Citation for published version (APA): Chindine, S. (1999). De poetica van Osip Mandelstam: Het metatekstuele aspect. Amsterdam: in eigen beheer.

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1 UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) De poetica van Osip Mandelstam: Het metatekstuele aspect Chindine, S. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Chindine, S. (1999). De poetica van Osip Mandelstam: Het metatekstuele aspect. Amsterdam: in eigen beheer. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam ( Download date: 24 Jun 2019

2 rjlaba HETBEPTAH HOBfelE CMHCJIOBWE ACriEKTbl AKMEHCTMHECKOH CHMBOJIMKH B TBOPHECTBE MAH^EJIbLllTAMA ^BAHUATblX TO^OB Cpe^H rjiabhbix OTJiHHHTejibHbix nept TBopiecTBa MaH^ejibuiTaivia nepbofi nojiobhhbi.asaxmatbix roaob ocoöehho Bbi^eiweToi ero y>ke HeoaHOKparao 0TMe4aBiua>iCH "rpa^ahckaa" HanpaBJieHHOCTb. CBjnaHHaa c oco3hahhem, B TOM HMCJie H B COÖCTBeHHO KyjIbTypHblX (j)opmax, HOBOH COUHaJIbHO-HCTOpHHeCKOfi peajibhoctm '. O.HHOH H3 cneuh(j)hheckhx nept xyao>kectbehhoro OCBOCHHH HOBoro HCTopHHecKoro 3Tana MaH,nejibiiiTaMOM flbjiaetca onpeaenehhaa B3aHMOo6para- MOCTb "o6mectbehhoro" H KyjibTypHoro Haiaji, npohbjwioiuaflcfl, B nacthocth, He TOJIbKO B HX 6e3yCJIOBHOH COOTHeceHHOCTH, HO H B CnOCOÖHOCTM BbICTynaTb B KanecTBe CBoeo6pa3Hbix MeTa(j)opHHecKHX 3KBHBajieHTOB.npyr znpyra. A TaK KaK npakthheckh jno6oe oöpamehhe MaHjejibUJTaMa K cc{)epe MHpoBOM KyjibTypbi npezmoriaraet cymectbobahhe JiHHHOCTHoro, ouehohhoro njiaha, TO H B cjiynae "KOHTaMHHauHH" rpa>knahckoro H KyjibTypHoro Hanau.oocTaTOHHO HBHO npocjie- /KHBaeTca nphcyrctbhe MeTaTeKCTyajibHoro acnekta, BO MHOTOM npe,n.onpe,nejthk)- mero co,uep:>katejibhyk> cneuh(j)hky TCKCTOB 3Toro nepho^a. llpn STOM MeTaTeKCTyajibHaa npo6ne\iathka akthbho BKJiioHaeT B CBoe CMbicjiOBoe npoctpahctbo Mnp cobpeiviehhoh MaH,sejibUJTaMy nos3hh, MecTO KOTopofi B HOBOH counajibho-kyjib- TypHOH CHTyauHH OH nbitaetcfl onpe#ejtmtb B TBopnecTBe nepbofi nonobhhbi abajmatbix roaob, o^hobpemehho npocjiokhbaa ee coothecehhoctb c no33hem Bena npe^mectbyioujero (Teiw cambim H Ha Hee pacnpoctpahaa nonck HOBOH "ccj)epbi npniviehehmh"). B KanecTBe oßhoro H3 CMbicjiOBbix KjnoneH K TeKCTaM 3Toro nepnojia MO>KeT pacciviatpmbatboi co ep>kaiueecfl B maße "B He no HHHy 6apcTBeHHOH iiiyöe" "LUyMa BpeivieHH" MaHflejibUJTaMOBCKoe onpeaejiehhe TaKoro nohathfl KaK n u m e- p a m y p H a H s.1 0 c m fa, c HeoôbiKHOBeHHoH nojihotoh BÖnparomee B ce6a rnabhbie "MH(j)OJioreMbi" CTHXOB jibaüuatbix ro^ob: JlumepamypHax 3Jiocmb! Ecnu obi ne mu, c nem 6bi 0)10.1 H ecmt 3eMHyw cojib? - Tbi npunpaea K npecnomy xjieôy 68

3 nohumcihbh, mu eecejioe co3hanbe mnpaeombi, mm 3azoeopiuuuKan conb, c exudnbim nokjiohom nepedaeaeman U3 decmnunemuh e decnmunemue, e zpamnoü conowce, c nonomenuem.' Bom nonemy MHe man. mo6o zacumb Mcap Jiumepamypbi MopoioM u KomoHUMu 3ee3doMu. 3axpycmum nu cnezom? Pa3eecenumcn nu na Mopo3HOÙ nexpacoeckoü ynuue? Ecnu Hacmoxufax - mo da [II, 387]. Cpe^H coirepjkamhxch B flahhom cjjparmehte o6pa30b, Be/iymHX K ochobonojiaraioiiihm juin SToro nephoaa "1 ahbapa 1924", "HeT, HHKor.na HHHCH a He 6biJi cobpemehhhk...", "YMbiBajica HOHbio Ha ABope...", "KoMy 3HMa - apak H nyhui rojiy6orjia3bih...", "Cerojma H04bK>, He cojiry...", "H3 Ta6opa yjinubi TCMHOH..." H ap., ocoöehho cjie,nyet BbiaejiHTb KOMÔMHaUHK) 06pa30B 3 UMbl, M o p 0 3 Cl, H O HU H C O Jl U, nepekjihkaiohiyioch c "1 ahbapa 1924": KCIKUM 0Kene3HbiM, CKOöxHbiM moeapom Honb 3UMHHH zpemutn no yjiuuom MocKebi <...>. MocKea - onxmb MOCKGCI. Hzoeopw eü: 3dpaecmeyü! He oöeccydb, menepb yxc ne 6eàa, IJo cmapune a npuhumciw ópamcmeo Moposa Kpenxozo u myubezo cyda [II, 51]. B 3TOM >Ke TeKCTe npncytctbyet pacuinpehhe CMbicjioBbix rpahhu o6pa3a COJIM, npho6petaiomero otnetjihbbie JiHHHOCTHbie KOHHOTauMM/ M, CJ106H0 cbinnmm conb Moufenoto dopozoü, Beneem coeecmb npedo MHOü [II, 51], - HTO KOCBeHHO nepekjihkaetch c TaKHM HBneHHeM KCIK otcecmokux 3ee3d conenue npukci3bi [II. 36] H3 CTHXOTBopeHHfl "KoMy 3HMa - apak H nyhlu rojiy6orna3bifl..." M o6pa- 30M: 3ee3dHbiü nyu - KOK conb Ha monope [II, 35], - H3 'YMbiBajica HOMbio Ha.HBOpe...". KcTaTM, nocjie^hhh TCKCT coaep>kht H MOTHBbi c o e e c m u: M 3eMnx no coeecmu cypoea [II, 35], - H np a e d U: Hmue npaedu ceeotcezo xoncma Bpnd nu zde ombimemch ocnoea [II, 35]. YnoTpeÖJieHHe B jjahhom KOHTCKCTC o6pa3a xoncma MO>KeT 6biTb BKjnoHeHO B 6ojiee uihpokyio ctj)epy (J)yHKUMOHHpoBaHHa "TKauKoH" o6pa3hocth y MaHJxeJibLUTaMa (ahanh3hpyemoh.aajiee), B nacthocth, Koppejinpy- MiueH c MeTanosTHHecKOH npo6jiemathkofi; CM. B "ErwneTCKOH Mapne": Ecmb memhcih, c demcmea udyufax zepanbduxa npaecmeehhbix nohxmuü: lueapk pcadupae- Mozo nonomna MOMcem osnanamb necmnocmb u xonod MadanonciMci - cexmocmb [II, 472], - HTO, BepOflTHO, CJiy>KHT abtokommehtapwem K cj)hhajibhbim CTpOKUM CTHXOTBopeHH«"HeT, He MHrpeHb, - HO nojrar KapaHJiaLUHK MeHTOJioBbiH...": Hem, ne MuzpeHb, HO xonod npocmpancmea öecnonozo, Ceucm pcapbieaemoü Mcipnu [III, 50]. K o6pa3\ xo.nro.ua npoctpahctba CM. xapaktepwcraky AHHeHCKoro B CTaTbe "O npnpojxe cnoba": OH 3Han paccmoxhue, nyecmeoean ezo xonod u nacpoc [I, 226], - r,re pacctohhhe, cemahthheckh 3KBHBajieHTHoe npoctpahctby, BbiCTynaeT, KaK H B uejiom pa/ie jjpyrhx cnyhaeb ero Hcnojib30BaHHa MaHflejibUJTaMOM, B KawecTBe CMbicnoBoro "TpaHCtJ)opMa" BpeMeHM, HeoöxojjHMoro KyjibTypHoö Tpajj.HUHH /juia ocboehhh TBopnecKoro Hacjieima xy.no>khhka HenocpcucTBeHHO CBJObiBaacb c MHpOM COBpeMeHHOH n033hh. 69

4 TaKHM o6pa30m, cneuh(])hheckaa "3HMH>IJI" MeTacj)opHKa 0Ka3biBaeTca HBHO cootheceha c o6pa30m c y jx a H MOTMBaMH lecih, ICCIHOCTH H B e p- H o c T H - CM. B "1 HHBapa 1924": y^cejiu H npedcim no3opnomy 3JiocnoebK> - Buoßb naxnem HöJIOKOM Mopo3 - TJpucitzy nydnyw nemeepmomy cocjioebw M KJinmeu xpyn- Hbie do cjie3? [II, 52], - OTCbinaiomee H K CTaTbe "3aMerKH o no33hh n (CM. O KJIATBC TepueHa M OrapeBa: Tepuen u Ozapee, Kozda cmonnu na Bopoöbeebix zopax McuibHUKüMU, ucrtbimbieanu cpiauonozunecku cßhiuehhbiu eocmopz [II, 302], - c nocjie- ^yioinmm ee "TpaHcnoHnpoBaHneM" B cobpemehhyio cc[)epy: IJO93UM IJacmepnaKa pacckascuia HOM 06 smux Munymax [II, 302]), M K "B He no HHHy 6apcTBeHHoH ujyöe" (cp.: numepamypa 3.numcH cmonemue u Kocumcn Ha coöbimue - nsicimehhbim KOCOZRCl3UeM pa3h0huhu,cl U HeyddHHUKCl, 3JlOCmbW MUpHHUHCl, <...> 3CI eo npumnnymozo e ceudemenu-nohnmbie Ha emahmuùckuù cyd ucmopuu [II, 387]). Hcnojib30BaHHe B TaKOM CMLICJIOBOM paay o6pa3a cyaa H MOTHBa COBCCTM. HecymHX B ce6e cjie^bi MeTanosTHHecKOH CHMBOJIHKH, no3bojiaet BKJiio L intb B jahhbiii KOHTeKCT H xopoujo H3BecTHbie CTpoKH H3 nhcbma MaHflejibuiTaMa 1923 ro.ua: "akmeh3ma HCT COBCCM. OH xoteji öbitb JiHuib "cobectbio" no33hh. OH cya Haa no33heh" [rophyhr 1990: 30], - HTO BMBOZUIT Ha co^ep>katejibhyk) nobepx- HOCTb coöctbehho an M encra neckyio npoöjiemathky. "peaktyajim3hpobabiuyiocfl" jxan MaH^ejibiiJTaMa B Hanajie,UBa,nuaTbix ro^ob - CM. npmhlinnhajibhbie juin ero xyawkectbehhoro MHpoB033peHHH CTaTbH roflob "CJIOBO H KyjibTypa" H. ocoöehho. "O npnpo.ne cjioba", rne MaH^ejibiiJTaM CTaBHT Ha nepbbifi njiah HMeHHO rpa'^cnahckoe HanaJio akmeh3ma (nohhmaa ero pacmnphtejibho n TpaHcnoHnpya B COöCTBCHHO KyjibTypHyro ccjjepy): AKMeu3M ne mojibko umepamyp- Hoe, HO u oöufecmeehhoe nenenue e pycckoü ucmopuu. <...> OoufecmeeHHbiü nacpoc pycckoit no33uu do eux nop nodnumanch monbko do "zpamcdanuna", HO ecmb öonee ebicokoe Haucuio, nem "zpajkdanuh", - nonamue "yiy^ca" [I, 230]. BjiM3Kaa o6pai- HOCTb Hcnojib30BaHa MaH^ejibiLiTaMOM B 3aMeTKe "O cobpemehhoh no33hh (K Bbixo/iy "AnbMaHaxa My3")", xiarapyemoh 1916 TO^OM, nphnem HTO ocoöehho noka3atejibho - HenocpeacTBeHHO B CBJOH c JiHMHOCTbio AxMaTOBon: B nocnednux cmuxax AxMamoeoü npou3omen nepenom K zuepamuneckoü eaj/cnocmu, penuzuo3hoü npocmome u mopjk'ecmeehhocmu: a öbi ckci3aji, noem McenufUHbi nacman neped jfcehbi. <... > ro.wc ompenenufi Kpennem ece öonee u öonee e cmuxax AxMamoeoü, u e Hacmomuee epemh ee no33un öniawncn x mo.uy, nmoöbi cmamb odnum U3 cumeonoe ßenumiR Poccuu [II, 208] :. üpn STOM BecbMa xapaktepho, 4TO akthbtoamik) OCOÖOH pojlh akmeh3ma MaH^eJIbUJTaM CTaBHT B npflmyk) 3aBHCHMOCTb OT cobpe- MeHHbix emy HCTopHnecKHX peajinfi: B omnuuue om cmapou zpa^cdanckoü no33uu, Hoeax pyccxan no33un donotcna eocnwmwamb He monbko zpaxcdah, HO U "AtyMca". 70

5 MdeciJi coeepiuehhoù MyxcecmeeHHOcmu nodzomoeneh cmwiem u npakmuneckumu mpeóoeamifimu naïueù snoxu. Bce cmano mnztcenee u zpomadhtee, nomomy u ne.ioeek dojimceh cmamb meepmce, KüK nenoeek dojimcen ôbimb meepxce ecezo na semjie u onihocumbch K neu mem, KüK cuma.3 K cmeioiy. ruepamimeckuù, mo ecmb cemijehhbiu, xapciktnep no33uu oôycnoeneh yôejfcdehhocmbio, nmo nenoeek meepotce ecezo ocmcuib- Hozo e Miipe [I, 230]. Bnojme BepoHTHO. MTO npejbflbjuemoe ManmejibiiJTaMOM "Tpe6oBaHiie" HaXO^HTCH B HeKOTOpOH CMblCJIOBOH 3aBHCMMOCTH OT XOpOLUO H3BeCTHOrO rymhjiebckoro onpe^ejiehhh a,namh3ma, co,aep>kameroch B akmetcthheckom MaHncJ)ecTe "Hacjie^He CHMBOJiH3Ma H akmeh3m": MyMcecmeeHHO meepdbiü u HCHMU 63ZJind na MCU3Hb [rvmhjieb l 99 l : T. 3. I6], - MTO CHOBa BbIBO,HHT Ha CMblCJÏOBVK) nobepxhoctb akmemcthheckmh "noatekct" rpaykjahckoh TeMbi 3. KpoMe Toro, yhhtbibaa cneuh- (J)HHecKyK) MeTaTeKCTyajibHyio OKpacKy paccmatphbaemoro KOHTeKCTa, BO3MO>K- HbiM npeactabjiaetch COOTHCCTH npejictabjiehhbiii B "l AHBapa 1924" MOTHB "MaiiiMHonMCH" (To yhdepeyda xpmq: CKopee ebipeu KJiaeuiu - M myubio KOcmouKy Hciùdeuib [II, 52]) c rymmjiebckom xapaktepnctmkoh nostmieckoh MbicjiH MaHjiejibujTaMa, nphcytctbywmeh B peueh3hh Ha BTopoe H3,naHHe "KaMHJi": 3ma Mucnb HanoMUHCiem MHe na/ibifbi pemunzmonucmku, mcik öbictnpo nemaem OHCI no ccimbwi pci3hopodhbim o6pa3cim, ccimbim npunydnuebim oufyujehuxm, ebieodn yenekcimejibhyio noeecmb paseueaioufezoch dyxa [rymhjieb 1991: T.3, 158]. (COöCTBCHHO robopa, Ha pa3hoctopohhem pa3bhthh 3Toro onpcuejiehmh noctpoehbi MHoroHHCJieHHbie MeTat})opHHecKHe onhcahha pa6otbi MexaHH3Ma nos-thheckoro CMbicnoo6pa30Ba- HHH B "Pa3roBope o ^lahte".) OaHOBpeivieHHO c 3TMM, o6pa3hbim CTpofi "1 HHBapa 1924" ^aet ochobahhh jum ^onojihhtenbhbix 3KcnjiMKauHH cjiyjaeb HanojmeHna KyjibTypHOH CHMBOJiMKH "rpaaqiahckhm" coaep>kahmem. Tan, OAHOM H3 cymectbehiibix cemahtm4eckhx coctabjihiomhx 3Toro TeKCTa animeren My3biKajibHaa MeTa(j)opHKa; B CBOK) OHepe^b, OJHHM H3 Ba>KHeöiiiHX KOMHOHCHTOB ujkajibi My3bixajibHbix uehhocteö, 3aHHMaiomeH 3aivieTHoe MecTO B xy,nc»kectbehhom MHpe MaHaejibiiJTa- Ma, OKa3biBaeTca 6eTX0BeHCKaa Teiwa (o HeKOTopbix ee acnektax CM.: [Kau 1991: 69-71]). Cßoeo6pa3HbiM KJIIOIOM juin nohhmahhfl pojim jahhoh TeMbi B MaHjejibiiiTa- MOBCKOM KyjibTypojiorHHecKOM "Te3aypyce" MO>KCT cjiy>khtb (jiparivieht nfltofï rjiabbi "ErnneTCKOH MapKH", rzie MaHüejibLUTaM, cpabhmbaa HOTHoe nncbmo pa3jihmhbix abtopob c HioKopociibiM KycmapnuKOM ôemxoeenckux COHCim [II. 480], nniiiet o nocjiejihmx: MupaMCHbie zopoda Homnbix 3HCIKO6 cmomn, KCIK CKeopeiunuKit, e Kunxufeù cmojie. <...> Homtum cmpahuu,a - imo peeommcun e cmapuhhom HeMeijKOM zopode [II ]. Cßfl3b 6eTXOBeHCKOH TeMbi c pebojnouhohhoh o6pa3hoctbio npoctynaet w B "LliyMe BpeMeHH", r,ae wier pe i ib o TepueHe, Hba öypnan nojiumu- 71

6 HecKüsi Mbicjib ecezda ôydem 3eyuamb KCIK öemxoeehckax conama [II, 384]. üphcytct- BHe B aahhom KOHTeKCTe o6pa3a ropo^a oöiachaetoi ero yctohhhbbim conojio>ke- HHeM c MOTMBOM pebojuouhh B pamkax Bcero MaHaejibiüTaMOBCKoro MHpa 4 ; B TO >Ke BpeMH, cba3b o6pa3a ropo.ua c My3biKajibHofi JIHHHCH OTMCTJIMBO npoabjiaetca B üetckom CTHXOTBopeHMH 1926 roaa "Pojuib": Mbi cezoönn yeudcuiu ropodok enympu pohjih. Lfejibiù zopod KocmxHoü, <... > ^imo HU yjiuua - cmpyua B smom zopode eudna [II, 69]. CKa3aHHoe no3bojiaet H B CTHXOTBopeHMH 1931 rojia "Poajib", CTpoameMCfl Ha pa3bhthh o6pa3hocth <t)pahuy3ckoh pebojimumm, BblflBHTb CJICUbl ÖeTXOBeH- CKOM TeMbi; CM.: KOK napnomewn, OKywufuü (ppondy, Bsvio dbiiuum ozpomhbiu 3cui - He udetn ropa Hü Mupondy, M ne Kpennem cocnoeuü ecui [III, 49]; TaM»ce noabjiaetca: poxjib - rojiuckp - <...> Mupaöo (popmenbhhhbix npae [III, 49]; cp. uiytohhoe craxotbopehne "TeTvuiKa H MapaT" Hawana abajmatbix TO^OB: ynpnman cmapyxa rjeped EemxoeenoM npozoeopima zjiyxo: - Born, dyiuenbka, Mapam, paöomu Mupaöo [II, 81]. Kapere» cobepmehho onpabjiahhbim HHTepnperapoBaTb B TaKOH CHTya- UHH cohcimy dotcuna [III, 50] H3 "Poflju" HMCHHO KaK 6eTXOBeHCKyio, TeM öojiee, I ITO CBH3biBaeMbiH c Hefl o6pa3 no3bohkob (Hmo6 CMOJIOIO conama décima Tlpocmyniuia U3 I10360HK06 [III, 50]) npcobocxhujeh He TOJIbKO B CTHXaX nepboh nojiobhhbl ABaauaTbix roziob, HO H (J)MHajie UHrapoBaHHoro (j)parmehta natoß rnabbi "ErwneTCKOH MapKM": Powib - smo ymhbiü u doôpbiù KOMHamubiù 3eepb c eojiokhucmbim depeehhhblm MHCOM, 30JiombiMu DKiuiaMU Li ecezda eocncmeuhou Kocmbw. MU ôepezmi ezo om npocmydbi, KopMiuiu jiezkimu <...> cohcimunomu [II, 481]. ECJIH 6eTX0BeHCKaa cohata, KaK w Bce My3biKa_nbHoe TBopnecTBO BeTxoBeHa B uejiom, BbicTynaeT B pojih CBoeo6pa3Horo "3KBHBajieHTa" pebojnouhohhbix yctpemjiehhh MaH^ejibujTaivia nepho.ua ybjiehehmfl "MapKCH3MOM", TO BepoarabiM crahobhtch nohhmahne MV3bIKaJIbHOH o6pa3hocth "1 flhbapa 1924" HMeHHO B COUHajIbHO-MCTOpHHeCKOM KJiioHe. B TaKOM cjiy i iae CTPOKH: Ho nuiuyufux MüUIUH npocmaa conamuna - Jluiub mehb conam Mozymix mex [II, 52], - nph xapaktephcrake ropoackhx nepeyjikob: Bce luejiywumbch UM coeemckoü conamuhkoii [II, 52], - MoryT 03HasaTb HecooTBeT- CTBUe, HeH^eHTH(j)HUMpyeMOCTb COBpeMeHHOH n03ty fleflctbhtejibhocth C TeMH pebojqouhohho-hapoilhhheckhmh HfleajiaMH, KOTOpbie accouhathbho CBJBaJIMCb c c )MrypaMn TepueHa H BeTxoBeHa. K cka3ahhomy CM. O HOHHOH noe3^ke no MOCK- BC: /7o nepeyjwhkom, cxeopeiuhhm u 3acinpexoM [II, 51], - B03Bpawaiomee K: Mupa- M'Hbie zopoda Hommix 3HCIKO6 cmoxm, KaK CKeopeuiHUKU, e Kunmueù CMone [II, 480]; cp. B "pebojiiouhohhom" KOHTeKCTe onepka "Xojio#Hoe JieTo" 1923 roaa: Ha ceithifoebix dockax zposbi <...> oe.ibie ckeopeiumiku KpeM.ifi [II, 309]; CM. TaKAe nohbjiehhe o6pa3a npoctynaiomen CMOJibi B "Poajie". HTO conoctabhmo c ynotpeöjiehhem ahajiornhhbix o6pa30b B npe^ejibho MeTaTeKCTyajiH3HpoBaHHbix "3a TO. 72

7 4T0 a pykm TBOH He cymeji y/iepxatb..." H "Ha.mejmmü no^koby". XapaKTepHO, 4TO B CTHXOTBopeHHH 1931 ro.na "Eine ^ajieko MHe AO natpnapxa...", BxopjimetA B UHKJI "MOCKOBCKHX CTHXOB", OTJIHHaiOmHXCH nonbltkoh nphhhthh COBpeMeHHOCTH, B03HHKaeT o6pa3 cohatbi, KOMÖHHHpyeMbifi c o6pa30m nepeyjikob (H cnymam conambi e nepeyjixax [III, 55]), HTO MCDKCT 6biTb npaivio nporabonoctabjieho cohathham "1 HHBapa 1924". 3^ecb xe cp. oqbopmjraiomhfi "MOCKOBCKMC CTHXH" MOTMB nemen nporynkh H Haiano "O/ibi BeTXOBeHy" 1914 ro^a: Kmo 3inom dueubiu neiuexod? OH max cmpemumenbho cmynaem [I, 109]; cp. Taxxe camooto)ka;ectbjie- Hne c BeTxoBeHOM B niectom rnabe "ErnneTCKOH MapKH 1 ': luecmwiemnezo eamnozo Eemxoeena e zomaiuax, eoopyjkeuhozo zjiyxomoü, ebimajixueanu na yjiuify [II, 487]; HaKOHeu, cp. B "JlaMapKe" 1932 ro,n,a: Tu nanpacho Moifapma JVOôUJI: Hacmynaem zjiyxoma naynbr [III, 62], TaKHM o6pa30m, GeTXOBeHCKaa Teivia OKa3biBaeTCJi o/mofi H3 c[)opm MeTaCJJOpMHeCKOrO Bbipa>KeHHH pebojuouhohhoh npoöjiemathkm, OCMblC- JWeMOH He CTOJIbKO B COÖCTBeHHO HH.eOJIOrHHeCKOM, CKOJIbKO B 4HCT0 KyjIbTypOJIOrH4eCK0M njiahe, OÖHapy>KHBaa npw 3TOM HBHbie JIMHHOCTHbie KOHHOTaUHH H CBH3b c MeTaTeKCTyajibHOH JIKHHCH. AKTyajiH3auHH B KOHTCKCTC rpa^ahckoh npoôjiematmkh o6pa3a rpa»aahh- Ha HeH36e>KHO o6napy>khbaet onpe^ejiehhyio 3aBMCM\iocTb OT HenpacoBCKOH n033hh - TaK, B HaCTHOCTH. B CTaTbe "O C06eCeüHHKe" MaHAeJIbLQTaM npmbo#ht CTpoKH: TIo'smoM MOMieiub mu ne ôbimb, Ho zpajkôcihuhom ôbimb OöRSüH. - M xapax- TepH3yeT HX KaK ommmhbiü cmux, jiemhiijuü na cwibhbix xpbuibnx x npoeudehijua/ib- HOMy coöecedhuky [I, 187]. 3#ecb >Ke cp. BBe^eHHe HMCHM HeKpacoBa B oixpobehho "rpaaoiahckhh" KOHTCKCT craxotbopehhfl 1933 ro^.a "Kßaprapa THxa, KaK öyiuara..." (xapakteph3yk>meroca MeTano3raqecKHMH KOHHOTaunaMn): M cmonbxo MymunenbHou snocmu Taum e ce6e xcimcdbiu HciMeK, Kax öydmo exonanuean zeo3du Hexpacoea 3decb MonomoK [III, 75]; BepoHTHO, abtokommehtapwem K,o,aHHOH CTpoqbe MOJKCT cjry)khtb cjjparivieht nepboh rjiabbi "Pa3roBopa o /JaHTe", coaep>kawen pa3bephytyio xapaktephcthky no3thheckoh penn: CMbicnoebie eo/ihbi-cuzhci.ibi ucne3aiom, ucnojinue ceoto paöomy: uem OHU ciuibhee, mem ycmyrmueee, mem Menée CKJioHHbi sadepmcueambch. - Hncme HeusôejtceH donôejk, exonanueanbe zomoeux zeosdeù, umenyembix "xyiibmypho-nosmuhecxumu" o6pa30mu [III, 217]. TaKHM o6pa30m, MaKnenbLUTaM KaK 6bi "onocpenobahho" OTKa3bmaeT no33hh HeKpaco Ba B npabe Ha xyao>kectbehhyk) uehhoctb, He ymanaa nph 3TOM ee counajibhoh 3Ha4HMOCTH, - cp. ytbep>khehhe, npeamectbyiomee nphbe,nehhoh Bbiiue ouehke HeKpacoBCKoro CTHXoxBopeHna B CTaTbe "O co6ece,nhhke": Konxperrwbie jiiodu <...> zomoebi eucjiyiuamb nmo yzodno, nuiub ôbi na nocbuixe nosma 6bui o6o3hcmeh mohhbiù adpec. <...> Ebieanu ifenbie snoxu, xozda e JKepmey 3tnoMy danexo He 6e3o6udnoMy 73

8 inpeooeanuk) npuhocwiucb npenecmb u cyujhocnib no33uu. TaKoebi zpcimcdahckcih H033UH u HydHcin nupukci eocbmudecnmbix zodoe [I, 216] 5. TaKHM o6pa30m, HMCHHO akmeh3m (B ero HOBOM, "pacwnphtejibhom" nohhmahhh) OKa3biBaeTca e^hhctbeh- HbiM cnocoöom no3thheckoro BHjieHHa cobpemehhoctm, aaekbathbim ee BHyTpeH- Hefï. HCTOpnOCO(J)CKOH H KVJIbTypOCO(j)CKOH CVIUHOCTH. nockojibky B OCMbICJieHHe HCTopHHecKOH jxefictbmtejibhocth coxpahaet BepHOCTb He TOJibKO rpa*mahckhm, HO H xyao>kectbehhbim H^eajiaM; cp. co,nep>kaineecfl B CTaTbe "CJIOBO H KyjibTypa" VKa3aHHe Ha npamyio CBJOb no3tmieckoro HCKyccTBa c pebojnouneh: KaaccuuecKan no33uh - no33uhpeeoj}k>nuu [I, 216]. HMCHHO coothecehhoctb pebojhouhh c KyjibTVpoH npeaonpeaejiaet Heoöxo^HMOCTb ee npoeuhpobahhfl Ha KyjibTypHbie npene^e- HTbi (cp.: [LUHHAMH 1989: 97-98]), Kan, Bepoflrao, B cthxotbopehhm "KOMV 3HMa - apak H nvhuj rojiy6orjia3bih...", cojxepjkamem o6pa3 3aroBopiuMKOB {TJycmb 3ci2oeopufUKii moponmncn no cnezy [II. 37]) H 4epe3 o6pa3 nyhiua nphmo CBä3biBaiomeMca, c ahajim3hpyembimh aajiee (j)parmehtamh craxotbopehmh "/^ekaöphct" H rjiabbi "LUyMa BpeivieHH" "B He no HHHy ôapctbehhofl ujyôe", i\ne OH ynotpe6jmet- Cfl He CTOJIbKO B CoGcTBeHHO HCTOpHKO-HHTepaTypHOM 3Ha4eHHH, CKOJIbKO B KasecTBe cboeo6pa3horo AHCJxJiepeHUHajibHoro npm3haka: Jlwnepamypa eeko öbuia podoeuma. JJOM ee 6bui ïiorhüh nawa. 3a luupokum pct3deuhymbim cmonom cudenu zocmu c BcuibcuHzciMOM. CxiiHye uiyôy, c Mopo3a exodwiu noebie. Tonyóbie nymueebie ozohbku HcinoMUHOJiu npuxodfiufkm o ccimo.awouu, dpyjkôe u cmepmu [II, 391]. noßoohoe nohmmahme JiHTepaTypw, BbicTynaiomeH B pojin JIHMHOCTHO 6jiH3Koro, JiHHHoro u aa)ke "^OMaujHero" Hanajia, 3KcnjiMunpoBaHO MaanejibiiiTa- MOM B HenocpencTBeHHOH CB5I3H c c[)nrypoh B.B.THnnHyca, o KOTopoM B rjiabe "B He no HHHy 6apcTBeHHOH ujyöe..." OH nninet: HamiHcin c Paduiyeea u HoeuKoea, y B.B. vcmahaejiueajiacb y^ce JIUHHCIH c6h3b c pycckumu nucamejifwu, xcemhoe u.iwoo6hoe 3HciKOMcmeo, c ÓJiazopodHoii 3aeucmbK>, peenocmbw, c luynmuebuu neyeajfcemtem, Kpoßnoü Hecnpaeednueocmbfo, KüK eodumcn e cembe [II, 390], B TO >Ke BpeMfl, B CTaTbe "O npnpojie cjioba" o6pa3 c e Mbu COOTHOCHTCA H C 4)HJioJiornefi - CM. y>ke UHTHpoBaBUjeecji: Jlwnepamypa - ne.iehue oôiifecmeennoe, (pwionozun - xenenue domaumee, Kadunemnoe <...>; cpimonozuh - ynueepcumemckuu cemunapuu, cembh <...>, nomomy mno echkan cembh depmcumcn na unmonaijuu u na inimame, na KaeuHKax [I, 223]. MHTepecHbiM npeactabjiaetca TOT (])akt, HTO nponnrapobahhbih nacca>k jiornneckh npeaiuectbyet \iah,nejibiiitamobckhm paccy>kaehmflm o Po3aHO- Be, B CBA3H c cjwrypoh KOToporo i iytb aajiee ynomhhaetch HenpacoB: Posanoe xce \'6H3Hem c zojioeoii e cmpohke JUOöOZO pycckozo nosma, KOK OH V6H3 e cmponke HeKpacoea. Edy nu Honbio no yjiuue memhoü - nepeoe, mno npuiuno e zosioey nonbw HCI ii3603hure. Po30HoecKoe npiimenanue - epnd mi cbiufemcx dpyzoù makoù pyccxuü cmux 74

9 so eceù pycckoü no33uu [I, 224]. B CBOIO OHepejb, AaHHbin (JjparivieHT axtyajin- 3HpyeT XOpOUJO H3BeCTHbIH MaH/jeJIblLITaMOBCKHfi MOTHB HOHHOH noe3;n<h Ha H3B034HKe (CM., HanpHMep: [Ceraji 1975: ]), xapakteph3yk>mmm He TOJibKo nphhuhnnajibhbie B.uaHHOM KOHTeKCTe "1 ahbapa 1924" H "H3 Taôopa yjinnbi TeMHOH...", HO H "B He no HHHy 6apcTBeHHOH uiyôe", r^e OH npeaenbho MeTaTeK- CTyanM3MpoBaH; CM. O B.B.rnnnnyce: OH He nodo3ean, a pnexhyn U3603HUKü mcikim enacmhbim Mopo3HbiM 3biKOM, CJ106HO ifenafi 3UMHHH ncaphh c mpoùkomu, a He eanmax.loiuadehkq domcudanacb ezo okpuxa [II, 387]. OjwoBpeMeHHO c 3THM, pejiyuhpobah- Haa (JjopMa aahhoro MoraBa B03HHKaeT B "HeTBepTon npo3e", HanojiHaacb "rpa>k- AaHCKofi" cemahthkoti n CBH3biBaacb c ecehhhckoh ctpokon: Ecmb npekpachbiù pycckuù cmux, Komopbiù H ne ycmcmy meepdumb e MOCKoecKue ncuhbie HOHU, om Komopozo KüK HcieaMcdenue paccbinaemcn pozamax nenucmb <...>: OH nono3bxmu niuuem no cnezy, OH KJIKHOM eepeiu,um 6 3ciMKe, OH Mopo30M cmpenxem e KOMHCimy: -...He paccmpenuecui Hecnacnmbix no memhiajcw. - Bom ciweoji eepbi, eom nodinunec- KUù Kanon HacmoHUjezo nucamenx - CMepmejibnozo epaza numepamypbi [III, 173]. HaKOHeU, K MOTHBy 3HMHCH noe3,hkh Ha H3B03HHKe CM. OaHH H3 ero KOMnOHeHTOB B "1 HHBapa 1924": Cnuna U3603HUKCI U cnez m noji-apiuuna: Hezo meôe eu^e? He mponym, ne yôbiom [II, 51], - HTO Ka>KeTCH aonycrambim conoctabhtb c onncahnem apakoha TepHOHa B "Pa3roBope o /lahte": )KaoKÔa nonema momima u u3hypxna jijodeü /JctHtnoeoù spbi ne Menbiue, nem CIJIXUMUX. To 6bui zonod no paccenennomy npocmpcihcmey. OpueHmayux nomepxna. Hunezo He eudno. Bnepedu mojibko mamapckcih cniina - cmpmuhbiù xcuiam repuonoeoü KOJKU [III, 232]. ÜBHbie MeTano3- TMHecKHe KOHHOTauHH npouhthpobahhoro cj)parmehta ocymectbjiaiotcfl, B nacthocth, nocpejctbom BBCHCHMH MOTHBa z o ji o d a no paccenehhomy npoctpahctby, HTO OTCbiJiaeT. BO-nepBbix, K o6pa3y npoctpahctba KaK "xyjibtypo-.lormmeckon" MeTa(J)ope BpeMeHn, BO-BTopbix, K cratbe "CJIOBO H KyjibTypa". rje nph3hakom ronoaa HajiejiaeTca BpeMa, "ahtarohhctom" no OTHOUieHnn K KOTopo- My BbicTynaeT no33wa: Cnoeo - nnoim u xneô. <...> Jlwdu zonodmi. Eu\e zonodnee zocydapcmeo. Ho ecmb mnmo ôonee zonodnoe: epemx. <...> Kmo nodnumem cnoeo u nokciokem ezo epejnenu, KüK cemuehhuk eexapucmwo, - ôydem emopbim HucycoM HaeuHbiM [I, ], - u, B-TpeTbnx, K "B He no HHHy 6apcTBeHHOH wy6e": Hxmbuiecmb nociednux cumeonunecicux cnoe, KCIK nxmb eeanzenbckux puô, ommxzueami Kop3UHy; cpedu HUX öo.ibiuax pbiôa: "Ebimue". - HMU nenb3x ôbuio HciKopMumb zo.iodhoe epemh [II, 388] 6. M\ieHHO oco3hahne JinTepaTypbi. M B nepbyio onepe,m> - JiMTepaTypbi aebat- HaauaToro Bena, B KanecTBe "cembn" npeaonpeaejiaet HeoôxoanMOCTb yctahobjie- HHH xapaktepa B3aHMOOTHomeHHH c Heio - cp. BocnoMHHaHne o noceiuehnax 75

10 B.B.rnnniiyca: ceùnac MHe rnpydno omdenambcn otn oufyufemih, nmo H ôbiean na domy y ccimoii numepamypu. HuKozda noc.ie Aumepamypa ne ôbuia vmce ôomom, Keapmupoù, cembeù, zàe pndom cnnrn pbixcue MCuibHUKu e cemnambix KpoeamKCix [II, 390], - H öojiee»bhoe: B.B. yuun cmpoumb mimepamypy He KOK xpcim, a KOK pod. B numepamype OH uenim nampuapxasibhoe ornifoeckoe HCIHCUIO Kyjibmypu [II, 391], MeTacJjopHHecKoe 3Ha i iehhe "poactba" c JiHTepaTypHofi Tpa^HUHefl.neBATHazmaTOro Bena, BepoaTHO, BKJiiOMaeT B ce6a aktyajibhbiw juin CTMXOB nepbom nojiobmhbi jba/iuatbix roaob o6pa3 c bi H a. OcoöeHHO noka3atejibho B STOM OTHOUJCHHH "1 HHBapa 1924", übyivia CBOHMH CMbicjioBbiMH KOMnoHeHTaMH nobtopaiomee "B He no l ihhy 6apcTBeHHOH ujy6e": CM.: KCIKCIX óo.ib - uckcimb nomepnhhoe cjioeo, EonbHbie eeku nodhumcimb M c u3eecmbw e Kpoeu dun nnemenu nymcozo Honnue mpaeu coôupamb. BeK. M3eecmKoebiü cnoü e Kpoeu öonbnozo cbina Teepdeem [II. 51], - c HeM, B CBOio onepcub, conoctabhm co.nep>kaihhhcfl B "B He no HHHy 6apcTBeHHon inyöe" abtokommehtaphfl: EosibHbie, eocnanehhbie eeku 0ema Meiua/iu cnamb. Tmmnee pclhhum CKJiep030M, U36ecmK06blM CJlOeM JIOMCUJICH e okiuiax [II, 388]. nocpeflctbom ynommhahhh TicraeBa ocymectbjiaetca B "B He no HHHy öapctbehhon myöe" nepexoa B ccjjepy cobpeiviehhoh (H öojiee Toro - JIHHHOCTHO 6JIH3KOH) MaH/iejibuiTaiviy no33hh, npcactabjiehhon HMeHeivi He^oöpoBO, KOTopbin noh6.ih.icn ecwdy Humamb Tmmeea, KOK 6U npedcmamejibcmeoeamb 3a nezo [II, 390] 7. Kpoivie Toro, o6pa3 CKJiepo3a nobtopaetca B CTaTbe 1923 ro^a "Bypa H HaracK", npnnem B MeTano3THHecKOM 3HaneHHH M B CBJOH C "ajibtephathbhon" eiwy xy^owectbehhom npakthkoh IlacTepHaKa: npuebihhbiii nozuneckuü xod om nacmozo nosmuneckozo ynompeönenuh cmupaemcn u cmanoeumcn He3aM.em.HbiM KüK mcikoeoü. CunmciKCuc, mo ecmb cucmemci KpoeeuocHbix cocydoe emuxa, nopazkciemcx CKnepo30M. Tozda npuxodum nodin, eockpewawußiu deecmeennym cwiy nozuueckozo cmpor nped.iowe- HiiH [II, 298]; K pa3bhtmk) MOTMBa CKJiepo3a cp. nfltyio rjiaby "Pa3roBopa o /lahte": BceMu U36WIUHCIMU ceoezo M03ZCI dahinoeckuü Oducceü npe3upaem CKnepo3, nodoöho momy KüK (papuhcima npe3upaem ad [III, 238]. IlocKOJibKy HaaeneHwe jintepatypbi "(JiaMHJibHbiMH" nph3hakamh MO>KeT OTHacTH paccmatphbatbca KaK ee CBoeo6pa3- Hoe KOMnpeccnpoBaHHe, "ynjiothehne". noabjiaetca B03M0>KH0CTb nphbjienehhh B jahhbifi KOHTeKCT cnynaa COGCTBCHHO "xpohojiorhmeckon" KOMnpeccnw, coaepvkameroch B abtopckhx cjiobax B "B He no HHHy 6apcTBeHHon myöe": Ozjixdbieaxcb na eecb deesurmaduambiù eex pycacoü Kymmypu <...>, H xony omiukhymb cmonemue, KaK ycmoüuueyjo nozody, u eujtcy e ne.u eduncmeo "HenoMepHoü cmyjwu", cnaneuieü decmmmemun e odim denek, e odny HOHKY, e zsiyookyw 3UMy [II, 392]; cp. o CHMBOJIHC- TCKOH no3huhh no OTHOuieHHio K 3ana^HOH KyjibTvpe B "IlHCbMe o pycckoh no33hh" 1922 ro.ua: pycckoù nodmmeckoü Aman choea oumpbuicx Sanaa, noebiù. 76

11 co6na3humejibhbiü, eocnpuhrmbiü eecb cpcay, KûK edunan pejiuzur [II, 237]. KoMnpeccHpoBaHHoe, "yruiothehhoe" coctoflhwe, B KOTopoM npeöbmaet KyjibTypa B no3tmweckom MHpe MaH/ienbuiTaMa, npe.no npe#eji5iet HeoôxoAMMOCTb yerahobjiehhh "rehethheckhx" COOTB6TCTBHH C xyao>kectbehhbim onbitom AeBHTHaauaToro Bexa, npoeuhpyemoro Ha cobpemehhyro abtopy jihtepatypy - CM. B CTaTbe "Eypa M HaTHCK": OtrtHbine pycckcm no33ux nepeoù nemeepmu deaduamozo eekci eo eceii ceoeû coeokynnocmu yotce ne eocnpuhimaemcn uumamejirmu KüK "ModepHU3M " c npucyuçeu 3/noMy nohxmwo deycmbicjiehhocmbio u nojiynpespumejibhocmbto, a npocmo KCIK pycckcir no33uh. IJpou30iiuio tno, mno MOOKHO HCi36amb cpaïuenuem no360hohhukci deyx nosmmeckux cucmem, deyx nosmuneckux snox [II, 288]; cp. B 3aMen<e "A.BJIOK": HCIHUHCIR c npxmoü, noumu ynenuneckoü 3aeuciiM0cmu om BnaduMupa Cojioebeea u <Pema, EJIOK do KOHUCI ne pci3pbieaji HU C OöHUM U3 npuhrmux HCI ceôr o6h3cimejibcme, ne ebiôpocwi HU odnozo nuemema, ne pacmonman HU odnozo KCIHOHCI. <...> JlumepamypHciR MRZKOcmb EJIOKCI npoucxodwia omniodb ne om ôecxapcikinephocmu: OH Hpe38bmaÙH0 cu/ibho nyecmeoean cmujib KCIK nopody, nosmomy Mcu3Hb RSMKCI u numepamyphoù tpopmbi OH oiuyiuaji <... > KüK CKpeiuueciHue, cnapuecmuepci3jiuhhbix nopod, Kpoeeü u KûK npueueky pci3jimhbix ruiodoe K OöHOM}' u momy wce depeey [II, 255]. TaKoe nohiimahiie no33hh Hanajia Bexa B MeTacjîopHHecKOH (jjopme nobtopaetca B crnxotbopehhm 1922 ro.na "Bex": Ktno <...> ceoew Kpoebw ckjieum JJeyx cmojiemuü HO360HKU? [II, 41]; npn 3TOM aabaeiviaa B HCM xapaktepnctmxa ÄeBHTHaauaToro Bexa {Ho pa3ôum meoù HO360HOHHUK, MOü npekpacmiu OKOJIKUù eex! [II, 42]) nonra AOCJIOBHO nobtopaetcfl B "B He no HHHy 6apcTBeHHofl ujy6e": deertrihaduambiü ee/c pycckoü Kynbmypbi - pcaôueiuuucr, Konnenbiu, HenoemopiiMbiù [II, 392]. TaKHM o6pa30m, MaHjiejibiiiTaMOBCKoe o6pamehne K KyubTypHOMy Haanejxmo jebathafluatoro Bena, o/ihobpemehho BbiCTynaromeMy H KaK "BbicoKMn" npeue^eht, H KaK cymma xyao>kectbehhbix B03M0>KH0CTeH, pa3bopa L ihbaioiuhxca, B TOH HJiH HHOH Mepe peajih3yiommxch B cobpeiviehhom MaHjeJibuiTaMy no33hh, MOTHBHpyeT Heo6xOflMMOCTb yctahobjiehhh CHCTeMbI COOTBeTCTBHH, cymectbyto- UIHX MeXJiy HByMH COCTaBJIJUOLUHMH nosthheckoh TpaflHHHM. BepOflTHO, HMeHHO c HM CB>i3aHa H cepna "B3anMoynoAo6jieHMH", aoctatohho Kerxo npocjiokhbaiomaflcx B TBopHecTBe MaHaejibUJTaMa nepboft nojiobhhbi ABa,n,uaTbix rojob - K HMnJiHUHTHOH napajijiejih TioTHeBa H He,no6poBO CM. B CTaTbe "Bypa M HaracK" xapaktephcthkh XoaaceBHHa (Xodaceeun Kyjibmueupoeaji memy EopamuncKOzo: "Mou dap yôoz u zo.noc MOU nezpomok" - ecnnecku eapbupoeaji memy nedonockci. Ezo MJiaduiciR JIUHUR - cmuxu emopocmenehhbix nosmoe nyuikunckoü u nocnenyiukuhckoü 11

12 nopbi - domciuihue nosmbi-juoóumemi, epode zpacpuhu PocmonmiHoii, Bx3eMcxozo u dp. <... > XodaceeuH donec daotce do deaduamozo eexa 3ciMbicjioeamocmb u HeMcnym zpyöocmb npocmohapoduozo Mocxoecxozo zoeopxa, KCIKIIM nonb3oeajiucb e öapcxux.iwnepamyphbix xpyzax npoumozo eexa [II, ]), Conoryöa (doeedfi do xpaimeù npocmombi u coeepiuencmea <...> npuembi cmapoü pyccxoü.lupuxu ynadonnozo nepuoda, exjuoncir Hadcona, Anyxmuna u ronehumeea-kyrnysoea, <...> OH cdencrn Heeo3MOMCHbiMu echxue nonumxu eo3epaiuehux x npouuiomy [II, 292]) H XjieÖHHKOBa ( OzpoMHcm dojih HanucciHHOzo XneönuxoebiM - ne nmo UHoe, xax Jiezxax nosmunecxax öoninoehh, <... > coomeemcmeyknuan omcmynnehuhm U3 "Eezemix OnezuHa " unu nyuixuhcxomy: "3axciMcu ceöe e Teepu c napme3cih0m Mcixapomi u ïiunnuuy ceapu" [II, 296]); cp. B "ÜHCbMe o pycckofi no33hh": Knmee napoden nomomy, nmo e HBM CMCueaemcn suiôimecxuii dyx EoparmiHcxozo c eeufum naneeom HezpciMomnozo ojioheifxozo cxci3umejih [II, ], - H: AxMamoea npunecna e pyccxyw nupuxy ecto ozpomhyw c/iojkhocmb u ncuxojiozunecxoe óozamcmeo pyccxozo pomaua deexmnaduamozo eexa [II, 239]. OcoôeHHO noka3atejibho B STOM OTHOHJCHHH TO, HTO MaH^ejib- UJTaM He OrpaHHMHBaeTCH yctahobjiehhem KOHCTaHTHblX COOTBeTCTBHH, a Hcnojib3yeT nepekpeiumbaiomheca "otcdknectbjiemifl". Koraa, c OHHOH ctopohbi.,%jifl cobpeiviehhhka OTbiCKHBaeTca HecKOJibKO "mnojiorhheckh" 6JIH3KHX npealuectbehhhkob u. c apyrofi CTopoHbi, abtopbi üebhthajmatoro BeKa BbicTvnaioT "TepMHHOM cpabhehwa" zum pa3hbix nostob. CM., Hanpniviep, xapaktepncthky cojioryöobckoh no33hh B 3a\ieTKe 1924 ro.ua "K loôhjieio O.K.Cojioryôa": npo3pcihhbimu zophbimii pyubxmu mexjiu cojiozy6o6cxue cmuxu c ajibnuücxoit iinomneecxoù eepuaihbi. <...> Ho zde-mo mawm e po3oeamom xonode a.ibnuücxom eehhbie cneza Ttomneea. Cmuxu Conozyoa npednonazcuom cyiuecmeoeanue u maxmie eehhozo.ibda. TOM, uaeepxy, e mwmneecxux Anbnax, ux npimuna, ux 3apojKàeHue. <...> Tawm, mawm mwmneecxue cneza. nepe3 noneexa Twmnee cnycxaemcn x HCUUUM domom [II, 408]. EjiH3Kaa o6pa3hoctb ncnojib3yetcfl u npn onncahhh HTCHHH He,no6poBO B "Lilyivie BpeMeHH": Penb ezo <...> nponchxjiacb na yduenenbe, xozda àoxodiuio do Twmueea, ocoôehho do ajibnuùcxux cmuxoe: <...> xasanocb, vmeu mo.ibxo nmo npononocxaji zop.no xojiodnou anbnuùcxoù eoàoù [II, 390]; cp. B "3aMeTKax o no33mm": Cmuxu ÏJacmepHaxa nonumamb - zopno nponucmumb [II, 556]; 3.uecb >Ke CM. noabjiehhe o6pa3a Ajibn B CTHxax namara Benoro.' OH <...> maiuymi cmyncui Ha mechbix Anbn mponbi [III, 85]; HaKOHeu, CM. B pahheü peueh3hm Ha KHury CTHXOB 3peHÖypra. KOTopbifi no.ib3yemcx ceoeo6pa3hbim "mwmneecxum" npuemom, enofine e dyxe pyccxozo cmuxa, oönexax nauoonee Mcanoönue cemoeanux e punimunecxu cypoebiù HM6 [I, 181]. Pe3yjibTaTOM noaoöhoh cephh cemahtnneckhx "czlbhrob" CTaHOBHTCH TO, MTO (j)mrypa TK)THeBa H CBfl3bIBaeMa>I C Heß 3HMHaa 78

13 "ajibnnhckaa" o6pa3hoctb npno6petak)t CTaTyc CBoero po.ua KOMnpeccnpoBaHHofi "MeTa(j)opbi" no33hh HaiaJia Bena. B 3TOT ACC CMHCJIOBOH pnn BCTpanBaeTCfl c6jih)kehhe nactephaka c OeTOM (Ileped HCIMU 3HcmumeJibHoe nampuapxcuibhoe nenenue pycckoü no93uu <Pema [II, 556]) n, HTO oco6ehho HHTepecHO, HenpflMoe yno^oöjiehhe ero EanouiKOBy - B ynomiihabiuemca (JjparivieHTe "Eypn M HaracKa", KOTopbiH 3aBepuiaeTCH, KaK H crratbfl B uejiom, cjiejiyiomnmh cjiobamh: Tozda npuxodum nosm, eockpeiuawiquü deecmeennyio cwiy nozuueckozo cmpox npednojke- HUH. llmehho smomy yduenfuicr e EammuKoee TlyiuKUH, u ceoezo YlyiuKUHa Mcdem nacmephcik [II, 298]. B CBH3M c nocjieahhm cjiynaem cobepmehho ocoôbifl CMbicji npho6petaet CTMXOTBopeHHe 1932 ro.ua "BairoiuKOB" (no BpeMeHH HanncaHUH npomexytomhoe MOKHy nphhumnhajibhbimh n BBOAALUHMM TeMy no33mh AeBflTHaauaToro Bexa "flahte TioTieBy CTpeK03y..." n "CTHxaMH o pycckoü no33mm"), CKDKCTHO CTpo^meeca Ha "BCTpene" JinpHnecKoro repoa c BaTiouiKOBbiM, HTO, C pa^oivi orobopok, flejiaet.nonycthmbim BKJiioqeHHe B jahhoe cemahthheckoe npocrpahct- B0 MMeHH nyuikmha - cp. B tiephobbix MaTepwaJiax K "Pa3roBopy o flahte": EamwwKoe - 3anucHctR KHUMCKCI uepomcdeunozo üyiukuna - nozuô ommozo, nmo 6KVCIU1 om Taccoebix nap, ne latex K HUM Jlanmoeoü npueueku [III, 401]. B CBOK> OHepoojb, nphcytctbyiomee B xapaktephcthke BairoiiiKOBa ynomhhahhe Kocuox3bi- HUH (Haute Myneme u nauie ôozamcmeo, KocHOH3biHHbiù, c coöoü OH npunec [III, 66]) MO>KeT 6biTb OTiacTH conoctabjieho c onncahnem nostmheckoro H3biKa riactepha- Ka B "3a\ieTKax o no33nn", - cp., B HacTHOcra, (jjparmeht, HenocpeACTBeHHO BbiTeKaioiUHH H3 ahajitna nacrephakobckoh crpo(j)bi: TCIK, pasmaxueax pykcimii, oopmona, ruiememcn no33uh, <...> OMiMceHHO onymenan u ece-mciku eduncineenhcih mpe36cih [II, 556], - HTO B03BpamaeT K CTaTbe "CJIOBO M KyjibTypa": Hune npoucxodum KOK 6bi nenenue zjioccojianuu. B C6MueHH0M uccmyruiemiu nosmbi zoeopnm na R3biKe ecex epemeh, ecex Kyjibmyp H T.R. [I, 216] s. FIoxioÖHoe conojiowe- HHe B "rehethheckom" acnekte HMeH üyuikhha n BaTioiuKOBa B comerahiin c xapakteph3yk)meh jiahhbifl KOHTCKCT TCMOM nostmheckoro chhtakchca n TeM 3HaHeHMeM, Koropoe emy nph^abaji cam MaHjiejibiiiTaM 9, mer HeKOTopbie OCHOBaHMH Jim JIOnOJIHHTejIbHOH "lihehth^hkauhm" abtopa CTOXOTBOpeHHfl "BaTioiiiKOB" He TOJibKO c ero repoem, HO H C IiyiiiKHHbiM. KocBeHHbiM nofltbep/kaehhem 3TOMy MOVKCT cjiyxhtb OTHomem-ie MaHAejibuiTaMa K,0,aHTe H camonpothbonoctabjiehme e\iy no3huhn cobpemehhoh no33hh, B nepbyio OHepe^b - BjiOKa; CM. B nephobbix HaGpocKax K "Pa3roBopy o flahte": Hwezo ne yeudeji, KpoMe zozoneeckozo Hoca! - JJcmmoecKoe nyuejio us deexmhcidifamozo eekci! JJ.w mozo, nmoôbi ckcaamb dmo ccmoe npo scwcmpenmiu HOC, H)>MHO ôbuio o6h3ame/ibho m 79

14 Humamb /Janma [III, 405], - HTO npamo nepekuhkaetca c coäepwamehcfl TaM >Ke xapaktephcthkoti no33hh AeBaTHaauaToro BeKa: He3HaKOMcmeo pycckux uumameneü c umajibtmckumu noamomu (n pa3ymew JJanma, Apuocma u Tacca) mem ôojiee nopci3umejibho, nmo He Kino UHOù, KOK üyiukuh, eocnpuhfui om umajibhhu,ee 63pbi6Hamocmb u HeoMcudciHHOcmb zapmohiiu. <...> OduH mo.ibko YlyiuKUH cmoxji Ha nopoze nodmihhozo, 3penozo nohumanuh /Janma. <...> PyccKan no33ux eupocna mak, KciR ôydmo JJamna He cyiuecmeoeajio. 3mo necnacmbe HOMU do eux nop ne OCO3HCIHO [III, ]. TaKHM o6pa30m, OTHOiueHHe K xy/ioxectbehhomy Hacjiejmio ^ahte, CTporo robopa - 3H3KOMCTBO C HUM H ero nohhmamie, crahobhtcfl ",znic})4)epehuha- TbHblM npm3hakom" JJJW CKpbITOH (H, BepOHTHO, BIlOJIHe 6eCC03HaTeJIbHOH) cj)opmbi "camootoxaectbjiehha" c IlyiiiKHHbiM n MO>KeT 6biTb BKJnOHeHO B ojuih paa CO c6jin>kehhem nactephaxa c BaiKiiuKOBbiM l0. B CBOK onepeiib, HMnjiHKannfl (J)Hrypbi IlyuiKHHa B03BpamaeT K nyiiikhh- CKOMy "CJIOK)" "ErHneTCKOH MapKH" H, B nacthocth, K onhcahhio OKJieeHHon KapTHHKaMH neperopojtkh y nopraoro MepBHca: Tym 6bui UVUIKUH c xpuebim jiuljom, e Mexoeoù luyöe, Komopozo xakue-mo zocnoda, noxomcue na (pcikejibiuukoe, ebihocwiu U3 y3koü, KüK Kapaymnan 6ydxa, mpembi <...>, He oöpaiuax 6HUMüHUR Hü yduenehhozo Kyuepa e Mumpononmbeü uianne [II, 468], - npnnem o6pa3bi KapeTbi n Kvnepa nphmo BCüVT K cootbetctbywmeiviy "3HMHeMy" KOHTeKCTy CTHXOB H npo3bi Ha i iajia jiba^uatbix rojiob. HTO nojikpenjuetca o6pa30m MHTponojiMHben maniai. npe^bocxiimehhom B rjiaße "B He no HHHy 6apcTBeHHOH uiyöe" "LLJyMa BpeivieHH" B onhcahhh noptpeta JleoHTbeBa. KoMÖHHauHH o6pa30b MCXOBOH iiiankh H uiy6bi npeaonpe^ejmet eme OJIHH CMbicjiOBOH cübhr, Be.irymHH K cymectbehhomy jvm MaHßeJibuJTaMOBCKoro TBopnecTBa ^BazmaTbix ro,aob o6pa3y luepctm, cemahthiec- Kaa cneuh(j)hka KOToporo onpe^enaetca ero ojmobpemehhoft cooraecehhoctbio c 3K3HCTeHUHajibHbiM H MeTaTeKCTyajibHbiM HanajiaMH (no^poöhee 3TH o6pa3bi, Kax H KOHTeKCT MX CJWHKHHOHHpOBaHHH. paccmatphbaiotcfl ROSiee). IlpHMeHHTejIbHO K "ErHneTCKOH \iapke" noabjuietca B03MO>KHOCTb juin pnjia üonojihhtejibhbix HHTepnpeTauHH H B nepbyio onepeab - cj)a6yjibhoh OCHOBH nobecth. IloxHineHHe BH3HTKH IiapHOKa jobojibho OT'ieTJiHBO CB5i3biBaeTca c o6pa30m iiiepcra: BOnepßbix, Mepe3 B03MO>KHyK) HMnjiMKannre B HMCHM repoh HaivieKa Ha gnntet "naphokonbithbifi" (CM. O HCM >Ke: e lukone dpci3hunu ezo "oeuoù", "jiaxupoecihhbim Konbimom" [II. 477]; CM.: [PoHeH 1973: 378]; cp. co.nep>kamyk>cfl B "IlyTeujecTBHH B ApMeHHio" "camo.xapaktephcthky": MHe noka3cuiocb, ôydmo H CMenwi Konbimooöpci3Hyw u nponbuiehhyio zopodckyw oßyeb na nezkue MycyjibMciHCKiie nyenku [III, 186]) H. BO-BTopbix, nepe3 conoctabhmoctb c MH(J)OM o noxhinehhh 30JiOToro pyha; cp. B 80

15 "3ojiOTHCToro Meaa CTpya H3 6yTbuiKH TeKJia...": 3onomoe pyno, zde Mee mu, 3onomoe pyno? [I, 128]. KoHTaMHHauHfl B nocjieahem TeKCTe cioxetob o njiabahhh aprohabtob H Ozmccee (BO3MO)KHO, jipnojihhtejibho MOTHBHpoBaHHaa 3nn3oaoM "nepebonjiomehma" OäHCCCH H ero cnythhkob B OBeu H 6apaHOB B neuxepe UMKJIOna), C OAHOH CTOpOHbl, H COe^MHeHHe HMeHH O^HCceH c o6pa30m aejibc )HHa B CTHXOTBopeHMH 1937 ro^a 'ToHnapaMH BCJIMK octpob CHHMH..." (dejibcpunuü ÜJiaeHUKoe ux nod3emhbiü y dap <...>. 3mo ôbuio u nenocb, cuhen, MHOZO 3adomo do Oduccen [III, 133]), c.npyroö CTopoHbi, BepoflTHO, o6-bhchhet, nonemy B (J)HHaJie nobecth BH3MTKa naphoka, nodokae Jiacmu, yneznacb e uemodan ocoôenno xopoiuo, nournu ne nomxeiuucb, - luanoejiuebim lueeuomoebim denbfpuhom, KomopoMy OHCI cpodmi nokpoem u MOJiodoü dyuioü [II, 495] ". MeTacjiopMnecKaa 3KBHBajieHTHOCTb o6pa3a aejib(j)mha o6pa3y j y m H oôhapyao-ibaetca ya<e B "nporpammhom" CTHXOTBopeHMH 1909 ro.ua "HH O nem He Hy>KHO robophtb...", npnnem, 4TO oco6ehho BajKHO, nocnezuîhh "HaziejiaeTca" npamofi coothecehhoctbio c >KHBOTHbiM Ha i iajiom: M neuanbha mcik u xopouia Tejunan 3eepuHan dyiua <...> M nibieem dejibcpunom MOJiodbiM IJo cedbim nyuuhom MupoebiM [I, 44-45], - BCJieacTBne nero nohbjuietca ochobahhe HHTepnperapoBaTb notepio BH3HTKH IlapHOKa Kax CBoeo6pa3Hoe pa3nynehhe c jiymovi - CM. oôpamemie K nopraomy: Mepeuc, mno mbi Hcidencuil 3cmeM Jiuuaui TlapnoKa 3eMHoù OôOJIOHKU, 3cmeM pa3jiymin c MIUIOù cecmpoù? [II, 466]. B TO >Ke BpeMa, B aahhom oôctohtenbctbe MO>KHO ybh^etb HaiweK Ha ytpaty TBopnecKHX cnocoôhoctefi - cp. cj)par\ieht CTaTbM "CJIOBO H KyjibTypa": Pci3ee eeiub XO3HUH cnoea? Cnoeo - IJcuxen. )Kueoe cnoeo <...> ceoôodno euoupaem, KCIK 6bi dnx JKUJibn, my luiu unyio npedmemnyw 3HCiHUMOcmb, eeiumcmb, Mimoe meno. M eokpyz eeiyu cnoeo ônyotcdaern ceoôodno, KCIK dyiua eokpyz ôpowehhozo, HO He 3ü6bimozo mena [I, 215], - a Ha ôojiee a6ctpakthom ypobhe 3xa CHTyauMH MO>KeT nohhmatbch KaK CBoero po/ra "AeHHaMBHjyajiH3aunfl" repoa, HaxtejieHMe ero nph3hakom ahohmmhocth, 6e3biM>iHHOCTH ' 2. OaHOBpeMeHHO c 3THM, o6pa3 II eux eu ynotpe6neh B OHepKe 1922 roaa "KpoBaBaa MHCTepna 9-ro HHBapa", rjie OH B03HHKaeT npmmehhtejibho K o6pa3y 3HMHero netep6ypra - CM.: Mpcmno cmotui o6e3zjiae/iehhbiù IJemepôypz, <...> zopod ôe3 dyuiu HeMbicnuM - u oceoóozköehhax mean dyuia IJemepôypza, KCIK nezkhcih cupomjiuear ricuxen, yxce ôpodima na cnezax [II, 242]; cp. uhthpyembih.najiee (j)parmeht 3aMeTKH c noka3atejibhbim Ha3BaHHeM "IUy6a": 3mo 6buia cypoean u npekpachüh 3UMa zoda. <...> Tozda y Uemepôypza oemaeanacb odna zo.ioea, odnu nepebi [II, 247]. KpoMe Toro. "KpoBaBaa MHCTepHH 9-ro HHBapn" co^ep>kht H!I

16 ynotpeöjiehhe no OTHOIUCHHH K POCCHH o6pa3a 3 e e p H (CM.: ÜMnepamopcKcm Poccux ymepjia KCIK 3eepb [II, 241]), nmo conocmaeumo c qbuhcuibhbwu cmpokomu "B He no HUH)' ôapcmeehhoù luyôe", zde smom o6pci3 KOMÖuHupyemcn c oöpa30m uiepcmu (Henb3R 3eepx) cmbidumbcn nyumoù ceoeù uikypbi. HoHb ezo onyiuwia. 3UMCI ezo odena. Jlumepamypa - 3eepb [II, 392]) 13. "3ooMop(J)Haa" o6pa3hoctb Hcnojib30BaHa MaHziejibiiiTaMOM H npn ynomhhamin XneÖHHKOBa B 3aMexKe 1922 roaa "JlHTepaTypHaa MocKBa": B MocKee XneónuKoe, KCIK Jiecnoü 3eepb, MOZ ykpbieambca om CJIC13 He.ioeenecKux u He3aMenmo npomensm ztcecmokue MOCKoecKue Hounezu HCI sesienyw noezopodckyro Mozwiy [II, 257], - HTO cymectbehho pacmnpaet paccmarpu- BaeMoe CMbicjiOBoe npoctpahctbo 14. Bo-nepBbix, o6pa3 3ejieHon HOBropojiCKOH MorHJibi conoctabmm c Hcnojib30BaHHeM 6jiH3Koro o6pa3a B cjjhhajie craxotbope- HHïi 1932 roaa "JTaNiapK" (oco6ehho B KOHTCKCTC cneuncjwheckom "ahhmajihcthneckoh" TeMaTMKM nocjie,zmero, npoennpyemofi B JIHHHOCTHBIH njiah): M om HCIC npupoda omcmynwia - TUK, KCIK öydmo Mbi eü ne nyokhbi, <...> M nodbemhbiù Mocm OHO 3ci6buia, Ono3dciJia onyemumb dnn mex, y KOZO 3ejieHcin MOZWICI, Kpacnoe dbixcihbe, ZUôKUù CMex [III, 62]. Bo-BTopux, ynomhhahhe HMCHHO HOBropoflCKofi Mornjibi, noakpenjiaemoe cncnyiomeh 3a HHM OTCbuiKofi K pycckomy cpe^hebekobbk) (CM.: M.A.AKcenoe, e ckpomheüutem m ckpomhbix JiumepamypHUx coôpcihuù, 603J10MCW1 HCI Mozwiy yweduiezo ee.iukozo apxauueckozo nosma npekpac- Hbiii eenok cihcuiumuneckoù KpumuKu, oceemue npunifunom omhocume.ibhocmii DüHUimeüna apxauky XjieônuKoea u oônapy^cue cen3b ezo m6opnecmea c dpeenepyc- CKUM HpaecmeeHHbiM udeanom wecmnadifcimozo u cemhciduamozo eekoe [II, 257]). BnojiHe conoctabhmo c cootbetctbyiomeh coctabnaiomeh MOTHBa JiMTepaTypHofî 3JIOCTH B rjiabe "B He no HHHy ôapctbehhoh iiiyôe": Hoezopodubi u nckoeunu - eom mcik Mce cepdusiucb na ceoux UKOHCIX: npyccimu, dpyz y dpyza Ha zonoeax, emosmu MupxHe <...>. B Hux nydumch MHe npooopci3 numepamyphoù 3Jiocmu [II, 387]. B TO >Ke BpeMfl, npncytctbyiomee B TeKCTe 3aMeTKH HMA 3HHniTenHa nobtopaetca H npn xapaktepnctmke xjieöhhkobckon no33nn B CTaTbe 1923 ro.ua "Bypa H HaTHCK", nie OHO conojiaraetca c BBOAAIUHM TeMy apebhepycckoh JiHTepaTypbi "CJIOBOM O nojikv HropeBe". - CM.: KciKoù-mo uduomimeckuù SùmumeùH, ne ymewufuù pa3jimumb, mno ôniimce - Mce.ie3Hodopojx:Hbiù.uoem UJIU "C.ioeo o no.iky Mzopeee" [II. 296]. PeryjïflpHbin xapaktep coeanhehna MMCHH Xjie6HMK0Ba c HayHHbiM Hacjie^neM 3HHUiTeHHa H ">Kejie3HO^opo>KHOH" o6pa3hoctbio (cp.: [FlapHMC 1991: 193]) no3bojiiiet, KaK Ka^KeTca, paccmatpiibatb noflbjiehne B (jjmhajie CTaTbH "KoHeu pomaha" HMCHH 3HHWTeHHa H "OiOBa o nojiky HropeBe" KaK TJIVOOKO onocpeaobahhyw t})opmy KoppejDmnn c JiHHHOCTbio XiieÔHHKOBa. - TeM 6ojiee. I ITO 82

17 3Ta CMbicjïOBaa KOMÔHHauHH ocjio>khaetca nojkjnohehhem K Heft 300Mop(j)Hofi CHMBOJIHKH: Kpu3uc pomcihci, mo ecmb cpaöynu, HacbiufeHHOü epemenem, coencui c npoeo3znawehuem npunifuna omhocumejibhocmu 3üHiumeÜHa. <...> Oneeudno, cimoio eeufeù coepemehhbiù npo3ciuk cmanoeumcn nemonucuem, u pomcm eo3epaufaemcx K ceoum ucmohhukcim - K "Cnoey o nojixy Hzopeee", K nemonucu, K azuozpckpuu, K "Hembu Muneu". Cnoea Mbicnb npo3ctuka eexuieü pacmexaemch no dpeey ucmopuu, u ne HUM scimcihumb amy eexiuy e pynnyjo KJiemKy [II, 275]. Ilpn STOM B "ErnneTCKofi MapKe" MaHAeJibuiTaM noctyjinpyet npamyio CBfl3b HOBOH npo3bi c >Kejie3Hofi floporoh: )Kejie3Hax dopoza u3memwa ece menenue, ece nocmpoenue, eecb mak/n Haiueü npo3bi. OHCI omdcma ezo eo enactm 6eccMbicjieHHOMy nonomaubm cppahuy3ckozo MVMCUHKCI U3 "AHHM KapemiHoü". <...> JJa, mcim, zde oönueawmcn zopxnum MCICJIOM MHCucmbie pbmazu napoeo3oe, - mcim dbiiuum OHCI, zonyöyiuko. npo3a [II, 495]; cp.. B CBOK) onepe,ztt>, B "Bype M HaracKe": OzpoMHCin dojin HanucauHozo XneÔHUKoebiM - ne Hino uhoe, KüK jiezkcih nosmimeckcix öonmoehn <...>. OH dem oópci3i\u nydechoù npo3bi - deecmeehhoù u Heepci3yMumejibHoù, KOKpaccxci3peöeHxa [II, 296]. CßH3b JIHHHOCTH XjieÔHHKOBa C MOTHBOM MC e.1 e 3 H o ü d o p o z u Morjia MOTMBwpoBaTbCfl npncytctbhem 3TOH TeMbi B ero Co6cTBeHHOM TBOpneCTBe, - CM., Hanpwviep, B 3aMeTKe 1913 ro.na (TO ectb BpeMeHH BecbMa nactbix BCTpen Manae- JibuiTaMa H XjieÖHMKOBa) "PHB O >Kene3Hbix jioporax" H^eio coennhehhh pen >KeJie3HOHOpOyKHbIMH nytflmh, HTO MO>KeT ÖblTb COnOCTaBJTCHO C 0C06bIM MeCTOM o6pa3a pek B TBopnecKOM co3hahhh XneOHHKOBa (ynomhhaembim AaJiee B CBA3M C "PasroBopoM o,q,ahte): YcmbH Hynan u JJona, öydynu ciuumbi dpyz c dpyzom edonb MopcKozo öepeza, dadym pacifeem wzy. - Ha ceeepe Poccuu dojimchbi öbinib mopowiueo c6h3cmbi TJenopa u 06b u Jlena u Enuceü. <...> Ha eocmoke om Buc.ibi pyena Bojizu u JJnenpa <...> MOZJIU 6bi, KOK eepxyiuku depeebee, öbimb cen3cihbi OöHUM jkene3hodopomchbim KpyzoM [Xjie6HHK0B 1987: 594]. K STOM xe o6pa3hocra nphôeraet XJICGHHKOB B O^HOH H3 Ba>KHeHuiHX CBOHX TeopeTHHecKiix CTaTefi "Hauia ochoba" 1919 ro,aa: OöujecmeeHHbie denmenu epnd nu ynumuecuiu mom eped, Komopuü HanocumcH Heydanno nocmpoehmim cnoeom <...>, <...> nem nymeüifee H3UKÜ. <...> Kmo ii3 MocKSbi e Kuee noedem nepe3 Hbw-Hopx? A KCIKCIR cmpoukci coepemehhozo n3bik0. ceoôodna om maxux nymeiuecmeuu? [XJICöHMKOB 1987: 624]. XapaKTepHO, HTO CHTyauHa "onocpejiobahhoro".hbhvkchmh, npehbocxnmeha B "PaBe o >Kejie3Hbix Aoporax" B COöCTBCHHO >Kejie3HOHopo>KHOM nnahe: Tenepb Mee, nmoö nonacnib e Capamoe iciu Kci3üHb, Hitotcezopodeu. doiimcen npoexamb e Mocxey [XjieÖHHKOB 1987: 594], - H Ta\i >Ke coaepahtca \Ka3aHHe Ha B03M0AH0CTb onpeaenehhoh "cemahth3aumh" >Kejie3Hbix aopor: Ecmb onacnocmb, mno Mcene3- HblMll dopozümu, KÜK HenOHHmHblMU ÖyKßüMU HenOHHmHOZO H3MKÜ, ne ÓbUlO Obi 83

18 HcmepmciHO <...> c.ioeo "znynocmb" [XiieÔHHKOB 1987: 594], - HTO, B CBOKD onepeab. yxe B 4HCTO MeTa(j)opHHecKOH (j)opme nobtopaetca B "Hamen ochobe": Eanu 6 OKCi3ciJiocb, nmo 3ciK0Hbi tipocmux men a3öyku oduhükoeu dnn cembu H3biKoe, mo dnst eceü smoü cembu napodoe MOOKHO öbuio 6bi nocmpoumb Hoeuü Mupoeoü n3bik - noe3d c 3epKcmaMu CJ106 HbK>-HopK-MocK6ci [XJieÖHHKOB 1987: 624] ' 5. K ">Kejie3HOAopo>K- HOH" MeTacj)opHKe XJICöHMKOB oöpamaetcn H B MaHH(j)ecTe 1916 roaa "Tpyöa viapcwah": MM eckpbuiu nenamu na noe3de 3a HOMUM napoeo30m dep3ocmu, - mem Hunezo Hem, KpoMe MOZWI fohouieù. <...> KOK oceoôodumb ôbicmpbiù napoeo3 MJiaduiux eo3pacmoe om npuyenu6iuezocx <...> moeapnozo noe3da cmapuatx eo3pacmoe? [XJICöHHKOB 1987: ]. O/moBpeMeHHO c STHM, nocjie,hhhh TCKCT coaep>kht pa3bephytbih o6pa3 H3o6peTaTejiefl KaK HOCHTejiefi HOBoro xyaoxect- BeHHoro, B nacthoctm, co3hahmh, npotmboctohiuhx npeaiuectbyiomemy nokojie- HHK) nphoöpetatejien: u3o6pemame.au e UOJIHOM CO3HOHUU ceoeù ocoöou nopodbi, dpyzux npaeoe u ocoöozo nocojibcmea omdenntomen. om npuoöpemameneü e He3aeucuMoe zocydapemeo e p e M e H u (nuuiennoe npocmpancmea) u cmaexm Mexcdy coôoù u UMU Mcene3Hbie npymbn [XjieömiKOB 1987: 603], - c xapaktephbim npii3bibom: Ylycmb Mnennbiü Ylymb packonemcn na Mnenubiù Uymb u3o6pemameneü u MjieHHbiü IJymb npuoöpemameneü [Xjie6HHKOB 1987: 602]; cp. coeanhehne STHX ace MOTHBOB B "ilhcbme /TByM anohuam" Toro >Ke 1916 ro/ja - c oahofi CTopoHbi: JJyMCimb o Kpyzo-ruMOJiaùcKoù Mcene3H0Ù dopoze c eemkomu e Cy3if u Ma.iciKKy [XJieÖHHKOB 1987: 605], - H, C apyrofi CTopoHbi: CoK>3Hax nomoufb u3o6pemame.wm e ux öopböe c npuoöpemamejwmu. H3o6pemamejiu HOM 6JIU3KU U nohhmmi [Xjie6HHKOB 1987: 605]. CHMnTOMaraHHbiM npeactabjifletca TO oöctoarejibctbo, HTO MOTHB no3tm i ieckoro H3o6peTeHHa 3aHHMaeT O/THO H3 uehtpajibhbix MecT B CMbicjiOBOM CTpoe CTaTbH MaHflejibuiTaMa "JlHTepaTypHaa MocKBa", coaep>kameh ero nepbbifi OTKJIHK Ha CMepTb XjieÔHHKOBa; nph STOM B xanectbe pabhonpabhoro cootbetctbha no3tmheckomy n3o6petehhio MaHjieJibUJTaM Ha3biBaeT no3th L ieckoe BOcnoMHHaHne: Ihoópemenbe u eocnomunanue udym e no33iiu pyna oó pyky, ecnomhumb - 3Hanum modtce usoöpecmu, ecnomuha/oufuu mom Jtce u3o6pemameiib. KopeHHCix öone3hb numepamyphozo ekyca Mocxebi - 3ci6eeHbe smoü deoühoü npaedbi. MocKea cnelfua.iu3upoea.iacb Hü laoöpemeubu [II, 258]. Ka"/KeTca BnojiHe BepOflTHbIM. HTO B CBOHX paccy'/kjjehhhx MaHJjejlbUJTaM nbltaetcfl "npmmhphtb" co6ctbehhbih TBopnecKHH MeToa c cobpeviehhoh emy nosthheckoh CHTyaunefi - MOTHB BOcnoMHHaHHfl He npocto 3aHH\iaeT Ba>KHoe MecTO B ero xyao>kectbehhoh HaeOJIOrHH, HO npamo COOTHOCHTCfl C COÖCTBeHHO akmehcthheckhmh (B UIHpOKOM nohhmahhh) nphhumnamm oöpamehhh K MHpoBOH KyjibType. HecjiynaHHO, BepoaT- Ho. B KanecTBe yaaihoro coe/ihhehhfl /myx paccmatphbaembix Hanaji S4

19 MaHüejibiiiTaM Ha3biBaeT JIHHHOCTHO 6JIH3KVK> e\iy no33hio FlacTepHaKa.- PhoöpemeHbe u eocnomunanbe - dee cmuxuu, KomopbiMu devatcemcsi rio93usi [JacmepHaKa [II, 259]. HaxoHeu, KaK B03MO>KHoe npohhneckoe oöbirpbibahhe HJIH 6ecco3HaTejibHoe npoflbjiehhe coothecehhocra cj)hrypbi XneÖHMKOBa H H#en n3o6petatejibctba CM.: JJeoimax npaeda laoöpemehbx u eocnomuhcihbn nyokha, KOK xjieô [II, 259]. OaHOBpeMeHHO c 3THM, KmoneBbie xum ahanh3hpyemoro CMbicjiOBOro e^hhctba cemahthheckne 3JieMeHTbi, CKOMÖHHHpoBaHbi MaHÄeJibiiiTaMOM H B TaKOH nphhunnhajibhoh juin ero xyao)kectbehhoro MHpoB033peHHfl paöote, KaK CTaTba "O npnpoae cjioba". Bo-nepBbix, B Heß npflmo ynommhaetca TBop L iectbo XjieÔHHKOBa, conojiaraemaa co "CJIOBOM O nojiky MropeBe": nokci BenuMup XneÔHUKoe <...> nozpy^caem nac e ccimyw zyiyy pycckozo Kopnecnoeusi, e dmumojiozimecxyio Honb, <...> Mcuea ma xce CCIMCIH pycckcin numepamypa, jiumepamypa "C.ioea o nomy Mzopeee" [I, 220]. Bo-BTopbix, BBO.ij.Hafl nactb CTaTbH coaep>kht ccbijiky Ha nphhuhn oraochtejibhocth: Enazodapn u3menehuw Konuuecmea codepmcanun coöbimuü, npuxodmuuxcx Ha meecmmm npomemcymox epemenu, 3aKOJie6cuiocb nohumue edimuu,bi epemenu, u ne cnyuaüho coepemennar MctmeMannmecKafi nayica ebideuny.ia npiihifitn omnocumenbhocmu [I, 217]. H, B- TpeTbHx, B CBOHX paccy>knehhflx 06 OTcyTCTBHM nporpecca B xuitepatype MaHjiejibiiiTaM onephpyet nohflthem H3o6peTeHHfl: Ecnu nocnyiuamb ucmopukoe numepamypbi, cmomuux Ha mohke 3penun 360JiK>ifuoHU3Ma, mo nojiynaemcn, nmo nucamenu <...> ynacmeymm e KOHKypce laoôpemehuù na yjiymuemie KUKOü-mo jiumepamyphoù MüiuuHbi [I, 219]. Bojiee cjio>khafl KoppejwuHfl MaanejibiiiTaMOBCKHX npeactabjiehmh o npo3e c ">Kene3HO^OpO>KHOH" CHMBOJIHKOH COJiep)KHTCfl B O.HHOH H3 abtoxapaktepmcthk B "HeTBepTOH npo3e": KaK cmanbhbimu KondyKmopcKUMu w,unuomu, H eecb tapeiuenen u npoiumemneneean coôcmeennoù (pamiuiueü [III, 178]; ynhtbibaa, MTO ziahhbifi nacca>k Henocpe^cTBeHHO OTHOCHTCA K cy,u,e6homy pa36mpatejibctby, CBfl3aHHOMy c AejiOM TopHCJ)ejibAa (o HeM CM., HanpwMep: [FacnapoB 1993a]) H nojiyihbiiiemy B "HeTBepTOH npoje" pa3hoo6pa3hoe BonjiomeHHe B "cy/ieöho-rophotheckoh" MeTa(j)opHKe, cp. npo^ojkkehhe (j)parmehta o "(})pahuy3ckom My>KMiKe" B "ErnneT- CKOH MapKe": }Kejie3Hodopo3KHaR npo3ci, KUK damckan cymohxa smozo npedcmepmuozo MyjKUHKa, nonna uhcmpymenmamu cuemu,ukci, öpedoebimu nacmuhkamu, CKOÖRHbi- Mu npednozomii, KomopbiM Mecmo na cmone cydeöhbix ymik [II, 495] ' 6. YnHTbiBa«. 4T0 KO BpeMeHH paöotbi Haa "ErnneTCKOH MapKon", BO-nepBbix. ManneiibLUTaMOBcKoe onpeaejiehhe rjioccojiajihh H3 CTaTbH "CJIOBO H KyjibTypa" 6bino npohhheckh packphthkobaho TopHcj)ejibaoM, a ero COöCTBCHHVIO ôpouiiopy "HoBbie cjioba H cjiobehkh" no/mepr pe3k0h KpHTHKe BnHOKyp (CM.: [facnapob 1993a]) H, BO- 85

20 BTopbix, cam MaH^ejibuiTaM B CTaTbe "ÜHTepaTypHaa MocKBa" B03MyineHHO OT03BajiC5i 06 ockopöhtejibhom roph(j)ejib OBCKOM HeKponore XjieÖHHKOBy (cp.: [llaphmc 1991: 203]), Ka)KeTCfl B03MO>KHbIM BKJUOHHTb jahhbie 3nH30Äbl B KOHTeKCT MamiejibuiTaMOBCKOH TeMbi necra, - CM. B "ErnneTCKOH Mapne": Tïponcuia KpynuHO- HKCI: zomeonamuneckoe dpcimce, <...> sma dpoouhonxa umenoeanacb necmbio [II, 483]. HenocpcncTBeHHO B 3TOH CBJOH BBOjmTca MOTHB c K a H d a Ji a, npho6petaiomero neptbi HeoTbeMneMOH coctabjiaiomeh "jihtepatyphoro" 6biTa: CKCIHôCUIOM nasbieaemch öec, omkpbimbiü pycckoü npo30ü unu CüMOü pycckoü ^cu3hbfo e copokoebix, mno nu, zodax [II, 483], - M npoemipyemoro Ha camoro abtopa. OAHHM H3 crynaeb TaKOH npoekuhh BbiCTynaeT ynomhhahhe Pa3ie3>KeH yjihubi (A öecenok CKandana ecemuich e Keapmupy HCI Pa3he3JKeü [II, 483]), Ha KOTopyio 6bino aapecobaho MaH^ejibuiTaMOBCKoe nncbivio Cojioryöy no noboay ynacrafl nocjie^hero B ÖJiaroTBopHTejibHOM Benepe B TeHMUieBCKOM ynhjinme. IloKa3aTeJibHO. ITO aahhbir nacca>k CTaBHTca MaH^enbiuTaMOM B npnmyio "3aBHCHMOCTb" OT npeiuiiectbyiomero "npeuejiehta" JiHTepaTypHoro CKaH/iana: BenepoM HCI dcme e flaesioecke <...> zocnoda numepamopu omnexeocmimu óednozo jomfci - Mnnomana. Tax u ne doeenocb ejuy nponecmb ceow KJieemamyw mempadxy [II, 483], - HTO HMeeT noa C060H ABHbie abtoöhorpa(j)hheckhe ochobahha - 3nH30A MaH^ejibuiTaMOBCKOH "HeBCTpeHH" c Cojiory6oM, 3acj)HKcnpOBaHHbiH B Meiwyapax HßaHOBa (CM.: [PiBaHOB 1994: T. 3, 97]) H HHCKpHriTe rhcuoba, r,ne MaHjieJibiiiTaM xapakteph3yetca xak "othexboctehhbih" CojioryôoM (CM.: [FlapHHC 1991: ]) ' 7. OziHOBpeMeHHO c 3TMM, B nepcnekthbv "jihtepatvphoro 6biTa" MOJKCT BCTpaMBaTbca H npoaojdkehhe npouhthpobahhoro (J)parMeHTa "ErwneTCKOH MapKH": öecenox CKCindcuia <...> monmcmch e npuxomcux - Jimdu, Mcueyufue nod 3ee3Öoü CKCindcuia, nukozda ne yjviewm eoepemh yxodumb, - KCIHWHUJI, nydno npoincijicn, munacb e ny^cue zcuioum. - Focnoda.lumepamopbü Kax öajiepuhcim - my(pejibiat-6a.nemku, max ecim npuhadneztcam zasiouiu. ripiimepmime ux, oômemieaùme: imo eaiu mcweif. <...> deadifamb nem mcikozo mcihua cocmaesinmm 3noxy; copox - ucmopum... [II, 484]. Bo-nepBbix. iiahhbih nacca>k KaJKeTCH AonycTMMbiM coothecra c mnpoko H3BecTHbiM (JiaKTOM nepboro nocemehhfl Cojioryôa BflH.HßaHOBbiM, Kor.ua nocjiczmemy, "HTOôM BWHTH non. ao^cab, HeoöxcuHMO öbijio Ha^eTb KajiouiH. B nepeüheß 6biJio MHoro KanoiiJ <...>. OflHaxo Ha Bcex BanecjiaB MBaHOB BHjieji OJIHH H Te >Ke öykbbi: O.T." [IIHCT 1929: 111]: cp. o TOM >Ke 3nH30.ne H ero OTpa>KeHHH B uiytohhoh nepenncke TnnnHyc w Cojioryôa: [rwnnhyc 1993: 99] IS. Bo-BTopbix, wn^n "ïahua JiHTepaTOpoß" He MO>KeT He BbBBaTb B nammth 3nH30^a "jihtepatyphoh KaapMJin" B "Becax" /],0CToeBCKoro (npw HBHOH OTCbiJiKe K "H^HOTy" B paccmarpnbaemom (jjparmehte MaHfleJIbUJTaMOBCKOH nobectm), nph TOM, HTO B "ÜHCbMe O pycckoh n033hh" 86

21 MaH^ejibiLiTaM.naeT xapaktephcthky KocMuuecKoü nos3uu Bmecnaea Meanoea, zde "daoke MUHepan npomnocum neckojibko cnoe" [II, 237], - HTO nobtopjit cojiepxameeca y /loctoebckoro onhcahhe nosmbi CTenaHa Tpo(})MMOBHHa BepxoBeHCKoro (CM.: [AflpaneTHH 1992: 49] 19 ). B-TpeTbHX, o6pa3 rajiom MOxeT 6biTb CBjnaH c (j)hrypoh Bejioro, B HbeM TBopnecTBe OH 3aHH\iaji 3aMeTHoe MecTO M Hepe^KO HcnoJib30Bajicfl min HpoHMHecKoro CHM>KeHHfl "BbicoKHx" TeM (CM.: [XMeJibHMUKaa 1988: ]); B TO >Ke BpeMa, Hejib3fl He BcnoMHHTb CTaTbio Eejioro 1907 roaa "LUTeMneJieBaHHaa rajioiua", HanpaBJieHHyto HenocpeacTBeHHO B a^pec BaM.MBa- HOBa (o ero peakumh Ha Hee CM.: [Bejibifl 1990a: ]) H CTaBiijyio O^HOH H3 Ba>KHeHIIJHX COCTaBJIHIOmMX CBH3aHHOH C "packojiom" CHMBOJlH3Ma nojiemhkm, rpahh4hblueh co CKaH/iaJioM (cp.: [Eejibifl 1990b: en.]) 20. BO3MO)KHO TaK>Ke. HTO HMeHHO "LUTeMnejieBaHHaa rajiouia" Benoro BMecTe c ero >Ke "LÜTeMnejieBaHHOH KyjibTypofi" 1909 ro.ua OTpa3HJiHCb B npouhtmpobahhofi Bbiiue camoxapaktephcthke H3 "HeTBepTOH npo3bi". OcoöeHHO HHTepecHO TO OOCTOHTCjibCTBO, HTO nph Bcex paccmotpehhbix MOTHBHpoBKax OTHeTJiHBO npoctynaet ahthchmbojihctckaa HanpaBJieHHOCTb MaHziejibiiiTaMOBCKHX Bbina^OB, BnonHe corjiacyiomahch KaK e TeopeTHiecKMMH noctyjiatamh akmeh3ma, Tax H C coöctbehhoh no3huheh MaHflejibiiiTaMa Hanajia xtbajmatbix ro^ob 2I. Bo3Bpama»cb K ynomhhahhio HKOHormcHbix o6pa30b HOBropoxureB H ncko- BHHeH, CHMBOJiM3HpyioiuMX jxsw MaHAejibUüTaMa npoo6pa3 JiHTepaTypHofi 3JIOCTM, Hejib3H He 3aMeTHTb, HTO 3TO onhcahhe, c M3BecTHbiMH orobopkamm, B03BpamaeT K neperopojike nopthoro MepBHca B "ErHneTCKofi MapKe" (CM.: 3ma nepezopodka, OKJieeHHan KapmuHKCiMU, npedcmaejiwia coöoü doeojibho cmpcihhbiü ukonocmac [II, 468]) C ee "nyulkhhckhmh" KOHHOTaUMflMM, B03BpamaK)IHMMH K COeaMHeHHK) HMeH riyiijkhha H XneÔHHKOBa B cratbe "Eypa H HamcK". HHTepecHOH ocoôehhoctbio onucbibaemoro aanee "3pHTejibHoro pa,na" BbicTynaeT ero coothecehhoctb c HeKOTOpbIMM CymeCTBeHHblMH JSJVl MaHflejIbUlTaMOBCKOrO MHpa CMbICJIOBbIMH MoaejiflMH. Bo-nepBbix, c yace paccmotpehhbim MOTMBOM nojieta (npe/iejibho "MeTano3TM3HpoBaHHbiM" B TBopnecTBe MaH/ieJibLUTaMa): cmapomodnbiù nimom deentrihadifamozo eeka - Camnoc JJIOMOH <...>, - ebiopoiueuhbiü uzpoù emuxuù us KopsuHbi 603dyuiHozo uicipa, eucen na eepeexe [II, 468]. Bo-BTopbix, cne,nyiomee ^aree onhcahhe {JJcLtbiue laoôpctmcehbi óbuiu zoiuiandi^bi HCI xodynnx, OKypae.iuHbiM.ucipiueM npoôezcifouiue ceow McmeHbKyw empany [II, 468]) OTJOBeTca B BopoHevKCKOM CTHXOTBopeHHH 1937 ro^a "Ha üocke MajiMHOBOH, nepbohhoh..." (CM.: Ylony-zopod, no.iy-óepez KOHHbiù <...>. He uitfu e HeM JUMHUX Mcicen pan, KoHbKOÔejKHOzo zoiuiandckozo ykjiohci, <...> Cpexcb pucynok MOù, e dopozy KpenKyw ejifoô/iehhbiù, KCIK cyxyio, HO Mcueyto nany KJiena JJbiM ynocum, HCI xodyjixx yôezan [III, ]), MTO MO>KeT HHTepnpeTHpoBaTbCH Kax ÄonojiHHTejibHoe KocBeHHoe yka3ahme Ha X7

22 cojiepxatejibhyio 3HaHHMoerb onncahhfl "HKOHOCTaca" MepBHca (KCTa, BbijtejieHHoro B camoctohtejibhyio no/irjiabky nepboh rnabbi). OaHOBpeMeHHO c 3THM, 06pa3 KJieHOBOH Jianbl OTCblUaeT K BOCbMOMy H3 "BoCbMHCTHlIIHH" (CM.: H K.nena 3y6naman nana Kynaemcn e xpyzjibix yznax [III, 78]), r,a,e TaiOKe npucyrctbyet o6pa3 xpana (M MOMCHO U3 6a6oueK xpana PucynoK cnazamb na cmenax [III, 78]), B CBOK) o i iepe.nb, nobtopaiommhca B TpeTbeM H3 "CTMXOB O pycckoh no33nn" B coejihhehmm c o6pa30m xpana KOHH (Xpan KOHX U upan Konodbi - Kmo KOZO? [III, 68]), HTO B03BpamaeT K craxam Hanajia m^mxaibw ro^ob, a HMCHHO - K CTHXOTBOpeHHK) "Haiue^LUHH nozckoby", rae MeTaTeKCTyajibHaa ochoba 3Toro cmbicjioboro KOMnjieKca npoctynaet BnojiHe OTHCTJIHBO; CM.: 3eyK eiye 3seHum, xomn npuuuna 3eyKci ucves/ia. Koub nejkum e nbuiu u xpanum e Mbine [II, 44]. B pe3yjibtate Hejib3a He 3aMeTHTb, HTO qepe3 Ha6op onocpeayiomhx 3BeHbeB Bce TpH coctabjiinomnx "HKOHOCTaca" MepBHca KoppennpyiOT c TCMOH xyuowectbehhoro TBopnecTBa. npnnem ccjiepa STHX KoppejiauHH MOKCT 6biTb ybejihheha 3a cnet B3aHMonpoeKUHH nyujkhhckoh TeMbi H MOTHBa nojieta, HTO, C O^HOH CTopoHbi, paciijhpaet CMbicjio- Bbie rpahhubi nocjiejmero H, c apyrofi CTopoHbi, OTHacra nporh03hpyet cobepuiawwyioca B xy,no>kectbehhom MHpe MaHAejibUJTaMa B aajibhefiujem KOMOHHanmo MOTHBa nojieta c TCMOH CMepra. Bo3Bpamaacb K BRjuonaiomeMycH B ^ahhbih coaep>katejibhbih paa CTHXOTBOpeHHio "JlaMapK" cjie^yet OTMeTMTb B03MO>KHOCTb nphbjiehehhh B paccmatphbae- MblH KOHTÜKCT THaBbl 'TlyTeUjeCTBHH B ApMeHHK)" "BOKpyr HaTypaJIHCTOB". BOnepBbix. MeTacJjopHiecKH CBJObiBaiomyio JlaMapna e ßaHTe (CM.: B oöpamnom, HucxodmifeM deu^ceuuu c JIcvuapKOM no necmnui^e Mcuebix cyiqecme earn ee.iunue JJanma [III. 201]) H npoctpahctbom pycckoh JiHTepaTypbi, npcuctabjiehhoh HMCHCM KpbiJioBa (CM.: Yotce pacnonookwiucb demu uzpamb e neconex y nodnodkbn 36O.IIOI(UOHHOü meopuu dedyiuku Kpbinoea, mo ôuiub JloMapica-JlacpoHmeHa [III, 203]). H. Bo-BTopbix. KOCBeHHO nepekjihkaiomyioca c "ErHnercKOH MapKOH". O#HO H3 abtoonncahhh KOTopofi (Ha noóezyuixax y Moezo co3hanua dea-mpu cnoeeuxa: "u eom", "yoke", "edpyz" [II, ]) KaaceTca flonycthmbim, c ynetom xpohojiorniec- KOH jihctahuhh. conoctabhtb c xapaktepncthkoh JlaMapKa: C HUMUM WJinny. riponyckaw ynumenx eneped. JJa He ymojimem wnouieckuü zpom ezo KpacHopeuun! - "Eiue" u "vm-e" - dee ceemxufueca mohku.ïamapkoeckoù Mbicnu [III. 203]. üomhmo 3Toro. 3aMe4aHHe. 3aBepiuawmee co,aep>kaweech B rjiabe "BoKpyr HaTypaJIHCTOB" H3o6pa>KeHne 6a6oHKH (M edpyz H noùman ce6n na öukom OKenauuu e3znmiymb na npupody HapucoeanHbiMu ZJIO30MU smozo nydoeuufa [II, 202]), HCABHO COOTHOCHTCH C 3aMeTKofi 1923 ro.ua "Bbinaj": OdnaMcdbi ydanocb apomozpacpupoeamb z.na3 pbiöbi. CHUMOK 3aneuamjien Mce.ie3Hodopow:Hbiü Mocm u Hexomopbie dema.nu neiaaxca, HO

23 onmmeckuù 3CIKOH pbiôbezo 3pemiH nokci3cui ece 3mo e Heeepoamno uckamceunom eude. Ecnu 6bi ydcuiocb ccpotnozpckpupoeamb nosmuneckuù zjica cikademuxa OBCHHUKO- KynuKoecKOzo unu cpednezo pycckozo uhmeiuiuzehtna, KCIK OHU eudfim, HanpuMep, ceoezo TlyiuKUHa, nojiymuiacb 6bi Kapmuna He Menée HeoxcudaHHCix [II, 409], - HTO O^HOBpeMeHHO CBH3bIBaeT jahhblh KOHTeKCT H C nyuikhhckoh TeMOH, H, c ynetom o6pa3a >Kejie3HO,aopc»KHoro MOCTa, c (J)HrypoM XjieÔHHKOBa, TeM cambim BCTpan- Baa ero B ôonee uinpokhh pnji COOTBCTCTBHH. JlioôonbiTHO H TO oôctoatejibctbo, HTO nphcytctbyiomee B "BoKpyr HaTypajiHCTOB" MeTacJ)opHHecKoe H3o6pa>KeHHe ectectbehhohayhhoro BKJia^a JlHHHea He MWKeT He accounnpobatbca c ochobonojiaraiomhm juw akmehcraneckoh TeopHH o6pa30m AaaMa; CM.: BocxumumejibHci KojiyMÔoea npicocmb JJuHHeeea o6e3bhhhuka. - 3mo Adcm pci3daem noxecuibhbie zpcimombi MJieKonumammuM [III, 204] 21. TaKHM o6pa30m, ocyuiectbjiaembifi MaHaenbiijTaMOM B nepboh nojiobhhe ÄBa^uaTblX ro^ob "cyjl Haa n033hch" KOCHT OTHeTJIHBblH "akmemcthheckhm" xapaktep, OäHHM H3 OöIHCHCHHH KOToporo MoryT»BJiflTbcn KyjibTypHO-HCTopHne- CKHe peajihh. Bo-nepBbix, oôpaïuaiomah Ha ce6a BHHMaHHe 6e3ycjiOBHaa ahthchmbojihctckaa HanpaBJieHHOCTb pnjxa CTaTefi 3Toro nepnoaa ("O npnpore cjioba", "Eypa H HaTHCK", "JÏHTepaTypHaa MocKBa. Po>KaeHHe cj)a6yjibi", CM. TaK»œ peueh3hk) Ha "3anHCKM 4yaaKa" Bejioro) Morna 6biTb Bbi3BaHa He CTOJibKO ychne- HHeM n03hhhh CHMBOJIH3Ma B IlOCJiepeBOJIIOHHOHHOH n033hh 23, CKOJIbKO HyBCTBOM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a akmehcthmeckyk) CHCTeMy UeHHOCTeß, B03MO)KHO, akthbh3hpobabluhmch nocjie cjîakthheckoro pacna.ua HanpaBJieHHH H, ocoôehho, CMepTM TyMHJieBa. Bo-BTopbix, 6e3ycjiOBHafl nonbitka "nphmhpehha" no3thneckoh npakthkh C #ehctbhtejibhoctbk> HOCHT OTKpOBeHHO "KyJIbTypOJIOrM4eCKHH" xapaktep H cbjobibaetca, KaK Ka>KeTCfl, co CTpeMJieHHeM BHCCTM neptbi V3HaBaeMoro KyjibTypHoro npeue^ehta He CTOJibKO B HCTopMHecKyio peajibhoctb. CKOJibKO B xyaovkectbehhyio npakthky - co6ctbehhyio H cobpemehhhkob; ophehrapom >Ke 3jiecb BbiCTynaeT ncoraheckaa Tpajmuna.neBATHaauaToro Bena, He TOJibKO npeaonpeäejiaiomaa Ha6op nocjieaobatenbhbix "B3aHMonpoeKHHfi". HO M no3boji5i- Kimaa XOTA 6bi nph6jih3htejibho HaMeTHTb HaHÔOJiee o6inne 3aKOHOMepHOCTM B pa3bhthn no33hh B HOBbix HCTopHHecKHX ycnobhax. ITMCHHO no3tomy c Hanana jxba^uatbix roziob B craxax H npo3e MaHjejibUJTaMa 3HaHHTejibHO ychjihbaetca MeTaTeKCTyanbHbiH, MeTano3THHecKHiî acnekt. CTaHOBHuuHMCH casa JIM He BenymuM H jum 3Toro, H juin nocjicryiomhx nepwo^ob MaaaejibLUTaMOBCKoro TBop4ecTBa H, B03M0>KH0, BbicTynaiomHH B KanecTBe CBoeo6pa3Hbix (jiopm o/mobpemehhoro "npejictatejibctba" nepezi KyjibTypHoH Tpa^HUHeß H "acchmmjiaunh" B Hefi. 89

24 nphmehahhh 1.JlHTepaTypa no ^ahhomy Bonpocy npakraneckh Heo6i>flTHa; CM., Hanpn- Mep: [repujteöh 1990], [>KMBOB 1992], [Mefijiax 1990], [Mecc-Eefiep 1991], [PoHeH 1994], [Ceraji 1979: 1981; 1987], [Toaaec 1988: 1991; 1994], [3TKHH.H 1990]. [Broyde 1975], [Nilsson 1979; 1981; 1991], [Ronen 1979], [Zeeman 1988]; MH. pp. Caiuofi TOHHOH, no>kajiyiî, H3 npeajiaraembix HHTepnpeTauHH MaH,aejibnjTaMOBCKoro OTHOuieHHH K cobpemehhom emy counajibho-hctophheckoh CHTyauHH npeflcrabjifletca T04Ka 3peHna E.A.Toaaeca: "Jlioöaa, Bca i ieckah nojiwraka, ebponenckaa "nojimthmeckaa CTHXHH" Booôme, KaK n HannoHajibHaa CTHXHA, o6ecuehhjia n CKOMnpoMeTHpoBajia ce6a MHpoBOH BOHHOH. BoHHa n rnabhbim o6pa30m pebojiio- HHfl OCBO6OZIHJIM MeCTO.HJlfl BHenOJIHTHHeCKOM "cymectbchhoh KyJIbTypHO-3KOHO- MHHecKOH )KM3HH Hapo^oß". KaKOBbi 6bi HM 6biJiM MacuiTaôbi counajibhoro KaTaKJiH3Ma, HCTHHHaa TejieoJiorHH pebojnouhh 3aKjnoMaeTca HMCHHO B ycnpahe- HHH HpeBaTOH nojoôhblmh KaTaCTpO(j)aMH "nojimthheckoh CTHXHH" H yctpoehhn "MHpoBoro xo3hhctba Ha npmhunne BceMnpHOH MOManiHOCTM Ha notpeöy MejiOBeKy". OxniaKO "MOHyvieHTajibHOCTb (fiopm HaABHraiomeHca counajibhom apxhtektypbi" (HCTopHHecKaa npothbonojio>khoctb "rocyaapctbehho-npaboboh njiockocth jebflthaauatoro Bena") rpo3ht pa3flabhtb nejiobeka, ecjin "noanhhho rymahncthheckoe onpab^ahne He iwater" B ee ochobahne. A 3TO 3aBHCHT OT Toro. KaKaa pojib yrotobaha B rpa^ymem oöinectbe KyjibTvpe. I~Iojio>KeHHe KyjibTvpbi rjiyöoko ÄBOHCTBeHHo: OHa,aojivKHa ocbathtb "counajibhyio apxhtektypy". 6yayMH npojyktom "ctaporo ivinpa". Orciojia, no MaH^eJibUJTaMy, aphanninm napaaokc cobpemehhocth: YMnpaiomHH "ctapbih MHp", ÖJiaroaapH KyjibType ">KHB öojiee HeM Kor.ua JTHöO" H ônarojapa en cobepiiiaetca He CMepTb, HO MeTaMop(j)03a OöHOBjieHHa" [Toaaec 1994: ], 2.BnojiHe BepoaTHo, HTO npn3hak "KpenocTn" no OTHOLUCHHIO K axmatob- CKOH no33hh B jecatbie roabi BXOJHJI B HHCJIO o6uienpm3hahhbix - CM. peueh3nro BacBTHnnnyca Ha "Benep": "B Hapa^Hbix H npohmneckhx paccka3ax, TOHKO CTHnn30BaHHbix H 4yTb JKeMaHHbix CTHxax rojioc A.AxMaTOBoH KpenHeT" [FHnnnyc 1912: 80], - H peueh3hio AaaMOBHMa Ha no3my "Y camoro Mopa": "CaMbiH CTHX AxMaroBOH, pahee CTpa^aBiuMH HecKOJibKO oömahhhbon nebynectbio, oxpen n npnogpeji rn6kyio cnjiy" [AaaMOBHM 1915: 191]. - HecoMHeHHaa MHpoB033peH4ec- Kaa H "TepMHHOJIOrHHeCKaa" 6jIH30CTb 3THX OTpblBKOB MO)KeT, Ka>KeTCa, CJiy>KMTb jonojihhtejibhbim nojrreep^ehhem npeanojio/kehha K).Ji.OpeH,a,HHa o TOM, HTO peueh3na Ha "AubMaHax MV3" 6biJia HanHcaHa MaHjenbiHTaMOM noone pebojino- UHH; CM.: [Open^HH 1990: 29]. COôCTBCHHO robopa, co CTaTben "O npwpoae cjioba" nepekjihkaetca H HeKOTopaa "ahthchmbojihctckaa" HanpaBJieHHOCTb 3aMeTKn, 90

25 npoctynaromaa B oqehke CTHXOB EpiocoBa H MßaHOBa. HaKOHeu,, cp. ytbep>k/iehhe 06 OTcyTCTBHH "nporpecca" B HCKyccTBe, BCTpenaiomeeca B peqeh3mh (JJa u KCIKOü eooöufe MOMcem ôbirm npozpecc e no33uu e cmbicjie yjiymuenux. <...> Oznudbieancb Hci3ad, Moreno npedcmaeumb nytm nos3uu KCIK nenonpaeumyio, Heeo3HazpaduMy/o ympamy [II, 206]) H nobtopjnomeeca B CTaTbe: Teopun npozpecca e iiumepamype - ccimbiù zpyôbiù, combiii omepamumenbhuü eud uikojibhozo neeezkecmea. <...> HUKCIKOZO ".nymue", HUKCIKOZO npozpecca e numepamype 6bimb ne MOMcem - npocmo nomomy, nmo uem HUKüKOü numepamyphou MciiuuHbi u Hem cmapma, Kyda H)'MCHO ckopee dpyzux dockükamb [I, 219]. B TO >Ke BpeMfl, npeanaraeivioe HCCJieaoBaTeneM o6ochobahne nepeaarapobkm peueh3hh (CM.: "Cy/w no ynomhhahhio o "poccnhc- KHx öypax". CTaTbH HanHcaHa MaH,nejibLiiTaMOM nocjie pebojuohhh" [OpefijiMH 1990: 29]) MOMT HHTepnpeTwpoBaTbca M KaK HaiweK Ha HeyaanHoe yiacthe POCCHH B flepbom MMpoBOH BOHHC B J11060M cjiyhae BecbMa cymectbehho, HTO B CTaTbax Hanajia aba^uatbix rojob MannejibuuTaM nohth TOHHocTbio nobtopaet COöCTBCH- Hbie MbicjiH, BbiCKa3aHHbie HecKoicbKHMH rojiamh pahee, H HTO ocoôehho Ba>KHO, B nepho^t eine He ymehbihhbluehca pojih akmew3ma B JiMTepaTypHofi )KM3HH IieTporpaja. 3.3ziecb CHOBa nohbjiaetca B03MO>KHOCTb o6patmtbca K MaHaeJibLUTaMOBCKO- My noh^tmk) cobecth H yxa3atb eme O,HHH COöCTBCHHO akmehcthieckhh H 6norpacj)H4ecKHH cjiynaß ero ynotpeöjiehhfl B CB>I3H C JiM4HOCTbio TyMMJieBa - CM. 3atj)iiKcnpoBaHHoe B aekaöpe 1925 ro,aa n.jiykhhukhm CBMaeTenbCTBO LUMJICHKO: "MaH- ^ejibuitam oiehb xopouuo robophji B 3noxy nepboro "Ijexa ]1O3TOB": 'TyMHJieB - 3TO Hauia cobectb" [JlyKHHUKaa 1990: 125]. 4.Cp.: [UIMHUMH 1989: 96-98]. KaK HHTepecHyio napaiuiejib npeztctabjiehmam o "ropoackofi" npnpoae pebojuohhh CM. nhcbmo Po3aHOBa TopbKOMy KOHua 1905 roaa, ony6jihkobahhoe B 1923 roziy: "PeBOJUOHHH, KpoMe, MOVKCT 6biTb, 1-H (])pahuy3ckoh, cobepuianhcb B ropoae H ropoaom, CTOJTHUCK), "rpynnamh" >KHTejieH, HO He CTpaHOK) B ee coctabe" [Po3aHOB 1989: 513]. 5.3aCJiy>KHBaiOmHM BHHMaHHfl B 3TOH CBA3H npeßctabjifletcfl OTBeT TyMHJie- Ba Ha ahkety 06 OTHOIHCHHH K HeKpacoBCKOH no33hh: Hexpacoe npoôydun eo.une Mbicjib o 603M0DKH0cmu cikmuenozo omhoiuehuh JiUHHOcmu K oóucecmey. flpooydwi uhinepec K peeojuoyuu [TyMHJieB 1991: T ]; cp. CBH^eTejibCTBO B.TpeTbHKOBa o JiHTepaTypHbix öece/xax e TyMMJieBbiM ocehbio 1920 ro/xa: "Ha no3tm i ieckhx iinckyccnax oôtahmbaetca akmew3m - jxe-rame H.TyMHJieBa, H najxo CKa3aTb. MTO TeopHH 3Ta.HOCTHIUia 3aBHÜHOM npoctotbl H CTpOHHOCTH. <...> ÜO-HOBOMy ouehhbaetca CTapHK HeKpacoB, Majio 3aMeneHHbiH KaK MacTep CTHxa H COHHWH H306pa3HTeJIb. BblTb M05KCT, OH 0 HH H3 pojiohahajibhhkob akmeh3ma" [THMCHHHK 1991: 336]. 3aecb >Ke CM. nocrohhho BCTpenaKuueeoi B MaH^ejibiuTaMOBCKOH npo3e 91

26 oco3hahhe.nebfltha/matoro Bena pycckoh HCTOpHH H KyjibTypbi HMCHHO Kan "HeKpacoBCKoro". - FIo Been BHUHMOCTH, MaHaeJibWTaMOBCKoe "B03BpameHHe" K HexpacoBCKOMy TBopnecTBy cobnajio c npomeccom ero "ycboehma" KyjibTypofi Hanajia Bexa - CM. TbiHflHOBCKoe 3avieHaHHe, BbiCKa3aHHoe B CTaTbe 1921 rom "CTHXOBbie $opmbi HeKpacoBa": "Cnopbi BOKpyr HeKpacoBa ymojikim; OH nph3hah, no-bhähmomy, okohhatenbho" [TbiHHHOB 1977: 18]; KOHKpeTHbifi HCTopHKO-JiHTepaTypHbiM KOMMeHTapHH K "ajrantauhh" HeKpacoBa KyjibTypofi aecfltbix rojiob CM. B: [ToAnec, HyjiaKOB, HyiiaKOBa 1977: 405]. 6.0 MOTHBe rono^a, TpaHcnoHHpyeMOM B MaH,uejibuiTaMOBCKOM TBopnecTBe B KyjibTypHO-HCTopHHecKyio ccfepy, CM.: [Tozwec 1988: 184 en.]. - YnoMHHaHHe B aahhom KOHTeKCTe HMeHH Hncyca HaBHHa no3boiwet npobecra euje ojihy napajuiejib c TBopnecTBOM TyMHJieBa - Kan BepoHrayio ajuno3mk) Ha BeTX03aBeT- HbiH 3UU30JI octahobkh cojnma MOJiMTBOH Hncyca HaBHHa CM. rymhjiebckoe "CJIOBO" (KCTaTH, onyôjihkobahhoe B ajibmahaxe "ApaKOH" BMecTe co ctatbefi "CJIOBO H KyjibTypa"): Connue ocinanaenueami CJIOBOM, CnoeoM pa.3pywa.1u zopoda [TyMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 291]; cp. [Ronen 1979: 148]; TaM >Ke npobo/mtca napaxuiejib c AepxaBHHCKHM: Odna Mue pucpmci - dpeenuü Haeun. 3,necb «e cp. nohbjiehne o6pa3a cojihua BO BTopoH maße "Pa3roBopa o flahte", r/ie OH /IOJDKCH cjiy>khtb nphmepom Toro, MTO cnoeo Hernemen nyukom, u CMMCJI mopuurn U3 nezo e pa3hbie cmopohu [III, 226], HTo o< )opmjmetcfl cymectbehhbim juin.nahhofi cmbianobofi nepcnekthbbi MOTHBOM noe3,hkh: fjpou3hocn "connue", Mbi coeepuiaem KüK 6M ozpomnoe nymeiuecmeue, K KomopoMy HacmojibKo npuebixnu, mno edem eo ene. Tlo33un mem u ommmaem- CR om aemomamimeckou pemi, mno 6ydum HCIC U ecmpaxueaem na cepedime c.noea. Tozda OHO OKa3bieaemcft zopa3do dnuhhee, nem MM dymojiu, u MM npunomunaem, mno zo6opumb - 3Hanum ecezda naxodumbcr e dopoze [III, 226]. 7.0 pojih TBopMecTBa Ti0T i ieba B ÖHorpacJiHH He.no6poBO CM.: [KpaBuoBa, OöaTHHH 1992: 86-89]. Jirooonbiraa OHorpacfwiecKaa "coothecehhoctb" c[)hrypbi He^o6poBO c rpa>kaahckoh npoöjiemathkofi - no CBHaeTejibCTBy cobpemehhhka, BO BpeMH 4TCHH5I MaHjiejibLUTaMOM.noKJia/ia "O rpaxaahckoh no33hn" Ha Beiepe B "OömecTBe nostob" B KOHue MapTa 1914 roaa (CM.: [Meu 1990: 367]) "HejioöpoBo OMeHb HHTepecHO BbicTvnaji no noboüy.aokjiajia <...>. C nomouibio ÖJiecTamnx napa^okcob H C öojibinofi spy/tnunefi He;io6poBO,uoKa3biBaJi, HTO rpa>kjahcka>i no33h>i JiHiHb Tor.ua xopoma, ecjin OHa - KOHcepBaTHBHoro HanpaBJieHHfl" [THMeHHHK 1992: 83]. 8Bpa^ JIM B03MOVKHO paccmotpehhe MOTHBa KOCHOH3bIHHfl 6e3 VHÜTa 3HaMe- HHTOH (])OpMyJIHpOBKH FyMHJieBa H3 ero "BoCbMHCTHUJbfl": BblCOKOe K0CH0R3M1be Teöe dapyemen, nodin [FyMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 196], 92

27 9.0 HeKOTopbix acnektax MaHaejibuiTaMOBCKofi chhtakthkm, pacnpocipapa- HHiomMxcH Ha Becb ero xyacmectbehhbih onbit, CM., HanpHMep: [JleBHH 1972]; [UnBbHH 1991]. - CM. B "3aMen<ax o IUeHbe": Werne npuuadneokan K nokonenwo cppcmuy3ckux nosmoe, dim Komopux cuumcikcuc öbui 30.nomoù KnemKOÜ <...>. 3ma somman KJiemKa öbuia okohuamenbho nocmpoena PCICUHOM U oöopydoeana KCIK eenukojienhbiü deopeu. CunmciKcmecxax ceoöoda nosmoe cpedneeekoebx - BUJUIOHCI, Paö.is, 6ecb cmapo(ppahify3ckuù cumnakcuc - ocmcmucb no3cidu [II, 278]; cp. B "Pa3roBope o /JaHTe": Haute ynenue o cunmakcuce nejinemch MoufneüuiuM nepej/cum- KOM cxosiacmuku, <...> e uckyccmeoeedenbu smci cxonacrmikci cuumcikcuca ne npeodojieeaemcm u Hanocum ezkenacho KOJioccasibHbiu eped [III, ]. 10.K pacujmpehhk) "okojionyuikmhckhx" accouhauhh, OKpywaiomHX o6pa3 FlacTepHaKa, cp. onpejjejiehme ero no33nn B "3aMexKax o no33hn": Cmuxu YlacmepHciKa - <...> KyMbic noc.ie cimepukcihckozo MOJIOKü [II, 556], - H oôpamehhe K ^ep>kabhhy B "CTHxax o pycckofi no33hh ": H mamapckozo KyMbica Teoü nonamok ne npokuc [III, 66]. - K TeMe "MaHaejibuiTaM M Ea-nouiKOB" CM.: [Betuwe 1974]. - Eme ojmw, HPOHHHCCKHH cjiyiah HeaBHoro "camootokjxectbjiehwa" (noctpoehhoro no nphhumny "3aMajiMHBaHHfl" oôtekta cpabhehwa) c riyiukmhbim BCTpenaeTCji B "MeTBepTofi npo3e" B CB>I3M C aejiom Top H c{) ejib.ua (ynomhhaembim jajiee), - CM.: K nucny yöuüu pycckux nosmoe wiu Kcmdudamoe e smu yöuüifbi npuöaewiocb myckjioe UMH ropncpenbda. 3mom napa/iumuneckuü JJcmmec [III, 173], 11.3,necb )Ke cjieayet yhhtbibatb, HTO UICBHOT B CBOeM HCXO^HOM 3HaHeHMM - nopojia ahrjihhckhx TOHKopyHHbix OBeu. - 3TOT >Ke o6pa3 nohbjwetca u B CB33H CO CMepTbK) Bejioro B BapnaHTax craxotbopehhfl 'Tojiyöbie rna3a H ropaiaa JioÖHaa KOCTb...": Eydym znadumb u znadumb cyxoü meeuom oöuinaza [III, 326]. 12.B 3TOH CBH3H CM. B CTaTbe 1922 ro^a "KoHeu pomaha": HCHO, nmo, Kozda Mbi ecmynwiu e nonocy Mozyuux couuajibhbix deumcenuü, Maccoeux opzcmmoecihhbix deucmeuü. <...> cikifuu jiuuuocmu nadcnom e CO3HCIHUU coepemennukoe, u emecme c HUMii nadcnom enusmue u citia pomcina, d.w Komopozo oöufenpu3hcihhctfi po.ib nuhhocmu e ucmopuu nennemcx KCIK öbi McmoMempoM, noka3bieak>u{um daenenue couuanbhoù cimmoc(pepbi. Mepa po.uana - nenoeeneckax öuozpacpun wiu cucmemci öuozpacpuu. <...> JJajibHeùutax cydböa pomûho öydem ne uem UHMM. KCIK ucmopueù pacnbuienith öuozpacpuu KCIK (popmbi.iuhhozo cyufecmeoecihux, daztce öoiibiue nem pacnbuiehuh - KcimacmpocpimecKOÙ zuöenbk) öuozpacpuu. <...> HenoeeK 6e3 öuozpacpuu He Moztcem öbimb memamuneckum cmepmchem pomana, u poman, e dpyzoü cmoponbi, HëMbicjuiM öe3 uhinepeca K omdenbhoii nenoeeneckoù cydböe, cpaöyne u ecemy, nmo eü conymcmeyem [II ]; BBHJjy npncytctbhfl B paccmatphbaemom KOHTCKCTC oöpasa ricnxen cp.: unmepee K ncuxonozuneckou MomueupoeKe <...> yjke e Kopne 93

28 neped pecuibhbimu CWIOMU, HbH pacnpaea c ncuxonozuueckoit MomueupoeKoü HCIC om dümckumu CVMOUKCIMU, KCIK OMCepe.lbeM U3 px6mik06 [II, 465], - Ha MeTan03TM l ieckh nodopeoh u duckpedumupoecih HcicmynuewuM öeccwiuem ncuxonozuueckux Momueoe nacy cmcihoeumch öojiee McecmoKoù [II, 275]. TaKHM o6pa30m, MeracjjopHHecKoe pa3jiynehhe riaphoka c ero aywoh CTaHOBHTca (J)opMOH "abtonpoekumh" öojiee o6mnx TeHÄeHUHH, xapakteph3yiomhx cobpemehhyio MaHflejibinTaMy npo3y. - Kan cnocoö yxojia OT ahohhmhoctm CM. B CTHXOTBopeHHH 1923 ro,aa "KaK T&iibue MajieHbKoe KpbiJibiLUKOM... ": He 3a6bieaü Menn, KCI3HU Menu, Ho daü MHe UMH, daü MHe UMHI [II, 50], 13.Bpa,n JIH MO^KCT noka3atbca CJIHUIKOM npamojihhehhbim yctahobjiehhe Mepe3 o6pa3 3Bepa "chiuiorhheckoro" TO^aecTBa MMpa KyjibTypbi (jihtepatypbi, B nacthocth) H HMnepaTopcKofi POCCHH, no^kpeniwemoro cneuw^mkoh MaH^ejibujTaMOBCKoro BocnpwflTHfl KyjibTypHO-HCTopHHecKoro oöjihka POCCHH aebflthaauatoro BeKa. 14.TaK, B nacthocth, c jiahhbim (J)parivieHTOM MO^KCT 6biTb conocrabjieho CTHXOTBopeHHe namhth O.BaKcejib "Bo3MO>KHa JIH xemiihhe MepTBOH XBajia...", coflepxaiuee OTHacra 6nM3KyK> o6pa3hoctb: Ee nymcenmoan e/iacmb npueena K HcicwibcmeeHHoii McapKoü Mozwie. H meepdbie nacmohku Kpyzjibix öpoeeü H3 zpoôa KO MHe npujiemenu CKü3amb, nmo OHU omjiezicajiucb e ceoeü Xonodnoü cmokzo/ibmckoü nocmejiu [III, 97]; 3^ecb xe JIOJDKCH 6biTb ynomhhyt o6pa3 powka, nphcytctbyio- 1UMH H B "KpOBaBOH MHCTepHH 9-rO HHBapfl", H B JiaHHOM CTHXOTBOpeHHH H ahajih3hpyembih jiajiee. 15.3^ecb >Ke cp. MaH^ejibiuTaMOBCKyro xapaktepwcthky cjioba, npncyrct- Byromyro B "Pa3roBope o J\?LHTQ" H 3KcnjiHUHpyiomyK> MeTa(J)opy cnoba Kan nvteujectbhh: npoiohocn "cojinife", MM coeepiuaem KCIK 6M ozpomhoe nymeiuecmeue, K KomopoMY HcicmoiibKo npuebiknu, nmo edem eo ene [III, 226], - H co^ep>kameeca BO BTopoM naparpacjje "Hauiefi ochobbi" paccyayiehhe XjieÖHHKOBa o CBJOH 03HaHae- Moro H o3ha i iak)luero B cnobe: eo epemh ycmnoü u nucbmehhoü peuu ManeubKoe c.ioeo co.ihue e \C.IO6HOM Mupe jmdckozopci3zoeopa 3aMemim npekpacnyw, eenuuecmeehhyw 3ee3dy. <...> HO dino paeenemeo ycnobho: ecmi nacmomqee ucne3hem, a ocmauemch monbko cjioeo connive, mo eedb OHO ne cmoxcem cimmb na nede u cozpeeamb 3eMiw [XJICöHHKOB 1987: 627]. B TO >tce BpeMH, paccyxaehhfl o COOTHOiiieHHH oîhanaemoro H 03HaHaioiuero co,aep>katcfl B MaHjejibiuTaMOBCKofi CTaTbe "O npnpoae cnoba"; cp.: [I. 228]. 16.KCTaTH, HMeHHO 3TOT o6pa3 MOaCCT, OMeBHÜHO, CJiy>KHTb nohchehhem K HaMajibHbiM crpokam "ErHneTCKOH MapKH": Honbw CHUJICH xumaeif, oôeeiuaumiù CTaTVC KOTOpblX OJIHOBpeMCHHO KOCBeHHO VKa3bIBaeT, BO-nepBbix, nobtopehne 94

29 o6pa3a o>kepejibfl B cootbetctbyiomem CMbicnoBOM okpyxehhh B "3aMeTKax o LLleHbe": 3axoHbi no33uu cnnm e zopmamt, u een pomahtnuneckan nossux, KCIK OMcepejibe U3 Mepmeux conoebee, ne nepedacm, ne ebidacm ceoux maüh, ne 3Hciem 3aeeufüHUM [II, 278], - H, BO-BTOpbix, ncnojib30bahhe "KHTaHCKoiï" o6pa3hocra B OTKpoBeHHO HeraTHBHOM 3HaneHHH, CBH3biBaeMOM c HHTepaTypHOH "noaehium- HOH", B "HeTBepTOM npo3e": B JJoMe repuena <...> (piwonoz c zonoeehkoü Kiimaüua - smcikuù xodx - xao-xao, UICIHZO-WCIHZO - Kozda pyôxm zonoeu, <...> nexuu Murmm Enazoü <...>. - A fi zoeopm - K Kumaüucw Bnazozo - e Ulauxaü ezo, K Kumae3ciM! <...> HeM öbuia MamywKci (piuiojiozua u uem cmajial [III, 173]; cp. TaM >Ke HenocpeacTBeHHO o JiHTepaTopax: Mu empenneu dpyz y dpyza nanupocu u npaeum ceoho Kumaùujuny <...>. )KueomHbiü empax cmynum na MawitHKCix, McueomHbiù empax eedem KumaücKym npaexy HCI nucmax KJio3emHoü öymcizu [III, 169]. - OüHOBpeMeHHO C 3TMM, B akmehcthheckom KOHTeKCTe MOryT 6bITb BblHBJieHbl H nono>kmtejibhbie KOHHOTaUHM "KMTaMCKOH" CHMBOJIMKH, B HaCTHOCTH, COJXep'/Kaujeöcfl B CTMxoTBopeHHM TyMMJieBa "IlyTeiiiecTBHe B KnTaH" 1909 ro/ja; nphcytctbyiomaa B HCM Teiwa nocemehh» KMTaa nobtopaetca M B nocbauuehhom AxMaTOBOH "Bo3BpameHHH" 1912 ro.ua. Kan B03MO>KHoe MMruiHijHTHoe pa3bhthe TeMbi MoaceT paccmatpmbatbca, BepoaTHO, craxotbopehne 3HMbi roüob "KiiTaficKaa.neBvuiKa": M, ne eepn e npumcihku, R nuiuy Ha luejiky Ee3Mxm.eMCHbie mcihku lipo juoóoeb u mocky [rymhjieb 1991: T. 1, 199]; nph6jih3htejibho Tor.ua >Ke HUH HecKOJibKO no3ühee öbijio HanncaHO TyMHJieBbiM XXIV "IiHCbMO o pycckoh no33mn", coüep>kamee, B MacTHOCTH, OT3biB 06 axmatobckhx "HeTKax", OTHacra nepekjimkaiomnhcfl c npouhtnpobahhbim CTHXOTBopeHHeM: y AhHbi AxMcimoeou Hacmo eempenawmex cnoea: 6onb, mocxa, CMepim. 3mom cmo/ib ecmecmeehhbiü u nomomy npenpachbiü lohoiueckuü necciatii3m do eux nop ôbui docmoxhue.u "npoö nepa" u, KciMcemcn, e cmuxax AxMcimoeou enepeue nonymui ceoe Mecmo e nossuu. B Heù <...> MceniyuHbi 6JiK>6iieHHbie, nyxaebie, Mcjmaroiuue u eocmopokennbie zoeopxm, HciKOHeif, ceoiim nodnuhhbim u e mo Jtce epemx xydomcecmeehho-yöedumejibhbim x3bikom [rymhjieb 1991: T ]. ÜHTepecHOH npeactabjiaetca B03MO>KHOCTb BbiHBHTb B "KiiTaficKOM /jebyuike" rnnotethheckhm "abto6horpa(j)hmeckhh" nojjtekct CTpoKn: Moù wcenux ece ejijoöjiehheü <...>, OH nedaeho e Kcmmone Bce 3K3ciMeHbi cdaji [rymhjieb 1991: T ], - npn HX HBHOM npohhmeckom 3ByHaHHH BnojiHe conoctabmmbi c HHTeHCHBHbiMH 3aHaTOHMH TyMHueBa B netep6yprckom VHHBepCHTeTC npomcxojjmbluhmh KaK pa3 OCeHbK) 1913-BeCHOH 1914 TOJJOB. B STOM Ae paay MOXCT paccmatpubatbca H no3ma 1918 rojia "/^Ba CHa. KHTaHCKaa no3ma" C ee OTHeTJIHBbIMH ÖHOrpaCJJHHeCKHMH KOHHOTaUHHMH. K pa3bhthk) "KHTaHCKOfi TeMbi" CM. LuyTOHHbiH cohet MaHjiejibiiJTaMa 1913 ro/ia: M meoü KCipmoHHbiü 95

30 npckpujib, TyMwiee, KüK 6bipe3ciHHbiù dim xumaücxoü menu [I, 160]; 3/iecb )Ke cp. Ha3BaHne MeiwyapoB r.hßahoba - "KHTaflcKne TCHH". B COöCTBCHHO "akmemcth i iec- KOM" KOHTeKCTe paccmatphbaemoh TeMbi cymectbehhbim npe^ctabjifletca B03MO)KHaa CBA3b "nytemectbhfl B KiiTafi" c TBopnecTBOM OpaHcya Pa6jie H nyujkhha; CM.: [BacKep 1992]; 06 HHTepece TyMMJieBa K KHTaficKofl no33hh cp.: [THMCHHHK 1991: ]. - BBHAy ynomhhahhfl jiajiee HMCHH Bejioro cp. noflbjie- HHe "KHTawcKOH" o6pa3hocth B CBH3H c ero pomahom "KpemeHbiH KHTaeu", onyöjihkobahhbim B 1927 ro^y- 17.B AaHHbiH KOHieKCT Heo>KHflaHHO "BCTpaMBaeTcn" H cjwrypa TopH(j)ejib;ia - abtopa CTaTbH "Oe^op Cojioryô" B H3,naHHH "PyccKaa JiwTepaTypa XX BeKa" (T. II. H. I. MocKBa 1915), KOTopofi cam Conoryö 6biJi HCHOBOJICH; CM.: [flahbko 1992: 211], 18. KaK CBoeo6pa3Hoe "npoflojdkehme" 3Toro 3nn3oaa CM. BocnoMHHaHHfl AxMaTOBofi: Kozda e 191[5] zody Ban.Meemoe npuexan e Ylemepöypz, OH 6bi.n y Cojiozyôoe na Pa3be3Mceù. Heoôbmaùno napaànbiù eenep u eenukonerihbiù yzteun. B zocmuhoù nodouien KO MHe Mande/ibiumciM u CKa30Ji: - "Mue Kaztcemcn, nmo odun M3mp - 3penume eenunecmeehhoe, a dea - nemhozo cmeumoe [AxMaTOBa 1989: T. 3, 125], 19.Bo3MO>KHoe pa3bhthe B03HHKaiomero B 3TOH CBH3H CMbicjiOBoro pfl.ua CM. B: [JleKMaHOB 1997: 82-85]. 20.JlK)6onbiTeH TOT 4>aKT, HTO H STOT JiHTepaTypHbiH cjcah^aji He oôomejicfl 6e3 ynacthfl rophtjjejib^a, HanncaBiuero CTaTbio "TopxecTBO noôeahtejieh", Ha KOTopyio npflmo OTBCTHJI BpiocoB H Ha3BaHHe KOTopoH, BepoflTHO, oôbirpan B nephobhke OH.HOH H3 CTaTeH Bfli.MBaHOB; CM.: [OôaTHMH 1993: 474]. 21.MHTepeCHOH npeflctabjifletcfl B03MO)KHOCTb CBfl3aTb HeOJIHOKpaTHO B03HHKaK)mHM B "ErHneTCKOH MapKe" MOTHB AySJIH, COeAHHfleMblH C TeMOM l iecth, C peajibhblmh 6HOrpaCJ)HHeCKMMH CJ)aKTaMH, - B lacthoctm, C HeCOCTOflBUieHCH ay3jibk) MaHflejibiHTaMa H UlepiueHeBHwa (CM.: [Hepjiep 1990]), HTO, BO3MO)KHO, OTMaCTH OÔBflCHfleT H HHTHpyeMblH HM)Ke ahthhmaîkhhhctckhh Bbina^. B 'TlHCbMe 0 pycckoh n033hh". 22.BßHAy COe^HHeHHfl B AaHHOM CMbICJIOBOM pfljiy, B H3BeCTHOM CMbICJie "otkpbibaemom" 3aMeTKOH "ÜHTepaTypHafl MocKBa", JCTCKOH o6pa3hocth c "apmflhckoh" TeMOH H 300MOp(j)HOH MeTaCJ)OpHKOH, JIIOÔOnblTHOH npeactabjtfletcfl B03MO)KHOCTb OÔHapVAHTb ÖOJiee pahhhh CJiynaß HX KOMÔHHaUHH B TOH >Ke 3aMeTKe "JlHTepaTypHafl MocKBa", OTKpbiBaiomeHCfl cjieayioujhm H3o6pa>KeHHeM ropojickoro nefbaxa: sdecb nanupochue MciJibmiiuKit xodxm cmaxmu, KOK COôCIKU e KoHcmciHmuHonojie [II, 256], - BO3MO>KHO. HMeiomee onpcnejiehhyio 3aBHCHMOCTb OT TBopnecTBa CapbflHa. CM. B ero no3 HHX BocnoMHHaHHflx o KoHCTaHTMHonoJie: 96

31 "nepboe, ITO nphbjiekjio Moe BHHManHe, 3TO 6biJio HeHCiHCJiHMoe KOJIHTCCTBO ÖpOJWHHX C06aK. <...> JXJIR H3VHeHHH >KHBOTHbIX B KoHCTaHTHHOnOJie 6bui öojibluofi MaTepnaJi. Co6aKH >KMJIH 3aecb uenbimh ceiviehhbimh CTaaMH, Ka>Knafl CTaa B CBoeM onpeaenehhom pafiohe. He 6biJio yrna BO BCCM ropo,n,e, r^e 6bi He 6biJio coöak. <...> coöax HHKTO He Tporaji, OHM CMHTajincb nyn. JIH He CBflmeHHbi- MM )KHBOTHbiMH. MHoroHHCjieHHaa Tonna ^ehb H Ho i ib TeKJia no yjihuam. <...> jiabhpya H OöXOAA octpobkh co6a i ibhx CTaen" [CapbJiH 1990: 92-95], 3TH BnenaTJieHHfl xyaoxhhka HaimiH CBoe OTpa>KeHHe B KapTHHax 1910 r. "CoöaKH. KoHCTaHTMHOnOJIb". "KoHCTaHTHHOnOJIbCKHe COÖaKH" H "KOHCTaHTHHOnOJIb. Co6aKn". nphhem nepbbiexcbe BbicTaBJiflJiHCb B üetepöypre cootbetctbehho B H 1912 rr., a TpeTba 6bina penpoayunpobaha B xyphajie "AnoJiJiOH" (1913. Ne 9) npn ny6jimkaumh CTaTbH BojiouiHHa "M.C.CapbflH"; 3,necb >Ke MO>KHO Ha3BaTb pa6oty 1909 r. "JICTHHH aeub. Eerymaa coöaica", OTHacTH npe,hbocxhwaiomyk) 6yaymHe nojiotha H BbiCTaBJiHBiiiywca B IleTepôypre B 1910 r., penpoayunpobah- HVK) B "AnojuiOHe" (1911. Ne 1) H KO 1921 r. xpahhbuiyroca B co6pahhn C.K.MaKOBCKoro; CM.: [Kamensky 1987: , 332, 339]. B CBA3H C ynomhhahhem BOJIOUIHHCKOH CTaTbH CM. ero xapaktephcthky XHBOnHCH CapbflHa, AOBOJÏbHO 6JIM3KO nobtopaiomyk) H,neoJiorH4ecKHe nphhunnbi akmen3ma: "KoHKpeTHOCTb BH^eHHa, BeinHOCTb. BbiHBJifleTCH BnojiHe onpejejiehho TOJibKO co BpeMeHH ero nepboro nyteuiectbhfl B KoHCTaHTHHonojib <...>. MeHTa o6jiekjiacb njiotbio. Xyao>KHHK nono>khji pyky Ha peajibhocth BocTOKa. OH nojiroôhji Beuib KaK KOHKpeTHOCTb: OH nohaji ee neph(j)ephk). ee KOHTyp" [BOJIOUJHH 1988: 311]. - 3.necb >Ke HeoôxoaHMo OTMeTHTb H TOT (j)akt, i ito o6pa3 aetckhx CTaeK, BCTpenaiomHHCH B "JlHTepaTypHOH MocKBe", OTCbiJiaeT K CTHXOTBopeHHio 1923 ro/ia "FlapHx" (CM.: 3decb monnbi demckite - coôbimuù nonpoiuaùku, TlapuoKCKux eopoöbee ucnyzcihhbie cmaüku [II. 47]), BCJICUCTBHC nero nphbeaehhbifi cj)parmeht onocpeaobahho COCTHHfleTCfl C pebojnoumohhoh, B IHHpOKOM CMbICJie, o6pa3hoctbk). 23.Cjie.nyeT yhhtbibatb, HTO OJTHOH H3 (j)opm "pekpeauhh" CHMBOJiH3Ma flbjiiuich JUW MaHAeJIbUJTaMa HMa>KHHH3M - Cp. B "ÜHCbMe O pycckoh no33hn": HbiHe Mbi cmoum neped no3dmim wymhbim peifudueom CUM60JIU3MCI, nos3ueù MOCKOeCKUX IUKOJI, ZMlßHblM 00pC130M UMClOKUHUCm06 [II, 239], MHTepeCHO TO oöctofltejibctbo. MTO.naBaeMaa MaH^ejibLUTaMOM npohhmeckaa xapaktepucthka MMa'/KMHMCTOB: Jltoóoü uweùifcip cmapozo MOCKOBCKOZO öomci C JiucpmoM u tfenrnpcuib- HbiM omonjienuem Kyjibmypn.ee umctmcuhucma, xomopbiü HUKCIK ne MooKem npueukhymb K nwpmy u nponeimepy [II, 239], - no cyra. npe,nctabjmet CO6OH nepn(j)pa3 rymhjiebckom xapaktepncthkh MaHAeJibuiTaMa B peueh3mh Ha BTopoe n3aahhe "KaMHfl": Cu.1011 eeuieù, KCIK zopomccmuh, OH cmcui nosmom coepemennozo zopoda, xomn u He dueumcn, KCIK 3ae30tcuü nouiexoheif, aemomoou.ihm u mpcwecihm 97