjiu cmapux nacmojibxo odpnxneji, mno ceasiumch, 3Hcimim, HyxcHo ezo yöumb. CHO6 Konupyem zommemnoma <...>. R dvmcm, nmo na 3mo 3aHnmue Hyztcno omeemumb npe3penuem. KoMy - no33ux, KOMy - zommewnomckafi 3a6aea [II, 410], - npn TOM, HTO CTaTbH, B uejiom HanpaBjieHHaa npothb no3th L ieckoh 6e3rpaMOTHOCTH cobpemehhoro abtopy HMTaTejiü, HMeeT yjiobhmoe ahthchmbojimctckoe 3BynaHMe 3S. Bouée OTHCTJIHBO npoctynaet CBH3b o6pa3a ühkapeß c CHMBOJIMCTCKOH Tpa^HUHefi B.apyrnx CTaTbax MaH^ejibujTaivia - CM. no nobojiy "jieca COOTBCTCTBHH" CHMBOJIHCTOB B paöote "O npnpojie cjioba": Henoeex nmôum 3cinpem, u dazke duxapb KJiadem Mazuuecxoe 3anpeicfeHue, "maöy", Ha u3eecmhbie npeömembi [I, 227]; cp. "FlHCbMO o pycckoh no33hh": Hbme Mbi cmoum neped no3dnum uiymhbim peifudueom cum60jiu3ma, no33ueü Mocxoecxux IUKOJI, zjiaeubim o6pa30m umadkunucmoe, - mowce nauenoe xenenue, mojibko xuufhuneckoe u duxapcxoe <...>. Monodbie Mocxoecxue dukapu onikpbwu eu\e odny ÄMepuxy - Memacpopy [II, 239] 39 ; 3/j;ecb xe CM. "3aMeTKH o no33hh": cumeonucmbi öbuiu cmojinhuxamu cmiuin: na ecex emecme He öojibiue nnmucom cjioe - cnoeapb nomme3iiùi(a [II, 300]. TaKHM o6pa30m, ".HHKapcKaa" TeMaraxa OKasbiBaeTca yctofi- HHBO COOTHeceHa C MeTan03THHeCKOH JIMHHeH. HBJWflCb. OJIHaKO, He CpCUCTBOM BbipaxeHHH "a^amhcthheckoro" MnpoomyiueHHa, KaK MO>KHO 6bino 6bi o>khjj;atb, ncxojm H3 TeopeTHMecKHX H MnpoB033peHHecKHx noctynatob pahhero akmeh3ma, a 30
(j)opmoh xy^oxectbehhoro AHCTaHunpoBaHHfl OT nosthneckhx npe^iuectbehhmkob - CHMBOJIHCTOB - H Hx nocjieaobatejieh. Bo3Bpamaacb K CTHXOTBOPCHHHM "OTpaBJieH xjie6 M B03/iyx BbinMT..." H "Becejiaa CKoporoBopKa...", HCO6XO,THMO OTMeTHTb eme OTHH OôIHHH JUW HHX cemahthheckhh 3Jie\ieHT - MOTHB o 6 M e H a; CM. cootberctbehho: Kmo nomepnn e necke KOJIHüH, Kmo ebimenfui KOHH [I, 97], - n: J1K>6JIK> oômen. MenbKciwm nepbn, Becejibix eockjiuucihuù domcdb [I, 90], - nph TOM, HTO nepbbifi KOHTCKCT nepe3 oöpaj KOJinaHa onocpcrobahho COOTHOCHTCH C o6pa30m CTpeji. BBOjHiMaa MOTHBOM o6\ieha CHTyauHH 3aMemeHna, noaiviehbi BO MHoroM onpeaeimet cneuncj)hky MaHüejibiuTaMOBCKOH no3tmkh 40, - CM., HanpHMep, nepeboa MOTHBa B MeTaTeKCTyajibHyio ccj)epy, ocj)opmjniembih "jutkapckoh" o6pa3hoctbk>: Mennw uiym HCI neme cmpen, Mennw cmpoù na cmpenem ZHeeuuü [II, 47]. He MeHee Ba>xeH TOT (J5aKT, HTO CHTyaUH» 3aMeHbI HBCTBCHHO 3ByHHT B JQOÔOBHO-SpOTHieCKOH TeMe MaHaejibujTaMOBCKOH no33hh - CM., HanpHMep: TloMHuuib, e zpeneckom doate: mo6uma.fi ecemu DKehci - He Ejiena - dpyzan [I, 128]; Tu ôydeiub JIUH, He Enena <...> napenena [I, 143]; cp.: He CcuioMen, Hem, COJIOMUHKCI CKopeù [I, 125]; cp. HMnjiHKauHio MOTHBa B JIHHHOCTHOM niiahe (B CTMXOTBopeHHax "B netep6ypre MM COH^CMCH CHOBa...". "MHe >KajiKO, HTO Tenepb 3HMa...", ")KH3Hb ynajia, KaK 3apHHua, " "H3 Ta6opa VJiHHbi TeMHofi...") H HeKHX KyjibTypHbix c])opmax ("Mepenaxa", "Tristia", "3a ro, HTO a pykh TBOH He cymeji ynep>katb...", "HyTb MepuaeT nph3panhaa cueha...", "C MHpOM ^ep>kabhbim fl 6bIJI JIHUIb peôhheckh CBfl3aH..."). CTpOrO roboph. MOMeHT noflmehbi xapakteph3yet H o6a "OyTÔojia". npnnem yctahobhtb OKOHnaTejibHo. KaKOH H3 abyx snemchtob -.retckaa nrpa HJIH jnoôobhoe nybctbo - sibiinetcn oôiektom, a KaKOH cyôtektom 3aMemeHHfl. yctahobhtb HeB03MO>KHO. no pnjiy nph3hak0b CHTyauHH 3aMeHbi 0Ka3biBaeTca cootheceha c MOTHBOM B03Me3jma, Ka3HH. TaK, ecjih B "OyTÔojie" 3Ta CBH3b. TpaHcnoHnpyeMaa Ha SKCTpaTeKCTyanb- HbiH ypobehb, npncytctbyet onocpeaobahho, TO B craxotbopehhh 1920 ro^a "51 HapaBHe c apyrhmh..." OHa npocrynaet cobepuuehho OTHeTJiHBo: H ôomiue ne peenyw. Ho H me6n xony, H COM ceôn necy H, KOK Mcepmey, ncuicmy. <...> Ha dukyto, HYMcyw Mne noômehiinu Kpoeb [I, 152]; TaM >Ke CM. OTMeneHHbiH Bbiiue cjiynan npobetehhh MOTHBa HCBO3MO>KHOCTH jshw&hvm. riomhmo nponero, ahajih3 nphbejiehhbix KOHTeKCTOB no3bojihet BbiHBHTb eine OJHy e^hhhuy JTK)60BHOrO KOUa MaaaeJIbLUTaMOBCKOH n033hh - 06pa3 H Ó.1 O K a.flbjiflloluerochyctohhhboh MH(j)OJioreMOH xy^o>kectbehhoro MHpa MaH^ejibiHTaMa Booôme 41 ; CM. npncytct- BHe 3Toro o6pa3a B JinpHnecKux CTHxax: Xoneiub HöJIOKCI HOHHOZO [II, 55]; H ece, mno R 3HCIK) o xôjiohhoù po3060ù KOMe [II, 56]; cp.: H CHoea HöJIOHH mepnem dukuü mod <...>. 3e.\Liu deeimeckoù ynpyzue xoimu JleMcam, cnesienymue myzo [I, 153] H noa. 31
OjHOBpeMeHHO c 3THM o6pa3 a6noka (jwryphpyet B CTHXoTBopeHHH 1923 roaa "A He6o 6yaymHM 6epeMeHHO...", rjxe ero ynotpeöjiehhe OTOaneHHO HanoMHHaeT 3aKJiK)HHTenbHyK) HacTb 6H6jieHCKoro cw>keta o CanoMee H HoaHHe: JJaeaüme öpocum oypu HÖJioKO Ha cmon nupyjoufum 3eMJixHOM M na cmekjirhhom ôniode oôna UocmaeuM neme nocepedune [II, 49] 42. COóCTBCHHO robopa, exozmaa CHTyauwa npeacrabjieha n B "51 HapaBHe c.apyrhmm...": COM ceôn uecy H, KCIK Mcepmey, nanany [1, 152]; aahhbih cj>parmeht, B CBOIO oiepeab, MoxeT 6biTb conoctabjieh co CTHxoTBopeHHeM "Bex": Cnoea e Mcepmey, KüK aznen/ca, TeMR MCU3HU npunecjiu [II, 41], - 4T0 otcbijiaet K oöhapywhbaiomemyca B MaHaejibuiTaMOBCKOM MHpe "KOMnjieKcy /KepTBonpHHomeHHa", KOCBCHHO CBa3aHHOMy c jihhhoctbio TyMmieBa (CM.: [Toaaec 1988: 196-197]). BnonHe Bepoarao, HTO camonpoeklnia Ka3HH->KepT- BonpHHOUjeHHH coaep>khtca H B H3BCCTHOM (J)parMeHTe "CTHXOB O HeH3BecTHOM cojuiate": Hm 6e3 euóopa nbw 3ino eapeeo, Ceow zojioey em nod oznem? [III, 125], - c onpcuejiehhom "HMnjiMKauneH" B 3THX CTpoKax MOTHBa OTceneHHOH rojiobbi 43. Eme oahh CMbicjiOBOH paa, pacuihpaioijuhh paccmatpmbaemoe co,nep>katejib- Hoe npoctpahctbo, CBa3aH c ynomhhabiuwmca Bbime o6pa30m KHtjjapbi. ITOMMMO ero npamoh H onocpenobahhoh coothecehhoctm c o6pa30m OBHAna M (JwrypaMn AHHeHCKoro H AxMaTOBOH, OH MOJKCT 6biTb conojio)keh co "c K u (p c K o u" TQ- MOH, OT^acTH npe^bocxhiuaemoh MOTMBOM H3rHaHHa OßHAHa, - xax, HanpHMep, B CTMXOTBopeHHM 1914 rom "O BpeivieHax npoctbix H rpy6bix...": UpuepamnuK <...> Bcmaji, u 3eepuHcifi 3eeoma HanoMHima meoü o6pci3, ckucp! Kozda <...> Oeuduü nen [I, 100] 44. CKH(j)CKaa CHMBOJiHKa Kan HeKaa ahthte3a KyjibTypHOMy (H MCTopHiecKM TpajiMUHOHHOMy) Hanajiy noabjiaetca H B o6pamehhom K AxMaTOBOH "KaccaHüpe": e cmomtije luasioü Ha cku(pckom npa3öhuke, na öepezy Heebi, Hpu 3eymx o.uep3ume.ibhozo ôana Copeym ruiamok c npekpachoü zonoebi [I, 132], - cp. y>ke npnbchhbujyioca xapaktepncthky AHHeHCKoro Kan no3ta, copeaeiuezo Knaccuuec- K)K> uiajib c ruien (pedpu [I, 226]. OoHeranecKHH KOMnjieKC o6i>e,hhhak>mhh o6pa3 KH(j)apbi H CKH(j)CKyio CMMBOJiHKy, no cyth.nejia, nobtopaetca H B Ha3BaHHM 6Morpac})MHecKM 3Ha4HMoro juw MaHZienbiiJTaMa ropo^a - KneBa, no 1919 roaa. BepoaTHO. B nepbyio onepeab accouhhpobabiiieroca juw Hero e jihhhoerbio AxMaTOBofi; K "KHeBCKOMy" Tonocy cemahtmneckoro opeojia AxMaTOBOH CM. CTHXOTBopeHHe TyMMJieBa "143 JioroBa 3MHeBa...": H3 Jiozoea 3Mueea, H3 zopoda Kueea, H 63tui ne OKeny, a Kondynbio [rymhjieb 1991: T. 1, 131]. BO3MO)KHO, 6ecc03- HaTejibHbiM npoabjiehwem CBa3H KweBa c o6pa30m AxMaTOBOH BbicTynaeT n BbiCKa3biBaHne MaH/iejibiiJTaMa B CTaTbe "Bypa H HaTHCK" o TOM, HTO e cmuxax AxMamoeoù codepmcumcn mununeckuü napaimejiu3m Hapodnoü necmi c ezo npkoù acummempueù deyx cmeokhux me3itcoe, no cxeme: "e ozopode 6y3ima, a e Kueee 32
dxdbxa" [II, 295]. MOVKHO TaiOKe npe,nnojio>khtb, HTO peajibhbin 6norpacj)HHecKHH nofltekct, CBjnaHHbiH c tjjhrypon TyiviMJieBa H qoaktom ero TparnnecKOH rnoejim nphcytctbyet H B CTMXOTBopeHHH 1937 rojxa. "KaK no yjinnam KneBa-Bwa...": KCIK no yjiuifcim Kueeci-Bun liu\em MyDKCi ne 3HCIK> HöR MCUHKü, M Ha lueku ee eockoebie Hu odna ne CKCimwiacb cneduhua [III, 135]; cp. BOcnoMHHaHna H.5I.MaHTeJibUJTaM o "B03o6HOBHBuieMca" B 1925 roay 3HaKOMCTBe MannejibWTaMa c AxivtaTOBofi: "OHH robopmin o TyMHJieBe. H OHa paccka3bibana, öyzrro HauiJiH MecTO, rjie ero noxopo- HHJIH" [MaHiieJibiiJTaM 1990a: 368]. B STOT AX KOHTCKCT MO/KeT 6biTb BKnroneHO axmatobckoe "3aKJiMHaHne", aarapyemoe 15 anpe.ua 1936 roaa - natnaecaraiietheh rojobmhhoh po>knehha TyMHJieBa 45 ; MaHaejibuiTaMOBCKoe "Kan no yjinnam KneBa-Bna..." Tax >Ke ^arapobaho anpejieiw, HO TOJibKO cjieayioinero roaa. Oco- 6yio pojib B aahhom cjiynae npnoöpetaet rymhjiebckoe MMeHOBaHne KneBa "3MneBbiM JioroBOM", HHKaK He cornacyiomeeca c BOCTOHHoanaBaHCKon snnheckofi (n (JîoxibKJiopHOH B uejiom) TpaxumneH, HO, BO3MO>KHO, OTHacTH npejyrotobjiaiomee iviahtetbujtamobckoe HaaeneHne ropo^a XTOHnnecKHMH nph3hakamh - cobmeuiehnem KanecTB cjienotbi H ryöhtejibhon 3panecTH, HTO, B CBOK) onepcnb, OTCbiJiaeT K ahajih3hpyemomy aajiee MOTHBV 3peHna, pa^om CBOHX CMbicjioBbix napa\ietpob coothocamemyca c rymhjiebckoh mmnen xy^o>kectbehhoro M upa MaH^enbuiTaMa. B TO aœ Bpeiwa, HMCHHO o6pa30m OBH,nMa c ero abhbimh "akmencthheckhmm" KOHHOTauHflMH BBO/mTca nephomopckaa TeMa, oohapyaaibalomaa cambie uunpokne CMbicjiOBbie napaxuiejin. OäHOH M3 mabhbix win pacciviatpnbaemoro KOHTeKCTa abjiaetca cnocoöhoctb o6pa3a Mopa coeflmhatbca c o6pa30m POCCHH (KaK, HanpHMep,: oôpueciemch Poccun Had MopeM uephbim u znyxum [I, 123]) - BnjiOTb no nojihoro "Hajio>KeHHa" 3rax o6pa30b jspyr Ha apyra - CM. B "Oeo^o- CMH": IJbizanbCKuii <...> omkpbui MHe comhamôymmeckuù jiandiuacpm, e KomopoM JKwi. CoMoe znaenoe e smom Jiandiuacpme 6bui npoean, o6pa3oeaeiuuùcr Ha uecme Poccuu. Hepnoe Mope nadeunyjiocb do camoit Heem; zycmue, KOK dezomb, eoiihbi ezo JIU30JM rwumbi HcaaKitx, c mpayphoü nenoüpasöueanucb o cmynenu Cenama [II. 399]. KpoMe Toro, HTO aahhbifi <j)parmeht BBOJXHT cyinectbehhbin ana paccmatpnbaemofi nepcnekthbbi o6pa3 Terra (ahajim3npyembin aajiee B CBa3M C MeTanosranecKon npoöjiemathkom H, B HaCTHOCTM, JIMHHOCTbK) AxMaTOBOn), OH 06pa3yeT CMblCTO- Boe nejioe c cjjpanviehtom npetbitymen rjiabbi "<t>eotochn" - "HanajibHHK nopta", rae o6pa3 Mopa coe^hhaetca c o6pa30m Tejiec{)OHa: AneKcandp Anexcandpoeun npocbinajicx emecme c MopeM. Ho KOK O6W,OJICH OH C MopeM? Oôiuancx OH C MopeM no me.iecpohy [II, 395], - HTO B03BpamaeTK ynommhabuienca Bbime abhon KOMÖHHaunn o6pa3a MopcKoro una n TeneqooHa B craxotbopehmh "TeTetj)OH" H HMnjiHUHTHoH (npoachawmefica npn o6pamehhn K BHCTCKCTOBOH peajibhocth) - B "HTO nowt Hacbi-KV3HeHHK..." 46. 3Tecb >Ke MOA'eT 6biTb ynomahvto n aecatoe CTnxoTBopeHne 33
H3 unkjia "ApMeHMa". BBOOTujee "nojsiojihyio" Teiviy, KOMÖHHHpyeMyio c o6pa30m HacoBujHKa (B03BpamaiomMM K ynomhhabineiviycfl Hanajiy rnabbi "B He no HHHV öapctbehhoh ujyöe", MMeiomeMy KOJiopHCTMnecKne napajuiemi c axmatobckon no33heh): KCIK öydmo e zocmu eodnuan deea K nacoeufiiky nod3emhomy npuuma [III, 39], - nphhem phtmh'ieckm.aahhbih TeKCT 1930 roaa 6JIH30K "MaüpHrajiy" 1913 roxia, cipoamemycfl Ha pa3bmthh pycajibhoii o6pa3hocth: M nped niodbmu pycanm euhoeama - 3eneHozjia3an e MopcKoü mpaee! [I, 81]; cp. axmatobckoe "MHe Gojibine Hor MOHX He Ha^o...": MHe óoiibiue HOZ MOUX He nado, Tlycmb npeepamnmch e pbiöuü xeocm! [AxMaTOBa 1989: T. 1, 59], - M: y npyda pyeamy KJIUKCHO, A pycama yjviepna [AxMaTOBa 1989a: 64] 47. TaKHM o6pa30m, CTHXH H npo3a ManneJibuiTaMa /lecatbix TOäOB oohapywn- BaioT paa CMbicjiOBbix napajuiejieh c OöIUMMM xyaowectbehhbimh nphhnnnamm akmeh3ma B TOM BHüC B KaKOM OH nphcytctbobaji B pycckoh n033hh B 1912-1916 rojiax. 3TO OTHOCHTCA npe>kae Bcero K onpeaejiehhomy Ha6opy KynbTypHbix CHMBOJIOB, OOHapy^KHBaiOlUHXCa B MaHjejIbLUTaMOBCKOM TBOpieCTBe H npflmo 3aBMCHMbix OT akmencthheckoh TeopHH - o6pa3am A^aMa, Ocupbi, POCCHH, KaMHfl, Mopa, jyiiih, apxhtektypbi H My3biKH. C TeopeTMnecKHMM noctynatamh akivieh3ma CBH3aHO H nphcvtctbhe B MaHnejibiiiTaMOBCKOM TBopnecTBe aecatbix ro,a,ob peryiwphbix oôpamehhh K (})HrypaM MHpa ebponefickofi KyjibTypbi - EßpHnHay. OBHOTHO, BHHOHV. LUeHbe. IlyuiKHHy. Hanôonee nojiho MaH,n,eJibiiiTaMOBCKoe nohhmahhe ak\ien3ma B 3TOT nepnoji OTpa>KaioT TaKHe npoh3bejiehha, KaK cratbh "YTpo akmeh3ma" H "O cooecejmnke". o^hobpeiviehho OTpa>KaK)mHe H Teopera i iec- KHe noctyjiatbi akmeh3ma, H Te cnenh^nneckhe CMbicnoBbie 3Jie\ieHTbi, KOTopbie ctahyt OCHOBOH xyzioykectbehhoro MHpoB033peHHfl MaH^eJibuiTaMa B 6ojiee no3^hhe nepnoabi ero TBopnecTBa. B TO >Ke Bpeivia, HMCHHO C Haiajia aechtbix roaob HaHHHaeT CKJiaabiBaTbca H pa3bhbatbch nosthieckmh.zuiajior MaHaejibWTa- Ma c AxMaTOBOH H TyMHJieBbiM, HaxoÄHiHHH CBoe BonjiomeHHe Kan B anarore UHTaT, Tax H B CHCTeivie "nepekpecthbix", MHorocTyneHnaTbix Koppejumnfi Koivino- HeHTOB onpe^ejiehhoro Ha6opa cemahraneckhx 3JieivieHT0B,.zmyacneKTHbix no cboen (JjyHKUHOHajibHon ophehtmpobahhocra. C ojmoü CTopoHbi, OH npoaojixaet cmbicjiobyro SBOJHOUHIO y>ke ccjïopmhpobabujehcfl "akmencthheckoh" o6pa3hocth MaH^ejibuJTaMa B HanpaBJieHnn ee ycjiovkhehna. C.rpyroH CTopoHbi, 3TOT Ha6op o6pa3yet COöCTBCHHO "axmatobcko-rymnjiebckyro" nepcnekthby MamiejibiiJTaMOB- CKoro TBop i iectba, HOcaiJuyK) öojiee jihhhoctho-ömorpacjjhheckhh xapaktep. B 3TOT nepnoji TBopnecTBa c Ha3BaHHbiMH JIHHHMMH cocanhfliotcfl o6pa3bi HOHH, 3Be3.n, 3HMbi, HOMHoro (nephoro) cojmna, Tejiecj)OHa, TeaTpajibHaa CHMBOJiHKa n MOTHB nojieta. CneuM(j)H i ieckoh MepTon 3THX ceiviahthheckhx MO^enefi BbicTynaeT HX nphmaa coothecehhoctb c MeTaTeKCTyajibHOH npoöjieiviathkoh, KOTopaa Hepa3pbi- 34
BHO CBfl3aHa c wah/tejibiijtamobckoh peuenuneh akmeh3ma Ha BceM npotfl>kehhh ero TBopqecTBa. nphmehahhx l.ilphme4atejibh0 H TO o6ctofltejibctbo, HTO He MeHee H3BecTHoe axmatob- CKoe cpabhehhe no33hh c "BejiHKOnenHOH HHTaTofi" HMeeT rymhjiebckhh noatekct; CM.: [JleBHH. Ceraji, THMCHHHK, TonopoB. LJ,HBbflH 1975: 74], [THMCHHHK 1975: 219]. - Cp. B MaHaeJibiiJTaMOBCKOH CTaTbe "O nphpo^e cjioba" MeTacj)opHHecKoe yka3ahhe Ha HMTaTy xax cjiopmy coxpahehhfl (pwionozuu >KH3HH: )Ku3Hb Po3ciHoea - cmepmb <...> u ojkecmonehhüh 6opb6a 3a 3tcu3Hb, Komopaa meruiumcx. e cjioeen- Kcix u pa3zo6opnukax, e KciebmKcix u ifumamax [I, 223]. 2.K Teiwe "MaHjj;ejibWTaM H akmeh3ivi" CM.: [JICBHH, Ceraji, THMCHHHK, TonopoB, IiHBbflH 1975]; H3 nocjieühhx pa6ot cp.: [Xa3aH 1992a], [JleKMaHOB 1997]; 06 akmehcthheckoh no3thke B uejiom CM.: [THMCHHHK 1974; 1981], [JICBHH, Ceran, THMCHHHK, TonopoB, IinBbHH 1975], [THMCHHHK, TonopoB, UHBBHH 1978], [Ceraji 1979], [TonopoB 1979], [Rusinko 1979; 1982; 1987; 1988] H pp. Cp. samenahne M.Jl.racnapoBa 06 onpeaenehhom cyaxhhh nohsthh "akmeh3m" B COBPCMCHHOH HayKe: "AxMaTOBa H MaH/jenbiuTaM npojiojdkajih omymatb ceöa "akmenctamh" no KOHua pneu, H y HCTOPHKOB jihtepatypbi CJIOBO "akmeh3m" Bce name ctano 03Ha- HaTb COBOKynHOCTb OÖLHHX TBOpneCKHX OCOÖeHHOCTeH HMeHHO 3THX ÜByX n03tob - nawe ecjih OHH He HMCJIH Hnnero oômero c aekjiapauhhmh 1913 ro/j;a" [racnapob 1993: 43]. 3.CpaBHeHHe AxMaTOBOH c KynbTypHbiMH nepcohawamh (ujnpoko ynotpeö- JTHBiueeoi Kan en camok), TaK H MHOFHMH abtopamh Hanajia BeKa) BbixojjHJio 3a npe^ejibi COöCTBCHHO JiHTepaTypHoii Hrpbi: "repohhh, KOTopbix AxMaTOBa no BHeiHHHM HJIH BHyTpeHHHM nphhhham CBH3bIBaJia C C060H, B HTOre CJiyjKHJIH CBOero pojja TepMHHOM cpabhehhfl, HrpaiiH ponb pamkh HJIH CCTKH, KJiaccHC^HUHpyiomen HJIH nporh03hpyk>meh nponcxo,nflmee" [LJ,HBbHH 1974: 105]. 4.06 MrpoBOH, npohhheckoh coctabjmromeh no3thkh akmen3ma CM.: [JleBHHTOH 1989b]. - Oco6aa TeaTpajibHaa atmoecjjepa, npncytctbobabujaa B "Bpojxanen coöake" (H BcnoMHHaeMaH MaHjejibimaMOM B onepke 1922 ro.ua 'TpoTecK", B 3TOH CBH3H noixpoôho ahajih3npyemom aajiee), HauiJia CBoe OTpa>Ke- HHe He TOJibKO B 'TTosMe 6e3 repoa", HbH "öajiethan" nphpojja OTMenajiacb HeoJXHO- KpaTHo (nojjtpoöhbifi ahajih3 CM. B: ßKnpMyHCKHH 1971: 168-173]; H3 nocjie,n.hhx pa6otcp.: [Rosslyn 1990]), HO H B ujytohhbix cuehax TyMHJieBa "Hrpa", npe^ha3- HaHaBijjHXCîi JXJIH noctahobkh B "BpoOTHeö coöake" (CM.: [IlapHHC, THMCHHHK 35
1983: 200-201]). CuMnTOMaraHHO, HTO H HeKOTopbie jpyrne jj;pamath4eckhe onbitbi FyMHJieBa aktyajih3hpobajih BHeTeKCTOBbiepeajiMH, cba3bibaacb HJIH C 6Horpacj)H4ecKHMM 4>aKTaMH (KaK, HanpHMep, "floh >KyaH B ErHnTe"), HJIH Teope- THMecKHMH noctyjiatamh akmeh3ma (KaK "AKTCOH"; CM.: [Basker 1985]; cp.: [Rusinko 1992]). O pojih TeaTpajibHOH Teivibi B TBopnecTBe camoro MaHaenbiiJTaMa CM.: [Ceraji 1975]. 5.0 CBA3H Hrpbl C HCKyCCTBOM B CaMOM ILIHpOKOM KyjibTyponorHHecKOM KOHTeKCTe CM.. HanpHMep: [XefbHHra 1992], [JloTMaH 1967]. 6.KoMMeHTapHH K 3TOMy TeKCTy CM. B: [CTpyBe 1992: 16], [BacHJieHKO. OpeHjHH 1990: 326-327], [KO6PHHCKHH 1991]. 7.Bepo»THO, B aahhom cjiynae pe4b MOKCT HATH O TaKOH OCO6CHHOCTH akmehcthheckoh n03thkh, nph KOTOpOH "H3MeHHK)TCfl He TOJlbKO rpahhhbl H cemahthheckah CTpyKTypa xahpa M TeKcra, HO H rpahhubi Meaocy no3th4eckhm TeKCTOM H BHenOJIO>KHbIM MHpOM <...>. n03th4eckhh TeKCT <...> CTpeMHTCfl K TOMy, HTOÔbl CTaTb nphmblm OTKJIHKOM Ha BHenOJIOJKHyK) CHTyaUHK) <...>. B npuhhhne CHTyauHfl npcanojiaraetca 6ojiee HJIH MeHee H3BecTHofi. nostomy B CTHXOTBopeHHH HeT Hy>K/j;bi nepecka3bibatb ee B cootbetctbyioujeh xo;xy coöbirafi nocjiejjobatejibhocth H BO BceH nojihote jj,etajieh. HHTaTejib npnrjiauiaetcfl K 3anojiHeHHK) JiaKyH TeKCTa Ha ochobe Been CHiyauHH, HO npakthheckh nponcxouyn o6pathoe: 4HTaTenb BOCCTaHaBJiHBaeT CHTyaunio no TeKCTy, KOTopbiH JiHiiib othacth no3bonaet ocymectbhtb TaKyio pekohctpykhhio" [JleBiiH, Ceran. THMCH- 4HK, TonopoB, UHBbHH 1975: 74]. 8.CM., HanpHMep: [TonopoB 1981: 31], [THMCH4HK 1987], [Kau, THMCH4HK 1989: 60-61], [AoueHKO 1993] nap. 9.CM., HanpHMep, nobectb F.Ojioôepa "MpojjHajia", nbecy O.Yanjibaa "CajiOMea". no3my C.MajuiapMe "Mponnajia" H,up. H3 HenHTepaTypHbix (jjaktob MO>KHO Ha3BaTb TaKHe npuhuhnnajibhbie jjvrm nosthkh MOjiepHa npoh3be/j;ehhfl KaK KapTHHbi r.kjihmta "IOaH({)b" (1901 ro/i) H "CajioMea" (1909 roji), cootbetctbviouihe paöotbi O.BepjxcjiH H P.Jlapuja H ap., ôajietbi "CajioMea" (1903 ro.n, BeHa). "Tparcmia CajioMen" (1907 ro/j;, fiaph>k), "ÜJiHCKa CaJiOMen" (1908 roß, rietep- 6ypr) H up. riphme4atejibh0 BKJii04eHHe onepbi A.H.CepoBa "IO,E[H(j)b" (cuehbi oprhh H (})HHaji) H öajieta "Tpareana CajioMeH" (My3biKa O.LÜMHTTa, xopeorpa- (])na B.r.PoMaHOBa) B peneptyap "jiarnjiebckhx ce30hob" B FlapH>Ke (cootbetctbeh- HO B 1909 H 1913 ro/jax). 3^ecb >Ke cp. o MaHaeJibiinraMOBCKOM noceujehhh KOHuepTa P.LUTpayca H Bne4aTJieHHH. npoh3bejxehhom Ha Hero "TaHueM Cajio- Men" BecHOH 1908 ro.ua B IlapHxe, B: [KapnoBH4 1988: 110]. 10.CM. BOcnoMHHaHHH A.KoHapaTbeBa, ojjhoro H3 COBPCMCHHHKOB He/j;o6- pobo: "HesaMeTHo juin Apyrnx STOT 4ejiOBeK 6bui 33KOHo,zraTejieM BKycoB H 36
BfloxHOBeHHbiM cjiobom CBOHM 3acTaBjmn OKpyacaiomHX ero MOJiojbix nhcatejiefi BoenpHHHMaTb TOT HJiH HHOH B3rjiH^ Ha HCKyccTBO, HCTopnio M jmtepatypy" [THMeHHHK, JlaBpoB 1976: 62]; 06 3nn30.ae memm He^oöpoBO cboefl Tpare^HH AxMaTOBOH H AHpeny CM. B: [OjieHiiJMaH 1989: 180-181]. - "TnnojiorHHecKHe" napajuiejih K AaHHOMy CMbicjioBOMy KOMnjieKcy CM. B: [LUHHäHH 1994b]. 1 1.Cp. TOHKy 3peHMH T.A.HeBHHTOHa O nphcytctbhh y akmehctob "He TOJIb- KO "cepbe3hbix" acnektob B KOMHHCCKHX craxax, HO H "KOMMHCCKHX", TOHHee HpOHHHeCKHX HJIH Kpy)KKOBbIX, "nphbathblx" MOTHBOB, CKpbITbIX B CTHXaX "ßblCO- KHX", "cepbe3hbix". Ewa JiH Hy>KHO orobapnbatb, HTO HajiHHHe TaKHX MOTHBOB He "otmehaet" H He "KOMnpoMeTHpyeT" OCHOBHOTO, BbicoKoro CMbicna Tex >Ke TeKCTOB" [JleBHHTOH 1989b: 42]; cp.: [JICBHHTOH 1989a; 1994a]. B öojiee oömem nnahe MOxeT 6biTb npmbejeho 3aMenaHHe P./^.THMeHHHxa 06 "oco3hababiueficfl CaMHMH TBOpuaMH HCKyCCTBa 1910-X rojiob BHyTpeHHeH CBA3H HX HOBOH n03tmkh C oönactbk) KOMHiecKoro" [THMCHHHK 1988b: 160]. - O rcryöhhhoh MH<J)ono3THHec- KOH CBA3M HrpOBOrO, KapHaBaJTbHOTO HaHaiia C n03thheckhm TBOpHeCTBOM BOOOlHe CM.. HanpHMep: [FpHropnH 1992]. 12.Jlio6onbiTHb[M npeactabjiaetca BBe^eHHe B aahhbiö TeKCT o6pa3a anb- HHHCKoro CHera, xapakteph3yk)mero "npotarohhcta" repohhh (cmupuewuü zpyöbiü nbui, OÖJieueHHbiü e cnez cuibnuückuü [I, 87]), - CM. noapoôho pa36mpaembim aajiee "ajibnmmckhh" MOTHB. BbiCTynaiomHH B xyjco>kectbehhom MHpe MaH,nejib- LUTaMa Kan o,zma H3 (J)op\i MeTacj)opMHecKoro Bbipa>KeHMa ejuihctba pycckoh no33hh jiebathajmatoro H Hanajia ^BaauaToro BCKOB; B STOH CBîOH cp. B "TCHHHce": CnmuKOM dpnxiibi cmpymi nup: 3onomoü paxembi cmpynbi Yxpenwi u ôpocwi e Mup AuzjimaHUH eenno WHbiü! [I, 87-88]. 3,necb MO)KHO BbiCKa3aTb npejtnojio/kehhe, 4T0 rnnotethheckoe "c6jih>kehhe" cnoprabhoh nrpbi H o6pa3a AxMaTOBOH HaXOJHTCJI B "(j)ohethheckoh" 3aBHCHMOCTH, MOTHBHpOBaHHOH 3ByKOBOH ÔJIH30C- TbK) ee HMeHH Ha3BaHrao CTpaHbi, - HeTpyflHO 3aMeTHTt. HTO cnopthbhaa "nporpamma" B CTHxax MaHjiejibUJTaMa 3Toro nephoaa COCTOHT npehmymectbehho H3 ahrumhckhx BHjioB cnopta: CM. BapnaHT "TeHHHca": 3mo AHZJIUH u,eemem - Ocmpoe Mupubiü u eecejibiü... 3dpaecmeyü, meuhuca nonem [I, 243]; cp. "CnopT": UomoMKU moncmokookezo (pymöojia - KpoKetn na Jibdy u nono na Kone. <...> Lfeemem npb&tcok u ebinad duckoöona, Kozda coüdymcx e jiezkom nonorrwe ÖKopopd u KeMÖpudMC - dee npupenmix lukojibi [I, 88]. HaKOHeu, (jwhaji nocnejhero TeKCTa BBO.HHT o6pa3 ropo^kob (H demckozo xpokema MOJIOIYIKU, M ceeephbie HCIIUU zopodku [I. 88]). HCKJiiOHHTejibHO Ba>KHbiH B paccmatphbaemoh ^ajiee MeTaTeKCTyajibHOH nepcnektmbe MaH^ejibiiJTaMOBCKoro MHpa H, onebhaho, MeTacj)opHHecKH cbjoah- HblH C akmehcthieckoh CHCTeMOH n03th l ieckhx UeHHOCTeH. - K BblAeneHHK) "ahtjimmckoh" TeMbI CM. ee pa3bhthe B CTHXOTBOpeHHH 1914 ro^a "/4OM6H H CblH", 37
r\ne, B nacthocth, nohbjmetca o6pa3 nnen (KOK nuenu, ebuiemee U3 ym>n, Ponmca IflKppbl [I. 93]), B F1033HH MaHHeJIbUJTaMa VCTOHHHBO COOTHOCfllUHMCfl C JIMHHOCTbK) AxMaTOBOH (CM.: [TMMCHHMK 1974: 40-41]) H, no MHCHHIO r.a.jtebmhtoha, OT3biBa- IOUJHHCH B "CnoBe" rymhjieba (CM.: [JleBMHTOH 1994b]. 13.CM. npoh3bojibhbie nphmepbi: M domo OH 6ydem nackamb smu zpydu M 63opoM noeumb }>ck0jib3ak>ufuü 63op, A ympom, cnokouhbiù, Kpacuebiù u cmpoühbiü, OH zonoey CKJiOHum nod MetnKuù monop\ M nedapom 63opbi 3a6nucmcuiu: Pa6 de.nuji c neu CHacm.be 3moù HOHU, Jlupy nojio3wwiu e nymueü 3cuie, A nosmy eukononu onu (TyMHJieB 1991: T. 1. 354, 353]: cp. nohbjiehhe 3Toro MOTHBa B pa3bephyto0 MojxejiH HecocTOHBUierocfl noejthhka: Y3opHbiü nyx. e dyzy 6bw coznym, <...> H 3HCIJI, mno MycKynbi ne dpoznym M ocmpue naùdem meôn. <...> Ho pom meoù, 6bipe3aHHbiù cmpozo, Tawi mcikyw CMeny MyK, Hmo H e meôe yeuden ôoza M poôko ebiponim ceoù.7l/c. Tonna paöoe KO Mne Memnynacb <...>, M rmi nemieo yjibiôhynacb cma.ibhoù cexupe na.iana [TyMHJieB 1991: T. 1. 89]. 14.BepoHTHO. K "axmatobckomy" CJIOK) MO>KeT nphhaanokatb H OTHOCHIUMH- Cfl K repomhe 3nHTeT (Omeepny.nacb nenajibnoü u ZUOKOù [TyMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 139]), - M B03Bpamaiomee" K MaHjiejibLUTaMOBCKOMy: Kmo cxamcem, umo zumane ZUôKOù Bce MyKu JJanma cyxcdeubi? [I, 97]. Cp. OJHO H3 MeMyapHbix CBH^eTejibCTB, OTHOCH1UHXCH K 1910 TOJ\y H OnHCbIBaK)IHHX Hrpy B "UHpK", HHHUHaTOpOM KOTOpofi 6biJi TyMuneB: "AxMaTOBa BbicTynajia KaK ">KeHmnHa-3Mefl"; raôkoctb y Hee 6buia y^hbhtejibhaa" [HeBe^OMCKaa 1991: 79], - xapaktepho, HTO H B "HOMepe" AxMaTO- BOH oôhapy>khbaetca CB«3b c MOTHBOM OTpaBJieHHa. 15.Cp. O COMHHHBlljeHCa KOJIJieKTHBHO B 191 1 ro#y noä pykoboflctbom TyMH-.leBa ujytomhom nbece "JTioôoBb OTpaBHTejibHHua" B: [HeBe.no M CKaa 1991: 80-82]. 16.KocBeHHbiM noatbep>knehhem CKa3aHHOMy MOKCT cnyacntb 3BVKOBaa oprahh3aunh oôoux MaH,neJibiiiTaMOBCKHX TeKCTOB: TaK, o6njine conetahhh A H H, KaK H conphcytctbhe X, BO3MO>KHO. OTCbiJiaeT K HMCHM H cj)amhjihh AxMaTOBofi: CM. B "OyTÔojie": me.ioxpahume.ib. 6 HepAeHoù ôumee, HeoXpAHÏÏeMbiù. HAd mpynom 0.no(pepHA\ cp. TaK>Ke \>nj\ rjiarojiob, HMCKHUMX yaaphoe A u OKamiMBaiomi-ixcH Ha H: ompae.ien, o6e3o6pawceh, oôeccjiae.nen; CM. BO "BTopoM tjjvtöojie": paccehh, HA ôocy Hozy, ympehhuk, A HA deope, eoehhoù, oxpahhemuù, ôapaôahoe, e CILIKAX HAyKit u laöaebi, nymahuifbi cumo. B TO AX BpeMfl. ( )op- Mbi Tuna: ympehhhk, rhymmuacb, - MoryT HHTepnpeTnpoBaTbca KaK cobepmehho npo3pa i iha>i aharpamma HMCHH H (J)aMHJiHH TyMHJieBa. 06 OCO6OH pojin iimehh coôctbehhoro u CBfl3biBaeMbix c HHM aharpammathheckmx Moaejiax y MaHflejibUJTaMa CM.: [MßaHOB 1972], [POHCH 1973], [JloTMaH 1979], [TonopoB 1987] 11 jp. Cp. 3a(J3HKCHpOBaHHOe B BOCnOMHHaHHHX AxMaTOBOH ( )OHeTMMeCKOe 38
oöbirpbibahhe ee (})amhjihh MaHjiejibiuTaMOM B 1934 ro^y: "Ocnn <...> öeraji no KOMHaTe H KpHHaji: "Kan OTopBaTb AxMaTOBy OT MXAT'a?"" [AxiviaTOBa 1989: T. 3, 143]. - Cp. O B03M0>KH0M XJieÖHHKOBCKOM aharpammhpobahhh HMeHH AxMaTO- BOH B aapecobahhoh efi 'TlecHH civiymehhoro" B: [FlapHHC 1989: 71]. 17.CM.: [A^aMOBHH 1990: 96]; cp.: [FnH36ypr 1982: 369]; B KanecTBe BO3MO>K- HOrO "HCTOHHHKa" OLUHGKH VKa3bIBaJIOCb CTHXOTBOpeHHe AxMaTOBOM "OipblBOK (14 KTO-TO, BO MpaneaepeB He3pMMbifi...)" - CM.: [BacmieHKO, Opefi^MH 1990: 302], - me cjjmrypmpyet o6pa3 OTpaBHTejibHHubi-Jiio6BM. Topa3AO Ba>KHee TO HeywTeHHoe oöctohtejibctbo, HTO TeKCT co,nep>kmt MOTHB cieta ykojiob (CM.: Tbl daeno nepecmana chumamb yviojibi - Tpydb Mepmea nod octnpoü uz/ioü [AxMaTOBa 1989: T. 1, 98]), - TOMHO nobtopaiomeeca B MaHaejibuiTaMOBCKOM: Tojibxo H AxMamoeoü ykojiu üeadifcimb mpu yotce cmimaw zoda [III, 153]; cp.: [JleKMaHOB 1994]. - KocBeHHbiM noatbepx^ehhe peryjiaphocth coeznihehhfl o6pa3a AxMaTOBOM M MoraBa OTpaB- JieHHJi MO>KeT cny>khtb H xapaktephcthka r.myjikoba, OTHOcamaaoi K 191 1 roiiy: "IloHTM B Ka>KX(OM CTMXOTBopeHMH AxMaTOBOM, KaK B öokajie 6jiaroyxaHHoro BHHa, 3aKJiioHeH TaHHO CMepTenbHbiH nji npohhh" [THMCHHMK 1989d: 5]; cp. peueh- 3HK) B.HyiïOBCKoro: "51 xoteji Bbi^epxKaMH noachhtb nenanbhyio cyiuhoctb CTHXOB AHHbi AxMaTOBOM. H a eine pa3 nepennctaji BCK) KHiDKKy. nonbickwbaa npnmepbi. Ho HeT, He Hy>KHO. Hejib3fl jabatb no KanjiflM TOHKHH H AyiuncTbin nu, pa3nhtbim nobcrojry... <...> JlioôoBb HanojiHaeT BCK) KHM>KKy. <...> JlioöoBb Kan OTpaBa, KOTopow >KHBeuib" [Hy^OBCKHH 1912: 113-114]. 18.0 3HaHeHHH TBopnecTBa AHHeHCKoro juin no33hh AxMaTOBOM CM.: [Crone 1981]. [AHMKHH 1989; 1991]; [Kelly 1990]: o ero 3Ha4eHHH juw TyMHJieBa CM.: [TnMeHHHK 1987a]: K TeMe "MaHaejibiiJTaM n AHHCHCKHH" CM.: [JICBHHTOH 1977: 141-150. 163-170]: [HCBMHTOH, THMCHHHK 1978: 200-201, 206-208]. - 3acjiy>KHBaeT BHHMaHMfl TO OÔCTOHTeJIbCTBO, HTO HMeHHO B CBH3H C CJ)HrypOH AHHeHCKOrO npomc- XOJHT B "O npnpo.ne cjioba" B03BpaiueHHe K o6pa3y UHTaTbi H ero "cemefïhomy" opeojiy - CM.: d.w AnueHCKOzo no33iin öbuia domaumum denom u Eepunud öbui domciui- Hitù nucamenb, cruioiuhcix ifumama u KcißbmKu [I. 226]. - KpoMe 3Toro, He cjiymaiihbim MOAeT OKa3aTbca co;iep>kameec5i TaM >Ke coeamhehhe o6pa3a AHHeHCKoro c MeTac])opHMecKH c6jih>kaembimh pehbk) H a^om (H CHTyauHen 6opb6bi. noe^hhka): dupexmop 1/apcKOce.ibCKOÙ ZUMHCI3UU donzue Homi ôoponcr c EepunudoM, enumbiean e ceöh 3MeuHbiù nd Mydpoii 3JUIUHCKOüpemi [I, 226], 19.ripMMeHaTejibHO. HTO TeMa, BbmejiaeMaa MaHjieJibiiJTaMOM KaK aomhhah- THaa, B peueh3hh TyMHJieBa Ha TO ace npoh3beaehme OTMenaeTca nniub KaK OüHO H3 CK»KeTHbix 3BeHbeB; CM.: [rymhjieb 1991: T. 3, 135]. - O TOM, HTO o6pa3 Oejpbi cny>khji ajin TBopnecKoro co3hahhh akmehctob CBoeo6pa3HbiM KyjibTypHbiM CTepeoTHnoM, cio>kethbim "3TajiOHOM". CBH^eTenbCTByeT He rojibko xopoiuo 39
n3becthbih nacca* na CTaTbH "O nphpo^e cnoba" (AxMeucmmecKuu eemep nepeeepnyn cmpamtijbi miaccukoe u pomanmukoe, u OHU omkpbuiucb na mom COMOM Mecme, KciKoe ecezo nyxcnee 6bino dnn snoxu. PCICUH packpbuicx Ha "<Pedpe" [I, 230]), HO H "A(j)pHKaHCKMH jhebhhk" TyMHJieBa, r^e nobectbyetca o nocemehhh a6hcchhckoro TeaTpa: Ubeca obuia CJIOOKHüH, KciKoü-mo UHOUUCKUü ifapb e jiyóohho-nbiiunom KocnvoMe yenekaemca Kpacueoù HajiOMCHiiifeu <...>. HanoMCHui^a, unduückcih (pedpa, nbimaemcr oóojibcmumb npuhija u e ommmnuu om neydauu KJieeeiqem na nezo i^apw [TyMHJieB 1991: T. 2, 276-277]. - Co6jia3HHTejibHOH KaxeTca B03MO>KHOCTb ybh^etb OT3ByK (BepOflTHO, "nojiemhheckhh") MaH^ejIbLUTaMOBCKOH xapaktephcthkh AHHe- HCKoro: Bepa AHWHCKOZO e Mozyujecmeo cnoea 6e3zpanuHHa. OcoöeHHo 3CiMeHcimejibHO ezo ymenue nepedaeamb cjioecimu ece ommewcu i^eemnozo cnekinpa [I, 192], - B rymhjiebckom "OiOBe": M open ne e3maxuecui KpbuiciMu, 3ee3dbi wcajiucb e yztcace K Jiyhe, ECJIU <...> Csioeo nponnueajio e euiuuhe. A dun HU3KOÙ MCU3HU öbinu micna, <...> flomomy mno ece ommenku CMbicna YMHoe HUCJIO nepedaem TyMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 291]. 20.CHCTe\ia ceiwahthmeckhx OTHOLUCHHH, CKJiaflbiBaroujaacH B MaHflenbiiiTa- MOBCKOM MHpe BOKpyr o6pa3a KH(])apbi, noapoöho paccmotpeha B: [JICBMHTOH 1977: 139 CJI.]. - Cp. xapaktephoe coe.umhehhe o6pa30b KHtJ)ape,aa H ebphnn^obckoro TeaTpa B wpohmheckom onncahhh nopmoro MepBHca M3 "ErHneTCKOH MapKM": B MoeM eocnpunmuu Mepeuca npoceenueaiom o6pci3bi: zpeueckozo camupa, Hecnacm- Hozo neeifa-kucpapeda, epemëhomu MCICKCI eepunudoeckozo cikmepa [II, 488]. 21.CM. axmatobckoe CBHneTenbCTBo: "51 6biJia c MaHjiejibiiiTaMOM Ha UapcKOcejibCKOM BOK3ajie (10-e ro^bi). OH CMOTpeji, KaK a robopio no TenecjJOHy, i iepe3 ctekjio Ka6nHbi. Kor.ua n Bbiujjia, OH npoqen MHe STM netbipe cipokh" [AxMaTOBa 1989a: 193]. HeKOTopbie acnektbi o6pa3a Tejiecj)OHa B anajiore AxMaTOBOH H MaHaejibiiJTaMa paccmotpehbi B: [THMCHHHK 1988a: 158 en.]. - K onpeaejiehhomy HMruiHUHTHOMy coe,hhhehnio o6pa3a Tejie(j)OHa e JinpHHecKOH TeMOH, paccmatphbaemomy aajiee, CM. camoomymehhe üaphoka B "ErHneTCKoH MapKe": OH ecnomhun ceou óeccnaenbie noôedbi, ceou no3opnbie pandeey, cmoxhux na yjiuifax, mejiecpohhbie mpyöku e nuenbix, cmpauihbie, KCIK pcinbn KneiuHH... HoMepa HeHYMCHbix, omzopeeuuix mejie<pohoe... [II, 483]. 22.CM., HanpHMep: [Taranovsky 1976: 48-68. 150-152]; [Eng-Liedmeier 1974: 185-187], Cp. HexiaBHee ytohhehwe M.Jl.facnapoBa, Kacaiomeeca o6pa3a nephoro cojihua: "MaH^ejibiiiTaM 6biJi vbepeh, HTO o6pa3 3TOT BOCXOJHT K EBpMnHjry; HO 3T0 He TaK. y EBpHriH.ua ero HCT, CJIOKHJICA OH y MaanejibiiiTaMa H3 pachhobckmx o6opotob Bpojie "wephoe nnama", a no/rrekctbi ero VBOZWT K TaKHM pa3hoo6pa3- HbiM HCTOHHHKaM, KaK fopauhh, npopok HoHJib, HepBajib. Ba'i.HßaHOB, AnoKa- 40
jihnchc, BajiepHH EpiocoB H TeftHe B nepeboje TiOTHeBa" [racnapob 1993: 49]. 3aecb >Ke cp. BepoaTHyw 3aBHCHMOCTb MaH,aejibWTaMOBCKoro o6pa3a H OT TBopnecTBa BonouiHHa, ahajih3hpyemyio.najiee. 23.HHTepecHO TO o6ctoatem>ctbo, HTO npoaojdkehhe 3Toro cj)panvtehta: e HHeapcKyw cmywcy npockpunenu nono3bh caneü, yeo3ueiuux dun omneecmbx npax nosma [I, 201], - BnepBbie, KaxeTca, SKcruiHunpyeT MeTaTeKCTyajibHbifi CTaTyc MOTHBa 3MMHCH KOHHOH noe3#kh B MaH#eJIbUJTaMOBCKOM MHpe. 24.BnojiHe BO3MO>KHO, ITO CXUHOH H3 AonojiHHTejibHbix 6ecco3HaTejibHbix MOTHBHpOBOK WW TaKOrO "OTO)KaeCTBJieHHfl" MOXeT CJiy>KHTb (j)ohethhecka>i 6jiM30CTb HMeHM aktpncbi - Pawejib - H ahrjimhckoro Russia. O noaoöhoro po.ua ÖHJIHHrBMCTHHeCKMX 3ByKOBbIX KOHCTpyKHHflX y MaHHejlbUITaMa CM.: [JleBHHTOH 1979], [JloTMaH 1993: 160] H ap. KaK "THnojiorHHecKyio" napajuiejib CKa3aHHOMy MO>KHO nphbecth B03HHKHOBeHHe cogctbehho $OHeTHHecKoro acnekta "pycm(j)hka- UHM" BO3MO B "ErnneTCKOH MapKe": 3aufeKonym eü McuieHbKue yiuu: "KpeiyamuK", "ufacmue " u "ufaeeab ". Eydem eü pom pa3öupamb do ymeü Heöbiecuibiü, Heeo3MO^CHbiü 36VK "bl" [II, 467]. 25.HMeHHO 3TOT TeKCT. no npeanojiovkehhio r.a.jiebhhtoha, unrapyet AxMaTOBa B HanncaHHOM Ha ciweptb EjiOKa CTMXOTBopeHHH "A CMOJieHCKaa HbiHHe MMeHHHHMua..."; CM.: [JleBHHTOH 1994b: 37-38]. 26.AHajiH3 ÄaHHoro TeKCTa CM., HanpHMep, B: [Eng-Liedmeier 1974], [Malmstad 1977] H up. 27,OjiHH H3 TaKHX sjiemehtob 6biJi OTMeneH M.B.MeiÎJiaxoM, oöparabiiihm BHHMaHHe Ha TpoeKpaTHoe ynotpe6jiehhe B CTHXOTBopeHHH o6pa3a >KCH (CM.: Bce noiom önaxcehhbix Meen podnbie ouu [I, 149]) H conoctabhbiiihm STO C HMeHOBaHHeM AxMaTOBOH ">KeHOH" B peueh3hh Ha 'AnbMaHax My3"; CM.: [Menjiax 1975: 47]. 3^ecb ace MO>KHO OTMeTHTb H TO, HTO cometahhe "OJiaweHHbie xehbi" (JjOHeTHnecKH 6J1H3KO snhtety "HOKHbie", ynotpeôjiîiemomy B "C MHpoM ^epxabhbim a 6bui Jinuib peöflweckh CBH3aH...": om peea coôbimux MfimeoKHbix H yôeztccui K HepeudciM HU nephoe Mope, M om mozdauihux Kpacaeuv, - om mex eeponennok mokhbix - CKOJibKo H npuhrji CMymeHbH, nadcadbi u zopnl [III, 43], - npnnem "MHTOKHMM coöbithhm" nocbjuneho CTHXOTBopeHHe "KaccaHjpe", a HMeHHO BCKope nocjie B03BpaiueHHfl c HepHoro Mopa HanncaHO "B netep6ypre Mbi conjiemca CHOBa...". 28.npOAOJl>KeHHe npohhthpobahhoh CTpOKH: TojlbKO 3HOÙ MOmop 60 MZJie npommimcn M KyKyuiKoü npokpumim [I. 149], - Haxo/WT CBoeo6pa3Hyio napajuiejib c nphbothmblmh MaHaejIbLUTaMOM B 3aMeTKe "A.BJIOK" ÔJIOKOBCKHMH CTpOKaMH: CM.: eepiuima ucmopimeckoü nosmuku EJIOKQ <...> - smo "LUazu KoMcmdopa". <...> (Titxuü, nephbiü, KCIK coea, Momop... M3 cmpanbi ösicimcehhoü, He3HciK0M0Ü, danbheù 41
cjibiwho neme nemyxa) [II, 254], - c o^hobpemehhbim nphcytctbmem snhteta "6jra}KeHHbiH" H HMnjiMKaunefi o6pa3a ^OHHM AHHM, HTO He MoaceT He Bbi3biBaTb accouhauhh c JiHHHOCTbio AxMaTOBOH - cp., HanpHMep: [TonopoB 1981]: CM. O nyiukhhckom "KaMeHHOM rocte" B CB33M C axmatobckhm TBopnecTBOM B: [Sandler 1992]; B 6ojiee uinpokon nepcnekthbe K Teiwe "AxMaTOBa H ElyiuKHH", aktyajibhoh B CBH3H C OnpCHeJieHHblM MaH^eJIbUlTaMOBCKHM "c6jih>kehhem" 3THX abtopob, CM.: [Ketchian 1990]. K nosthneckhm B3anMOOTHOUjeHHHM BnoKa, AxMaTOBofi H TyMHJieBa CM.: [KO3JIOB 1994]. 29.3^ecb ace BCBHHKaeT B03MO>KHOCTb BepHyTbCH K npenbiaymemy nphmena- HHK>. H OTMeTHTb euie O/WH B03MO)KHbIH "axmatobckhm" acnekt "3Ta HOHb HenonpaBMMa...", CBH3aHHbifi c ynotpeönehhem o6pa3a 6jiaroflaTn: Enazodamu He imex, M cexufehcmea nuiueubi, B ceerwiom xpcwe uydeu Omneeanu npax otcemi [I, 124]. CM. TOHKy 3peHHa M.B.Mefijiaxa: "CJIOBO "ÖJiaro^aTb". coctabjuuomee 3HaneHHe JIHHHCTO HMCHM AxMaTOBOH, «BJiaeTca BMecTe c npoh3bc\zmbimh Kinone- BblM nph OnHCaHMH OCHOBHblX BeX B >KH3HH repomhh, OCMblCJUieMblMH B CBeTe 3Toro 3HaHeHH5i" [Menjiax 1975: 45]; STHM >Ke HccjiejiOBaTejieM nphbo^htca oöuihphbim CBOJI KOHTeKCTOB, B KOTopbix (j)hryphpyet o6pa3 ÖJiamnaTH H SnHTeT "6na>KeHHbiM" (CM.: [Mefuiax 1975: 45-50]), - nph TOM, HTO noariezihmh, B nacthoc- TM, B03BpamaeT K "B netepôypre Mbi connemca choba...". KpoMe Toro, c Bcrpena- KiiuHMCH B "3Ta HOMb HenonpaBMMa..." H "3aMeTKax o LLIeHbe" o6pa30m KOJibi6ejiH cp. ero "npeabocxhuiehhe" B axmatobckom CTHXOTBopeHHH 1914 ro;xa (coziep)kamem H MOTHB 6jiarojaTH): Ebui ÖJiajfceHHOü Moeü KOJibi6enbK> TeMHbiü zopod y cpo3hoü peku [AxMaTOBa 1989a: T. 1. 144]; KpoMe Toro, HTO AaHHbifl TCKCT HMOUH- UHpyeT o6pa3 IieTep6ypra, OH coaepjkmt eme H o6pa3 cepa(])hmob, nohbjifliomnxch B npeaenbho JIHHHOCTHOM KOHTCKCTC (CM.: mopokecmeennou 6pauHoü nocmenbio, Had Komopoü depzkcwu eeuku Monodbie meou cepaipumbi [AxMaTOBa 1989: T. 1. 144]). HTO 3acTaBJiaeT BcnoMHHTb o "KaHUOHe nepbofl" TyMHTeBa. 30.KpoMe "conpncytctbha" o6pa3a üyuikhha B CTaTbe "CKPHöHH n xphcthahctbo", cjia6bie cjie,nbi 3Toro o6pa3a MO>KHO oöhapywhtb H B "3Ta HOHb Henonpa BMMa...", KaK H3BeCTHO, HanHCaHHOM B CBH3H CO CMepTbK) MaTepH n03ta; Cp. B 3TOH CBH3H rnaby "KHM}KHbiH ujkan" "LUyMa BpeMeHH": Euie ebaue cmofuiu McimepuHCKue pycckue KHUzu - TlywKUH e mdamiu McaKoea - cembdecxm luecmozo zoda. <..> Moü uccikoeckuii TlyiUKUH öbui epncxe HUKüKOZO ifeema, <...> - 3cimpane3Hax xpacoma, nonmu (piomecxah npe.iecmb Moezo McimepuHCKozo IJyuiKiiHci mcik MHOW oiqyufaemcx. Ha nem Hadnucb pbimcimu nepuujiamu: "YneHUife Hl-zo KJiacca 3a ycepdue" [II, 356], 31.ripo3aHHecKafl "ochoba" axmatobckom no33hh OTMenajiacb Heo^HOKpaT- HO: CM.. HanpHMep: [JleBMH. Ceraji. THMCHHHK. TonopoB, UwBbHH 1974: 53-58]; H3 nocjieahhx pa6otcm.: [TonopoB 1990: 287-288 en.]. 42
32.Hepe3 Haöop npomokytohhbix cemahthheckmx 3BeHbeB "TeaTpajibHbifi" 3nH3oa "ErHneTCKOH MapKH" MO/KeT 6biTb cootheceh H C nyuikhhckoö TCMOH - cpa3y nocjie Bonpoca 06 AHHC KapeHHHOH cjie^yet 3aMenaHHe: y anmunhocmu 6bui cimcpumeamp, a y HCIC - y HO6011 Eepomi - npycbi. M m (ppeckcix Cmpaumozo cyda u e onepe. Edunoe Mupoouiyufemie [II, 485], - HTO conocrabhmo c Heo^HOKpaTHO ynomh- HaeMbiMH jajiee "HKOHOcracoM" neperopo^kh nopraoro MepBHca H3 "ErnneTCKOH MapKH" H (jjpeckamh CTpaujHoro cyzia H3 "LUyMa BpeivieHM" c HX jihtepatyphbimh M, B HaCTHOCTH, nyujkhhckhmh accouhauhhmh. 33.CM.: [JICBHHTOH 1989a: 44]; cp. o xapaicrephom juin akmemcthheckofi no3thkm OTcyTCTBHM HCTKOH rpahhubi MOKjy abtopom H repoem B: [JleBMH, Ceraji, TnMeHHHK, TonopoB, LlnBbHH 1974: 69-70]. 34.npn 3TOM cjieayet ynhtbmatb npeaenbho UHTaTHbiH xapaxtep 3Toro TeKCTa; CM., HanpnMep: [TapaHOBCKMÎi 1969]. - HeoaHOKpaTHO paccmatpnbabujheca y MaH.rejibiJj.TaMa MOTHB flbixahhh H CBH3aHHbiH c HHM o6pa3 B03/j,yxa c HX OTMeTJiHBbiH MeTaTeKCTyajibHbiM 3ByiaHHeM OKa3biBaiOTCH 3HannMbi M juin no3th4eckoro MMpa AxMaTOBofi, rjie OHH MoryT BCTpaHBaTbca B akmehcraneckyio nepcnekthby - CM. npe/jjiojio/kehhe P./J.THMeHHHKa o 3aBHCMMOcra npncytctbyiomeß B axmatobckoh no33hh CBîOH o6pa30b CTHxa,.ubixaHHH H jjyujh OT xyao>kect- BeHHoro MHpoB033peHH5i FyMUJieBa; CM.: [THMCHHHK 1975: 215-216]. 35.HecMOTpa Ha Ka>Kymyioca Be/tymefi jum "3a TO. HTO H pykh TBOH He cymeji yjep>katb..." KyjibTypHO-MCTopHHecKyio TeMy. peajibho, KaK STO ôbijio nokaiaho M.Jl.racnapoBbiM, CTHXOTBopeHHe no CBoeMy nepbohanajibhomy HMnyjibcy CTpoHJiocb Ha pa3bhthh jtk)6obhoh TeMbi (CM.: [racnapob 1986]). 36.PaccMaTpHBaa cneuh([)hky coe/uihehhfl MOTHBa ühkocth C o6pa30m xyao/kectbehhoro TeKCTa B TBopnecTBe AxMaTOBOH H MaH/iejibiiJTaMa, B.Xa3aH, B HacTHOCTH. OTMenaeT npohcxoaamee y STHX no3tob nepeocmbicjiehhe "COCTOAHHA 'T.HKOCTH' rjiabhblm o6pa30m KaK nepbopo^hocth H MHHUHaJIbHOCTH TBOpneCKOH CTHXHH" [Xa3aH 1992a: 193], - H octahabjihbaetca Ha ahajm3e o6pa3a /JJKKOH nechh, Ha3biBaa B inane ero B03MO>KHbix HCTOHHHKOB 'Tlnp BO BpeM» nymbi" M "U,biraHe" (CM.: [Xa3aH 1992a: 193-194]), HTO HCKJiroHHTeiibHO Ba>KHO juin co,nep>kamehc>i ^ajiee HHTepnpeTauHM MaH.n.ejibuJTaMOBCKoro craxotbopehhji "CerojiHH HO'ibw, He cojiry...". 37.Cp. pa3bhthe 3THX B3rjMji.OB B "no3,hheakmemcth>ieckoh" ctatbe "O npupote cjioba", rjxe o6paujehhe K o6pa3v AMepHKH npohcxo/j;ht B "a/ramnctckon" TepMHHOJiorHM: Eepona 6e3 tpwio.iozuu - dcimce ne ÄMepuxa; smo - nueimiaoecihhcir Caxapa, npokjixmax EOZOM, Mep3octm 3anycmeHun. <...> AMepuKci nymue dinoù <...> Eeponbi. AMepuKCi <...> edpyz 3Ciee.ia ceôe coôcmeehhyio cpiuionozuk), omkyda-mo ebikoncuia YumMeua, u OH, KCIK noebiù AöüM, cmcui daeamb iwehci eeiucim [I. 225]: TaM 4:
>Ke CM. nohbjiehne BHÄ0H3MeHeHH0H cj)opivibi MOTMBa ähkocth: He npopacmem y HCIC dukoeuhhbiù nosm epode 3dzapa Flo [I, 225], KcTara, OTHacrn cxo^hyio xapaktepn- CTMKy, othocamyioch K öojiee oömemy njiahy, aaet YnTMeHy TyMiineB B Heonyôjin- KOBaHHOM npeamcjiobhh 1920 rojia K côophhky nepeboziob Eoanepa (HTO, KOHCM- HO. He o3haiaet 3HaKOMCTBa MaHaejibuJTaMa c STHM TCKCTOM, HO MOKCT KOCBCHHO cbi-wetejibctbobatb o KaKHX-TO OôUJHX juin TyMMJieBa M MannejibuiTaMa TeMax ecjih He pa3robopob, TO pa3mbinijiehhh); CM.: IJo3in nonyecmeoeaji ceôn eceuenoee- KOM, MuposdciHbeM dcimce, opzcihom pemi ecezo cyufecmeywufezo u cma.i zoeopumb ne cmojibko om ceoezo coöcmeennozo miifa, cxonbxo om nuip eooópa^caemoeo, cyufecmeyiouiezo Jiuuib e eosmojtchocmnx, nyecme u MHemiù xomopozo OH nacmo ne pcadennji, - H rymhjiebckoe nphmenahhe: 3ma meopux ebipaotcena onem npxo, xomn e no/iynyôjiutfucmuuecxoü cpopme, no33ueù Yoma YumMena [TyMHJieB 1991: T. 3. 204-205]. 38.roBopfl o rymmjiebckom BJIMHHHM Ha (j)opmhpobahhe y MaH,aejibuJTaMa o6pa3a juikapeh cjieayet yihtbibatb OGICKTHBHO nphcytctbyiomyio B TaKoß CHTyauHM 3aBHCHMOCTb OT paccka30b TyMHJieBa o ero acj)phkahckhx nyteujectbm- Hx, - CM., HanpHMep, nncbmo T.HyjiKOBa o npoihtahhom TyMHJieBbiM 5 anpejia 1911 ro,na B pejxakhhm "AnoJiJiOHa" aokjiajie "o.zmkapax, 3Bepax H nrauax" [TuMeHHHK. JlaBpoB 1976: 76]. 3,necb >Ke MO>KHO yka3atb Ha coeahhehhe KaTeropHH KyjibTypbi H o6pa3a ühkapefl B npeflnojiarabiuefich K HanncaHHio B 1914 rojiy CTaTbe "AcfP MKaHCKOe HCKyccTBo": CKppuxciHcxoe uckyccmeo - dnx MHOZUX dino conemcihiie ciioe noxaokemcn cmpcihhbim. Bedb MM npuebikjiu cnumamb uckyccmeo HcicmbK) xyjibmypbi, a ccmy xyjibmypy nonumamb KCIK cnocoónocmb K Haxoruiemiio ihcihuù u oufyufenuü <...>. Taxoii xyjibmypbi cpedu atppuxancxux wiemen deücmeumeibho Hein <...>, Mbi HCixoduM öandbi diixcipeii [TyMHJieB 1991: T. 3. 221]. 39.riOMHMO CHMnTOMaTHHHOrO, XOTfl JlOrHHeCKH H OÖyCJIOBJieHHOrO. HOHBJieHHfl B 3TOM KOHTeKCTe o6pa3a AMepHKH, CJiejiyeT yhhtbibatb B03MO>KHOCTb nphcvtctbhh B MaHjejibLUTaMOBCKOH xapaktephcthke HMa>KHHHCTOB neph({)pa3a jahhoh rvmhjiebbim ouehkh ero coöctbehhoro TBopnecTBa (o nem robophtca jajiee), MTO MO>KeT CJiy>KHTb KOCBeHHbIM,HOKa3aTeJIbCTBOM H3BCCTHOH 3aBHCHMOCTH "jhkapckoh" MeTacj)opHKH MaH^enbUJTaMa OT cootbetctbyromnx B3rjm^OB TyMHJieBa. 40.06 3TOH HepTe no3thneckoh CHCTeMbi MaHjiejibinTaMa CM.. HanpHMep: [JleBHH 1975c: 154 CJI.]. 41 06 o6pa3e HÖnona y MaHiiejibLUTaMa CM.. HanpHMep: [Myers 1991: 30-33]: ocoöehho Ba>KHO TO, HTO HCCJicuoBaTejibHHua paccmatphbaet 3TOT o6pai B Henocpe^CTBeHHOH CBH3H c MOTHBOM npmcarn, KJiHTBbi, ahajih3hpyembimh jiajiee. 42.0 cepuh cemahthmeckh.x TpaHccj)opMaHHH rojioba-mah-hôjioko B MaHjie- TbLUTaMOBCKOH no33hh CM.: [LUHHUHH 1994b: 88]. 44
43.B CBH3H C UHTaTOH H3 "CTHXOB O HeH3BeCTHOM COJI^aTe" OKa3bIBaeTCH B03MO>KHbiM nphbjiehehhe no3mbi XjieÖHHKOBa "BoHHa B MbiuiejioBKe" (CM.: [Mßa- HOB 1990: 362]); CM.: Pope ecim, zope ecim, Mcumenu nci3yx, <...> TOHHO na 6/ifode <...> TJodaHbi eom zopbi MyoKHUH. Ecnu ecmcui OH, npuuecem emy nepen 3c [XJKöHH- KOB 1987: 458]. HecMOTpa Ha 6e3ycjiOBHoe pa3jimhhe B SMonHOHajibHon OKpaiueH- HOCTM, 3TOT OTpblBOK BnOJIHe COnOCTaBMM C UHTHpOBaBUIHMCH MaH^ejIbUJTaMOB- CKMM: ôypuhôjioko <...> na cmekhhhhom ô.niode oôncikci IJocmaeuMneme nocepedune [II, 49], - TeM öojiee, HTO o6a TeKCTa HMeiOT OTHeTüHByio ahthboehhyio HanpaBJieH- HOCTb. 44.Cp. o phmckoh H CKH(j)CKOH npoöjiemarake B Kpyry HHTepecoB npe^uject- BOBaBiiiero COöCTBCHHO akmew3my "LJexa nostob" B: [THMCHMHK 1974: 32]. 45.CM.: [Meftjiax 1988]; cp. 6ojiee ncupoöhbifi BapnaHT B: [Meilakh 1990]; ahajin3 HeKOTopbix KyjibTypHO-HCTopHHecKHX peajihh "Kan no yjiimam KneBa- BHH..." CM. B: [Jonge 1992]. - O^HOBpeMeHHO c 3TMM, conetahhe "MMCHH" ropoja c HMeHeM ( )OJibKJiopHO-JiHTepaTypHoro nepcoha>ka MOKCT 6biTb conoctabjieho c npncytctbyiomhmh B MaH,nejibuiTaMOBCKOM MHpe HOMHHauHHMH yjihu no ahajio- TMM c (JjaMHJiMaMH cobpemehhbix emy jihtepatopob - CM. "flyuikhh MMeeT npocnekt, njiamehhbim JiepMOHTOB TO>Ke..."; cp. "CMeprabiH, OTKyßa nzieuib? - 51 6biJi B roctflx y LLInjieHKO...". B STOT )Ke pan BKJiiOMaeTCH H TCKCT 1935 ro.ua: 3mo KCIKCIH yjiuija? Yjvuya MciHdejibiumciMa [III, 88], - BOcxojwmnH, BO3MO>KHO, K 6-My napycy "/JeTen Bbiapbi" XjieÖHHKOBa: Ha oempoee eu. 3oeemcx OH XjieönuKoe [XjieÖHHKOB 1987: 453]; HMCHHO 3TO npoh3be^ehhe npn6jih3htejibho cuhobpemehho c Hannca- HHeM "3TO KaKaa yjimua..." HHTaji MaHflejibiiiTaMy C.B.Py^aKOB - ero nncbmo or 1.06.1935 CM. B: [repujtehh 1986: 243]. B TaKOM KOHTCKCTC aonycthmbim Ka>KeTCfl conoctabnehhe MMCHH BHA H ojmmhjthh OpaHcya BnHOHa, OCOöCHHO yhhtbibaa TO. KaKoe MecTO 3aHHMaji o6pa3 noanezmero B MaH/iejibiuTaMOBCKOM TBopnecTBe Booöme H no33hh cepe^mhbi TpH^uaTbix rojiob - ocoöehho. 46.06 ocoöoh pojih o6pa3a MopcKoro aha B eßponefickom no3tm i ieckon rpajimuhh CM.: [TonopoB 1994: 145-149, 171-174]. - üpmmehhtejibho K MaHnejib- LUTaMOBCKOH penenuhm o6pa3a Mopa MOKCT 6biTb ynomahyto H paccmatpubaemoe HH>Ke CTMXOTBopeHne "/J,eHb CTOAJI o nam rojiobax..." (c co,aep>kamemc>i B nem öojiee i iem BepoHTHbiM rymhjiebckmm no/itekctom), B KOTopoM, no KOMMeHTapiiw abtopa. npnevtctbyet "Mope nyuikhhckhx CKa30K, Mope, no KOTopoMy CTpaaaeT MaTepMKOBaa, JiMiueHHaa OKeaHa POCCHH" [repujtehh 1986: 190], - c CMMnTOMaraH- HOH SKcnnHKauHeH (JjHrypbi üyiiikhha H o6pa3a POCCHH. 47.HecMOTpa Ha TO, MTO MaHaejibiiiTaMOBCKHH "Maapnraji" (y>ke Ha3BaHHeM CBOHM npexrxiojiaraioljjhh HajiMnne KOHKpeTHoro aapecata) CHHTaeTCH nocbhiueh- HbiM Jl.PeHCHep, o6pa3hbin CTpofi TeKCTa oöhapyikhbaet pan CMbicjiOBbix eflhhhu, 45