sicv, Dwm~ prcwr kmyti (iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti)

Transkrypt

1 gurmiq zwn 3 > < siqgur prswid ] > gur igawn A<jn scu nyzi pweaw ] A<qir cwnxwu AigAwnu A<Dwy{ gvweaw ] iv wx-suci ISSN mwisk swvn-bwdo, s<vq` nwnkswwhi 549 vˆw~ 10 A<k 12 mu$x s<pwdk : ismrjiq is<g s<pwdk : sqiv<dr is<g PUlpur shwxk s<pwdk : jgjiq is<g swlwnw (dysw) AwjIvn (dysw) swlwnw (ivdysw) priq kwpi c<dw 10 {pxy 100 {pxy 250 {pxy 3 {pxy c<dw Byjny kw pqw sicv, Dwm~ prcwr kmyti (iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti) I Am qsr Pon : E#sty<Swn n<br ivqrxw ivbwg 303 s<pwdkix ivbwg 304 PY#s : gyan_gurmat@yahoo.com website : gurbwxwi ivcwr 4 s<pwdkix 5 ávwibmwn AOr AwjæwdI ky prvwny : bñbr AkwlI 7 - o. ikrpwl is<g bfu<gr AwSww kw Kr surj : I gu{ gr<qw swihb 19 -fw. sëxy<«pwl is<g I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki mhwnqw 23 -fw. kswmir is<g 'nur' I gu{ gr<qw swihb 25 -fw. ikswori lwl ÛXws gu{ ky bwg kw mocw~ 26 -ismrjiq is<g EysI gwqww QwI Amr Ÿw<iqnwXk vir s. krqwr is<g srwbw ki 33 - I ÈXoiq kwsw Kry Bwrq ki AwjæwdI my< is#ko< kw Xogdwn 35 -s. gurdip is<g 1947 e~. ky p<jwb-ivbwjn ky kuc apyi@wq p@w 39 -s. sukpwl is<g synw ky mhwnwxk jnrl s. jgjiq is<g (AroVw) 50 -s. surjiq is<g I gu{ hirgoib<d swihb 52 -s. krnyl is<g 'srdwr p<ci' gjæl 52 -s. siqnwm is<g koml gurbwxwi ic<qndwwrw : fw. mnjiq kor Kæbrnwmw 57

2 gurmiq zwn 4 gurbwxwi ivcwr Bwda Brim BulI Bir jobin pcuqwxwi ] jl Qwl niir Bry brs {qy r<gu mwxwi ] brsy inis kwli ika suku bwli dwdr mor lv<qy ] i a i a cvy bbihw boly BueA<gm iprih fs<qy ] mcr f<g swer Br subr ibnu hir ika suku pwe~ey ] nwnk puic cla gur Apuny jh Bu qh hi jwe~ey ] (pºw 1108) phly pwqswwh I gu{ nwnk dyv ji bwrhmwhw qukwri ki es pwvn pavi my< Bwdo< mws ky ivswy w w iqk vxw~n ky mwdxm sy Bu-nwm sy ibcuvi jiv-ázi ki dukdwxk iáqwiq kw vxw~n krqy hue asko jivn-a ysx ki puiq~ krny vwlw gurmiq mwg~ dsww~qy hy<[ gu{ ji Prmwn krqy hy< ik Bwdo< mws my< jo jiv-ázi puxw~ XOvn ki AwXu-iáQwiq my< Bu-nwm ko BUl kr BRm my< AQww~q` mwxw ki Azwnqw my< P<s ge~ vh pscwqwp kw iswkwr hoqi hy[ Bwdo< my< jb v ww~ hue~ AOr jgh-jgh pwni Br gxw, es d SX kw vh Awn<d AnuBv kr skqi QwI pr<qu vo Xh Awn<d wîq n kr ski[ khny sy qwëpx~, iq kw ËXyk }p Apny Awp my< su<dr hy qqww jiv-ázi ko s i t-s jk ky sdyv kwxm rhny vwly nwm ky swqw jov skqw hy[ gu{ ji es mws kw w iqk vxw~n krqy hue kqwn krqy hy< ik kwli rwiz my< BI v ww~ hoqi hy pr<qu Bu sy ibcuvi jiv-ázi es v ww~ sy imlny vwlw suk #Xo< lygi? qb my<fk guvy<-guvy< ki Dvin inkwlqy hy<, mor kukqy hy<, bbihw i a i a açcwrxw krqw hy[ Xh sb Bu sy ibcuvi jiv-ázi ko Awn<d ide ibnw hi Gitq ho jwqw hy[ asko qo Bwdo< mws my< sw<po< ky, mçcr ky f<k mwrny kw hi AnuBv hogw[ Xh vwáqivkqw hy ik sw<p, mçcr Awid ky f<k es bhwr my< AiDwk qi@xw ho jwqy hy<[ jl-sroq Br jwqy hy<[ ibcuvi jivázi Bu ky ibnw es d SX kw suk #Xo< lygi AQww~q` nhi< ly skqi[ gu{ ji A<q my< in k w~ }p my< Prmwn krqy hy< ik my< jiv-ázi Apny sçcy }hwni pqw- dsw~k sy puckr aski AguAwe~ my< clny lgu< qo jhw< Bu iml skqw ho my< vhw< hi jw <gi[

3 gurmiq zwn 5 s<pwdkix dysw ki AwjæwdI ki rwh Qwy-- AkwlI mocy~ Bwrq ki AwjæwdI my< AásI iqswq Xogdwn is#ko< kw rhw hy[ dysw ko Awjæwd krwny ky ile is#ko< ny bvi qwdwd my< Swhwdqy< di AOr A<gRyjæI rwj ky Anyk jæuømo< ko Apny bdn pr Jylw[ AwjæwdI ki lvwe~ my< is#k SwhIdo< ki s<$xw eqni ÈXwdw hy ik iksi Ek ivˆwxlyk my< askw ijÿ krnw nwmumikn hy[ is#ko< ny dysw-kom ki Kæwiqr jwny< dykr GØlUGwro<, j<go<, moco_ AOr swko< ki l<bi dwáqwn ko s ijq ikxw hy[ kuc gyr-is#k p ˆTBUim vwly g wro< ky kwrxw is#k dusrw A<gRyjæ-is#K Xu hwr ge[ is#k rwj ko A<gRyjæI rwj my< imlw ilxw gxw[ A<gyRjæo< ny is#k rwj pr kñjæw krqy hi Xh soc ilxw Qww ik is#ki ky cwr ky<dr gu{ªwrw swihbwn ky b<dw my< dkæl dykr enko Apny ADwIn rknw hy[ Apny rwj ki mjæbuqi ky ile gu{ªwrw swihbwn kw eáqymwl krnw A<gyRjæ srkwr ki mu$x niiq QwI[ A<gyRjæo< ny mh<qo< ky mwdxm sy gu{ªwrw swihbwn ky A<dr brw³xwi riiqxo<, vxw~-ivbwjn, jwq-pwq ky BydBwv AOr CUq-Cwq kw vysw krvw idxw, qwik is#ko< kw ivsvws AOr BI kmjæor ho sky AOr enki Swi#q my< igrwvt Aw sky[ durwcwri mh<qo< ny gu{ªwrw swihbwn ko ApnI inji jwxdwd ky }p my< AOr inji ávwqwo_ ky ile eáqymwl krnw Swu} kr idxw Qww[ is#k Apny gu{dwwmo< ki EysI dsww iksi kimq my< BI shn krny ky ile qyxwr nhi< Qwy[ vy hr hwl my< gu{ªwrw swihbwn ko s<gqi b<dw qly lwnw cwhqy Qwy[ is#ko< ny Apny Awp ko áqwwnix AkwlI jëqwo< ky }p my< s<gitq kr Sww<qmXI Aw<doln ko Apnw hiqwxwr bnw ilxw AOr gu{ªwrw swihbwn ky b<dw sudwwr ky ile mocy~ lgwny Swu} kr ide[ iswromixw gu{ªwrw b<dwk kmyti, I Am qsr ky AiáqËv my< Awny sy is#ko< ki Swi#q mjbuq ky<dr kw }p Dwwrxw kr ge~[ iswromixw gu{ªwrw b<dwk kmyti ky PYsly smucy is#k p<qw ky PYsly smjy jwny lgy AOr moco_ ki siÿxqw AOr BI qyjæ ho ge~[ es qrh is#ko< ny As<$X AËXwcwr shkr gu{ªwrw swihbwn kw b<dw p<qwk hwqwo< my< lwny ky ile Swhwdqy< wîq ki< AOr ÛXiBcwrI mh<qo< ky kukmo_ ki myl ko Apny KUn ky swqw Dwokr moco_ ki splqw kw lwswni eiqhws s ijq ikxw[ en moco_ ki kwmxwbi ny n kyvl gu{ªwrw swihbwn ko hi mh<qo< ky kñjyæ sy Awjæwd krvwxw biøk dysw ki AwjæwdI ky ile ne rwh bnwkr logo< my< Dwm~ AOr dysw-îxwr ky ile mr-imtny kw jèbw BI pydw ikxw[ cwibxo< kw mocw~ ki jiq pr bdwwe~ dyqy hue mhwëmw gw<dwi ny khw Qww ik Xh dysw ki AwjæwdI ky ile phli inxww~xk lvwe~ ki jiq hy[ AwjæwdI kw Awn<d lyny vwli BwrqIX bhus<$xw ªwrw is#ko< ki qrp sy Bwrq ki AwjæwdI ky ile di ge~ kubw~inxo< ki kdrdwn hony ki bjwx is#ko< ko anky buinxwdi AiDwkwro< sy

4 gurmiq zwn 6 hi v<icq rkw gxw[ AwjæwdI ky bwd is#ko< ko anky bnqy AiDwkwr dyny qo dur ki bwq anky Anyk swdwno< AOr AiDwkwro< pr kwibjæ hokr AwjæwdI Swwndwr eiqhws s ijq krny vwli es kom ko soqylypn kw Ehsws krvwxw gxw[ dysw ky ivbwjn ky smx jo nukswn is#k kom kw huaw aski prvwh n krqy hue BI is#ko< ny Bwrq ki Ekqw AOr AK<fqw ko kwxm rkny ky ile ke~ kubw~inxw< di<, pr<qu APsos ik is#ko< ko jrwem-pysww kom bqwxw gxw[ p<jwb sy asky bvy apjw ihásy CIn ile ge[ mojudw smx my< p<jwb ky dirxwe~ pwni BI CIn kr p<jwb ko mw{áqwl bnwny ki koiswso< ki jw rhi hy<[ jhw< gulwm Bwrq ky smx is#ko< ko gu{ªwrw swihbwn ki Kwiqr mocy~ lgwny pvy vhi Awj Awjæwd Bwrq my< BI is#ko< ko I gu{ nwnk swihb ky crxw-ápsw~ wîq gu{ªwrw igawn godvi swihb ki pun: áqwwpiq ky ile s<gˆw~ krnw pv rhw hy, ijsko ipcly smx my < aárwk<f ki srkwr ny so<dx~krxw ki AwV my< KËm kr idxw Qww[ Xh hkikq hy ik eiqhws ky ijqny BI pºy plty jwe<gy, an pr is#k kom ki kubw~inxo< kw ijæÿ AwEgw, pr<qu Awj Bwrq ki ne~ pifæi ky mn my< is#ko< ky iq jæhr Brny ki m<sww sy ke~ ákulo< ky islybs my< AwjæwdI ky bwd p<jwb ky ihqo< ky ile is#ko< ªwrw ike ge s<gˆw~ ko dyswdrohi giqividwxw< AOr s<gˆw~ krny vwlo< ko Awq<kvwdI bqwxw jw rhw hy[ is#ko< ki bhwduri ki bwq krny ki jgh is#k-ivrodwi Swi#qXo< ªwrw Eysw gumrwhkun cwr byhd Swm~nwk AOr in<dnix GtnwŸm hy[ nw iqsu Bwry prbqw< Asmwn Kh<dy[ nw iqsu Bwry kot gfæ Gr bwr ids<dy[ nw iqsu Bwry swerw< nd vwh vh<dy[ nw iqsu Bwry q{vrw< Pl supl Pl<dy[ nw iqsu Bwry jia j<q Axwgxwq ipr<dy[ Bwry Bue_ AikrqGxw m<di hu m<dy[ (vwrw< Bwe~ gurdws ji, 35:8)

5 gurmiq zwn 7 ávwibmwn AOr AwjæwdI ky prvwny : bñbr AkwlI - o. ikrpwl is<g bfu<gr* Akwl purk ny 'DwrqI Dwrmswl' pr lgw AOr asy Apny ADwIn krny ki socny rci Alg-Alg XoinXo< my< sy Ek mnu X lgw[ DwIry-DwIry Alg-Alg dyswo< my< bsw AOr Xoin pydw ki ijsko bwki XoinXo< ki Apy@ww b<tw huaw ivsv-smwj Alg-Alg dlo<-ñlwko< boi k Swi#q bhuq AiDwk bi$æswsw ki AOr my< b<t gxw, jysy Amyirkn Ñlwk, riswxn mwnv ko aski es boi k Swi#q ªwrw bwki Ñlwk, Arb muøk smuh Awid[ es qrh XoinXo< pr srdwri b$æsw di-- ''lk carwsih ivcwrdwwrwao< ky AwDwwr pr kmxuinát AOr join sbwe~ ] mwxws ka ib die~ vifawe~ ]'' jwgirdwri qqww smwjvwdi Ev< swmrwèxvwdi qqww ''Avr join qyri pinhwri ] esu DwrqI Ñlwk AiáqËv my< AwE[ mnu X ki qrp sy mih qyri iskdwri ]'' pirxwwmáv}p mwnv ny pydw ike es ivbwjn ky kwrxw s<swr my< kwidr ki qrp sy b$æswi es boi k Swi#q AwpsI mwnvix sw<j ky bwvjud qnwv AOr ªwrw bwki XoinXo< ko Apny ADwIn kr ilxw[ nprq kw mwhol pydw ho gxw[ s<swr ny mwnv-mwz kwidr ki Ek ivl@wxw, Ad`Buq kyvl 20vI< sdi my< hi do ivsv mhwxu AOr Aiq su<dr rcnw hy[ eskw rcnhwrw, ( e~.) AOr ( e~.) s jnhwrw AOr s<grhkqw~ Ek hi prmwëmw dyky, ijnmy< bhuq bvi qbwhi hue~[ Qwm ivsv hony ky kwrxw enky A<dr AwpsI mwnvix mhwxu ki wiîqxo< ko dusry ivsv mhwxu ny sw<j hy-- ''qudwu Awpy isrsit sb apwe~ ji qudwu milxwmyt kr idxw AOr ivsv ky dysw-dysww<qro< Awpy isrij sb goe~ ] jnu nwnku guxw gwvy ky ne i@wiqj áqwwipq kr ide[ krqy ky ji jo sbsy kw jwxwoe~ ]'' qqww Bwrq dysw ki Xh ZwsdI hi smjo ik ''sbnw kw mw ipa Awip hy ]'' es mwnvix esko Apno< ny hi Alg-Alg jwiqxo<, vxwo~< sw<j ky hoqy hue BI mwnv-mwz smx ky l<by AOr s< dwxo< my< bw<t kr BwrqIX smwj ko spr ky dorwn Alg-Alg Dwmo~<, AkIdo<, icº-ibº kr idxw[ Ekqw ky tutny AOr s< dwxo<, sòxwcwro<, ivcwro<, Bw wwao<, nálo<, ivbwjn ho jwny ky kwrxw AOr Xhw< ki r<go<-}po<, dysw-dysww<qro< ''Awpy hir ek r<gu hy CotI-CotI irxwsqo< my< b<ty hue muøk my< Awpy bhu r<gi ]'' my< b<t gxw[ Alg-Alg rwèx krny vwly rwjw (mhwrwjw), nvwb XoinXo< ko Apny vsw my< krny ky bwd mwnv AOr subydwr ivlwsi Ev< EyÖXwSwI ijæ<dgi my< ny mwnv ko Apnw gulwm bnwnw Swu} kr glqwn Qwy AOr dysw v kom ki iksi ko koe~ idxw[ es qrh ivsv smwj, gribo<-amiro<, ic<qw nhi< QwI[ Xy sbi AwpsI vyr, ivrodw açc-inmn, rwjwao<-gulwmo<, mwilko<-syvko< my< AOr e~ Xw~ kw iswkwr Qwy[ rw töix Bwvnw b<t gxw; Ek dysw dusry dysw pr BwrI pvny nwmmwz hi QwI[ ABI BI es Bwvnw kw *ADX@w, iswromixw gu{ªwrw b<dwk kmyti, I Am qsr

6 gurmiq zwn 8 ABwv hi hy[ Xy irxwsqi rwjw Apno< ky iv{ ivdyswi hmlwvro< ki mdd krqy rhy[ mugl søqnq AOr A<gRyj rwèx ki áqwwiîq ky Xy bvy kwrxw Qwy[ dysw Aiq kmjæor ho gxw[ Pláv}p bwhri hmly Swu} ho ge[ es dorwn jhw< dysw kw Dwn lutw gxw, vhw< dysw kw AwËm-sMmwn, Xhw< ki bhu-byitxo< ko BI n b$æsww gxw[ anki eèjq ky swqw iklvwv ikxw gxw AOr bsry ki m<ifxo< my< tky ky Bwv my< bycw gxw[ 1192 e~. my< Bwrq pr áqwwipq hue~ eálwmi Swi#q AOr bwd my< eálwmi Swi#q ky kmjæor pv jwny ky kwrxw dysw kwly qqww ktor idl vwli gori kom-- A<gRyjo< ki gulwmi ky boj ky nicy Aw gxw[ AwpsI vyrivrodw ky kwrxw ibkry hue BwrqIX log kuc n kr sky[ AOr qo AOr, enho<ny phly eálwm AOr bwd my< e~swe~ mq Dwwrxw krnw Swu} kr idxw[ ivdyiswxo< ko hi Apny mwilk AOr r@wk mwn ilxw[ Xh rwjnyiqk gulwmi hi nhi< QwI biøk essy BI Kqrnwk bwq Xh hue~ ik BwrqIX logo< ny mwnisk gulwmi BI kbul kr li[ BwrqIX smwj ky A<dr swhs, gyrq, gorv, AwËm-sMmwn AOr AwËmwiBmwn kw ABwv ho gxw[ my< ivcrxw kr rhy BwrqIX logo< AQww~q` rwjw AOr jw ny dysw ky iq Apnw Dwm~ qqww Pj~ hi phcwnnw b<d kr idxw[ B#q SwyK PrId ji ny ''PrIdw bwir prweey bysxww sw<e~ mujy n dyih ] jy qu EvY rksi jia srirhu lyih ]'' kqwn krqy hue dysw ky logo< ki gulwmi ki qrp ávwbwivk hi s<kyq ikxw hy[ logo< pr jæor, jbr AOr juøm kw bolbwlw Qww[ Eysy smx my< swmwijk AOr Dwwim~k BydBwv Ev< EkwiDwkwr ky iv{ Bi#q lhr ky muki s<qo<mhwpu{ wo< ny jæordwr Awvwjæ atwe~ AOr dysw invwisxo<, Kws kr qqwwkiqwq nic Xw kucly jw rhy logo< ky A<dr Ek nxi roswni kw Awgwjæ hony lgw[ BwrqIX smwj ny ne~ A<gVwe~ li[ Xh Dwwim~k AOr swmwijk lhr kw rwáqw rwjnyiqk AwjæwdI ki Aor hi A<ikq Qww[ 1469 e~. my< BwrqIX Dwrwql pr I gu{ nwnk dyv ji kw kwsw huaw ijsny BwrqIX smwj ky logo< ky A<Dwyry mn ko jgmgwxw AOr anky A<dr gorv, AwËm-sMmwn qqww AwËmwiBmwn ky swqw AwjæwdI kw jivn jiny ky ile ic<gwri pydw ki[ Bwe~ gurdws ji es bwry my< es qrh ilkqy hy<-- ''siqgu{ nwnku gitaw imti Dwu<Dwu jig cwnxwu hoawp[ ija kir surju inkilaw qwry Cip A<Dwy{ ploaw['' I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ny m, g háqw AOr Bi#q ki lhr ky swqw-swqw Swi#q ko jov kr Ek mukmml Ÿw<iqkwrI lhr ko jnm idxw[ ibkry hue BwrqIX smwj ko mwnvix smwnqw AOr Ekqw kw rwáqw d Fæ krvwxw[ bisvi< sdi ky is kiv, SwwXr AOr dwinswvr Alwmw ekbwl ny es lhr ky bwry my< es qrh ilkw hy-- ''ipr ati AwiKr sdwa qohid ki p<jwb sy[ ih<d ko Ek md~- E-kwiml ny jgwxw $vwb sy['' es Ÿw<iqkwrI lhr kw nyq Ëv bwbr ko AËXwcwrI AOr ''rwjy sih mukdm kuqy ]'' kh kr llkwrqy hue ikxw[ Xhw< sy hi AQww~q` 1526 e~. ky bwbr ky hmly ky smx I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ki qrp sy Awr<B ike Dwm~-Xu ky swqw hi Bwrq ki AwjæwdI ki lvwe~ BI Swu} hoqi hy[ 1857 e~. ky gdr ko AwjæwdI ki phli lvwe~ bqwny vwly log AnwvSXk BRm KVy kr eiqhws ko aøtw c#kr dyny kw AsPl

7 < gurmiq zwn 9 XËn kr rhy hy< jo Xo^X bwq nhi< hy[ iswkr dophr ky smx jb surj Apny pury XOvn pr cmk rhw ho, asy Amwvs ki kwli-bhri rwq khnw surj ky swqw bye<swpi hy[ eiqhws gvwh hy ik I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ki qrp sy dysw ky AwËm-sMmwn, gorv, gyrq, AwËmwiBmwn AOr AwjæwdI ky ile Awr<B ike es s<g w~/dwm~-xu ky dorwn I gu{ Arjn dyv ji, I gu{ qyg bhwdr swihb, I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ky cwr swihbjæwdy, mwqw gujri ji qqww Anyk hi gu{ ky is<g-is<ginxw< AOr bçcy Ash v AkQwnIX k t AwáQww Ev< d Fæqw ky swqw shqy hue Swhwdq pw ge[ is<g sbw lhr (1873 e~.), gdr lhr, bñbr AkwlI lhr AOr gu{ªwrw b<dw sudwwr lhr, ikswni sy smb<idwq 'pgvi s<bwl jæw, pgvi s<bwl AoE' ky nwro< sy SwhId-E-Awjæm s. Bgq is<g ky cwcw s. AjIq is<g ki qrp sy Awr<B ki ge~ lhr qqww Swy w sbi lhry< I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ki qrp sy Awr<B ike sv~p@wix e<klwb my < sy hi apji lhry < QwI<[ en sbi lhro< ki Xui#q, kwx~ AOr inswwny kw sroq I gu{ nwnk dyv ji kw PlsPw hi Qww, ijskw m<qûx, mnorqw AOr AwDwwr mwnv ky A<dr sy moq kw fr inkwlnw, jivn my AwËm-sMmwn, gyrq AOr gorv ky swqw jinw, mwnvix smwnqw, shaiáqëv, sw<jivwlqw, ivsv- Bwe~cwrw, e~svrix-ekqw AOr mwnvix AwjæwdI QwI[ Apny inji ihqo< sy pr atkr dysw, kom ky ile ''Apnw ibgwir ibrw<nw sw<fy ]'' ky is w<q ky Anuswr hryk ky Bly ki Bwvnw ky swqw ivcrxw krqy hue es mwg~ ky XwZI hony ky ile I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ny inmn dsw~n idxw : --ja qa ym Kylxw kw cwa ] is{ Dwir qli gli myri Awa ] equ mwrig py{ DwrIjY ] is{ dijy kwixw n kijy ] (pºw 1412) --mrxwu muxwsw suiraw hku hy jo hoe mrin prvwxwo ] sury sye~ AwgY AwKIAih drgh pwvih swci mwxwo ] (pºw 479) --jy jivy piq lqwi jwe ] sbu hrwmu jyqw ikcu Kwe ] (pºw 142) swe~< buøly Swwh ªwrw khi ge~ Xh khwvq TIk cilq hue~-- ''n khu< jb ki, n khu< qb ki, bwq khu< my< Ab ki[ Agr n hoqy gu{ goib<d is<g qo suºq hoqi sb ki['' I gu{ qyg bhwdr swihb ih<d ki cwdr AOr mwnvqw ky Dwm~-r@wk bny[ Xh s<g w~ cwhy mugl søqnq ky iv{ Qww, cwhy A<gRyjo< (ipr<giao<) ky iv{ Qww, Xh kitnwexo<, kubw~inxo< my< i QwIE, c<du, g<gu v suçcw n<d, inr<jnie, fogro<, Kwlsw POj ky nmkhrwmo< AOr g wr jrnylo< Awid Anyko< hi dysw Ev< Kwlsw p<qw ky doikxo< ki qrp sy ki ge~ BwrI g wri qqww dysw«oh ky ignony kwmo< ky bwvjud inr<qr jwri rhw AOr 15 Agáq, 1947 e~. ko dysw ko ivdyswi gulwmi ki j<jiro< sy mukmml }p sy Awjæwd krvwxw[ inás<dyh 15 Agáq, 1947 e~. ko huaw dysw-ivbwjn dukdwxk Qww, Awj BI hy AOr Biv X my< BI rhygw[ esky ile ijmmydwr hmwry dysw ky ke~ Kud ko rw töix khlvwny vwly nyqw Qwy jo a<gli ko KUn lgwkr SwhIdo<, ávq<zqw s<grwimxo< AOr dysw-b#qo< ki kqwr my< Aw KVy hue Qwy, ijnho<ny rwj-swi#q pr jødbwji my< kwibj hokr rwj-bwg kw ávwd ckny ky ile lwko< jwny< bykwr gvwe~<[ dysw b<t gxw[ is#ko< ky kuc pivz gu{dwwm piscmi p<jwb (pwikáqwn)

8 gurmiq zwn 10 my< rh ge[ Dwm~ ky nwm pr ikxw Xh dyswivbwjn Aiq dukdwxi Ev< A w iqk Qww[ esky j$æm Awj BI hry hy<[ AwjæwdI ky es l<by s<g w~ ky dorwn dysw AOr ivdysw my< Anyk CotI-bVI lhry< ati<, mgr sbsy AiDwk 80 PIsdI Xogdwn p<jwibxo< Kws kr gu{ ky is#ko< ny ''jo gu{ dsy vwt muridw joliey ]'' ky mwg~ pr clqy hue pwxw[ s<g w~ ki es l<bi gwqww ko hr rojæ Ardws my< d Fæ krvwxw jwqw hy[ Xy kubw~inxw< SwIrKor (dudw piqy) bçco< sy lykr 92 swl ki amr my< b<d-b<d ktvwny vwly Amr SwhId Bwe~ mni is<g ji qk ki hue~<[ Xh swrw eiqhws ivl@wxw, gorvswwli, inrwlw, AiªqIX AOr byimswl hy[ is#k kom ny dysw ki DwrqI pr qo d Fæ s<køp hokr AwjæwdI-s<G w~ ikxw hi Qww, esky swqw-swqw anho<ny ivdysw ki DwrqI pr BI Xh s<g w~ puri ihmmq sy lvw, jysy ik 'kwmwgwtwmw} jhwjæ vwlw swkw'[ gdr lhr ky jujw} Xo wao< ki qrp sy Ek Alg eiqhws s ijq ikxw gxw[ esi qrh p<jwb ki DwrqI pr 'bñbr AkwlI lhr' ati ijsmy< is<go< ny BwrI mwzw my< kubw~inxw< di< qqww AwjæwdI kw smx AOr BI njædik lykr AwE[ es AwlyK my< bñbr AkwlI lhr ky bwry my< s<@wyp my< ivcwr krny kw Xws ikxw jw rhw hy, qwik srl Bw ww my< hmwri Awj ki nojvwn pifæi ko es gorvmxi eiqhws ky pºo< sy piricq krvwxw jw sky[ vxw~nxo^x hy ik ivdyswi hmlwvro< ny dysw ky rwj-bwg pr kwibjæ hokr Bwrq ko gulwm bnw lyny ky bwd ivdyswi logo< sy dysw ko Awjæwd krvwny ky ile Swu} ike s<g w~ my< siÿx Xogdwn dyny vwlo< ky iv{ ivdyswi logo< ki mdd krny vwly KuSwwmdI log AwjæwdI ky prvwno< ki mukbri krky anhy< igrïqwr krwny ky ile dysw«oh kw ignonw Dw<Dww kr ivdyswi logo< sy enwm ky }p my< bvi jwgiry< AOr Aohdy wîq krqy rhy[ dysw-b#qo< ky swqw vyr kmwny AOr du to< kw swqw dyny vwly Eysy lobi, lwlci AOr dysw«oh v iá vwly logo< ky bwry my< gurbwxwi hmy< idsww-indy~sw dyqi hy[ siqgu{ ji áp t krqy hy < ik Eysy q xwwlu log ApnI An<q q xwwao< ki Awg my< hi jlqy rhqy hy<[ anko lok-prlok my< suk-sww<iq wîq nhi< hoqi biøk vy hmysww pwgl kuáy ki Bw<iq duivdww my< edwr-adwr dovqy AOr q xww ki Awg my< jlqy rhqy hy<[ gu{-vw#x hy : --s<qw nwil vy{ kmwvdy dustw nwil mohu ipaw{ ] AgY ipcy suku nhi mir j<mih vwro vwr ] izsnw kdy n buje~ duibdww hoe KuAw{ ] muh kwly iqnw in<dkw iqqu scy drbwir ] nwnk nwm ivhuixwaw nw arvwir n pwir ] (pºw 649) --jiahu myly bwhrhu inrml ] bwhrhu inrml jiahu q myly iqni jnmu juey hwiraw ] Eh iqsnw vfw rogu lgw mrxwu mnhu ivswiraw ] (pºw 919) Eysy logo< ki bui eqni BR t ho jwqi hy AOr AwËmw eqni miln ho jwqi hy ik vy pwpo< ky es g<dy Kyl my< hi máq rhqy hy< AOr A<q ko Apny pwpo< ki gtri BwrI kr es s<swr sy Apny dul~b jivn ko bbw~d krky pølw JwV kr AOr hwr kr clqy bnqy hy<[ vy hmysww ke~ logo< ki G xww ky pwz bny rhqy hy<[ gu{-prmwn hy : pwpu burw pwpi ka ipawrw ] pwip ldy pwpy pwswrw ] (pºw 935)

9 gurmiq zwn 11 A<gRyjo< ny rwj-swi#q, jbr, juøm AOr DwoKy sy Bwrq pr kwibjæ hokr Ek mjæbuq jwibr Swi#q-áQwl (mhl) bnw ilxw Qww[ gw<v kw cokidwr, n<brdwr, enwmdwr, kusi~nswi<, jyldwr, spydposw, jwgirdwr AOr jæwilm puils b<dw juømi Swi#q-mhl ky mjæbuq áq<b Qwy[ Xy BwrqIX log ApnI CotI-CotI jæ}rqo< ki puiq~, JUTI Swohrq, Ah<kwr AOr ivdyswi mwilko< ko KuSw krny ki Kwiqr Apny hi BweXo< pr juøm kr rhy Qwy AOr dysw ki gulwmi ki j<jæiro< ki mjæbuq kivxw< bn kr dysw-«oh ky Dw<Dwy my< bhuq byhxwe~ ky swqw kwx~swil Qwy[ Kwlsw p<qw ky ile logo< ky swqw hoqi es Dw#kySwwhI, byrhmi, jbr, juøm, durwcwr AOr AËXwcwr ko bdw~sq krnw muiskl Qww[ esile ''jby bwxw lwgxo ] qby ros jwgxo'' ky Anuswr g<bir AOr KUnI cunoiqxo< ko llkwrw AOr juømi Swi#q-mhl ky mjæbuq áq<bo< ko inswwnw bnwxw, qwik es jwibr AOr juøm ky mhl ko Dváq ikxw jw sky[ jb Xy áq<b is#k-swi#q ky swmny kw<p rhy Qwy AOr AËXwcwrI Swi#q kw mhl hyrwnpryswwn hoqy hue fgmgw rhw Qww qb as iÿxw ky swqw Swi#qhIn BwrqIX jnqw ky A<dr nxw josw, jèæbw, jwg iq, gyrq AOr AwËm-sMmwn jwg q hony lgw AOr logo< ky mn my< sy moq kw fr v Swwsn ki dhswq KËm hony lgi[ es qrh mjæbuq lok-lhry< KVI ho ge~<[ eiqhws gvwh hy ik es l<by s<g w~ ky dorwn phly muglo< ky iv{ I gu{ hirgoib<d swihb ki qrp sy cwr lvwexw<, I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ki qrp sy CotI-bVI ke~ lvwexw<, bwbw b<dw is<g bhwdur AOr bwrh is#k imslo< ki qrp sy ike jæordwr s<g w~ ky dorwn mugl søqnq ki mdd krny vwly, mukbri krny vwly AOr dysw-«oh ky kuvy Dw<Dwy my< sy enwm kmwny vwly Xhw< ky BwrqIX log, CotI-CotI BwrqIX irxwsqo< ky rwjw AOr jwgirdwr, jæyldwr Ev< spydposw Awid hi Qwy[ ipr mhwrwjw rxwjiq is<g ky 1839 e~. my< prlok gmn krny ky pscwq Kwlsw POj ki qrp sy ipr<igxo< ky iv{ lvi ge~ swri lvwexo< my< BwrqIX POj ipr<igxo< ki POj ky swqw imlkr lvqi rhi AOr dysw ko mukmml }p sy ipr<igxo< ki gulwmi ky boj qly Dwkyl idxw[ is<go< AOr ipr<igxo< ky drimxwn lvi ge~ lvwexo< ky es qqx ki pui t p<jwb ky is kiv, SwwXr AOr csmdid gvwh Swwh muhmmd ny ApnI puáqk 'j<gnwmw is<gw< Aqy ipr<giaw< dw' my< es qrh ki hy : j<g ih<d p<jwb dw hoxw l^gw, dovy< pwqswwhi POjw< BwrIAw< ny[ AÈj hovy srkwr qw< muøl pwvy, ijhviaw< Kwlsy ny qygw< mwriaw< ny[... Swwh muh<mdw ek srkwr bwjo<, POjw< ijá ky A<q nu< hwriaw< ny[ esky swqw hi lwhor drbwr ky Ahlkwro< AOr Kwlsw POj ky jrnylo< Kws kr imsr lwl is<g, qyjw is<g, fogrw idwawn is<g, hirw is<g, gulwb is<g, phwvw is<g Awid ªwrw ki ge~ g wri ki pui t BI Swwh muhmmd ny ApnI es puáqk my< ki hy[ lwhor drbwr ky bvy Ahlkwro<, Kwlsw POj ky g wro<, nmk hrwmo<, q%n jrnylo< ki g wri AOr A<gRyjo< ki kmwn qly Kwlsw POj ky iv{ BwrqIX POj ki qrp sy lvi lvwexo< Awid ky kwrxw A<qq: 1849 e~. my < A<gR yjo< ny bhuq byhxwe~ AOr DwoKwDwVI ky swqw p<jwb ko jæñq kr ilxw[

10 gurmiq zwn 12 es kwr swrw Bwrq hi ipr<igxo< kw gulwm ho gxw[ bhuq hi QwoVy smx ky bwd I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ky apdysw sy srswwr s<qispwhi bwbw bir is<g nor<gwbwdi ky aárwidwkwri bwbw mhwrwj is<g gw<v açci rñbo< (njædik Kºw) vwly ny A<gRyj hkumq ky iv{ dysw ko Awjæwd krwny ky ile bgwvq kw J<fw atw ilxw[ puri Xojnwb<dI ky swqw A<gRyjo< sy p<jwb ko Awjæwd krwny ky ile swri Xojnw bnwe~ ge~[ 3 jnvri, 1850 e~. ko Xh kwx~ purw ikxw jwnw Qww, pr<qu swqw ky hi Ek swqwi ky lwlcvsw hokr g wri krny ky kwrxw bwbw mhwrwj is<g ko 28 ids<br, 1849 e~. ko igrïqwr kr ilxw gxw AOr Anyko< hi Ash` AOr AkQwnIX k t dykr anko is<gwpur ki jyl my< 5 julwe~, 1856 e~. ko SwhId kr idxw gxw[ dysw ki AwjæwdI ky ile is#ks<g w~ inr<qr jwri rhw[ es qrh áp t hy ik ipr<igxo< ki srkwr ky iv{ AOr assy dysw ko Awjæwd krwny ky ile sbsy phly s<g w~ qqww AwjæwdI ki lvwe~ Kwlsw p<qw ny hi Awr<B ki[ 1873 e~. my< I Am qsr swihb ky Kwlsw kwlyj ky cwr is#k iv wiqw~xo< ky e~swe~ mq Dwwrxw krny ky ivcwr ko lykr is#k kom ky A<dr Aw rhy pqn ko Bw<pqy hue is#ko< my< is#ki ki pirp#vqw kwxm krny AOr sv~p@wix ávq<zqw kw jèæbw ajwgr krny ky ile zwni idá is<g AOr o. gurmuk is<g ªwrw is<g sbw lhr Awr<B ki ge~[ es lhr ky c<f hony sy jhw< is#k nojvwno< my< is#ki kw jèæbw pirp#v huaw vhi< dysw ko Awjæwd krwny ky ile inr<qr cl rhy is#k s<g w~ ko BI purw bl imlw[ bisvi< sdi ky Awr<B my< is#k-s<g w~ dysw AOr ivdysw ki DwrqI pr Alg-Alg }po< my< pury josw AOr ''inscy kir ApunI jiq kro<'' ky jèæby ky swqw Awr<B huaw[ es qrh Xh áp t hy ik I gu{ nwnk dyv ji sy lykr is#k kom qqww Kwlsw p<qw ny n qo muglo< ki srdwri kbul ki AOr n hi A<gRyj ipr<igxo< ki[ swrw l<bw s<g w~ mulbuq }p sy Sww<qmXI Qww, pr<qu jb jæwilm ky jbr kw iswkr ho jwqw rhw qo ipr ''cu kwr Ajæ hmh hilqy dr gujæswq ] hlwlásq burdn b SwmSwIr dsq ]'' (AQww~q` jb sbi Sww<qmXI Xws AsPl ho jwe< qo ipr pwxw atwni jwxj hy) ky is w<q ky Anuswr Kwlsw p<qw ny hiqwxwrb<d s<g w~ BI ikxw[ Xh gu{-kwl my< BI huaw AOr gu{-kwl ky bwd BI[ jb A<gRyjo< ny is#k rwj KËm krky p<jwb pr DwoKy sy kñjæw kr ilxw qo is#k kom ko Aiq kmjæor krny ky ile is#ki ky sroq-- gu{ªwrw swihbwn ky b<dwn pr Apny pwlqu cwplus mh<qo< AOr gu<fo< kw kñjæw krvw kr gu{ªwrw swihbwn kw sryawm Apmwn krvwxw jwny lgw; gu{-mxw~dw ko qhs-nhs kr idxw jwny lgw AOr gurbwxwi v is#ki is w<qo< ky bwry my< ke~ kwr ky BRm pydw ike jwny lgy[ (kuc Swi#qXw< Awj BI Xh in<dnix AOr JUTw p<qw-ivrodwi Dw<Dww puri qrh sy Swwiqrwnw AOr swijæswi F<g ky swqw kr rhi hy<, ijssy inscx hi bhuq bvw nukswn ho rhw hy[ hm ApnI AØpkwlIn AOr CotI-motI jæ}rqo< ki Kwiqr injæi ávwqw~ AOr pirvwrvwd ky moh-jwl my< P<sy hue hony ky kwrxw swijæswi cup Dwwrxw ike byty hy<[ bs! JUTI AOr BRwmk bxwnbwjæi krky bwhri dsw~n hi kr rhy hy<[)

11 gurmiq zwn e~. ky jilxw< vwlw bwg ky KUnI swky ky ile ijmmydwr A<gRyj jnrl AofvwXr ko I Akwl q$æq swihb pr kwibj ipr<igxo< ky cwplus iqinidw }V is<h ny sçcy is#k kw ikqwb AOr isropwao dy idxw qqww SwhId hony vwly BwrqIX logo< ko dysw«ohi AOr g wr kw ikqwb dy idxw[ inscx hi es Gtnw sy is#ko< ky ²dX my< AwŸoSw AOr BI bfæ gxw[ es Gtnw ny gu{ªwrw b<dw sudwwr lhr, gdr lhr AOr bñbr AkwlI lhr ko AOr BI c<f kr idxw[ cwtukwr n<brdwro</jæyldwro< AOr spydposwo< ªwrw Qwm ivsv mhwxu ky ile is#k nojvwno< ki bil dyny ky ile, jæbrn POjI BqI~ ky ile mjæbur ikxw jwny lgw[ 1919 e~. Qwm ivsv my< mhwxu ki smwiîq pr BUqpUv~ is#k POijXo< ky swqw duûx~vhwr ikxw jwny lgw AOr ikswni ko kmjæor krny ky ile bwbw b<dw is<g bhwdur ki qrp sy KËm ki ge~ jwgirdwri ÛXváQww ko surjiq AOr mjæbuq ikxw gxw[ gdr pwti~ ky nyqwao< my< sy srdwr krqwr is<g srwbw ko 1915 e~. my< Pw<sI pr ltkw kr SwhId kr idxw gxw[ irxwsq nwbw ky mhwrwjw s. irpudmn is<g ko is#ki is w<qo< ky p#ky Dwwrk hony ky kwrxw g I sy htwkr m«ws ki bdnwm jyl 'kofwe~ knwl' my< kyd kr idxw gxw, jhw< A<q my< vy prlok gmn kr ge[ A<gRyj srkwr ki es Dw#kySwwhI ky iv{ ro w ÛX#q krny ky ile Awr<B ike ge I AK<f pwt swihb ko puils swswn ki qrp sy K<ifq ikxw gxw ijsky pirxwwmáv}p g<gsr jyqo kw mocw~ lgwxw gxw, ijsko Pyl krny ky ile A<gRyj srkwr ny is<go< ky Sww<qmXI AOr inhëqwy jëqwo< pr AkQwnIX juøm ike[ gu{ kw bwg ky mocy~ ky dorwn BI AshnIX juøm ikxw gxw[ Xhw< qk ik es Sww<qmXI inhëqwy s<g w~ my< ipr<igxo< ki puils ki qrp sy ike ge AmwnvIX juøm ky kwrxw buri qrh sy j$æmi hue sëxwgrhi is<go< ko l<gr Ckwny hyqu rylgwvi ko rokny ky ile p<jw swihb ( Ab pwikáqwn) my< Bwe~ krm is<g AOr Bwe~ qwp is<g ko rylgwvi ky nicy Awkr Swhwdq wîq krni pvi[ gu{ªwrw I nnkwxww swihb ko mh<qo< ky ku b<dw sy Awjæwd krwny ky ile ge Bwe~ lcmxw is<g ky jëqwy pr BwrI juøm ikxw gxw[ inhëqwy is<go< ko jiqy-ji jlw idxw gxw AOr j<f ky ky swqw alty ltkw kr Awg lgw di ge~[ adwr dysw pr rwjkix juøm ky mwdxm sy AOr BI s$æq iswk<jw ksny ky ile 'roøt E#t' lwgu kr idxw gxw AQww~q` BwrqIX jnqw AOr ivswy w kr Kwlsw p<qw pr jbr AOr juøm ki Aw<DwI Julw di ge~[ g<gsr jyqo ky mocy~ ky dorwn 'siqnwmu vwihgu{' kw jwp kr rhy inhëqwy is<go< ky jëqwo< pr hoqi goilxo< ko bocwr AOr anki byrhmi ky swqw lwitxo< sy ki jwqi iptwe~ ko dykkr I mdn mohn mwlvix ny khw Qww ik Xid dysw ko AvSX hi Awjæwd krwnw hy qo Bwrq ky hr Gr my< sy km sy km Ek puz 'is<g' AvSX sjy[ esi qrh gu{ kw bwg ky mocy~ ky dorwn Sww<qmXI F<g sy 'siqnwmu vwihgu{' kw jwp kr rhy, inhëqwy sëxwgrhi is<go< ky jëqwo< ko bhuq dir<dgi AOr ind~xqw ky swqw A<gRyj srkwr ki puils ªwrw pitpit kr ADwmrw krqy hue dyk kr pwdri si. EP. E<föXUj is<go< ki d Fæqw AOr DwYX~qw pr vwh-vwh kr atw[ asny <ci Awvwjæ my< (sëx) bol idxw ik Xhw< Ek nhi< Anyko< hi

12 gurmiq zwn 14 'e~sw msih' my< inëx SwhId hoqy dyk rhw hu<[ ivdyswo< my< myhnq krny ge is#ko< pr r<g AOr nsli BydBwv ki niiq ky ADwIn jbrjuøm Ev< bye<swpi kw c#kr clw idxw AOr anki swri AwjæwdI pr Cwpw mwr ilxw gxw[ Eysy hwlwq ny ke~ is#k lhro<, jysy ik phly bqwe~ ge~ hy<, ko jnm idxw[ esi qrh doawbw ki DwrqI pr is<g SwUrvIro< AQww~q` bñbr AkwilXo< ny Apny dysw AOr Dwm~ ki AwjæwdI ky ile hiqwxwrb<d s<g w~ Awr<B kr idxw[ hoiswxwrpur my< mwc~, 1921 e~. my< hue~ is#k EjUkySwnl kw< y<s my< dig~ ivcwry< hue~<[ pirxwwmáv}p mwátr moqw is<g AOr syvwmu#q hvldwr myjr s. ikswn is<g gvgèj ki qrp sy Alg-Alg cÿvqi~ jëqwy bnwe ge[ kuc smx bwd dono< ko Ekjut kr Agáq, 1922 e~. my< ne~ jëqwyb<di bñbr AkwlI bnwe~ ge~[ bñbr sy qwëpx~ Qww-- Swyr AOr AkwlI sy qwëpx~ Qww-- m ËXu ko mjwk krny vwly, kwl rihq[ Xy sbi pfæy-ilky, jwg}k, is#ki my< pirp#v AOr dysw-bi#q ky jèæby sy srswwr nojvwn Qwy, jo puri qrh sy is#ki is w<qo<, ivrwsq AOr eiqhws sy piricq Qwy[ enmy< sy bhuq-sy ivdyswo< my< cl rhi gdr lhr sy Bwivq hue AOr bhuq-sy BUqpUv~ POjI Qwy[ kwmwgwtwmw} jhwjæ ky bjbjgwt (klkáw) ky KUnI kw<f my< sy bc kr AwE mwjw ap@wyz ky bwbw guridá is<g srhwli AOr anky swqwi BI bñbr AkwlI lhr my< Swwiml hokr s<g w~swil ho ge[ ijn A<gRyjo< ky ivswwl rwèx my< suxw~áq nhi< hoqw Qww (Ek khwvq) AOr ijnky swmny bvi-bvi søqnqy< kw<p atqi QwI< AOr anho<ny A<gRyjo< ki ADwInqw ávikwr kr li QwI, Kwlsw p<qw ny an A<gRjo< ki Swi#q ko sidwy }p sy jæbrdáq cunoqi di[ jo g wr log, A<gRyjo< ky cwtukwr is<g SwUrvIro< ki cugilxw< AOr mukbirxw< krky A<gRyjo< sy bvy Aohdy AOr murñby (jæmin kw elwkw) enwm ky }p my< wîq krqy Qwy, anko BI swqw hi swqw ike ki sjæw dykr aicq Pl dyqy rhqy Qwy[ bhuq-sy g wr log Xw anky pirvwr, jo bc ge AOr vy dysw- «oh ky enwm ky }p my< jwgirdwr, AwnryrI myijátöyt, AwnryrI kn~l AOr sr kw ikqwb hwisl krny ky swqw-swqw bvi-bvi jwxdwd ky mwilk bn byty[ vhi g wr log AwjæwdI ky pscwq ApnI Swwiqr cwlo< AOr Dwn ªwrw bvy srkwri APsr AOr rwjnyqw bn byty[ bñbr AkwilXo< ki giqividwxw< EysI QwI< ik ipr<igxo< kw swswn kw<pny lgw AOr ipr<igxo< ky rwjmhl ky áq<b igrny lgy Qwy[ A<gRyjæ Swwsn puri qrh sy BXBIq ho gxw Qww[ A<gRyjæ srkwr bñbro< sy eqni BXBIq hue~ QwI ik srkwr ny bñbro< ky Bwv qly Anyk gw<vo< my< ivswy w puils coikxw< áqwwipq kr di<[ POj AOr GuVsvwr puils ki sw<ji gsq qyj kr di ge~[ A Yl, 1923 e~. my< srkwr ny bñbr AkwlI jëqwy ko gyr-kwnuni jëqwyb<di krwr dy idxw[ ijælw jl<dwr ky dolqpur, p<fori inèjrw<, hripur, GiVAwl, k<dwolw, rkv AOr ijælw hoiswxwrpur my < bulovwl, cwhlpur, morw<vwli, jsovwl, kot PqUhI, moelw, m<nxwhwxww, srhwlw Kud~ qqww {VkI Kws Awid gw<v ivswy w Qwy[ A<gRyjo< ny es lhr ko dbwny ky ile puri Swi#q lgw di AOr jbr-juøm ki Aw<DwI Julw di[ Xh lhr ÈXwdwqr doawbw ap@wyz ki DwrqI qk hi siimq rhi, mwlvw AOr mwjw ap@wyz ki DwrqI pr km hi PYl ski[ mwjw AOr

13 gurmiq zwn 15 mwlvw ki DwrqI pr is<go< ki qrp sy Sww<qmXI s<g w~ jwri Qww AOr vy es hiqwxwrb<d s<g w~ my< Swwiml nhi< hue Qwy[ es lhr ny inscx hi Kwlsw p<qw AOr p<jwibxo< ky hosly bul<d kr ide[ A<gRyj Swi#q ky mjæbuq áq<bo< ko ihlw idxw AOr gori srkwr ki jvy< KoKlI kr di<[ es kwr AwjæwdI kw idn AOr njædik Aw gxw[ XhI es lhr ki Anmol splqw QwI[ bñbr AkwlI lhr ky mulbuq inxm puxw~q: is#ki is w<qo< pr AwDwwirq Qwy[ lgbg sbi bñbr AkwlI pfæy-ilky, Am qdwwri AOr 25 sy 45 swl ki amr ky drimxwn Qwy[ enky inxm-- byti-bhn kw sëkwr krnw, grib-anwqw ki krnw, jbr-juøm kw ivrodw krnw, <c-nic AOr jwq-pwq kw s$æq K<fn krnw, lut-mwr kw mukmml ivrodw krnw, Apny swiqwxo< kw ivrodw n krnw, gu{-mxw~dw ky Anuswr p#ky inánymi bnnw, jæ}rqm<do< ki mdd krnw, dysw ki AwjæwdI ky ile ApnI jwn kubw~n kr dynw, ipr<igxo< ki ADwInqw n mwnnw AOr jëqwyb<di ky hr hu#m, niiq, kwx~ÿm ky iq puri iqb qw rknw Awid Qwy[ ankw inswwnw bvw áp t Qww-- ipr<igxo< ky rwèx ko mukmml }p sy smwîq krnw AOr dysw ko Awjæwd krwnw; a ysx ki wiîq ky mwg~ my< rovw bnny vwly cwtukwro< AOr mukibro< kw spwxw krnw[ inás<dyh kubw~ni kyvl <cy v Swu Awcrxw Ev< in kwm Bwvnw vwlw mwnv hi dy skqw hy[ Xy swry bñbr AkwlI en mhwn guxwo< ky Dwwrk Qwy[ I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ki qrp sy idkwe mwg~ ky Anuswr bñbro< ny dysw-vwisxo< ky A<dr dysw-bi#q ki Bwvnw v AwjæwdI ki cwh pydw krny AOr anky A<dr T<fy pvy dysw- Bi#q ky josw, jèæby ko c<f krny ky ile gw<vo< my< logo< ki BIV ky swmny Apny ivcwro< ko kt krnw Swu} ikxw[ es kwx~ ky ile dyhwqi kwn y<so< kw islslw Swu} ikxw AOr inrol p<jwbi mwdxm ky ªwrw srl Bw ww my< bñbr AkwlI 'duawbw' AKbwr ky mwdxm sy logo< ko jwg}k krny ky ile Xws ikxw[ kwn y<so< ko s<boidwq krny kw kwx~ gurbwxwi my< pirp#v, e<klwbi eiqhws my< OFæ AOr <cy v Swu Awcrxw vwly kmwl ky v#qw krqy Qwy[ is#ki-is w<qo< AOr is#k eiqhws kw zwn rkny vwly mwátr moqw is<g pqwrw, bwbu s<qw is<g hirao< Kud~, bñbr krm is<g dolqpur, bñbr ikswn is<g gvgèj, bñbr Dw<nw is<g bihblpur, bñbr krm is<g ij<gv, s. rqn is<g rkv, bñbr hrb<s is<g srhwlw, bñbr ady is<g rwmgfæ Ju<gIAw<, bñbr dlip is<g DwwmIAw<, bñbr Dwrm is<g ihawqpur AOr bñbr n<d is<g GiVAwl Awid KulyAwm gw<vo< my< kwn y<s krky ivcwro< AOr eiqhws ki AwlOikk pyswkwri sy logo< ko vsw my< kr lyqy Qwy AOr anky A<dr soe hue AwËmsMmwn AOr gyrq ko jgwqy Qwy[ 1929 e~. my< jyl sy bri hokr AwXw s<dwro< kw s. swdwu is<g BI bñbro< ky swqw Swwiml ho gxw[ r<dwwvw ms<dw< ky s. lwb is<g puz s. guèjr is<g AOr Bwn is<g puz s. hukm is<g (r<dwwvw) BI asky swqw iml ge[ enho<ny BI AwjæwdI ky s<g w~ my< purw Xogdwn idxw AOr cwtukwro< ko itkwny lgwxw[ s. sohn is<g puz s. jvwhr is<g nwmdwwri, jo r<dwwvw ms<dw< ky gu{ªwry kw gr<qwi Qww, mukbri krky bñbr s. swdwu is<g, s. lwb is<g AOr s. Bwn is<g ko 6 jnvri, 1930 e~. ko igrïqwr

14 gurmiq zwn 16 krvw idxw[ en qino< ko 16 me~, 1931 e~. ko Pw<sI dy di ge~[ bñbro< ki giqividwxo< sy pryswwn hue Swwsn ny AOr BI s$æqi krni Awr<B kr di[ anho<ny mukibro< AOr jwsuso< ko bvy-bvy enwm dykr ansy dysw-«oh AOr Bwe~ sy Bwe~ mrvwny kw kwm ilxw[ sr e~. fi. myn. lygn gvn~r p<jwb ny si. fñøxu. jykb ifîti kimswnr ko s$æq hu#m ide[ ipr<igxo< ki 'bw<to AOr rwj kro' ki kutniiq pr Aml krqy hue swswn ny bñbro< my< sy hi BwrI enwm dykr bñbr AnUp is<g ko KrId ilxw, ijsny sui <ty<fy<t puils imátr iámqw ky pws mukbri krky isq<br, 1923 e~. my< inhëqwy cwr AguAw bñbro<-- jëqwydwr krm is<g dolqpur, bñbr ady is<g rwmgfæ Ju<gIAw<, bñbr ibswn is<g gw<v mw<gt AOr bñbr mih<dr is<g gw<v p<fori g<gw is<g ki puils vwlo< sy Gyrwb<dI krvw di[ inhëqwy hony ky bwvjud cwro< bñbr jwny< vwr kr bhuq idlyri ky swqw puils ky iv{ jujy AOr A<q my< SwhId ho ge[ en SwhIdo< ki Xwd my< gw<v bbyli my< Ek XwdgwrI gyt bnwxw huaw hy[ esi qrh g wr jvwlw is<h isawxw ki mukbri ky kwrxw 25 A#qUbr, 1923 e~. ko m<nxwhwxww my< bñbr s. Dw<nw is<g bihblpur, bñbr s. b<qw is<g DwwmIAw< klw< BI puils mukwbly my< Swhwdq wîq kr ge[ vxw~nxo^x hy ik igrïqwri ky bwd sui <ty<fy<t puils imátr hortn ny bñbr Dw<nw is<g bihblpur ko llkwrqy hue khw, ''Dw<nw is<g qum bolqw Qww ik jiqy-ji bñbr Dw<nw is<g ko koe~ nhi< pkv skqw[ Ab kysw hwl hy? qum jiqy BI ho AOr igrïqwr BI ho['' Xh qwnw mwr kr imátr hortn ikl-iklw kr h<s pvw[ bñbr s. Dw<nw is<g gu{ kw is#k-- is<g-swyr Qww[ asny grjqi Awvwjæ my< 'boly so inhwl, sq I Akwl' kw jxkwrw lgwxw AOr Ek hi Jtky my< hqwkvi qov dur Py <k di qqww ApnI kmr ky swqw b<dwy hue bm ko dwg kr sui <ty<fy<t puils AOr asky 11 swqwi puils vwlo< ko tukvy-tukvy kr idxw[ esi dorwn vh Kud BI SwhId ho gxw[ Ek Gtnw ky dorwn bwbu s<qw is<g CotI hirao< ny srkwr ky cwtukwr AOr Kwlsw p<qw ky g wr jyldwr ibswn is<h, jo ik bwbu s<qw is<g ki Apy@ww kd-kwt AOr qwkq my< dogunw Qww, ko kpurqwlw ky mhwrwjw ki lvki ki SwwdI sy lotqy smx rwáqy my< Gyr kr hoiswxwr hony ky ile llkwrw AOr Ek hi bwr my< askw kwm qmwm kr idxw[ Ek ANX Gtnw my< mukbri ky AwDwwr pr puils AOr POj ki sw<ji BwrI Pos~ ny gw<v m<fyr my< bñbr virawm is<g Dwu^gw, bñbr juawlw is<g Pqyhpur koti AOr bñbr b<qw is<g DwwmIAw< ko Gyr ilxw[ s$æq mukwblw huaw[ jb puils bñbro< kw nukswn krny sy bybs ho ge~ qo as ipr<gi ki sw<ji sur@ww tukvi ny as mkwn ko hi Ai^n-By<t kr idxw ijsky kwrxw bñbr juawlw is<g AOr bñbr b<qw is<g DwwmIAw< SwhId ho ge[ bñbr virawm is<g DwuMmw bc inkly jo AwjæwdI ky s<g w~ my< jujqy hue qin mhiny bwd puils ky swqw hue Ek l<by mukwbly ky dorwn SwhId ho ge[ 27 PrvrI, 1926 e~. ko A<gRyj srkwr ny bñbr n<d is<g GiVAwl, bñbr bwbu s<qw is<g CotI hirao<, bñbr dlip is<g DwwmIAw< AOr bñbr Dwrm is<g ihawqpur ko ky<«ix jyl

15 gurmiq zwn 17 my< Pw<sI ky q$æqy pr ltkw idxw[ bñbr AkwlI lhr ky dorwn EysI Anyk GtnwE< hue~<[ Ek dj~n sy AiDwk bñbro< ko Pw<sI di ge~[ Ek ANX Gtnw 12 julwe~, 1932 e~. ki hy, jb Ek g wr ki mukbri ky kwrxw bñbr rqn is<g rkv ko asky icpny ky itkwny my< puils ny Gyr ilxw[ koe~ cwrw n clqw dykkr puils ny mkwn ko hi Awg lgw di[ bñbr rqn is<g rkv ny divwr PwV kr bwhr Awkr puils ky swqw mukwblw ikxw AOr Swhwdq kw jwm pi ilxw[ 60 sy AiDwk bñbro< ko A<fmwn ki jyl my< kyd kr idxw gxw AOr 100 sy AiDwk ko Alg-Alg smx ki s$æq kyd ki sjæw sunwkr jylo< my< b<d kr idxw[ bñbr sy mukibr bny AnUp is<h kw kwm qmwm krny ky kwrxw zwni guridá is<g ko 19 me~, 1939 e~. ko ky<«ix jyl mulqwn my< Pw<sI pr ltkw idxw gxw[ askw swqwi bñbr krqwr is<g kwpi smx qk BgOVw rhw AOr s<swrpur ky qyjw is<h ny enwm ky lwlc ky kwrxw asy igrïqwr krvw idxw[ bñbr krqwr is<g ko BI 10 Agáq, 1939 e~. ko Pw<sI pr ltkw idxw gxw[ aski Xwd my< nkodr-jl<dwr rof pr XwdgwrI gyt bnwxw gxw, ijsky kwrxw jl<dwr-duawb ap@wyz, kuc ignqi ky cwtukwro< ko CoV kr, puri qrh sy bñbro< kw ihmwxqi bn gxw[ qkribn mhiny A<gR yjo< ky nhi<, bñbro< ky qhq rhw[ en g<bir hwlwqo< ki ccw~ bqw~nvi pwil~xwmy<t my< BI hue~[ nvw< Swhr ky smip ky gw<v dolqpur AOr jl<dwr-huiswxwrpur rof pr iáqwq gw<v Kud~pur my< en bñbro< ny BUimgq kwxw~lx BI bnwe hue Qwy, ijnki inswwinxw< Awj BI en gw<vo< my< mojud hy<[ bñbro< ki ipr<igxo< ky Swwsn my< eqni dhswq QwI ik ke~-ke~ idn phly if<forw iptvw kr qwriky< inxq kr Xy bñbr gw<vo< my< bvi kwn y<sy< krqy Qwy[ iksi srkwri AiDwkwrI Xw puils Swwsn ki anko pkvny ki jur~q nhi< hoqi QwI[ ijqny BI bñbr SwhId hue vy mukibro< ªwrw ki ge~ mukbri ky kwrxw hi DwoKy sy SwhId ike ge[ Awmny-swmny qo puils inhëqwy bñbro< kw mukwblw krny sy BI frqi QwI[ B#q kbir ji ki bwxwi ki Xy p<i#qxw< enky hoto< pr hmysww rhqi QwI< : --surw so pihcwniey ju lry din ky hyq ] purjw purjw kit mry kbhu n CwfY Kyqu ] (pºw 1105) --kbir ijsu mrny qy jgu fry myry min Awn<du ] mrny hi qy pwe~ey purnu prmwn<du ] (pºw 1365) bñbr AkwlI lhr ky dorwn Anyk is<go< ki Swhwdqy< hue~[ kuc bñbr AkwlI Xo w POj, GuVsvwr puils AOr pydl puils ky swqw Awmny-swmny mukwbly my< SwhId hue[ kuc mukbirxo< ky kwrxw soe hue Xw inhëqwy igrïqwr ike jwny ky bwd ApnI kmr ky swqw b<dwy bmo< ko clw kr ke~-ke~ dusmno< ko mwr kr Kud BI SwhId ho ge[ lgbg 143 bñbr lwhor ky syswn jj ki kchri my< Alg-Alg qin mwmlo< my< Pw<sI ki sjæw hony ky kwrxw Pw<sI pr cfæqy hue dysw-bi#q AOr Swhwdq ki Bwvnw, DwYX~ Ev< d Fæqw ky swqw SwhId ho ge[ lwhor ky EfISwnl syswn jj jy. ky. Em. tîp AOr Es. Es. hyriswn ki qrp sy ky<«ix jyl lwhor my< muk mo< ki

16 gurmiq zwn 18 sunvwe~ 15 Agáq, 1923 e~. ko Swu} ki ge~[ en Adwlqo< my< phlw bñbr AkwlI swijsw kys 23 mwc~, 1921 e~. sy 21 me~, 1921 e~., dusrw bñbr AkwlI swijsw kys 1924 e~. AOr qisrw bñbr AkwlI swijsw kys 1925 e~. clwe ge[ es dorwn cwtukwr g wro<, vwdw mwp srkwri gvwho< ki gvwihxo< AOr ipr<gi rwèx ki niiqxo< Ev< nixq ky Anuswr en mwmlo< my< bñbro< ko Pw<sI ki sjæw sunwe~ ge~, ijsko jylo< my< AmlI jwmw phnwxw gxw AOr kuc ko Alg-Alg Arsy ky ile kyd ki sjæw di ge~[ cwtukwr g wr krm is<h m<nxwhwxww, jo mukbirxo< ky kwrxw enwm ky }p my< bvi jwgiry< wîq krky EySw ki ijæ<dgi ÛXqIq kr rhw Qww, ko s. AjYb is<g gw<v qlv<fi Kud~ ijælw luidwxwnw AOr s. ic<qw is<g, gw<v F<FolI qhsil PgvwVw, ijælw kpurqwlw ny qwrik ko asky ike ki sjæw dykr asy pwr bulw idxw[ bwd my< jgºwqw syswn jj jl<dwr ky hu#m ky Anuswr en dono< bñbro< ko qwrik ko Pw<sI pr ltkw idxw gxw[ Eyiqhwisk AOr ivl@wxw bwq Xh hy ik iksi BI bñbr AkwlI ny Apny bcwv ky ile n qo A<gRyj srkwr sy koe~ irxwxq mw<gi, n hi iksi mw<gi AOr n hi Apny bcwv ky ile koe~ JUTw XËn ikxw, biøk sbny puri idlyri, infrqw AOr grjæqi Awvwjæ my< Apny Awp ko A<gRyjæ srkwr kw dusmn n<br Ek khqy hue pury josw v jæor ky swqw khw ik vy A<gRyjo< ko Apny dysw ki muk s DwrqI sy Bgwnw cwhqy hy<[ jo kuc anho<ny ikxw hy vh purw socsmj kr Apny dysw, kom AOr Dwm~ ky ile, Apny Pjæ~-E-AÛvl ko inbwqy hue ikxw hy, ijsky ile anko koe~ pscwqwp nhi< hy, biøk puri qsøli AOr KuSwI hy ik vy jæwilm A<gRyj srkwr ky swqw Awmny-swmny hokr tkrw sky[ Amr SwhId bñbr ikswn is<g gvgèj kw syswn Adwlq my< idxw bxwn Qww-- ''my< Apny erwdy pr d Fæ hu<[ my<ny A<gRyj srkwr ko Bwrq my< sy inkwlny ky ile sb kuc puri smj AOr ivcwr krny ky bwd ikxw hy[ my< kwly AOr ktor idl vwli gori srkwr kw kær SwZu hu<[ my< A<gRyj srkwr sy koe~ irxwxq nhi< cwhqw[ my<ny jo kuc ikxw vh ávikwr krqw hu<['' ''my<ny gori srkwr ko smwîq krny ky ile jnqw ko qyxwr krny hyqu 527 kwn y<so< ko s<boidwq ikxw hy['' ankw Xh bxwn Ek jiq-jwgqi imswl hy[ es kwr sbi bñbr AkwlI Kud BI Amr SwhId ho ge AOr eiqhws ko BI sdyv kwl ky ile Amr bnw ge, jo hmysww hmwri Awny vwli piifæxo< ky ile roswn minwr AOr sçci dysw-bi#q, Dwm~ áqi AOr Dwm~ pr sy mr-imtny ky jèæby kw kbi n KËm hony vwlw B<fwr bn ge[ gu{-vw#x hy : jykw{ kiao DwrmIAw kw pwpi ka f<fu diaoe ] (pºw 89) a#q s<i@wîq ccw~ ky pscwq my< smjqw hu< ik hmy< ApnI Awj ki iáqwiq AOr hwlwq ky bwry my< AvSX hi sucyq honw hogw[ ApnI Awj ki nojvwn pifæi, jo n^nvwd, nswo<, knxw BRUxw-hËXw, ASlIlqw AOr piqqpn ky kicv my< es smx buri qrh sy P<sI hue~ hy, ko s<bwlny ky ile jæ}ri hy ik anko Apny Swwndwr AOr byimswl ivrsy, gurmiq ky inrwly v ivl@wxw inxmo< Ev< is#k eiqhws sy piricq krvwxw jwe[

17 < < < gurmiq zwn 19 AwSww kw Kr surj : I gu{ gr<qw swihb mn my< AwSww n ho qo jivn kitn ho jwqw hy[ AwSww jivn ko vwhmwn bnwxy rkqi hy[ ivsvws esy shj AOr ápuq~ bnwny my< shwxk hoqw hy[ moh-mwxw sy Bry s<swr my sc ki rwh cunni Aiq kitn hy[ mwg~ Btk jwny sy mnu X kitnwexo< my < igr jwqw hy AOr jivn ky a ysx sy dur ho jwqw hy[ s<swr my ke~ mhwpu{ w hue ijnho<ny sc ki rwh idkwe~[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki bwxwi ki mhwnqw hy ik jhw< vh mn ko sc ky kwsw sy kwiswq krqi hy vhi< AwSww AOr ivsvws kw Bwv BI jgwqi hy qwik bvy sy bvy s<kt my < BI mnu X ivcilq n ho; prmwëmw ki rwh pr clqw rhy[ smwj kw Ek vg~ moh-mwxw, ivkwro< Awid sy bcny ky bhwny bnwkr Gr, pirvwr, smwj kw pirëxwg krqw rhw; Apny SwrIr, e<i«xo< pr ktor inx<zxw lgwqw rhw qwik aski swdwnw B<g n ho sky[ g háqw jivn ko Dwm~ ki rwh my < bvy AvroDw ky }p my < dykw jwqw rhw[ is#k gu{ swihbwn ny khw ik do w g háqw jivn my < nhi< mnu X ki d i t my< hy[ prmwëmw ko pwny ky ile khi< bwhr jwny ki AwvSXkqw nhi< hy[ vh qo mn my < bs rhw hy[ assy myl aski dxw AOr pw pr hi inb~r hy[ prmwëmw ki pw pwnw shj hy AOr aski pw jivn ko s<vwrny vwli hy : gurmuik nwmu idwawe~ey mnmuik buj n pwe ] gurmuik sdw muk jly hir visaw min Awe ] *e~-1716, rwjwji purm, lkn , Pon: fw. sëxy<«pwl is<g* shjy hi suku pwe~ey shjy rhy smwe ] (pºw 66) Bi#q ki ivibº DwwrwE< hy<[ gurbwxwi my nwm-ismrn ko sbsy açc áqwwn idxw gxw hy jo e~svr-awrwdwnw kw sbsy srl F<g hy[ I gu{ Amrdws ji ny apro#q vcn my < khw ik siqgu{ kw Anusrxw krny vwly hi prmwëmw kw nwm jpqy hy < AOr asky rháx ko jwn lyqy hy <[ ANX logo< ky ile prmwëmw AbUJ hi bnw rhqw hy AQww~q` vy asky sçcy áv}p ko dyk nhi< pwqy[ siqgu{ ky hu#m ko mwnny vwlo< ky mn my < prmwëmw kt hoqw hy AOr ankw jivn Awn<d sy Br jwqw hy[ prmwëmw kw nwm jpqy-jpqy Xh ivámxkwri Gtnw eqny shj }p my< Gt jwqi hy ik AwScX~ hoqw hy[ I gu{ Amrdws ji ny PrmwXw ik esmy < koe~ s<dyh nhi< hy-- ''gurmuik sdw muk jly... ]'' jo es mwg~ pr clygw asy áqwwxi Pl wîq hogw, jo n kbi km hony vwlw hy AOr n kbi nwsw hony vwlw hy[ hr piriáqwiq my<, hr dsww my < AOr iksi BI kwl my < prmwëmw sdw inkt rhny vwlw hy[ mn my < Eysw ivsvws ho qo Ad`Buq AváQww bnqi hy[ prmwëmw kw nwm-ismrn krny vwlw es ivsvws ky swqw 'nwm' jpqw hy ik asky ªwrw ike ge jnmo<jnmo< ky pwpo< kw nwsw ho rhw hy AOr swri ic<qwxy < dur ho rhi hy < : ismrq suawmi iklivk nwsy ] suk shj Awn<d invwsy ]1]

18 < gurmiq zwn 20 rwm jnw ka rwm Brosw ] nwmu jpq sbu imitao A<dysw ] (pºw 194) gurbwxwi ivsvws kw mjæbuq AwDwwr qyxwr krqi hy[ mnu X sbsy AiDwk piivq Apny an pwp-kmo< ~ sy hy jo aski rwh ko muiskl bnw rhy hy < AOr ijnkw d<f Bogny kw BX asy inr<qr sqw rhw hy[ gurbwxwi ky mwg~ pr clqy hi vh BX imtny lgqw hy[ Xh Eysw mwg~ hy ijs pr clny sy prmwëmw ike hue pwp krqw hi hy Awgy BI pwpo< sy bcw lyqw hy[ mn my < Xh ivsvws d Fæ ho jwqw hy ik prmwëmw kw nwm-ismrn hi duko< sy abrny kw EkmwZ apwx hy[ esi my < jivn kw a wr hy[ I gu{ Arjn dyv ji ny khw ik gu{ kw vcn sdyv sëx hy AOr Pl dyny vwlw hy : gur kw bcnu Atl ACyd ] gur ky bcin kty BRm Byd ] gur kw bcnu kqhu n jwe ] gur ky bcin hir ky guxw gwe ] (pºw 177) gurbwxwi jivn ko sçci idsww dyny vwli hy[ gurbwxwi kw Ek-Ek SwÑd apxogi hy jo kbi ÛXQw~ nhi< jwny vwlw hy[ puri bwxwi mwixwk hy[ s<swr my < bhuq-sy dsw~n hy < ijnki kitn ÛXw$Xw pfæ kr mnu X BRimq ho jwqw hy[ swmwnx bui ky mnu X ko EysI g<bir bwqy wx: smj my < nhi< AwqI hy<[ bvy açc koit ky ivªwn hi asky mm~ qk phu<c pwqy hy<[ I gu{ gr <Qw swihb ki bwxwi hr mnu X ky ile subodw AOr sugmx hy[ essy swry BRm smwîq ho jwqy hy <, koe~ duivdww nhi< rhqi[ Xh ivswy wqw BI mn my < AwSww AOr ivsvws jgwny vwli hy ik mnu X ny jo mwg~ ApnwXw hy vh prmwëmw sy jovny vwlw hy[ ijsny prmwëmw ko Apnw ávwmi mwn ilxw asky jivn my < Awn<d hi Awn<d ÛXwÎq ho jwqw hy[ asy iksi BI qrh ki koe~ kmi nhi< rhqi : jw ka rwm Bqw{ qw ky Andu Gxww ] sukv<qi sw nwir sobw puir bxww ] mwxwu mhqu kilawxwu hir jsu s<ig surjnu so BU ] srb isidw nv inidw iqqu igrih nhi nw sbu kcu ] (pºw 457) prmwëmw ko ivibº Dwm~-dSw~no< ny Alg- Alg }po< my< icinhq ikxw AOr asy pwny ky ile ikqny hi F<g bqwxy jo kitn, ktor AOr inm~m Qwy[ en pr cl pwnw Awswn nhi< Qww, esile log phly sy hi hwr mwn lyqy AOr inrwsw ho jwqy[ esi ky clqy Dwm~ km~kw<fo< AOr pwk<f sy igr gxw[ iksi ny prmwëmw ko swqvy< Awsmwn pr rhny vwlw bqwxw qo iksi ny asy iksi <cy pv~q pr invws krny vwlw AQwvw iksi Kws idsww my< apiáqwq khw[ EysI jgho< pr phu<cnw hr iksi ky vsw kw nhi< Qww[ logo< ny mwn ilxw ik duk Bogqy rhnw hi anky Bw^X my< hy[ gu{ swihb ny es imqwk ko qovqy hue ivsvws idlwxw ik prmwëmw ko pwny ky ile AOr kuc nhi<, bs, mn ki Bwvnw cwihe[ gu{ swihbwn ny khw ik asy mn my< Dwwrxw krny sy hi dxwlu Bu sy inktqw áqwwipq ho jwqi hy[ ivvwihqw nwri jb mn sy iksi ko Apnw piq ávikwr krqi hy qbi asy piqsuk imlqw hy[ vysw hi s<b<dw prmwëmw AOr mnu X ky mdx kw hy[ mnu X lwk km~kw<f kr ly, pujw-v<dnw kr ly, jb qk prmwëmw ky iq asky mn my< ym AOr w nhi< jwg q hoqi, bic ki duri bni rhygi[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki yrxww prmwëmw ko mn my< Dwwrxw krny ki hy[ mn sy prmwëmw ko

19 < < gurmiq zwn 21 Apnw ávwmi mwnqy hi aski CZ-CwXw kw suk imlny lgqw hy[ Apny piq ky ym my< rmi hue~ nwri ko ivsvws hoqw hy ik askw piq as pr koe~ s<kt nhi< Awny dygw AOr aski JolI sdw Awn<d sy Br dygw[ EysI hi AwSww AOr ivsvws gurbwxwi guris#k ky mn my< aëpº krqi hy[ guris#k ko ivsvws hy ik prmwëmw aski swri kwmnwe< puri krygw[ vh Apny Awp ko puxw~ }p sy prmwëmw pr Awi q kr dyqw hy : qyri tyk rhw kil mwih ] qyri tyk qyry guxw gwih ] qyri tyk n pohy kwlu ] qyri tyk ibnsy j<jwlu ]1] din duniaw qyri tyk ] sb mih rivaw swihbu Ek ] (pºw 1147) pwp, Anwcwr sy Bry kilxug my < mwz prmwëmw ky Awsry hi rhw jw skqw hy, ANX koe~ Xui#q nhi< hy[ prmwëmw ki Bi#q BI aski pw ky ibnw s<bv nhi< hy[ guris#k prmwëmw pr ivsvws AOr AwSww sy hi asky mwg~ pr clqw hy[ asy ivsvws hy ik prmwëmw kw Awsrw ho qo kwl kw BX BI jwqw rhqw hy[ vh jwnqw hy ik prmwëmw asy sbi s<kto< sy bcw lygw #Xo<ik swrw s<swr hi asky hu#m my cl rhw hy AOr vh sv~z ÛXwÎq hy[ guris#k ky mn my < AwSww hy ik prmwëmw pr Apny ivsvws ko itkw kr asy Awn<d imlny vwlw hy AOr vh prmwëmw ki Bi#q ky Xo^X bnygw[ vh jwn jwqw hy ik prmwëmw hi suko< kw swgr hy AOr BX sy mu#q krny vwlw hy[ vy swry log Awn<d my < ji rhy hy < ijnho<ny prmwëmw ko mn my bsw ilxw hy[ es qrh gurbwxwi guris#k ky mn ki Bwvnw ko Ek ÛXwpk Bwvnw sy jovqi hy[ guris#k ki Bwvnw swv~boimk Bwvnw kw ihásw bn jwqi hy[ guris#k kw prmwëmw hi nhi<, aski bnwe~ swri s i t sy s<b<dw áqwwipq ho jwqw hy; mn AwSváq hokr shj ho jwqw hy[ aski AwSww, mn ki swri AwSw<kwAo< kw nwsw kr dyqi hy[ mn aølws ky r<g my < srwbor ho jwqw hy : shij smweao gurih bqweao r<ig r<gi myry qn ki coli ] i A muik lwgo ja vfbwgo suhwgu hmwro kqhu n foli ]1] }p n DwUp n g<dw n dipw Aoiq poiq A<g A<g s<ig mali ] khu nwnk i A rvi suhwgin Aiq niki myri bni KtolI ] (pºw 822) apro#q vcn I gu{ Arjn dyv ji ky hy <[ gu{ swihb ny khw hy ik prmwëmw kw nwm mhwnqm AOr Anmol hy[ vh wxwo< sy AiDwk ÎXwrw AOr c<cl mn ko Thrwny vwlw hy[ aski Iiq qn-mn r<g dyny vwli hy[ aski Iiq mn my < shj hi smw jwny vwli hy[ prmwëmw sy Iiq bvy Bw^X sy imlqi hy[ mnu X ki suk ki AváQww sdw hi bni rhqi hy[ es Iiq ko pydw krny ky ile iksi bwhri Awf<br, km~kw<f ki AwvSXkqw nhi< hoqi[ guris#k kw A<g-A<g Apny Awp hi PuØlqw my < Aw jwqw hy[ essy AËX<q su <dr AváQww bnqi hy[ Xh AváQww bny AOr sdw bni rhy esky ile gurbwxwi Ardws ( wqw~nw) kw mwg~ idkwqi hy[ gu{ swihbwn ny Ardws kw bvw mhäv bqwxw[ Xh prmwëmw sy mw<g BI hy, s<vwd BI hy AOr AwBwr BI hy[ ib@wuk bs, mw<gnw jwnqw hy[ ijzwsu ky pws Sn hoqy hy < AOr s<q Îq mnu X AwBwr kt krnw Apnw ká~ûx smjqw hy[ guris#k ki Xwcnw Ek dws ki Apny ávwmi sy Xwcnw hy, #Xo<ik vh khi< AOr Xwcnw nhi< krny

20 gurmiq zwn 22 jwegw[ asky Sn pw pwny ky ile hy <, #Xo<ik esi my < vh Apnw køxwxw dykqw hy[ guris#k kw AwBwr lyn-dyn kw nhi< es bwq kw hy ik ijs hwl my < BI prmwëmw rk rhw hy vh asi my < sº hy[ guris#k jwnqw hy ik askw ávwmi prmwëmw sbi ki suidw lyny vwlw hy[ prmwëmw hi eçcwpurk hy[ suk dyny vwlw vhi hy[ gurbwxwi guris#k ko EysI mhwswi#q sy jovqi hy jhw< inrwsww kw koe~ áqwwn hi nhi< hy : due kr joiv kri byn<qi Twku{ Apnw idwaweaw ] hwqw dye rwky prmysir sglw durqu imtweaw ] Twkur hoe Awip deawl ] Be~ kilawxw Awn<d }p hue~ hy abry bwl gupwl ] (pºw 499) guris#k kw km~ Ardws krnw hy[ prmysvr ávx< aski Ardws ko sunqw hy AOr Awgy Awkr aski r@ww krqw hy qqww asky swry k t dur kr dyqw hy[ vh dxw kw swgr hy AOr dxw krnw askw ávbwv hy[ vh swry jivo< pr dxw kr rhw hy[ aski dxw sy hi mnu X kw jivn spl hoqw hy AOr suk Pl wîq hoqw hy[ prmwëmw vysy hi Apny syvk ki wqw~nw sunqw hy jysy Ek ipqw ApnI s<qwn ki bwq sun kr qëprqw sy aski eçcw puri krny ko at KVw hoqw hy qwik aski s<qwn sº ho jwe[ gurbwxwi essy Ek kdm AOr Awgy ly clqi hy AOr mn my< ivsvws BrqI hy ik prmwëmw qo A<qrXwmI hy[ asy sbi ky sukduk zwq hy<[ asy kuc bqwny ki AwvSXkqw nhi< hy AOr n koe~ ivswy w apwx krny hy< : sib s<jm rhy isawxwpw ] myrw Bu sbu ikcu jwxwdw ] gt qwpu vrqweao sbu loku kry jykw{ jia ] myry guxw Avgn n bicwiraw ] ib Apxww ibrdu smwiraw ] k<it lwe ky rikaonu lgy n qqi vwa jia ] (pºw 72) I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki bwxwi áp t krqi hy ik prmwëmw ki pw pwny ky ile iksi Kws ividw, cqurqw ki AwvSXkqw nhi< hy[ pw krnw AOr sbi ki mxw~dw ki r@ww krnw askw guxw hy[ Xh kwx~ vh bvy hi ym sy krqw hy AQww~q` iksi pr koe~ Ahswn nhi< krqw[ vh eqni sqk~qw sy sbi pr pw krqw hy ik anhy< rqi Br BI duk n ho[ esmy< vh iksi BI kwr kw BydBwv nhi< krqw hy[ asky drbwr my< sbi ko smwn áqwwn wîq hy[ Xh qo mnu X ky mn ki Bwvnw hy ik vh kysy prmwëmw ki Swrxw my< jwqw hy[ qëkwlin vxwo~<, jwiqxo<, s< dwxo<, p<qwo< my< b<ty smwj ky ile Xh mhwn ivcwr Qww[ gu{ swihbwn ny khw ik prmwëmw sbi kw smwn }p sy mddgwr hy[ essy AiDwk AwSwwvwdI dsw~n AOr #Xw ho skqw Qww? I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki bwxwi Awj ky Xug my< esile BI svw~idwk ws<igk hy #Xo<ik mnu X sw<swirk AwvSXkqwAo< ky boj qly dbw huaw hy AOr cwro< Aor inrwsww ky bwdl CwXy hue hy<[ mnu X ko yirq krny ky ile bvi-bvi puáqky </gr <Qw ilky jw rhy hy <[ oëswhn Ek ivzwn bnqw jw rhw hy[ ikqny hi lykk AOr v#qw hy < jo ik lwko< {pe BRm pydw krky kmw rhy hy <[ Xh dubw~^x hy[ s<swr ky swmny I gu{ gr <Qw swihb ki bwxwi hi EkmwZ aplñdw indwn hy inrwsw AOr Btky hue mno< my < AwSww kw s<cwr krny Ev< sc ki rwh pr cl kr jivn is krny kw[

21 gurmiq zwn 23 I gu{ gr<qw swihb ko Akwl purk prmwëmw kw AwlOikk kwsw AOr idûx áv}p mwnw jwqw hy[ esmy< ivsv ky krovo< log AwáQww v sçci w rkqy hy<[ eskw ²dX v AwËmw sy Awdr-sMmwn krqy hy<[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb is#ko< ky siqgu{ hy< AOr enmy< dj~ swri bwxwi elwhi hy, idûx hy[ Xh AwDXwiËmk zwn ky kwsw kw, ivsvws kw swgr hy; mui#q dwqw hy; køxwxw krny vwlw hy; sçcw mwg~dsw~k AOr Sww<iq dwqw hy; prm propkwri hy[ gurbwxwi swri mwnvqw ko AwDXwiËmkqw, sd`bwvnw, ym, Bwe~cwry, sc, NXwX, Dwm~, propkwr, dxw, sih xwuqw, kubw~ni, smp~xw, syvw, ismrn, ikrq ( m), e~mwndwri, nyiqkqw, sdwcwr kw apdysw d Fæ krvwqi hy[ vixw~q en sbi guxwo< ko Dwwrxw kr koe~ BI ÛXi#q ( wxwi) jivn ky vwáqivk a ysx ko wîq kr skqw hy[ gurbwxwi kw eqnw bvw v ÛXwpk mhäv hy ik Xh s<puxw~ s<swr ko EkwËmw v ÎXwr ky suz my< iproqi hy; ËXyk wxwi ko prmwëmw kw A<Sw hony kw Ehsws krvwqi hy; prm (idûx) Awn<d ki AnuBUiq krvwqi hy[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb ky s<pwdn kw pivz kwx~ p<cm pwqswwh I gu{ Arjn dyv ji ny I Am qsr iáqwq gu{ªwrw I rwmsr swihb ky áqwwn pr ikxw AOr is#k p<qw ky mhwn` I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki mhwnqw -fw. kswmir is<g 'nur'* ivªwn Bwe~ gurdws ji sy gurbwxwi ky lykn ki syvw krvwe~[ Xh pivz kwx~ s<puxw~ hony ky bwd I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki pwvn biv (áv}p) ko s<vq` 1661 my < I hirm<dr swihb my< lwkr kwswmwn ikxw gxw[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb ky pwvn áv}p my< nvm` pwqswwh I gu{ qyg bhwdr swihb ki bwxwi dj~ kr dswmysw ipqw I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ny esy s<puxw~qw bi$æswsw ki[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki s<puxw~qw kw kwx~ qlv<fi swbo (bit<fw) my< suswoibq q$æq I dmdmw swihb ky áqwwn pr huaw[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb Ek Eysw AiªqIX, sv~ y T, aëk t gr<qw hy, jo sbi wixwxo< kw sw<jw gr<qw hy AOr sbi wxwi gurbwxwi ko pfækr, vxw kr Apnw jivn spl kr skqy hy<; jivn ky my< I gu{ gr<qw swihb sy yrxww, jw~, aëswh, AwgvwnI, hoslw, ihmmq hwisl kr skqy hy<[ eskw pivz apdysw Ev< s<dysw cwro< vxwo~< ky køxwxw AOr a wr ky ile hy[ I gu{ Arjn dyv ji Prmwn krqy hy< : KZI brwhmxw sud vys apdysu chu vrnw ka swjw ] (pºw 747) I gu{ gr<qw swihb my< stik, Tos qqww qk~puxw~ is w<q pysw ike ge hy<[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb idûx zwn ky sux~ ky }p my< s i t my< kwswmwn hy[ eski AwBw v cmk sdyv *bi-e#s 925, mohølw s<qokpurw, hoiswxwrpur rof, jl<dwr , Pon :

22 gurmiq zwn 24 kwxm rhny vwli hy[ AwDXwiËmk zwn AOr mhwn` dsw~n (PlsPw) kw kwiswq v Awloikq Xh sux~ hmysww ky ile jg ko AwgvwnI ki roswni dyny ky smqw~ hy[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb my< dj~ bwxwi duikxo< ky duk dur krny vwli hy; Sw<kwE< v duivdwwe< imtwny vwli hy, logo< ky BX imtwkr anhy< inb~x bnwny vwli hy; swdgipuxw~ jivn ÛXqIq krny ki yrxww dyny vwli hy; s<puxw~ s<swr my< Ekqw, Bwe~cwrw, Amn, Sww<iq áqwwipq krny vwli hy[ gurbwxwi sçcy zwn kw bhuq bvw swgr hy[ Xh Azwn }pi A<Dwyry ko imtwny vwli hy[ vwáqv my< sçcw zwn wîq krny vwly mnu X hi vwáqivk m<ijæl qk phu<c skqy hy<[ AzwnI ÛXi#q edwr-adwr Tokry< Kwqy hue Btkqy rhqy hy<[ vy BRm-jwl my< P<skr Apnw jivn ÛXQw~ g<vw lyqy hy<[ zwn wîq krny hyqu I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki bwxwi kw shwrw lynw Aiq AwvSXk hy : gurbwxwi esu jg mih cwnxwu krim vsy min AwE ] (pºw 67) sn` 1708 e~. my< dswmysw ipqw I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ny hjur swihb (nw<dyv) my< ÈXoiq-joq smwny sy phly Biv X ky ile dyhdwwri gu{ ki pr<prw ko hmysww ky ile smwîq krqy hue is#ko< ko Swbd gu{ I gu{ gr<qw swihb my< puxw~ AwáQww rkny kw AwdySw idxw Qww : AwigAw Be~ Akwl ki, qby clwxo p<qw[ sb iskn ko hukm hy, gu{ mwinao gr<qw[ (p<qw kwsw, zwni igawn is<g) I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ny hi Swbd gu{ ki ivcwrdwwrw kw SwuBwr<B kr idxw Qww[ anho<ny ''sbdu gu} suriq Dwuin cylw'' kw açcwrxw kr 'Swbd-gu{' s<áqww ki ni<v rki QwI[ 'Swbd-gu{' ki mihmw kw vxw~n coqwy pwqswwh I gu{ rwmdws ji BI pwvn bwxwi my< es kwr krqy hy< : bwxwi gu} gu} hy bwxwi ivic bwxwi A<imRqu swry ] gu{ bwxwi khy syvku jnu mwny prqik gu} insqwry ] (pºw 982) gu{-gr my< 'Swbd gu{' kw Awdr-sMmwn krnw prmysvr kw Awdr-sMmwn krny ky smwn hy[ gu{ AOr prmysvr smwn hy<[ BwvwQw~ Ek hi hy[ dono< my< koe~ Byd nhi< hy[ gu{ AOr prmysvr ki pdvi gurmiq my< smwn Ev< smmwnnix hy : --gu{ prmys{ Eko jwxwu ] (pºw 864) --pwrbrhm gur nwhi Byd ] (pºw 1142) gurbwxwi pfæny-sunny sy jhw< mn pr jmi Anyk jnmo< ky pwpo< ki myl Dwul jwqi hy, vhi< mn ki ËXyk ic<qw BI imt jwqi hy[ Xh bwxwi Akwl purk prm ipqw prmwëmw ki bwxwi hy, jo hryk wxwi ki ic<qwao< ko imtw skqi hy[ p<cm pwqswwh I gu{ Arjn dyv ji ny I gu{ gr<qw swihb kw s<pwdn kr qqww swihby-kmwl I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ny I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki s<puxw~qw kw kwx~ kr hm sb wixwxo< pr bhuq bvw apkwr ikxw hy[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb kw Qwm kwsw idvs v s<puxw~qw idvs puri AwáQww v w ky swqw mnwxw jwqw hy[

23 gurmiq zwn 25 I gu{ gr<qw swihb I gu{ gr<qw swihb ivsv Br ky is#k smudwx ky ile kyvl mwg~dsw~n v AwáQww kw ky<«hi nhi< qikwëmk }p sy Akwl purk prm ipqw prmwëmw kw iqinidw }p BI hy<[ Xh pwvn gr<qw is#k s< dwx ki AwáQww, Swi#q AOr AwDXwiËmk aëk w~ ko sqq` s<cwilq v yirq krqw hy[ is#k s< dwx ky p<cm gu{ I gu{ Arjn dyv ji ny sqq` pir m ªwrw gurmuki ilip my< esy s<kilq v s<pwidq kr AwgwmI piifæxo< ky ile mwg~ Swáq ikxw[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb my< C: gu{ swihbwn ky Alwvw p<«h B#q swihbwn, ^Xwrh BÆ swihbwn qqww Bu- ym my< r<gy gu{-gr ky cwr guris#ko< ki bwxwi Swwiml hy[ sn` 1604 e~. my< I gu{ Arjn dyv ji ªwrw s<pwidq es mhwn` gr<qw my< pw<c gu{ swihbwn ki bwxwi s<kilq QwI[ kwlw<qr my< dswmysw ipqw I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ny es yx gr<qw my< novy< gu{ qqww Apny puèx ipqw I gu{ qyg bhwdr swihb ki bwxwi ko BI simmilq kr idxw[ 1708 e~. my< I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ny I gu{ gr<qw swihb ko AiDwkwirk }p sy gu{ Goi wq ikxw : AwigAw Be~ Akwl ki qby clwxo p<qw[ sb is#kn ko hukm hy gu} mwinao gr<qw[ (p<qw kwsw, zwni igawn is<g) sw@wwq gu{ mwnkr esky iq puxw~ w -fw. ikswori lwl ÛXws* v ivsvws ÛX#q kr essy mwg~dsw~n lyny ki pr<prw Awr<B hue~[ I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ky bwry my< jwnw jwe qo vy bwxwi rcixqw ky swqw-swqw qyjávi, durd tw, s<gtnkáw~ Xugpu{ w Qwy[ Dwm~ v dysw ki r@ww ky ile anho<ny Apny cwr supuzo< kw bildwn idxw[ I gu{ goib<d is<g ji gurmuki, s<á q, PwrsI, brj Bw ww Awid ky AÇCy jwnkwr Qwy[ I gu{ Arjn dyv ji ªwrw I gu{ gr<qw swihb kw s<pwdn AËX<q kuswlqwpuv~k ikxw gxw[ s<puxw~ bwxwi 31 rwgo< my< dj~ hy[ rwgo< my< dj~ bwxwi kw wr<b isrirwg sy ikxw gxw hy jo ik rwgo< my< sv~ y T mwnw jwqw hy[ smwiîq BwqI rwg sy ki ge~[ I gu{ qyg bhwdr swihb ki bwxwi simmihq hony ky bwd AwKIrI rwg jyjwv<qi hy[ hr rwg my< phly gu{ swihbwn ki bwxwi, ipr B#q swihbwn ki bwxwi rki ge~ hy[ rwgo< ki ÛXváQww Bwv, iv wx, mn:iáqwiq Ev< smx ky Anuswr ki ge~ hy AQww~q` I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki bwxwi kw gwxn smx v AvsrwnukUl hoqw hy[ I gu{ gr<qw swihb ki bwxwi Bi#q AOr Swi#q ky zwn sy pirpuxw~ hy[ es pwvn gr<qw kw AnuSwIln is#k Ev< gyr-is#k sbi w v Bi#qpUv~k krqy hy<[ *ÏlYt n<. 6, Ñlwk n<. 3, ky<«ix ivhwr, imxw<pur, hydrwbwd Pon :

24 gurmiq zwn 26 gurmiq ky sroq gu{ªwrw swihbwn ky prb<dw ky ile Kwlsw p<qw smx-smx pr j}rq ky Anuswr Dwm~SwwilE, ms<d, mh<q Awid ki s<áqwwe< qqww kmyitxw< bnwqw AwXw hy qqww j}rq ky Anuswr pirvq~n BI krqw rhw hy, ik<qu Kwlsw p<qw ny kbi BI gurmiqivrodwi Swi#qXo< Xw srkwri dkæl ko bdw~sq nhi< ikxw[ gu{ªwro< ki syvw-s<bwl kw kwx~ gu{ swihbwn ky smx sy hi Dwm~SwwilE, ms<d, adwsi, mh<q qqww inm~ly krqy Aw rhy Qwy[ vy sb gu{ swihb ªwrw bqwe~ ge~ rihq mxw~dw pr hi jæor dyqy Qwy[ 1716 e~. sy 1799 e~. qk lgbg sbi gu{ªwro< ki syvw-s<bwl enky hwqwo< my< Aw ge~ QwI[ dusri qrp en gu{ªwrw swihbwn ko is#k Swi#q kw sroq jwnkr Kwlsy ko ensy v<icq krny ki koiswsw BI Swu} sy hi ki jwqi rhi hy[ sv~sw<jivwlqw ky prqik I hirm<dr swihb, I drbwr swihb, I Am qsr ko smx-smx ki srkwry< inswwnw bnwqi rhi hy<[ Swyr-E-p<jwb mhwrwjw rxwjiq is<g ky rwèx-kwl ky smx gu{ªwrw swihb ky inmw~xw ki Aor ivswy w DXwn idxw gxw, ik<qu as smx enkw prb<dw mh<qo<, pujwirxo< Awid ky hwqw my< hi rhw, jo ik gu{ªwrw swihbwn ky sudwwr my< koe~ Kws idlcápi nhi< rkqy Qwy[ gu{ ky bwg kw mocw~ -ismrjiq is<g* 1839 e~. my< mhwrwjw rxwjiq is<g ky Akwl clwny ky bwd p<jwb ki rwjg I prwîq krny hyqu A<DwyrgdI~ mc ge~, kël-ao-gwrq Swu} ho ge~[ en hwlwq ky bwry my< Swwh muhmmd ny ApnI Aw<Ko< sy dykkr ilkw hy : jyhvw bhy g I ahnu< mwr ly<dy, nhi< Ci Aw swdw qy s<q miaw<[ EysI iáqwiq my< is#ki kw prcwr kysy ho skqw Qww? kuc smx bwd A<gyRj BI mugl hwikmo< ki qrh gu{ªwrw swihbwn ko is#k- Swi#q kw ky<dr mwnkr asmy< dkæl<dwjæi krny lgy[ anho<ny mh<qo< ko Apny swqw imlwkr anki qrpdwri krni Swu} kr di[ A<gyRj rwèx ky p<jwb my< áqwwipq hony ky bwd ati Dwwim~k, SwY@wixwk Ev< rwjniiqk lhr<y is#ko< my< bvi jwg iq lwe~< qqww anky ile Xh bdw~sq krnw muiskl Qww ik srkwr Xw srkwr ky mh<q Ev< pujwri anky Dwm~-áQwwno< qqww ANX Aw mo< pr kwibjæ rhy< qqww inji lwb ky ile enkw prxog kry<[ A<gyRjo< ki Swh ky kwrxw gu{ªwro< ky prb<dwk mh<qo<, pujwirxo< my< kuriiqxw< Awe~< qqww A<DwyrgdI~ Swu} ho ge~ ijsky kwrxw rihq my< p#ky qqww sujvwn is<go< ny j}rq mhsus ki ik gu{ªwro< ko Apmwn sy bcwxw jwe[ sbi gu{ªwrw swihbwn mh<qo< ky kñjæy my<y Aw ge Qwy qqww anho<ny ApnI mnmwinxw< krni Swu} kr di QwI<[ I drbwr swihb pr A<gyRjo< ky *ap sicv AOr mu$x s<pwdk, iswromixw gu{ªwrw b<dwk kmyti, I Am qsr

25 gurmiq zwn 27 ipt`tuao< kw kñjæw ho gxw Qww, ijnky ªwrw kwmwgwtwmw} ky SwhIdo< ky iv{ piqq hony kw Prmwn jwri ikxw gxw[ jilxw< vwly bwg ky KUnI swky ky doi wxo< ko I Akwl q$æq swihb sy pujwirxo< ny isropw idxw[ prb<dwko< ny gu{ªwrw swihb ko ApnI inji jwxdwd ky qor pr prxog krnw AOr en pivz áqwwno< ki pivzqw ko B<g krnw Swu} kr idxw[ sujvwn is#ko< ky ile Xh Ek ic<qwjnk iv wx Qww[ anho<ny jgh-jgh jwkr is#ko< ko jwg q krnw Swu} kr idxw[ gu{ªwro< ky prb<dw my< sudwwr krny smb<dwi Ek divwn gw<v DwwrovwlI my< BI ikxw gxw[ gu{ªwro< ky prb<dw my < sudwwr ky ile iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti, I Am qsr 30 ApR Yl, 1921 e~. ko p<jik q krvwe~ ge~ qqww inxm bnny ky bwd eskw nxw cunwv julwe~, 1921 e~. my < ikxw gxw[ cuny hue sdáxo< ki kul s<$xw kw pw<cvw ihásw 14 Agáq ko nwmjæd ikxw gxw qqww smpuxw~ ne~ kmyti ki EkZqw 27 Agáq, 1921 e~. ko hue~[ gu{ªwrw sudwwr kmyti ny bvy aëswh qqww Dwm~-Bwv sy gu{ªwro< ky sudwwr kw kwx~ prwr<b ikxw[ es sudwwr ky kwm my< Anyko< iv%n pvy ijsky kwrxw is#k p<qw ko bhuq kubw~inxw< dyni pvi<[ I drbwr swihb, I qrnqwrn swihb ko is<go< ny BR t mh<qo< sy Awjæwd krvw ilxw Qww, cwhy esky ile anko bhuq s<g w~ krnw pvw qqww Gor XwqnwXy< shn krni pvi<[ mh<qo< sy hue es s<g w~ my< Bwe~ hjæwrw is<g SwhIdI pw ge Qwy[ es Gtnw ko sunkr s<gq dur-dur sy Aw rhi QwI[ Gu#kyvwlI ky gw<v qyvy ky is<g BI jëqwydwr krqwr is<g JÑbr ky pws phu<cy[ I Am qsr sy Ajnwlw ko jwqi svk pr I Am qsr sy iklomitr ki duri pr sy aár-puv~ idsww my< qin iklomitr ki duri pr iáqwq gw<v Gu#kyvwlI (ijælw I Am qsr) my< gu{ªwrw swihb 'gu{ kw bwg' hy[ es áqwwn pr phly p<cm pwqswwh I gu{ Arjn dyv ji ny qqww bwd my< nvm pwqswwh I gu{ qyg bhwdr swihb ny crxw rky[ gu{ªwrw swihb ky pws hi gu{ªwrw swihb ki mlikxq vwli jæmin hy jo iksi smx my< bwg Qww, ijsko 'gu{ kw bwg' khw jwqw hy[ gw<v Gu#kyvwlI sy Awe~ s<gq ny gu{ ky bwg pr kwibjæ mh<q su<dr dws ki krquqy< bqwe~< ik vh Swrwb piny kw AwdI hy qqww asny Ek ivdwvw ázi, jo Swrwb piny ki AwdI hy, ko ibnw An<d kwrj ike Apny Gr my< rkw huaw hy[ aski en nic hrkqo< sy s<gq bhuq pryswwn QwI[ s<gq ny jëqwydwr krqwr is<g JÑbr ko ivnqi ki ik vo mh<q su<dr dws sy gu{ªwrw swihb ko Awjæwd krvwny my< anki mdd kry <[ mh<q Apny durwcrxw ky kwrxw elwky my < bdnwm ho cukw Qww[ s<gq ki mw<g pr jëqwydwr krqwr is<g ki AguAwe~ qly 50 is<go< kw Ek jëqww 31 jnvri, 1921 e~. ko I Am qsr sy qw<gy pr svwr hokr rwjwsw<si phu<c gxw qqww vhw< sy pydl hi Gu#kyvwlI gw<v ki qrp cl pvw[ elwky ky is#ko< ko jëqwy ky Awny ki phly sy hi Kæbr QwI, esile vy Ek idn phly hi phu<c ge Qwy[ rwáqy my< jëqwy ky swqw AOr BI is<g imlqy ge[ is<go< kw Xh jëqww Swwm ko cwr bjy ky lgbg Gu#kyvwlI gw<v phu <c gxw[ cwr-pw<c so ky lgbg s<gq gu{ªwrw swihb

26 gurmiq zwn 28 my< ekt`ti ho ge~ QwI[ mh<q ny BwgdOV Swu} kr di[ asny rwq ko hi Apny AwdmI Byjkr s. Amr is<g Jbwl ko bulw ilxw[ s. Amr is<g Jbwl ny jëqwydwr krqwr is<g JÑbr sy imlkr mh<q ªwrw ki hue~ kuriiqxo< ki assy mwpi m<gvw di qqww Awgy sy swrw kwm gu{-mxw~dw my< rhkr krny kw p#kw vwdw ilkvwkr dy idxw[ mh<q ny ilkkr dy idxw ik my< gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti ky hu#m Anuswr hi gu{ªwrw swihb kw prb<dw k}<gw[ mh<q ko s<gq ny inmnilikq Swqy~< mwnny pr mh<q bny rhny ki Awzw dy di : 1. mh<q iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti ªwrw is#ko< ki nwmjæd kmyti ky ADwIn kwm krygw[ 2. vh Am qdwwri is<g sjygw[ 3. vh iksi Ek ázi sy SwwdI kr skqw hy, pr<qu vh iksi ázi sy nwjwxj smb<dw nhi< rkygw[ s<gq my< sy Ek prb<dwkix kmyti bnwxi gxi qqww swrw prb<dw as kmyti ky supud~ kr idxw gxw[ as kmyti my< Bwe~ dwn is<g vcoaw, s. Amr is<g Jbwl, Bwe~ e<dr is<g rwjiaw<, s. nryxw is<g Gu#kyvwlI, s. g<fw is<g jgdyv, s. Amr is<g KqrwE klw<, Bwe~ Awqmw is<g sih<srw, s. Arjn is<g Boevwl, Bwe~ Bgvwn is<g jásvw< qqww mh<q su<dr dws ko Swwiml ikxw gxw[ Bwe~ dwn is<g vcoaw ko kmyti kw ADX@w qqww Bwe~ e<dr is<g ko sicv inxu#q ikxw gxw[ mh<q ªwrw ilki ge~ ic I iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti ky supud~ kr di ge~[ mh<q ny I Am qsr swihb jwkr K<fy ki pwhul prwîq kr li[ esky bwd askw nwm joig<dr is<g rkw gxw[ asny r#ky gw<v ki jnmi-pli e~swri sy An<d kwrj krvw ilxw, ijskw K<fy ki pwhul lyny ky bwd nwm igawn kor rkw gxw[ mh<q ny PrvrI, 1922 e~. my< iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti sy dobwrw smjoqy ki bwq clwe~[ asny s. qyjw is<g smu<dri, s. bwl is<g Ev< s. gurcrn is<g ªwrw swlsi krny qqww gu{ªwrw gu{ ky bwg kw swrw kñjæw dyny ky bdly 120 {pxy mwisk py<swn qqww irhwxsw ky ile I Am qsr Swhr my< mkwn lynw prvwn krky swrw prb<dw kmyti ko dynw prvwn kr ilxw[ mh<q bhuq cwlwk Qww[ asny ApnI ilki ic I iksi ky mwdxm sy Ek ilipk ko 500 {pxy dykr iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti ky kwxw~lx my< sy cori krvw li qqww gu{ªwrw swihb my< syvw krqy syvwdwro< ky swqw duûx~vhwr krnw Swu} kr idxw[ 8-9 Agáq, 1922 e~. ko l<gr ky ile gu{ ky bwg my< sy lkivxw< lyny ge is<go< sy JgVw bfæ gxw[ puils ny en pw<c is<go< kw clwn kr idxw AOr esky swqw hi gu{ kw bwg kw mocw~ Swu} ho gxw[ mocy~ ky ile is<go< ki BqI~ Swu} ho ge~[ 100 is<go< kw Ek jëqww qyxwr ho gxw jo gu{ªwrw swihb ki Aor cl pvw[ Xh jëqww rwq ko KNny lubwixwxw< ibqwkr jb pws sy gujrqi fyk sy gujrw qo vhw< ky kwly gw<v ky Ek bçcy b<qw is<g ko Acwnk sw<p ny fs ilxw[ jëqwy ky sdáxo< ny asko vwips Byjny ki bhuq koiswsw ki ik<qu vh nhi< mwnw[ muhmmdpur gw<v ky pws phu<ckr vh byhosw ho gxw[ s<gq ny asko esi gw<v my< CoV idxw[ gw<v ki s<gq ny

27 gurmiq zwn 29 aski bhuq syvw ki ijssy vh jødi TIk ho gxw[ cuhvkwxww sy is<go< kw Ek jëqww I Am qsr phu<c gxw ijsny rwiz ko gu{ªwrw bwbw Atl rwx swihb my< Apnw pvwv ikxw[ AglI subh Xh jëqww Bwe~ mwn is<g h<bo vwlw ki jëqwydwri qly gu{ kw bwg ko rvwnw ho gxw, ijsko rwáqy my< hi igrïqwr kr ilxw gxw[ 22 Agáq sy rojæwnw lgbg 100 is<go< kw jëqww I Akwl q$æq swihb sy gu{ kw bwg ko jwnw Swu} ho gxw[ I Am qsr puils kw ifîti suipr<ty<fy<t imátr bi. ti. Qww[ asny Apny swqw kuc APsr qynwq ike hue Qwy[ vy sbi gu{ kw bwg phu<ckr gu{ªwrw swihb ko Gyrw fwlkr KVy ho ge[ Bwdo< ki Amwvs kw idn hony ky kwrxw byswumwr s<gq gu{ªwrw swihb my< I gu{ gr<qw swihb ky dsw~n ko Aw rhi QwI ijsko rwáqy my< rokkr lwitxo< sy buri qrh sy pitw gxw qqww enmy< sy jo byhosw ho ge anko kyswo< sy pkvkr, GsItkr pws lgqy g<dy pwni ky pokr my< Py<k idxw gxw[ srkwr ny mh<q sy imlkr l<gr ky ile lkivxw< lyny ge is<go< pr cori kw kys dj~ kr idxw[ is<g esky ivrodw ky ile hr rojæ lkivxw< kwtny jwqy qo puils anko igrïqwr kr lyqi[ 25 Agáq, 1922 e~. qk is<go< ki ignqi 210 ho ge~ QwI[ is<go< ki ignqi idn-b-idn bfæqi jwqi QwI[ is<go< ky ekt`t ko dykkr srkwr ny AOr s$æqi krny kw mn bnw ilxw[ puils Awpy sy bwhr ho ge~[ bi. ti. ny Ajnwlw ky qhsildwr jæhur-addin qqww ifîti suipr<ty<fy<yt puils lwlw Swwm is<g ko Apny swqw ly ilxw[ puils ny Sww<iq sy byti s<gq ko lwitxo< sy pitnw Swu} kr idxw[ puils ky rvyxy ko dykqy hue iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti ny ji$æmxo< ky elwj ky ile cwr fw#tr-- fw. Bgvwn is<g, fw. prqwp is<g, fw. s<q rwm qqww fw. ikrpw rwm ko Byjw[ 26 Agáq ko pæi vwly bwbw kyhr is<g kw jëqww 36 is<go< sihq lkivxw< kwtny ky ile gxw[ aski puils ny buri qrh mwrpit ki[ imátr bi. ti. ko enky Awny kw pqw clw qo asny bwbw ji ko iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti qqww mh<q ky bic smjoqw krvwny ki ivnqi ki[ bwbw ji ky shmiq dyny pr asny bwbw ji ko qhsildwr qqww mh<q ky swqw I Am qsr jwny ky ile ApnI kwr dy di[ bwbw ji ny Swq~ rk di ik vy Gr sy Ardws krky inkly Qwy ik l<gr ky ile lkivxw< kwtkr hi vwips AwE<gy, esile vy phly Apnw prxw purw kry<gy, ipr khi< AOr jwe<gy[ puils APsr im. bi. ti. ny anko lkivxw< kwtny ki Awzw dy di[ bwbw kyhr is<g Apnw prxw inbwkr anky swqw cl pvy[ I Am qsr phu<ckr en muikxo< ki miit<g hue~[ iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti ªwrw puils ki ÈXwdiqXo< ky iv{ I Akwl q$æq swihb pr miit<g ki ge~[ es miit<g ky bwry my< puils ko pqw cl gxw[ esi idn bwbw kyhr is<g sihq iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti ky 8 mu$x sdáxo< ko igrïqwr kr ilxw[ gu{ ky bwg ky mocy~ my< POjI py<swinxo< kw BI Ek jëqww igrïqwr huaw, ijsky muikxw subydwr Amr is<g gw<v DwwlIvwl, irxwsq kpurqwlw qqww ap-jëqwydwr mwátr

28 gurmiq zwn 30 cqr is<g hvldwr, pltn n<br 19 Qww[ es jëqwy ko nvwb Aslm hxwq Kæwn mijátöyt I Am qsr ªwrw Fwe~-Fwe~ v w~ ki s$æq kyd qqww Ek-Ek so {pxy jumw~ny ki sjæw dy di ge~[ 29 A#qUbr, 1922 e~. ko I Am qsr sy rwq ki gwvi ªwrw POjI jëqwy ko Atk jyl my< Byjny kw prb<dw ikxw gxw[ Xh gwvi guèjrw<vwlw phu<ci[ vhw< ki s<gq ko iksi qrh jëqwy ky jwny ki sucnw iml ge~ QwI[ guèjrw<vwlw átyswn pr Bwe~ AmrIk is<g, fw. mhw< is<g, s. nrwxxw is<g vkil, mwátr Cihbr is<g sihq BwrI ignqi my< s<gq ny jëqwy kw ávwgq ikxw; Pl, imtwe~ qqww ANX ke~ váque< By<t ki<[ ijs gwvi my< POjI is<g Atk ko jw rhy Qwy[ vo ápyswl QwI[ Xh gwvi 30 A#qUbr dophr ky v#q rwvlip<fi phu <c ge~[ guèjrw<vwlw sy hi eski Kæbr I p<jw swihb BI phu<c ge~ QwI[ vhw< s<gq ny gwvi my< jw rhy viro< ko l<gr Ckwny ki Xojnw bnwe~ qqww qyxwri Swu} kr di[ jb kuc muikxw is<go< ny átyswn mwátr sy pucw qo asny khw, ''gwvi Xhw< nhi< {kygi, sidwi Atk jwegi['' Xh sunkr I p<jw swihb ki s<gq ko bhuq inrwsww hue~[ as v#q Bwe~ prqwp is<g Ev< Bwe~ krm is<g ny s<gq ko khw, ''gwvi j}r KVI hogi[ hm Apny viro< (Bwe~) ko l<gr Ckwkr hi Awgy jwny dy<gy['' dono< ny jwn vwrkr viro< ki syvw krny kw mn bnw ilxw[ priqzw bvi kitn QwI[ anho<ny prmysvr ky crxwo< my< Ardws ki ik vy anki priqzw ko purw kry<[ vy s<gq smyq rylvy átyswn I p<jw swihb (hsn AÑdwl) phu<c ge[ rwvlip<fi sy gwvi clkr I p<jw swihb átyswn ky pws phu<c cuki QwI[ átyswn mwátr ny lwe~n #lixr kw eswwrw idxw huaw Qww[ gwvi {kny ki koe~ AwSww nhi< QwI[ Xh dykkr Bwe~ prqwp is<g qqww Bwe~ krm is<g dono< rylvy lwe~n pr lyt ge, AOr BI ke~ is<go< ny XËn ikxw, pr<qu en dono< ny anko rokw[ gwvi ky föwevr ny rylvy lwe~n pr lyty is<go< ko dykkr bhuq ivisl di, pr<qu dono< ny koe~ prvwh n ki[ vy m ËXu sy inb~x qqww dyh ADXws sy <cy ho cuky Qwy[ vy ''mrny hi qy pwe~ey purnu prmwn<du'' ki AváQww ko prwîq kr cuky Qwy[ iv#tr HXUgo kw kqwn hy : ''ijæ<dgi cwhy ikqni Swwndwr #Xo< n ho pr<qu vh qvwriki PYsly ky ile sdyv m ËXu kw e<qjwr krqi hy['' Bwe~ prqwp is<g qqww Bwe~ krm is<g ny SwhIdI prwîq krny kw qvwriki PYslw kr ilxw Qww[ rylgwvi qyji sy Aw rhi QwI[ dono< sçcy qqww s<køpi guris#k rylvy lwe~n pr lyty hue Qwy[ AwiKr e<jn anki hi Xo< ko cur krqw huaw dono< ky pr sy gujær gxw[ dono< ky SwrIr kucly ge[ vy s$æq j$æmi ho ge[ gwvi KVI ho ge~[ rylvy lwe~n ky dono< qrp KVI s<gq es dd~nwk d SX ko dykkr Zwih-Zwih kr rhi QwI[ jb an dono< ko gwvi ky pihxo< ky nicy sy inkwlw gxw qo vy issk rhy Qwy[ ifîti kimsnr ko eski sucnw imli[ vh moky pr phu<c gxw[ jb s<gq ny dm qov rhy is<go< ki s<bwl krny kw XËn ikxw, as v#q Bwe~ prqwp is<g Ev< Bwe~ krm is<g ny khw, ''phly gwvi my< byty viro< ki syvw kr lo ipr hmwri

29 < <~ gurmiq zwn 31 s<bwl kr lynw['' anki eçcw Anuswr gwvi my< jw rhy is<go< ko l<gr brqw idxw gxw[ s<gq Bwe~ prqwp is<g Ev< Bwe~ krm is<g ko j$æmi hwlq my< gu{ªwrw I p<jw swihb my< lykr Awe~, jhw< vy pw<c BUqk SwrIr ËXwgkr AwiËmk qor pr gu{-crxwo< my< jw ivrwjy[ I p<jw swihb my< hi hjæwro< ki s<$xw my< s<gq ny dono< SwhIdo< kw bvy vyrw^x Ev< ÎXwr-sËkwr sy A<iqm s<ákwr ikxw[ is<go< ky jëqwy 17 nv<br qk gu{ kw bwg my< jwqy rhy[ Xy pydl jëqwy ky sdáx Awm qor pr cwr-cwr lweno< my< svk ky bwe< hwqw clqy jwqy Qwy, qwik Awny-jwny vwly ko koe~ muiskl n ho[ en jëqwo< ko gu{ªwrw swihb my< phu<cny sy phly hi puils rok lyqi[ puils ko dykqy hi vy 'siqnwm-vwihgu{' kw jwp Xw kiq~n Swu} kr dyqy[ esi iáqwiq my< hi puils en pr lwitxw< brswny lg jwqi[ lwitxo< ki mwr sy nicy igry is<go< pr puils Apny GuVsvwr ispwihxo< ko CoV dyqi ijsky swqw anky pwlqu kuáy BI hoqy Qwy[ Qwkhwrkr srkwr ny es s<kt ko KæËm krny ky ile sr g<gwrwm kw shwrw ilxw ijsny 17 nv<br, 1922 e~. ko mh<q su<dr dws sy gu{ ky bwg ki swri jæmin pæy pr lykr is#ko< ky hvwly kr di[ esky swqw hi mocw~ Pæqih ho gxw[ 27 ApRYl, 1927 e~. ko igrïqwr ike ge swry AkwlI vk~ro< ko irhw kr idxw gxw[ es mocy~ my< Swwiml is<go< my< sy 10 is<g-- Bwe~ Bgq is<g qqww qwrw is<g gw<v qyvw puils ki mwrpit ky kwrxw Apny hi gw<v my< ŸmSw: 4 isq<br qqww 6 isq<br, 1922 e~. ko SwhIdI pw ge[ phly hi aølyk ADwIn Aw cuky Bwe~ krm is<g qqww Bwe~ prqwp is<g p<jw swihb my< 30 A#qUbr ko SwhIdI pw ge[ Bwe~ hri is<g I Am qsr jyl my< bimwr hokr 9 nv<br, 1922 e~. ko SwhIdI pw ge[ Bwe~ prkwsw is<g bostl jyl, lwhor my< 25 nv<br ko bimwri ki hwlq my< SwhIdI pw ge[ Bwe~ hridá is<g gw<v A yvwl, lwhor jyl, Bwe~ jvwlw is<g, gw<v p<jolw, Atk jyl, Bwe~ ibswn is<g, gw<v sohl, Atk jyl my < SwhIdI pw ge qqww Bwe~ iprqwipwl is<g j$æmo< ki mwr n Jylqy hue 2 ApR Yl, 1924 e~. ko I gu{ rwmdws Aápqwl my elwj ADwIn SwhIdI pw ge[ es dorwn 5605 is<go< ki igrïqwirxw< hue~ <, ijnmy < sy 35 iswromixw gu{ªwrw prb<dwk kmyti ky sdáx BI Qwy[ srkwr ny es smx eqnw juøm ikxw ik pwdri si. EP. E<föXUj Kud gu{ ky bwg phu<cw qqww ho rhy AËXwcwr ko dykkr kurlw atw[ asny ilkw ik Ardws ky ile juvy hwqw qqww mu<h sy 'siqnwm' kw açcwrxw kr rhy is<go< ky pyt pr juqo< smyq KVy POjI AOr mu<h pr pvqi lwitxo< ko dykkr myrw Apny Awp pr kwbu rknw bvi hi muiskl ki bwq QwI[ vh Dwm~ ky rwáqy kw piqwk pwdri ilkqw hy ik byhosw hue j$æmi is<go< ko atwkr E<bUly<s my< rkny vwlo< pr BI esi qrh kw AËXwcwr ikxw gxw[ en swry juømo< ny iksi ko nm~-idilxw nhi< rhny idxw[ bi. ti. ªwrw ki ge~ Kud mocw~b<di ky dorwn asny Apny kuáo< ko BI is#ko< pr CoVw ijski duinxw Br ki AKæbwro< ny qsviro< sihq irpoty prkwiswq ki<[ imátr bi. ti. kuc smx bwd pitxwlw irxwsq kw suip<rty<fy <t inxu#q ikxw gxw[ an

30 < < < ~ < gurmiq zwn 32 idno< c y sykvw< gw<v ki Ek ázi prqwpi Apny piq ky kël kys ky kwrxw jyl my < b<d QwI[ bi. ti. ki as ázi ky swqw smipqw bn ge~[ bi. ti. ny Apny blbuqy pr prqwpi ko kys my sy bri krvw idxw qqww asky swqw hi gw<v c y sykvw< my < koti bnwkr rhny lg gxw[ asny ApnI bdli BI mlyrkoytlw irxwsq my < fi. Awe~. ji. ky qor pr krvw li QwI qqww kuc smx bwd vhw< sy syvwmu#q ho gxw[ an idno< AwjæwdI GulwitXy bñbro< kw Ek jëqww, ijsmy s. ku <Fw is<g gwjiawxww, s. bcn is<g lohwkyvw, s. Bolw is<g lohwkyvw, s. krqwr is<g CInIvwl, s. hri is<g BYxwI qqww Pjlw Gumwxw klw< Awid srgm~ sdáx Qwy[ c y sykvw< gw<v ky s. kwkw is<g ko bi. ti. bhuq q<g krqw Qww[ bi. ti. ky AËXwcwr sy q<g AwXw s. kwkw is<g gw<v sy Bwg gxw[ asny Apnw s<pk~ bñbro< sy bnw ilxw Qww[ asny bñbro< ko bi. ti. ki swri krquqy < bqwkr asko mwrny ki Xojnw bnwe~[ bñbro< ny pitxwly ky kbwivxo< sy puils ki vid~xw< KrId li< qqww kuc hiqwxwro< kw BI e<qjwm kr ilxw[ s. ku <Fw is<g Qwwnydwr bn gxw[ s. bcn is<g qqww s. Bolw is<g ny hvldwr vwli vdi~ phn li[ s. krqwr is<g CInIvwl qqww Pjlw Gumwxw klw< dono< vdi~ phnkr ispwhi bn ge[ en sbi ny s. kwkw is<g ko JUT-mUT kw mujæirm bnwkr hqwkvi sy bw<dw ilxw[ Swwm ky smx Xh jëqww c y sykvw< gw<v phu<c gxw[ bi. ti. ApnI koti my kusi~ pr bytw AKæbwr pfæ rhw Qww[ puils ky Bys my< phu <cy bñbro< ny bi. ti. ko khw ik vy anky mujæirm kwkw is<g ko pkvkr lwe hy <[ enho<ny s. kwkw is<g ko khw ik vh bi. ti. ky pw<v ko CUkr mwpæi mw<gy[ pyro< ko hwqw lgwny ky bhwny s. kwkw is<g ny bi. ti. ko tw<go< sy pkvkr atw ilxw[ s. k< ufw is<g ny bi. ti. ki knpti my < goli mwri[ prqwpi apæ hrnwmi Bwgny lgi qo bñbro< ny asko BI pwr bulw idxw[ sunwm puils ny swry bñbro< pr Dwwrw 302 ky qhq dohry kël qqww fkyqi kw muk mw dj~ kr enko F<UFnw Swu} kr idxw[ s. e~swr is<g ky Gr sy c y sykvw< gw<v my < sy s. bcn is<g lohwkyvw ko igrïqwr kr ilxw[ esko moq ki sjæw di ge~[ s. krqwr is<g CInIvwl ko kuc smx bwd igrïqwr kr ilxw gxw[ muk my ky dorwn jo gvwh esky iv{ Qwy vy mukr ge AOr enko muk my my < sy bri kr idxw gxw[ s. Bolw is<g lohwkyvw ko muk my my < amr kyd ki sjæw di ge~[ Xy 13 v w~ ki sjæw kwtkr 1952 e~. my < irhw hue[ 1962 e~. my Awpko p<jwb srkwr ny ávq<zqw s<grwmi ky }p my< py <Swn dyni Swu} kr di qqww qwmr pz dykr Awpkw smmwn ikxw[ 80 v w~ ki amr my < ky <sr ki bimwri sy AwpkI m ËXu ho ge~[ s. kwkw is<g, s. ku<fw is<g gwjiawxww qqww Pjlw Gumwxw klw< kuc smx A<gy Rjo< ki njæro< sy dur rhy[ mukbr ki eálw pr apli sy s<g}r ky mdx nhr ki ptri pr qino< ko ekt`ty jwqy hue puils ny Gyr ilxw[ en qino< ny ftkr puils kw mukwblw ikxw AOr vhi< qino< SwhIdI prwîq kr ge[

31 gurmiq zwn 33 EysI gwqww QwI Amr Ÿw<iqnwXk vir s. krqwr is<g srwbw ki 24 me~, 1896 e~. ko luidwxwnw ijæly ky srwbw gw<v my< pydw hue Ÿw<iqkwrI s. krqwr is<g srwbw Bwrq ki AwjæwdI ki lvwe~ my< SwhId hony vwly sbsy km amr (19 v w~) ky AwËmbildwnI Qwy[ Eysy Amr synwni ko A<gRyj srkwr kw q$æqw pltny ky wvx<z my< lwhor ki sy<töl jyl my< Pw<sI ki sjw di ge~, ijsy es spuq ny h<sqy-h<sqy ávikwr ikxw Qww[ SwhId s. krqwr is<g ky ipqw s. m<gl is<g swdwwrxw ikswn Qwy[ dwdw s. sohn is<g s. krqwr is<g ko bcpn my< SwhIdo< ki khwinxw< sunwxw krqy Qwy[ es kwr s. krqwr is<g kw bwlmn dysw-bi#q ky iq wr<b sy hi smip~q ho gxw[ Acwnk s. krqwr is<g srwbw ky jivn my< bvw pirvq~n AwXw[ srwbw gw<v ky kuc log, jo ik gdr pwti~ ky kwx~kqw~ Qwy pwti~ ky inm<zxw pr Amyirkw jw rhy Qwy[ pfæwe~ ki CuÆI my< AwE s. krqwr is<g BI Ÿw<iq ki lhr sy Bwivq hokr gdri Ÿw<iqkwirXo< ky swqw Amyirkw cl pvy[ qb Qwm ivsv mhwxu cl rhw Qww[ Amyirkw my< gdr pwti~ ny s. krqwr is<g ko ys BwrI bnw idxw[ esi bic s. krqwr is<g ny Ek pizkw 'gdr' inkwli[ Ÿw<iqkwrI ivcwro< sy Aoq- oq swîqwihk pz 'gdr' ih<di, adu~, p<jwbi AOr A<gRyjI my< Cpqw Qww[ 'gdr' ky siÿx swr sy BwrqIX POjI iv«oh pr - I ÈXoiq kwsw Kry* aqw} ho gxy[ Eysy my< A<gRyj srkwr ny 'gdr' pr iqb<dw lgw idxw[ sn` 1915 my< gdr pwti~ ki hwe~ kmwn ny gdr pwti~ ky sdáxo< ko hiqwxwr dykr iv«oh krny ki qyxwri krny ky ile vir s. krqwr is<g ko Bwrq Byjw[ AwjæwdI ky mqvwly s. krqwr is<g ávwdwinqw ky Xws my< Ÿw<iqjnk I rws ibhwri bos ky inkt Aw cuky Qwy[ wvx<z ky smx Ÿw<iqvIr s. krqwr is<g I bos ky lwhor vwly mkwn my< rhqy Qwy[ I bos ny s. krqwr is<g ko bcwny ky ile asy guîq }p sy kwbul Byj idxw[ kwbul my< BwrqIX Ÿw<iqkwirXo< ky BIqr dysw ki AwjæwdI ki AlK jgwny kw kwx~ vir s. krqwr is<g krny lgy[ es a ysx ky ile anho<ny kwbul sy dysw-bi#q ky ivcwro< sy Aoq oq Ek AKbwr BI inkwlw, ijsy vy guîq }p sy BwrqIX CwvinXo< AOr BwrqIX Ÿw<iqkwirXo< ky bic PYlwqy rhy[ vy kwbul my< iáqwr nhi< rh sky[ qbi I rws ibhwri bos ny Bwrq my< siÿx Ÿw<iq kw Sw<Knwd krny ky ile s. krqwr is<g ky AnuroDw krny pr anhy< Bwrq bulw ilxw[ Bwrq phu<c kr Ÿw<iqkwrI s. krqwr is<g Awgrw, myrt, bnwrs, kwnpur AOr elwhwbwd CwvinXo< my< kbi Kulkr, kbi rwq my< BwrqIX syinko< my< iv«oh ki Èvwlw jgwny lgy[ Ek Swwm ko s. krqwr is<g srgodww POjI CwvnI my< KulI miit<g kr rhy *PIcr Eiftr, jnsyvw myl, ji-9 sux~purm, n<dnpurw, Jw<sI (a..) ; Pon :

32 gurmiq zwn 34 Qwy qo A<gRyj APsro< ny anhy< igrïqwr kr ilxw AOr an pr ibritsw srkwr kw q$æqw pltny ky wvx<z kw muk mw clwxw jwny lgw[ KulI Adwlq my< s. krqwr is<g ny ibritsw swmrwèx ko Ptkwrqy hue khw-- ''myri gdr pwti~ kw a ysx ibritsw hkumq ko sdyv ky ile akwv Py<kny kw hy, #Xo<ik A<gRyj hkumq ANXwX, Swo wxw AOr ih<sw pr itki hue~ hy[ mu I Br A<gRyjo< ko eqny bvy dysw my< Swwsn krny kw koe~ AiDwkwr nhi< hy[ A<gRyjo< ko Bwrq CoVkr jwnw hi pvygw['' as smx s. krqwr is<g ki amr 19 v w~ QwI[ A<gRyj mijátöyt ny s. krqwr is<g sy Apnw v#qûx bdlkr mwpi mw<gny ko khw lyikn s. krqwr is<g ny Jukny sy e<kwr kr idxw AOr 16 nv<br 1915 ko A<gRyjo< ªwrw di ge~ Pw<sI kw P<dw gly my< fwlkr SwhIdo< ki pr<prw my< Ek Èvl<q eiqhws-gwqww ko jnm dy gxy[ SwhId s. krqwr is<g ko Pw<sI dyny ky smx A<gRyj APsr ky Aw<Ko< dyky bxwn ky Anuswr, ''jb 19 v wi~x s. krqwr is<g ny gly my< fwly Pw<sI ky P<dy ko cumw qo jølwd ky hwqw-pw<v kw<p aty['' Pw<sI pr JUlny sy phly dysw-b#q Ÿw<iqkwrI s. krqwr is<g srwbw ny hu<kwr Br kr khw Qww, ''Xid mujy Ek sy ÈXwdw ij<ædgi imlqi qo my< ApnI hr ijæ<dgi Bwrq dysw pr Ap~xw kr dyqw AOr krqw hi rhqw, jb qk ik hmwrw Bwrq dysw Awjæwd n hoqw['' SwhId s. krqwr is<g ki Swhwdq kw svw~idwk Bwv s. Bgq is<g pr pvw[ SwhId s. krqwr is<g ky AËmbildwn ki s. Bgq is<g pr Aimt Cwp pvi[ s. Bgq is<g Ev< anky swiqwxo< ny s. krqwr is<g AOr anky shxoigxo< sy jo s<dysw Ev< ÈXoiq pwe~ asy AOr BI Awgy bfæwny kw anho<ny kwx~ ikxw[ AK<f bildwn ki pr<prw my< s. krqwr is<g srwbw Bwrq ki AwjæwdI ki lvwe~ my< yrxww-sroq ky }p my< ámrxw ike jwqy rhy<gy[ Ÿw<iqpuZ s. krqwr is<g srwbw jysy purodww ky s<g w~mx jivn-v Á ko srdwr Bgq is<g Apnw AwdSw~, yrxww Ev< pivz a ysx mwnqy Qwy[ Apny Ek lyk my< s. Bgq is<g ny ilkw Qww-- ''rxwc<fi ky as prm B#q s. krqwr is<g ki AwXu as smx 20 v w~ ki n hony pwe~ QwI jb anho<ny ávq<zqw ki bilvydi pr inj r#qw<jil By<t kr di[ Aw<DwI ki qrh EkwEk khi< sy AwE, Awg BVkwe~, rxwc<fi ko jgwny ki cy tw ki[ vy #Xw Qwy, iks lok sy AwE Qwy AOr ipr Jt sy ikdwr cly ge, hm ÈXwdw kuc nhi< smj sky['' Ÿw<iqkwrI smwj ky ile s. krqwr is<g Ek qik Qwy[ ávx< srdwr Bgq is<g s. krqwr is<g kw jnm-idn mnwqy Qwy, ijs pr dysw ky sbi Ÿw<iqkwrI s. krqwr is<g ki ivcwrdwwrw pr clqy hue dysw ki AwjæwdI hwisl krny kw xw lyqy Qwy[ EysI gwqww QwI Amr Ÿw<iqnwXk vir s. krqwr is<g srwbw ki, ijnky nwm-ámrxw ky ibnw BwrqIX ávwdwinqw s<g w~ kw eiqhws ADwUrw rhqw hy[

33 gurmiq zwn 35 Bwrq ki AwjæwdI my< is#ko< kw Xogdwn *302, ikdvwe~ ngr, luidwxwnw ; Pon : s. gurdip is<g* Bwrq my< is#ko< ki jns<$xw dysw ki kw gulwm rhw hy[ es l<bi gulwmi ny dysw puri AwbwdI kw lgbg do iqswq hy, mgr ki virqw, ávwibmwn AOr gyrq ko iswiqwl ávq<zqw s<grwm my < enkw Xogdwn AásI iqswq krky rk idxw Qww[ sy BI AiDwk hy[ is#ko< ko gurbwxwi kw I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ny v#q ky mir Anmol Kjwnw imlw hy AOr I gu{ goib<d bwbr ko jwibr khw[ I gu{ nwnk dyv is<g ji ny Am q ki dwq b$æswi hy[ esi kw ji ny bwbr ªwrw ike ge hmly ky dorwn hi Bwv hy ik is#k kom ny ''pihlw mrxwu ''pwp ki j<\ ly kwblhu DwweAw jori m<gy kbuil jivxw ki Cif Aws ]'' ky Anuswr dwnu vy lwlo ]'' kh kr aski in<dw ki[ Apny jivn ki prvwh n krky AwjæwdI ki qb sy hi I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ny is#ko< lvwe~ my< sbsy AiDwk Xogdwn idxw hy[ is#ko< my< AwjæwdI ky bij bo ide Qwy[ I gu{ ko dysw-bi#q ki Bwvnw ivrwsq my< imli hy[ nwnk dyv ji qqww anky pscwq ANX gu{ XhI kwrxw hy ik dysw ki AwjæwdI kw Eysw swihbwn ny BI es ávq<zqw ky jèby ki koe~ Aw<doln nhi< ijsmy < is#ko< ny Awgy hokr ÈXoiq ko jlqw rkny kw aárdwixëv kubw~inxw< n di ho<[ atwxw[ pw<cvy< siqgu{ I gu{ Arjn dyv is#k kom kw eiqhws bqwqw hy ik ji ny es ávq<zqw ky ile sbsy phly SwhIdI es kom kw jnm mn ki ávq<zqw wîq wîq ki[ I gu{ qyg bhwdr swihb AOr Kwils jivn jiny ky swqw-swqw dysw ko anky is#k Bwe~ mqidws ji, Bwe~ sqidws ivdyswi hmlwvro< sy ávq<z krvwny AOr ji, Bwe~ idawlw ji, I gu{ goib<d is<g ji dyswvwisxo< ko CUq-Cwq, <c-nic qqww ky cwr swihbjæwdy AOr An<q is#ko< ny bykwr ky km~-kw<fo< ki AËXiDwk gulwmi sy ávq<zqw- wiîq ky ile, dysw-dwm~ ky ile mu#q krvwny ky ile huaw hy[ Bwrq kw Apny jwny< kubw~n ki<[ I gu{ goib<d is<g eiqhws es bwq kw gvwh hy ik Xh dysw ji kw swrw jivn juøm kw nwsw krny my< Apny invwisxo< ki AnYiqkqw, cirzhinqw, lgw rhw[ Kwlsy ki s jnw Dwwim~k, swmwijk AwpsI PUt AOr KudgjI~ ky kwrxw do hjæwr AOr rwjniiqk AwjæwdI kwxm rkny ky ile swlo< sy kbi Sw#ko< AOr huxwo< kw, kbi hi ki ge~ QwI[ bwbw b<dw is<g bhwdur ky gori AOr gjnivxo< kw, kbi iklijxo< AOr Swwsn ny is#ko< ko áqwwxi }p sy AwjæwdI quglko< kw, KBI PwrisXo< kw, kbi loidwxo< wîq krny ky rwáqy pr Awgy bfæny kw mwg~ AOr muglo< kw, kbi puq~gwilxo< AOr A<gRyjo< Swáq ikxw[ is#ko< ny p<jwb sy mugl rwèx

34 gurmiq zwn 36 kw Kwiqmw krky hi dm ilxw[ asky bwd APgwináqwn ki qrp sy hmlw krny kw Awj qk iksi ny duáswhs nhi< ikxw[ 1824 e~. my< bmw~ Xu ky smx A<gRyjo< ky pws as smx is#k syinko< ki bhus<$xk k<pni 47 nyitv enpy<töi QwI, ijsny bmw~ ky iv{ (jo as v#q Bwrq kw hi Ek A<g Qww) lvny sy enkwr kr idxw Qww AOr iv«oh KVw kr idxw Qww[ 11 nv<br, 1824 e~. ko sr Efvf~ ny es puri enpy<töi ko Gyr ilxw AOr qopo< sy BUn fwlw[ Xh iv«oh BVkwny ki puri ijmmydwri rswldwr sur is<g, blwkw is<g, jwqw is<g AOr Ek b<gwli APsr imátr dws pr QwopI ge~[ ^lyágo hyrøf, klkáw, ky Anuswr es iv«oh my< lgbg 880 POjI mwry ge Xw Pw<sI pr ltkw ide ge[ enmy< pw<c so sy ÈXwdw is#k Qwy[ Xy is#k XU. pi., ibhwr AOr b<gwl ky invwsi Qwy[ julwe~, 1824 e~. my< {VkI ky pws ku<jw ky qwølukydwr (jmi<dwr) ivjx is<g, jo ik shwrnpur ky gujr nrysw rwm dxwl kw BqIjw Qww (Xh Grwnw gu{-gr kw syvk Grwnw Qww), ny A<gRyjo< ky iv{ bgwvq kr di qo 200 dysw-b#q SwhId hue, ijnmy< sy 89 is#k Qwy[ 47 ko A<gRyj srkwr ny Pw<sI di, ijnmy < sy 17 is#k Qwy[ ke~ so dysw-b#qo< ko jlwvqn ikxw, amr-kyd ki sjæw di AOr b<di bnwxw[ 1849 e~. my< Akyly is#ko< ny A<gRyjo< ky swqw Bwrq-ávq<Zqw ki AwiKrI j<g lvi[ es j<g my< kyvl Ek is#k ryjimy<t QwI[ dusri Aor A<gRyjo< ky swqw swry Bwrq ki ryjimy<ty< QwI<, gorko< AOr gfævwilxo< ki POj QwI[ nqijqn is#ko< ki hwr hue~ AOr s<puxw~ Bwrq A<gRyjI rwèx my< imlw idxw gxw[ A<gRyjo< ky iv{ Sww<qmXI Aw<doln sbsy phly 1868 e~. my<, jb kw<grys pwti~ bni BI nhi< QwI, is#k nwxk bwbw rwm is<g ny Awr<B ikxw Qww[ Awpny A<gRyjI jubwn, A<gRyjI ilbws, A<gRyj srkwr ki nokirxo<, srkwri Adwlqo<, fwkkwno<, rylgwivxo< Awid kw bwxkwt krny kw ogrwm AshXog Aw<doln ky }p my< dysw ko idxw[ 1871 e~. my < bucvkwno< ky iv{ Aw<doln BI bwbw rwm is<g ny hi clwxw[ jgh-jgh kswexo< kw vdw kr idxw gxw[ I drbwr swihb, I Am qsr ky vysw ªwr ky swqw lgqw Ek bucvkwnw Kolw gxw Qww, ijssy I drbwr swihb ki pivzqw B<g hoqi QwI[ is#ko< ny rwqo-rwq bucvkwnw igrw kr jgh Ek-sI kr di[ is#k SwUrvIro< ny imlytöi my< BI swmrwijxo< ky iv{ bgwvq PYlwny kw XËn ikxw[ kwbul my< Bwe~ ibswn is<g, ^vwilxr my< Bwe~ nrwexw is<g, kwswi my< Bwe~ kwhn is<g Awid ko es mksd ky ile inxu#q ikxw gxw[ 1872 e~. my< is#ko< ny AslwKwny pr kñjæw krny kw PYslw ikxw[ es XËn my< koqvwl AOr 7 POjI mwry ge[ 1907 e~. my< s. AjIq is<g (SwhId s. Bgq is<g ky cwcw) ny 'pgvi s<bwl jæw' kw nwrw lgwkr A<gRyjI srkwr ko Ek Kulw cyly<j idxw[ esi swl knwfw my< 'bñbr AkwlI lhr' AOr kylypoin~xw< my< 'gdr pwti~' kw gtn ikxw gxw[ 1913 e~. my< bwbw sohn is<g Bknw ny Bwrq my< 'gdr pwti~' ki ni<v rki[

35 gurmiq zwn e~. my< bwbw guridá is<g ky nyq Ëv my< kwmwgwtwmw} jhwj sy BwrqIXo< ko jb knwfw srkwr ny vynkuvr b<drgwh pr aqrny nhi< idxw, qo anhy< Bwrq vwips lwxw gxw[ Bwrq Awqy hi bjbj Gwt pr pcws is#k SwUrvIro< ko goilxo< sy BUn idxw gxw[ bwki b<di bnw ile ge[ kwmwgwtwmw} jhwj my< kul 376 my< sy 355 is#k Qwy[ Xh Gtnw 21 isq<br, 1914 e~. ki hy[ es Gtnw ki Kæbr sy hr jgh A<gRyjo< ky iv{ guásw Ek dm BVk gxw[ mnilw, Sw<Gwe~, jwpwn, Amyirkw Awid my< bsy hue 170 is#ko< kw Ek jëqww 24 A#qUbr, 1914 e~. ko Bwrq phu<cw[ an sbko igrïqwr krky Anyk kwr ki XwqnwE< dykr im<tgumri AOr mulqwn ki jylo< my< kyd kr idxw gxw[ 16 nv<br, 1915 e~. ko s. krqwr is<g srwbw ko anky 12 is#k swiqwxo< sihq Pw<sI ky q$qy pr ltkw idxw gxw[ 15 swiqwxo< ko isivl AOr imlytöi Adwlqo< ny moq ki sjw di[ A Yl, 1919 e~. my< vyswki vwly idn I Am qsr my< jilxw< vwlw bwg kw KUnI kw<f huaw[ esmy< SwhId hony vwly 1300 dysw-b#qo< my< 769 is#k SwUrvIr Qwy[ jilxw< vwlw bwg my< jnrl fwxr ki goilxo< kw iswkwr hue an hjwro< inhëqwy AOr mwsum logo< ki moq kw bdlw BI Ek is#k s. Dwm is<g ny kwiql ky Gr e<^ly<f jwkr asko mwr kr ilxw[ 1922 e~. my< bñbr AkwlI lhr kw gtn kr bñbro< ny ApnI srgim~xo< sy swmxvwd ki pkv ko kwpi nukswn phu <cwxw[ gu{ªwrw b<dw sudwwr lhr vwáqv my< dysw ky ávq<zqw Aw<doln kw hi Awr<B Qww[ cwibxo< ky mocy~ ki splqw pr mhwqmw gw<dwi ny khw Qww-- ''dysw ki ávq<zqw ki phli lvwe~ jiq li ge~ hy[ my< is#k kom ko bdwwe~ dyqw hu<['' gu{ªwrw b<dw sudwwr lhr my< 500 is#k SwhId hue[ 30 hjæwr is#k jyl my< ge AOr 10 lwk {pe is#ko< ny jumw~nw Brw[ lwhor sy<töl jyl my< e~. my< gdri bwbw logo< AOr bñbro< my< sy 7 dysw- B#qo< ko Pw<sI dy di AOr 17 ko amr-kyd ki sjw di ge~[ apro#q 7 my< sy 6 qqww 17 my< sy 14 is#k Qwy[ 1931 e~. my< jb kuc ávq<zqw s<grwimxo< ko A<fmwn ly jwxw jw rhw Qww, qo s. rqn is<g AOr asky is#k swiqwxo< ny bhuq swry A<gRyj APsro< ko mwr kr dysw ki AwjæwdI ky iq ApnI qivr BwvnwAo< ko kt ikxw Qww[ Bly hi bwd my< en is<go< ko eski kimq ApnI jwny< dykr cukwni pvi[ dysw ki AwjæwdI ky ile s. ikswn is<g, Bwe~ e~swr is<g mrhwxww, mwátr moqw is<g, s. KVk is<g, s. mihqwb is<g, s. qyjw is<g smu<dri, s. qyjw is<g AkrpurI, s. srdul is<g, s. syvw is<g TIkrIvwlw, Bwe~ rxwdwir is<g, Bwe~ ivdwwn is<g, JbwilE Bwe~, sykvo< AkwlI is<go< ki giqividwxw< aølyknix hy<[ s. drswn is<g Py}mwn kw nwm dysw ki AwjæwdI ky eiqhws my< Amr SwhIdo< ki suci my< ilkw jwegw[ s. Bgq is<g h<sqy-h<sqy Pw<sI ky q$æqy pr cfæ ge[ 'pæw siqw rwme~xw' ki ihátri AWP e<ifxn nyswnl kw<grys ki ilikq ky Anuswr dysw ki AwjæwdI ky Aw<doln my< 929 dysw-

36 gurmiq zwn 38 B#qo< ko Pw<sI di ge~, ijnmy< 94 is#k Qwy[ 2664 ko jlwvqn ikxw gxw, ijnmy< 2147 is#k Qwy[ jyl jwny vwlo< my< 40 iqswq is#k Qwy[ en Aw<kVo< my< bwbw rwm is<g ki qhrik, kwmwgwtwmw} jhwj ky SwhId, bñbr AkwlI lhr, gu{ªwrw b<dw sudwwr lhr, kwloni E#t ky iv{ ki qhrik AOr s. Bgq is<g grup ky SwhIdo< ky Aw<kVy Swwiml nhi< hy<[ Bwrq ko dusry dyswo< ki shwxqw sy bwkwxdw j<g lvkr Awjæwd krvwny ki Xojnw Ek is#k jrnyl jnrl s. mohn is<g ny bnwe~ QwI, mgr iksi kwrxwvsw s. mohn is<g ko jwpwinxo< ny igrïqwr kr ilxw[ s. mohn is<g ny 'Awjæwd ih<d POj' kw gtn ikxw Qww[ s. mohn is<g ky igrïqwr ho jwny sy mwátr qwrw is<g ko imly anky pz ky AwDwwr pr mwátr ji ny subw w c<«bos ko Xhw< sy inkl jwny ki slwh di AOr anhy< pyswwvr phu<cwny ki Xojnw bnwe~[ subw w c<«bos ko pyswwvr phu<cwny vwly swry is#k Qwy[ Awjæwd ih<d POj ki kul s<$xw 42,000 my< sy 28,000 is#k Qwy[ 1946 e~. my< b<be~ my< nyvi ky jvwno< ky iv«oh my< BI is#k syink iksi ANX sy km nhi< Qwy[ is#k Bly hi dysw ki smuci AwbwdI kw lgbg do iqswq hy<, mgr dysw ki AwjwdI ky Aw<dolno< my< puils ki lwitxw< Kwny vwlo<, puils ky khr sy SwhId hony vwlo<, Pw<sI pr cfæny vwlo<, jlwvqn ike jwny vwlo<, amrkyd qqww kwly pwni ki sjw pwny vwlo<, AwjæwdI ki cwh my< Apnw Gr-Gwt qqww jmin-jwxdwd, pwvn Dwm~-áQwwno< kw nukswn krvwny vwlo<, ke~ irsqydwro< ki jwno< ki kubw~ni dyny vwlo< ki Agr in p@wqw AOr e~mwndwri sy Koj krwe~ jwe qo esmy< do iqswq is#ko< kw Xogdwn 98 iqswq vwly logo< sy iksi qrh BI km nhi< hogw[ Awj is#ko< ªwrw di ge~ kubw~inxo< ko apyi@wq ikxw jw rhw hy; Eyiqhwisk qqxo< ko qov-mrov kr pysw ikxw jw rhw hy, qwik is#ko< ki AhimXq ko km ikxw jw sky[ is#k eiqhws ko KËm krny ky XËn ho rhy hy<[ b<glw dysw ki fw#xumy<tri ipøm my< lyïtiny<t jnrl s. jgjiq is<g (AroVw) kw cyhrw CupwXw gxw hy[ iswromixw gu{ªwrw b<dwk kmyti ki qrp sy A<fmwn Byjy ge jw<c dl ny kwly pwni ky nwm sy jwni jwqi sylulr jyl ky komi ámwrk my< áqwwipq ki ge~ Xwdgwr gylirxo< pr rojæwnw idkwe jwqy 'roswni AOr Awvwjæ' ogrwm my< p<jwibxo<, ivswy wkr is#ko< ki qrp sy AwjæwdI s<grwm my< ide ge byimswl Xogdwn ko KËm ike jwny smb<dwi jwnkwri hwisl ki[ wr<ibk jw<c sy pqw clw ik 'roswni AOr Awvwjæ' ogrwm my< is#ko< ki byimswl kubw~inxo< ko nwm-mwz hi idkwxw jw rhw hy[

37 gurmiq zwn e~. ky p<jwb-ivbwjn ky kuc esmy< koe~ AiqkQwnI nhi< ik 1947 e~. ky Bwrq-pwikáqwn ivbwjn sy smb<idwq Ab qk rwjnyiqk logo< ªwrw ilikq AOr srkwri dáqwvyjæo< pr AwDwwirq eiqhws hi aplñdw hy, jo ik 1947 e~. ky dysw-ivbwjn ky smucy hwlwq AOr d SX ko bxwn nhi< krqw AOr ijn logo< ny es KUnI GtnwŸm kw s<qwp Apny SwrIr pr Bogw as AnuBv ko BI ajwgr nhi< krqw ik dysw-ivbwjn ky smx en logo< ky swqw #Xw biqw; sw< dwixk junun ny iks qrh mwnvqw kw dhn ikxw[ p<jwb Swu} sy hi Bwrq ap mhwªip kw ' vysw ªwr' AOr 'KVg Bujw' mwnw jwqw rhw hy[ aár-piscm ki qrp sy Bwrqv w~ pr Awny vwli hr musibq ny p<jwb ko Bwivq ikxw hy[ Bwrq pr cfæ kr Awny vwly ivdyswi hmlwvro<, jysy-- huxw, Sw#k, m<gol, XUnwnI, Arb, quk~, APgwn, mugl Awid ny p<jwb ki DwrqI pr inxww~xk Xu lvny ky bwd hi ApnI sáw kw swr ikxw[ Bwrq my< piscm sy Awny vwly hmlwvro< ny p<jwb ky Dwwim~k, swmwijk, rwjnyiqk AOr sw<á iqk mwhol ko bhuq Bwivq ikxw hy[ es qrh smxsmx pr Bwrq pr pvny vwli kitnwexo< ki mwr ÈXwdwqr p<jwb ko hi shni pvi hy[ 20vI< sdi ky mdx my< di@wxw-purb~i EiSwXw my< dysw ky b<tvwry ky mhw lx -s. sukpwl is<g* jysy GtnwŸm ny purbi AOr aár-piscmi Bwrq ko qbwhi ki kgwr pr phu<cw idxw Qww[ Bwrq ap mhwªip my< 14 Agáq, 1947 e~. ko nxw dysw pwikáqwn AiáqËv my< AwXw, ijs kwrxw Bwrq kw do AOr ipr qin iháso< my< ivbwjn huaw[ es smx dysw ky do bvy AOr muki w<qo<-- b<gwl AOr p<jwb kw ivbwjn ikxw gxw, ijsmy< lwko< logo< kw kël-e-awm huaw AOr Ek krov sy AiDwk logo< ko ApnI pyq k DwrqI, vqn, Gr, jwxdwd ko CoVnw pvw[ es Eyiqhwisk GtnwŸm ki ivl@wxwqw Xh hy ik jhw< Agáq, 1947 e~. ko Bwrq ko ivdyswi gulwmi sy AwjæwdI imli AOr muslmwno< ky ile nxw dysw pwikáqwn (vq~mwn b<glw dysw BI, jo as smx pwikáqwn kw ihásw Qww) AiáqËv my< AwXw, vhw< Bwrq dysw kw qin tukvo< my< ivbwjn BI huaw[ Bwrq-pwikáqwn ky ivbwjn ki sbsy bvi ZwsdI dono< dyswo< sy logo< kw bvy áqr pr áqwwnw<qrxw Qww[ 1947 e~. qk s<swr my< AwbwdI áqwwnw<qrxw ki sbsy bvi imswl 1923 e~. my< gris (XUnwn) AOr quki~ ky drimxwn hue~ mwni jwqi hy, ijsmy< bis lwk ky krib logo< kw dysw-pirvq~n ikxw gxw Qww[ es pirvq~n ko Ek swl ky lgbg smx lgw[ esky ibøkul ivpriq 1947 e~. my< Bwrq-pwikáqwn ky *siinxr irsc~ PYlo, I gu{ gr<qw swihb ADXXn ky<«, gu{ nwnk dyv XUnIvis~tI, I Am qsr, Pon :

38 gurmiq zwn 40 drimxwn cwr-pw<c mhino< my< lgbg bis lwk log mwry ge AOr lgbg fyfæ krov ih<du, muiálm, is#k logo< kw dono< dyswo< sy áqwwnw<qrxw huaw, jo sidxo< sy Apny puv~jo< ki DwrqI pr rh rhy bwisw<do< ky ile iksi BXwnk musibq sy km nhi< Qww[ as smx Bwrq ap mhwªip my< mwnvqw ki hue~ BwrI qbwhi kw Awr<B 16 Agáq, 1946 e~. ko muiálm lig ky 'fwxry#t E#Swn' ky bulwvy ky swqw huaw[ Xh sb kuc b<gwl w<q ky klkáw AOr my< ih<du-muiálm d<go< ky swqw Swu} huaw, ijski Awg bwd my< ibhwr w<q ky gfæmu#qysvr qk PYl ge~[ es sw< dwixkqw ki Èvwlw kw Bwv swry Bwrq pr pvnw ávwbwivk Qww[ ih<du-is#ko< ky iv{ ke~ APævwhy< muiálm bhu s<$xw vwly elwky aár-piscmi simw w<q AOr piscmi p<jwb my< BI PYlwe~ ge~<, ijssy pyswwvr, rwvlip<fi, hjæwrw, mulqwn AOr aár-piscmi simw w<q ky my< ids<br, 1946 e~. my< ih<duis#ko< kw kël-e-awm Swu} ho gxw[ es smx ke~ logo< ny p<jwb ky Sww<q mwhol ko ibgwvny ky ile Awg pr qyl fwlny kw kwm ikxw[ piscmi p<jwb ky my< Ek ákul ky muslmwn mwátr ny Apny gly my< mwnvix KopVI fwl logo< ko bwqwxw ik Xh Ek muslmwn ki KopVI hy, ijsko ih<duao< ny gfæmu#qysvr my< mwr idxw Qww[ esi qrh pwvn kurwn ky PwVy hue pºy BI en elwko< ky muslmwno< ko idkwe ge[ essy aárpiscmi p<jwb AOr mulqwn my< muslmwno< kw guásw ih<du-is#ko< ky iklwp BVk atw[ b<gwl, ibhwr my< hue d<go< my< is#ko< kw iksi ky iv{ koe~ hwqw nhi< Qww biøk klkáw my< hue ih<du-muiálm d<go< ky smx is#ko< ny ApnI jwny< Kqry my< fwl kr hjæwro< ih<du-muslmwno< ki jwn bcwe~ AOr anko áqwwn pr phu<cwxw qqww gu{ªwrw swihbwn my< rwhq ky<p Kol kr mdd ki[ esky swqw hi p<jwb my< is#ko< ky iklwp muslmwno< ky mn my< nprq pydw hony kw dusrw kwrxw p<jwb my< is#k nyqwao< ªwrw pwikáqwn bnny kw ivrodw krnw Qww, esile muiálm lig AOr kær muslmwn nyqwao< ny es GtnwŸm ky kwrxw is#ko< ko BI brwbr kw dusmn smjw[ is#ko< ªwrw pwikáqwn bnny kw ivrodw krnw ibnw kwrxw nhi< Qww[ pury Bwrq (purwnw) my< p<jwb hi Ek es qrh kw w<q Qww jhw< is#ko< ki jns<$xw, jæminjwxdwd, Eyiqhwisk Dwwim~k áqwwn Awid lgbg 90 iqswq Qwy AOr bwki smucy Bwrq my< is#ko< ki jns<$xw, jwxdwd, Dwwim~k áqwwn Awid lgbg 10 iqswq Qwy[ p<jwb ky swqw is#ko< kw nwkun-mw<s kw smb<dw Qww AOr Awj BI hy[ pwikáqwn bnny sy p<jwb ky do tukvy honw iniscq Qww[ p<jwb ky ivbwjn sy is#ko< pr #Xw Bwv pvygw, es bwq ko is#ko< ky Alwvw koe~ BI AÇCI qrh nhi< smj skqw Qww, esile is#k pwikáqwn bnny kw ivrodw kr rhy Qwy[ muslmwn nyqw iksi BI kimq pr pwikáqwn bnwnw cwhqy Qwy, esile rwáqy my< Awny vwli hr {kwvt ko KËm krny ky ile vy iksi BI hd qk jw skqy Qwy[ piscmi p<jwb AOr piscmi simw w<q my< ids<br, 1946 e~. my< ati sw< dwixkqw ki ic<gwri kuc smx ky ile buj ge~, mgr Xh BIqr hi BIqr muiálm sw< dwixk qëvo< ky mn my< sulg rhi QwI[

39 gurmiq zwn 41 mwc~, 1947 e~. ky Swu} my< p<jwb ky hwlwq bhuq ibgv ge[ es smx qëkwlin kwrxw Xh bnw ik 3 mwc~, 1947 e~. ko p<jwb ki ih<du-is#k-muslmwno< ki sw<ji XunIinát pwti~ ky mu$x m<zi ikjær hxwq Kwn itvwxww ny muiálm lig ky dbwv ky Awgy Jukqy hue Apny m<izm<fl sihq p<jwb ky mu$x m<zi pd sy eáqipw dy idxw AOr Apny swiqwxo< ky swqw sw<ji srkwr my< sy bwhr Awny kw Eylwn kr idxw[ esky iqÿm ky }p my< p<jwb ky ih<du-is#k nyqwao< ny p<jwb Asy<blI lwhor my< pwikáqwn bnwny ky ivrodw kw Eylwn kr idxw[ Agly idn 4 mwc~ ko gvn~my<t kwlyj lwhor ky ih<du-is#k iv wiqw~xo< ny gol bwg lwhor my< Ek Sww<qmXI jlsw ikxw[ es jlsy my< puils ny iv wiqw~xo< pr lwticwj~ kr idxw AOr muiálm lig pwti~ ky logo< ny puils kw swqw idxw[ es smx Sww<qmXI jlsw kr rhy iv wiqw~xo< ko buri qrh sy pitw gxw[ essy Swhr my< ke~ áqwwno< pr sw< dwixk lvwe~ Swu} ho ge~[ es kwrxw gvn~r p<jwb sr jyikj ny 5 mwc~, 1947 e~. ko dpæw-94 ky ADwIn p<jwb my< gvn~r rwj lwgu krny kw Eylwn kr idxw[ lwhor, I Am qsr, jl<dwr AOr piscmi p<jwb ky rwvlip<fi, hjæwrw, Atk, b<nu, khutw, mulqwn Awid my< muiálm bhus<$xw my< ih<duis#ko< kw kël-e-awm, lut-mwr AOr anki jwxdwd ko Awg lgwny kw islislw Swu} ho gxw[ esky iqÿm ky }p my< is#ko< AOr ih<duao< ny muslmwn d<gwexo< ky iv{ ApnI kmjæor iáqwiq my< r@wwëmk AOr qwkqvr iáqwiq bnwqy hue hmlwvr niiq Apnwe~[ essy p<jwb my< iáqwiq bhuq Krwb hony lgi, jbik es smx qk AOr piscmi p<jwb ko CoV kr smucy p<jwb my< iáqwiq Sww<qmXI QwI[ rwvlip<fi, hjæwrw, Atk, mulqwn my< muslmwn d<gwexo< ny is#ko< Ev< ih<duao< ky gw<v ky gw<v qbwh kr ide AOr ke~ gw<vo< ky swry ky swry is#k AOr ih<du mwr ide; anki iázxo</lvikxo< ky swqw jæbrn kukm~ ike ge AOr bhuq-si iázxo< v jvwn lvikxo< ko jæbrn Bgw ilxw gxw[ hwlwq ÈXwdw bdqr ho jwny ky kwrxw piscmi p<jwb ky ih<du-is#ko< ko mwc~, 1947 e~. my< hi vhw< sy ihjærq krni pvi Xw rwhq ky<po< my< rhnw pvw[ as smx qk pwikáqwn bnwny ki mw<g bhuq jæor pkv cuki QwI[ Awm logo< ko, cwhy koe~ muslmwn BI Qww, Xh nhi< pqw Qww ik pwikáqwn #Xw hy AOr khw< hogw Xw khw< bnygw[ log qo Xh smjqy Qwy ik pwikáqwn Ek Alg muøk qo bnygw, pr<qu AwbwdI vysy ki vysy hi bsqi rhygi[ Xhw< Ek csmdid I AmrnwQw kosqu (sulqwnpur lodwi) bqwqy hy< ik ''log smjqy Qwy ik hkumqy< Xw rwj bdlqy hy<, kbi jw nhi< bdlqi['' esi qrh Ek AOr csmdid kyîtn hrdip is<g (gw<v nyswtw) bqwqy hy< ik anky ipqw s. jgq is<g 18 Agáq, 1947 e~. ko gw<v ky is#ko<-muslmwno< ko gw<v ky p<cwxq Gr my< kh rhy Qwy ik ''kbi es qrh BI huaw hy ik log Apny Gr-Gwt qqww sb kuc CoV kr cly jwe<[ Xh qo kuc idno< kw gumwsqw (kolwhl) hy['' bhuq-sy log qo smjqy Qwy ik anki jvy< pwqwl my< hy< vy khw< jwe<gy! pwikáqwn bnny ky bwd BI ÈXwdwqr log es GtnwŸm ko kuc idno< kw Kyl hi smjqy rhy[ anko vwips Apny pyq k Gro< my<

40 gurmiq zwn 42 pun: cly jwny kw BRm bhuq dyr qk rhw[ Bwrq CoVkr pwikáqwn jw rhy muslmwno< my< sy logo< ny sbsy phly vhw< phu<c kr vhw< ky invwsi ih<du-is#ko< ki lut-mwr AOr ankw kël-e-awm krnw Swu} ikxw[ dykwdyki vhw< ky áqwwnix muslmwno< ny BI Xh kuc krnw Swu} kr idxw[ ke~ logo< ny jæmin-jwxdwd hvpny ky ile dusry Dwm~ ky logo< pr hmly ike AOr krvwe[ Xhw< Xh bwq ivswy w }p sy ijæÿxo^x hy ik bhuq-sy csmdid Xh bwq bqwqy hy< ik hmy< Apny gw<v Xw muhøly ky jwnkwr logo< ny vhw< sy inkwlny, lutny Xw mwrny ki koiswsw nhi< ki[ ËXyk gw<v Xw muhøly ky log dusry gw<v Xw muhøly pr hmlw krky Eysw krqy Qwy, jbik gw<v Xw muhølo< ky jwnkwr qo anko vhw< sy ihjrq n krny ky ile mnwqy rhy AOr an pr Apny Bwe~cwry ky logo< ki qrp sy hmlw krny ky smx Kud Awgy hokr anko rokny kw ivsvws idlwqy rhy[ csmdid kyîtn hrdip is<g ky bqwe Anuswr anky ipqw v gw<v ky is#k, muslmwn Bwe~cwry ky log Xh qjvijæ kr rhy Qwy ik Agr hmlw muslmwn Bwe~cwry ky log kry< qo muslmwn ankw swmnw kry< AOr Agr is#k hmlw kry< qo is#k ankw mukwblw kry< Xw roky<[ esi qrh Ek ANX csmdid I KyVw rwm (gw<v B<fwl, njædik klwnor, ijælw gurdwspur) bqwqy hy< ik ''anky gw<v ky muslmwno< ny bwhr sy AwE muslmwn hmlwvro< ko Awgy bfækr gw<v ky ih<du-is#ko< pr hmlw krny sy rokw['' esi qrh csmdid e<jiinxr kyvl xw ( I Am qsr) bqwqy hy< ik ''jb muslmwn d<gwexo< kw hujum ih<du-is#ko< pr hmlw krny ky ile hmwry muhøly cil m<fi AwXw qo myry ipqw ji ky muslmwn doáq gwmy phlvwn ny Apny bçco< ko anky Awgy iltw idxw ik Xid Awpny enko mwrnw hi hy qo phly hmy< mwr kr ipr anki qrp jwnw['' EysI ke~ adwhrxwy< csmdido< ny sw<ji ki hy<[ hwlwq ÈXwdw ibgvny ky kwrxw logo< ny pwikáqwn vwly piscmi p<jwb my< sy ihjrq krni Swu} kr di[ sbsy phly aáripiscmi simw w<q (rwvlip<fi, pyswwvr, hjwrw, b<nu, kohwt Awid) my< sy ihjrq mwc~, 1947 e~. my< Swu} ho ge~ QwI[ ids<br, 1946 e~. my< es elwky my < ih<du-is#ko< ky kël-e-awm ky kwrxw logo< ko Apny Gr, kwrobwr CoV kr suri@wq áqwwno<, ky<p my< Xw dur-drwj irsqydwro< ky pws jwnw pvw[ es elwky my< jb mwhol QwoVw Sww<q huaw qo logo< ny purbi p<jwb ki qrp ihjrq krni Swu} kr di[ log Apny pirvwr AOr QwoVy-bhuq swmwn ky swqw Apnw Gr, jwxdwd, dukwny<, kwrobwr Awid CoV kr bso<, töko<, rylo< Awid ky ªwrw purbi p<jwb (vq~mwn BwrqIX p<jwb) ki qrp inkl AwE[ piscmi simw w<q sy ihjrq krny vwly log rylgwivxo< ky ªwrw lwhor hoqy hue I Am qsr, pitxwlw, PrIdkot Awid áqwwno< pr phu<cy[ esi qrh guèjrw<vwlw, lwhor ksur hoqy hue iprojæpur, PrIdkot, pitxwlw Awid áqwwno< pr phu<cy[ es smx piscmi-simw w<q sy ihjrq krny vwly logo< ko rwáqo< my< lutw, mwrw gxw[ log ke~-ke~ idno< ki BUK-ÎXws bdw~sq kr lgwqwr spr krky BwrqIX p<jwb my< phu<cy[ es smx Awny vwly irïxuijæxo< ky ile pitxwlw, PrIdkot Awid my< rwhq ky<p bnwe

41 gurmiq zwn 43 ge[ ihjrq krny vwly logo< ki BwrI s<$xw hony ky kwrxw Xy b<dw BI ApXw~Îq ho ge[ bhuq-sy log ApnI irsqydwirxo< my< cly ge[ ijnki koe~ irsqydwri nhi< QwI an logo< ko bdikámqi sy Kuly Awsmwn ky nicy lwcwr hwlq my< smx ki mwr JylnI pvi AOr anho<ny BUKy, n<gy, byshwrw rhkr Apnw smx ÛXqIq ikxw[ 1947 e~. ky ivbwjn ky smx mwnvqw ki hue~ qbwhi ki mwr sbsy AiDwk iázxo< ko JylnI pvi[ es smx iázxo< ki jo dud~sww hue~ asy khny-sunny vwly ki }h kw<p atqi hy[ as smx p<jwb puils my< 74 iqswq muslmwn Qwy, ijnho<ny Amn-kwnUn bhwl rkny ki jgh byhd rvyxw Apnwqy hue muslmwn d<gwexo< kw sryawm ilxw[ esky swqw hi isivl AOr NXwiXk AiDwkwirXo< ny BI Apny pyswwvr Pjo~< ko Bulw kr kærp<qwi d<gwexo< kw swqw idxw[ lwhor kw syswn jj AÑdul gni cimw es mwmly my< bhuq bdnwm Qww[ asny bhuq-sy is#ko< kw kël-e-awm krvwxw Qww, ijski khwinxw< ke~ csmdido< ny sunwe~ hy<[ bhuq-sy csmdido< ny es smx mwhol ko Krwb krny ky ile muiálm lig ky logo< ko ijmmydwr bqwxw hy[ pwikáqwni p<jwb sy ihjrq kw dusrw smx 15 Agáq, 1947 e~. ky bwd kw hy[ Xh ihjrq 15 Agáq ko Bwrq ki AwjæwdI Xw 14 Agáq ko pwikáqwn bnny sy phly sy Swu} hokr isq<br 1947 e~. qk jwri rhi[ kuc logo<, jo kwpi smjdwr Qwy Xw ijnko phly sy hi pqw cl gxw Qww ik Ab pwikáqwn bnnw iniscq hy AOr piscmi p<jwb ky pwikáqwn my< cly jwny ki p#ki s<bwvnw hy, ny pwikáqwn bnny AOr Bwrq ki AwjæwdI kw Eylwn hony sy phly hi purbi p<jwb, Kws kr my< kbi-kbwr Awnw Swu} kr idxw Qww, ijsky hvwly hmwry ke~ csmdido< ky bxwn my< sy iml jwqy hy<[ ÈXwdwqr logo< ko jb qk piscmi p<jwb pwikáqwn my< sy cly jwny ky ile mjæbur nhi< ikxw gxw, qb qk vy Apny pyq k itkwno< pr bsqy rhy[ is#k nyqwao< ko Xh AwSww QwI ik lwhor, im<tgumri AOr SwyKUpurw ky ijæly pwikáqwn my< jwny sy bc jwe<gy, esile is#k nyqw AwiKrI smx qk koiswsw krqy rhy[ esky ile anho<ny ApnI bwq vwxsrwx AOr hdb<di kmiswn ky pws phu<cwny ky ile myjr Swwt~ ko e<^ly<f sy ivswy w }p sy bulwxw[ (myjr Swwt~ dusry ivsv Xu ky smx is#k POj kw jnrl rh cukw Qww AOr vh is#ko< ki BwvnwAo< ko smjqw Qww[) as smx Bwrq ky vwxsrwx AOr hdb<di kmiswn ky swqw iksi ky BI imlny ki mnwhi QwI[ myjr Swwt~ julwe~ ky AwiKr my< Bwrq AwXw, pr<qu as smx qk bhuq dyr ho cuki QwI[ hdb<di sy smb<idwq kmiswn ny ApnI wqwimk irpot~ ki kwpi gvn~r p<jwb ky mw<gny pr asy Byj di QwI, ijsmy < iprojæpur AOr jæirw qhsily < pwikáqwn my< Swwiml QwI<[ bwd my< zwni krqwr is<g, mwátr qwrw is<g Awid is#k nyqwao< ny ko pwikáqwn my< jwny sy rokny ky ile ky mwilkwnw, kwrobwri ihásy, mwilxw Awid my< ih<du-is#ko< ky AiDwk Xogdwn AOr I nnkwxww swihb Awid ky AwDwwr pr Ek dáqwvyjæ qyxwr krvw kr vwxsrwx ky pws jæordwr ApIl ki, ijskw muiálm lig ny s$æq ivrodw ikxw[ is#k

42 gurmiq zwn 44 nyqwao< ki koiswsw ky iprojæpur AOr jæirw do qhsilo< ky Alwvw lwhor ijæly ky cwr Qwwny- - pæi, vltohw, ib#kiiv<f AOr KwlVw BI pwikáqwn my< jwny sy bc ge[ es swry GtnwŸm ky kwrxw es elwky ki hdb<di sy smb<idwq PYslw pwikáqwn bnny ky bwd 17 Xw 18 Agáq ko huaw[ es elwky ky log hdb<di sy smb<idwq kwpi dyr qk AiniScqqw my< hi rhy[ eski imswl Ek csmdid subydwr myjr hrdip is<g bqwqy hy < ik Bwrq-pwikáqwn srhd ky njædik ky ijæly lwhor kw gw<v cit`taw<vwlw 19 Agáq ko es qrh kw áqwwn Qww jhw< muslmwn AOr is#k koe~ BI gw<v invwsi vhw< mojud nhi< Qww[ dono< s< dwx es gw<v ko dusry dysw my< clw gxw smjqy Qwy, esile vy gw<v CoV kr picy cly ge[ as smx is#k nyqw es bwq ky ile BI koiswsw krqy rhy ik pwikáqwni p<jwb ky bwr vwly SwyKUpurw, lwxlpur, guèjrw<vwlw ijælo< ko pwikáqwn my< Ek Alg átyt Xw irxwsq ki qrh Xw qo BwrqIX rwèx ky ADwIn Xw iksi Awjæwd átyt ki qrh mhpujæ rkw jw sky, #Xo<ik Xy ijæly jhw< is#k bhus<$xw vwly Qwy qqww Xhw< ki jæmino< ky mwilk bvy áqr pr is#k Qwy, vhi< is#k Dwm~ ky s<áqwwpk I gu{ nwnk dyv ji kw jnm-áqwwn v ANX gu{ªwrw swihbwn BI my< Awqy Qwy[ esi kwrxw ky ih<duis#ko< ny sbsy AwiKr my< vhw< sy ihjrq Swu} ki[ SwyKUpurw, nnkwxww swihb Awid Swhro< my< pwikáqwni POj AOr puils ny muslmwno< ky swqw iml kr ih<du-is#ko< pr bvy hmly krky anko vhw< sy inklny ky ile mjæbur kr idxw[ vhw< bhuq-sy ih<du-is#ko< ko mwr idxw gxw[ anky Gro< v ANX jwxdwdo< ko lut ilxw gxw AOr Awg lgw di ge~[ ijælw SwyKUpurw AOr lwxlpur ky bhuq-sy gw<vo< ky log gw<v lhuky my< ke~ idn qk ek w hoqy rhy[ Xh kwiplw bhuq bvw ho gxw AOr isq<br mhiny my< vhw< sy clw[ pwikáqwn p<jwb ky ky ijælw mulqwn, m<fi buryvwlw, pwkptn Awid ky log bikwnyr AOr sulymwnki ky rwáqy BI Bwrq phu<cy[ Xy kwiply kwpi bvy Qwy jo ke~-ke~ mil l<by PYly hue Qwy[ esky Alwvw bhuq swry log mulqwn sy ksur ky rwáqy BI BwrqIX p<jwb my< phu<cy[ es smx kuc log km sy km swmwn, jo bhuq jæ}ri Qww, swqw lwxy[ log bylgwivxo<, GoVo< Awid svwri ky swdwno< ky Alwvw pydl cl kr sy<kvo< mil ky spr ko ke~ idno< my< qx krky AwE[ mulqwn, bhwvlpur Awid elwky my< sy Awny vwly logo< ki sbsy bvi muiskl Xh QwI ik es qrp elwkw Swu k hony ky kwrxw piny vwly pwni ki bhuq ikølq QwI[ as smx brswq BI kwpi ho rhi QwI, esile logo< ko rwáqy my< bwirsw, bwfæ Awid ki mwr Jylqy hue BUKy-ÎXwsy kicv, imæi-dwul Awid muisklo< ky swqw BI s<g w~ krnw pvw[ bhuq-sy logo< ki BUK, alti, dáq, bukwr Awid ky kwrxw rwáqy my< hi moq ho ge~[ enmy< sy bhuq-sy m qk SwrIro< ko A<iqm s<ákwr sy smb<idwq rámy< BI nsib n hue~< AOr pwirvwirk sdáx lwsw ko rwáqy my< Ek qrp rkkr, pr kpvw fwl kr Awgy cl pvqy Qwy[ bwr ky elwky Xw ANX dur-drwj sy Awny vwly kwiplo< ky swqw BwrqIX imlytöi anki sur@ww ky ile lgwe~ ge~ QwI[ Agr

43 gurmiq zwn 45 khi< rwáqy my< kwiply pr hmlw hoqw Xw ke~ bwr lutyry Awid log lut ki nixq sy Dwwvw bolqy Xw iázxo< ko atwny kw XËn krqy qo BwrqIX imlytöi anko Xw qo picy Bgw dyqi Xw anhy< mwr dyqi QwI[ ke~ bwr jb lutyro< Awid kw jæor pvqw, Kws kr jhw< imlytöi vwly kwiply ky iksi ihásy sy dur hoqy qo vy swmwn lut lyqy Xw iázxo< ko atwkr ly jwqy Qwy[ EysI hi Ek Gtnw ky bwry my< Ek csmdid s. svrn is<g (gw<v B<fwl, njædik klwnor) ny ijæÿ ikxw ik ''jb bwr ky elwky ky gw<v lhuky sy Awny vwlw kwiplw ksur sy picy Qww qo muslmwn hmlwvr kuc mihlwao< ko, jo SwwrIirk iÿxw ky kwrxw kwiply sy QwoVw Alg hue~ QwI<, jæbrn atwkr ly ge[ es kwiply ki ihpwjæq kr rhi imlytöi ny swrw kwiplw rok idxw AOr njædik ky gw<v ki kuc muslmwn iázxo< ko Agvw krky kwiply my< ly AwE AOr swqw hi as gw<v ky logo< ko kh AwE ik Xid vy log ApnI iázxo< ko shi-slwmq vwips cwhqy hy< qo phly kwiply my< sy jæbrn atw kr lwe~ iázxw< vwips ki jwe<[ es Gtnw ky QwoVI hi dyr bwd vy log kwiply my< sy ly jwe~ ge~ iázxo< ko CoV ge AOr ApnI iázxo< ko vwips ly ge['' pwikáqwn sy Awny vwly AOr pwikáqwn jwny vwly kwiplo< kw }t Alg-Alg hoqw Qww, #Xo<ik enky ek w hony pr d<gy hony kw fr Qww[ sur@ww ky m ynjær pwikáqwn sy Awny vwly kwiplo< kw }t swdwwrxwq: muiálm bhus<$xw vwly gw<vo<, ksbo< Awid sy dur rkw jwqw Qww[ bvy Swhro< ky pws sy kwiplo< ky gujærny sy phly hi imlytöi vhw< phu<c kr kwiply ki qrp iksi ko n Awny kw hu#m dyqi QwI[ es swvdwwni sy ivswy wq: SwyKUpurw, lwxlpur, guèjrw<vwlw Awid sy Awny vwly kwiplo< ko rwáqy my< pvqy ksur Swhr ky pws sy bhuq swvdwwni ky swqw ly jwxw jwqw Qww[ en kwiplo< ko lwhor sy Alg inkwlw jwqw Qww[ es qrh krny sy my< sy Awny vwly logo< ko Bwrq phu<cny ky ile ÈXwdw l<bw spr qx krnw pvw[ kwiplw kb AOr khw< sy clnw hy, iks rwáqy sy jwnw hy AOr rojæwnw clny, {kny kw smx qqww áqwwn, rwáqy my< piny vwly pwni Awid kw b<dw BI BwrqIX imlytöi ki qrp sy ikxw jwqw Qww[ esky Alwvw PrIdkot, pitxwlw AOr nwbw irxwsq ny BI as smx kwiplo< ki ke~ qrh sy mdd ki[ as smx PYly hyjy ky kwrxw bhuq swry log mr rhy Qwy[ pitxwlw irxwsq ny ÎXwjæ kw jus bnw kr logo< ky ile Byjw[ esky Alwvw ke~ bwr rwáqy my< nhro<-dirxwao< Awid pr pul tuty hony ky kwrxw Xw pwikáqwni imlytöi ªwrw Apny AwrjæI lohy ky pul atw lyny sy logo< ko bhuq muiskl Awe~, ijs kwrxw nwbw irxwsq ny ApnI qrp sy AwrjIæ lohy ky pul BI kwiplo< ky inklny ky ile bnwe[ hyjæw PYlw hony ky kwrxw bhuq-sy log bimwr ho ge AOr ke~ logo< ki rwáqy my< moq ho ge~[ es smx pwikáqwn sy Bwrq my< Kymkrn srhd pwr krqy smx fw#tri shwxqw ky ile ky<p BI srkwr ªwrw lgwe ge AOr logo< ko wqwimk shwxqw dyny ky Alwvw anky Kwny-pIny kw b<dw BI esi jgh pr ikxw gxw Qww[ AOr BI ke~ jgh pr fw#tri shwxqw ky ky<p

44 gurmiq zwn 46 lgwe ge, ijnmy< pwikáqwn sy Awny vwly logo< kw cykap krky bimwr logo< ko Aápqwlo< AOr AwrjæI Aápqwlo< my< dwikl kr anko TIk krky Byjw jwqw Qww[ s<xu#q p<jwb ky aári-piscmi ijælo< ky Agáq, 1947 e~. ky bwd pwikáqwn ki qrp sy ihjrq krny vwly ÈXwdwqr log fyrw bwbw nwnk ky rwáqy BwrqIX p<jwb my< dwikl hue[ en logo< ky hwlwq BI ihjrq krny vwly ANX logo< ki qrh hi Qwy[ es rwáqy Awny vwly kwiplo< my< sy Ek csmdid bujug~ s. s<purn is<g (gw<v B<fwl, njædik klwnor, ijælw gurdwspur) ny bqwxw ik ''rwáqy my< bwirsw bhuq pv rhi QwI[ ÈXwdwqr log pydl Qwy AOr logo< ny bçco< qqww bujugo~< ko k<dwo< pr atwxw huaw Qww[ rwáqy my< ke~ jgh <cw áqwwn dykkr kwiplw {k jwqw Qww[ rwáqy kicv ky swqw Bry pvy Qwy AOr rwáqo< my< muslmwno< ny kw<c Py<kw huaw Qww, ijssy bhuq-sy logo< ky pyro< my< kw<c lg-lgkr lhu inkl rhw Qww[ pr sy muslmwno< ky hjum kwiply ky Aws-pws brcy, pwxw, kuøhwvi Awid ile iprqy Qwy[ ke~ bwr vy hmlw krny ky ile kwiply ky iksi ihásy pr tut pvqy ijssy bhuq-sy inhëqwy, lwcwr, Qwky-tUty, BUKy- ÎXwsy log mwry jwqy Xw j$æmi ho jwqy Qwy[ hmwry kwiply my< ikly vwly bwbw swqw Qwy[ (iklw sobw is<g, ijælw rwvlip<fi, ijnkw fyrw Awjkl noswhrw mèjw is<g, ijælw gurdwspur my< hy[) anky pws kuc b<duky< QwI<[ jb BI hjum kwiply pr hmlw krqw Xw smip Awqw qo vy b<duko< sy PwXr krqy, ijssy hmlwvr hjum picy ht jwqw['' kuc esi qrh ki hwlq dusry kwiplo< ki BI hue~ jo gujrwq, rwvlip<fi, pyswwvr, srgodww, isawlkot, nwrovwl sy fyrw bwbw nwnk ky rwáqy AwE Qwy[ sy Awny vwly log jmmu ki qrp sy BI BwrqIX p<jwb my< dwikl hue[ Xh ihjrq Ek dm nhi< hue~, biøk ke~ mhino< qk Xh islislw clqw rhw[ dur sy Awny vwly kwiply ky Alwvw Bwrq-pwikáqwn ky ky log, jhw< sy iksi ko srhd njædik AOr lgi, vy vhw< sy gujær kr BwrqIX p<jwb my< phu<c ge[ srhd ky njædik sy Awny vwly bhuq-sy logo< ki irsqydwirxw< ne~ bni srhd sy es qrp AQww~q` BwrqIX p<jwb my< QwI[ anho<ny kitn smx my< anko vhw< sy inkwlny AOr jhw< qk ho skw ankw swmwn lwny my< BI mdd ki[ gurdwspur ijæly kw Sw#krgFæ kw elwkw AOr lwhor ijæly ky KwlVw, pæi, vltohw Ev< Kymkrn Qwwno< (Awjkl qrnqwrn ijæly ki pæi qhsil kw elwkw) ky Bwrq Xw pwikáqwn my< hony ky bwry my< AiniScqqw QwI, #Xo<ik lwhor ijælw pwikáqwn my< clw gxw Qww AOr gurdwspur ijælw Bwrq my< Aw gxw Qww, esile logo< my< AiniScqqw bni hue~ QwI ik vy ikdwr jwe<[ eski Ek imswl csmdid zwni rgbir is<g ( I Am qsr) sy pqw clqi hy ik anki ssurwl (gw<v) Kwsw ky njædik gw<v c#k muk<d my< QwI, jo ivbwjn ky smx zwni rgbir is<g ky gw<v huifawrw (brki ky pws ijælw lwhor, pwikáqwn kw Ek gw<v) clw gxw, esile ik SwwXd Kwsw ky pws kw elwkw pwikáqwn my< clw gxw hy[ vy bqwqy hy< ik srhd pr bsy gw<v cit`taw< vwlw AOr

45 gurmiq zwn 47 brki (Ab pwikáqwn, ijælw lwhor) KwlVw Qwwny ky ADwIn Bwrq kw ihásw Qwy[ dyswivbwjn ky bwd an gw<vo< pr pwikáqwn ny kñjæw kr ilxw Qww[ esi qrh ki AOr BI ke~ imswly< hy<, ijssy as smx Bwrqpwikáqwn srhd ky bwry my< logo< my< Asm<js pydw hony kw pqw clqw hy[ esi qrh Ek csmdid s. hrcrn is<g, ijnky ipqw s. jodw is<g (gw<v l yvwli) as smx Qwwnw KwlVw my< mu$x Qwwnw APæsr Qwy, bqwqy hy< ik ''lwhor kw syswn jj cimw KwlVw Qwwny my< Awkr myry ipqw ji sy khny lgw ik 'Xh Qwwnw pwikáqwn puils ko idxw jwe, #Xo<ik Xh pwikáqwn my< Aw cukw hy[' s. jodw is<g ny asi smx KwlVw sy Ek swhukwr ki kwr li AOr Es. Es. pi. I Am qsr ky pws jwkr es smb<dwi iáqwiq áp t krny ky ile pucw qo Es. Es. pi. ny khw ik 'KwlVw Qwwnw Bwrq my< hy[' s. jodw is<g ny KwlVw phu<c kr syswn jj cimw ky swmny swri iáqwiq áp t ki[ syswn jj cimw ApnI ijæd pr kwpi dyr qk AVw rhw, pr<qu s. jodw is<g ny Qwwny kw Bwr asy n idxw['' es qrh es elwky ky logo< ky ile Xh PYslw krnw kwpi muiskl Qww ik vy Bwrq my< hy< Xw pwikáqwn my< AOr bwf~r lwen khw< hy[ as smx APvwho< kw bwjwr BI kwpi gm~ Qww[ csmdid kyîtn s. hrdip is<g (gw<v nyswtw) ky Anuswr, ''Xh iáqwiq 18 Agáq, 1947 e~. ko áp t hue~ AOr bhuq swry logo< ky ile 18 Agáq kxwmq ki rwq QwI['' esi qrh ijælw gurdwspur ki qhsil Sw#krgFæ ky log, jo Apny Awp ko gurdwspur ijæly kw ihásw hony ky kwrxw Bwrq my< smjqy Qwy, ko kwpi aljn ky bwd Sw#krgFæ qhsil ky pwikáqwn my< jwny ky kwrxw BwrqIX p<jwb my< Awnw pvw[ ihjrq krny vwly logo< kw Apny Gr CoVny kw smx Alg-Alg rhw AOr Xh kwx~vwhi kuc mhino< qk clqi rhi[ srhd ky njædiki invwisxo< ko ihjrq ky dorwn Bwrq Awny my< smx BI km lgw AOr vy rwáqy ki Bwg-dOV sy BI kwpi bcy rhy[ BwrqIX p<jwb my< bsqy anky irsqydwro< ny BI anki kwpi shwxqw ki, pr<qu dur sy Awny vwly logo< ko bhuq muisklo< kw swmnw krnw pvw[ dur sy Awny vwly logo< ky ile jhw< srkwr ny BI b<dw krny ki koiswsw ki, vhi< srhdi elwko< sy ihjrq krky Awny vwly logo< ki BwrqIX p<jwb ky srhdi gw<vo< ky logo< ny BI l<gr pkwny AOr Thrny ky ile b<dw Awid krky kwpi mdd ki[ es smx ky dorwn pwikáqwn ki qrp sy Awny vwly is#ko<-ih<duao< pr jhw< lutyro<, kwiqlo<, bye~mwno< AOr quaásbi muslmwno< ny juøm ike qqww lut-mwr ki, vhi< pwikáqwni imlytöi, puils, rylvy, NXwiXk AOr isivl Swwsn BI es kwm my< picy nhi< rhw[ bdly ki Bwvnw AOr sw< dwixk junun ny mwnvix dwixëvo< ko pcwv idxw[ b<tvwry ky kwrxw p<jwb kw smucw isivl AOr puils Swwsn puri qrh sy qhs-nhs ho cukw Qww[ Xhw< qk ik qhsildwr, jj Awid ke~ AiDwkwirXo< ko d<gwexo< ny mwr idxw Qww[ ijn jjo<, AiDwkwirXo< Awid ki shwxqw ky ile POj ko lgwxw gxw Qww POj ankw hu#m qk mwnny ko qyxwr nhi< QwI[ pwikáqwni imlytöi AOr puils ªwrw vhw< sy ihjrq krny vwly ih<du-is#ko< ky

46 gurmiq zwn 48 swmuihk Xw Ek-Ek krky ike ge kël-e- Awm ki ke~ adwhrxwy< csmdid bqwqy hy<[ imlytöi, puils AOr isivl Swwsn ky Alwvw muiálm lig ky vk~r qqww anki qrp sy qyxwr ki ge~ ivswy w synw nyswnl gwf`~jæ, ih<du jëqwyb<di jns<g AOr is#ko< ky hiqwxwrb<d jëqwo< Awid ny BI musibq ky mwry logo< pr juøm krky mwhol ko ibgwv kr logo< ki musibqo< ko bfæwxw[ dysw-ivbwjn ky swqw pydw hony vwly BXwnk hwlwq ky bwry my< dono< dyswo< Xw komo< ky nyqwao< ny kbi g<birqw sy nhi< socw Qww, esile dysw-ivbwjn ky bwd p<jwb ky dono< qrp (purbi AOr piscmi) sy ajv kr jwny Xw Awny vwly logo< ky ile koe~ Kws b<dw nhi< ike ge[ hwlw<ik sr pyfrl mun, jo as smx irxwsq bhwvlpur kw m<zi Qww, ny lwf~ esmy ko Ek ic I ky mwdxm sy Awny vwli es smáxw ki hkikq ky bwry my< eswwrw BI ikxw Qww[ es bwry my< lwf~ mwa<tbytn ny 11 me~, 1947 e~. ko iswmlw my< dysw ky muk nyqwao<-- Èvwhr lwl nyh} AOr imátr ijnwh ky swqw sw<ji bytk my< ijæÿ BI ikxw, pr<qu aski bwq ko Ansunw krky AwbwdI ky áqwwnw<qrxw sy smb<idwq kvvi hkikq ko nyqwao< ny Aw<Ko< sy AoJl kr idxw AOr esky ile koe~ AwgwmI b<dw nhi< ike[ kw<grys AOr muiálm lig AwbwdI ky áqwwnw<qrxw ky hk my< nhi< QwI, cwhy bwd my< dono< dyswo< ky drimxwn essy smb<idwq Ek sw<jw kwx~ÿm BI bnwxw gxw Qww[ vh BI dono< qrp ky Swwsink AiDwkwirXo< ki lwprvwhi, quaásb kærqw, AwpsI qwlmyl ki kmi AOr AshXog Awid ky kwrxw shwxk is n ho skw[ vysy BI Xh dyr sy ki ge~ kwx~vwhi QwI ijsky koe~ swqw~k pirxwwm n inkly[ Bwrq my< Awny pr logo< ko bhuq l<bw smx BwrI muisklo< kw swmnw krnw pvw[ sbsy phly ajv kr AwE logo< ky ile irhwxsw AOr Kwny-pIny kw b<dw krnw dono< dyswo< ki ne~ hkumqo< ky ile bhuq bvi cunoqi QwI, #Xo<ik dysw ki AwjæwdI AOr b<tvwrw dono< kwm ek w hue Qwy, esile srkwr ky pws swdwn BI km Qwy[ BwrqIX p<jwb my< Awny pr logo< ny ApnI-ApnI sw<j Xw irsqydwri vwly gw<vo<, Swhro<, ksbo< Awid my< Awkr invws ikxw AOr edwr sy gw<v, Swhr Awid CoV kr pwikáqwn jwny vwly muslmwno< ky KwlI hue Gro<, hvyilxo< Awid my< rhny ky ile jgh bnwe~[ edwr muslmwno< ky KwlI hue Gro<, mkwno<, jæmino<, pswuao< qqww ANX eáqymwl Xo^X swmwn pr áqwwnix invwisxo< ny Apny kñjæy kr ile, esile pwikáqwn sy ajv kr Awny vwly ke~ log es p@w sy BI KwlI rh ge[ ipr Bwrq srkwr ny pwikáqwn sy AwE logo< ko Xhw< sy pwikáqwn ge muslmwno< ky Gro<, Pslo< Awid ki kçci Alwtmy<t ki, ijssy irïxuijæxo< ko kuc rwhq imli[ dono< dyswo< ki srkwro< ny dysw CoV kr ge logo< ki KwlI hue~ jæmino<, jwxdwdo<, Gro< ki pymwesw krvwe~[ Bwrq my< pwikáqwn sy AwE logo< ko Xh sb kuc Alwt ikxw gxw[ pwikáqwn sy AwE jæmino< ky mwilko< ko jæmin pr 30 iqswq ktoqi lgwkr jæmin di ge~ AOr pwikáqwn sy Awny vwly gw<vo< ky mwilko< Xw hjæwro< EkV ky mwilko< ky ile AiDwk sy

47 gurmiq zwn 49 AiDwk 400 EkV jæmin ki hd qx ki ge~[ Bwrq my< pwikáqwn sy ajv kr Awny vwly logo< ko dyny ky ile jæmin ki kmi QwI, #Xo<ik Bwrq my< sy ge ÈXwdwqr log jæmin sy rihq AOr grib Qwy[ esky ivpriq pwikáqwn sy Awny vwly log, Kwskr is#k, ÈXwdwqr KulI jæmino< ky mwilk Qwy[ Xh smáxw kwpi bvi QwI[ Xh kwpi l<bw AOr Alg iv wx hy[ kuc bui mwn APsro< AOr is#k nyqwao< ny srkwr kw es bwq ki qrp Kws DXwn idlwxw ik ijs gw<v, elwky, qhsil Awid my< sy log bwr ky elwky my< jwkr bsy Qwy anko BwrqIX p<jwb my< ApnI p TBUim vwly Xw pyq k gw<vo< my< jæmin-jwxdwd Awid Alwt ki jwe qwik ajv kr AwE log Apny dd~ ko Gtwny ky ile AOr shxog wîq krny ky ile Apny Bwe~cwry ky áqwwnix logo< ky swqw Ek ho sky<[ es qrh ajv kr AwE logo< ko smucy p<jwb (vq~mwn hirxwxww sihq) my< jwxdwdy<-jæminy< di ge~<[ ivbwjn ky bwd Bwrq Awkr bsnw pwikáqwn my< sy ajv kr Awny sy BI kitn AOr l<bw kwm Qww[ es bvi aqwl-puqwl ky swqw bvy-bvy srdwr, SwwhUkwr AOr AmIr log BI k<gwl hokr ijæ<dgi ky es kvvy AnuBv ky swqw juj rhy Qwy[ es ZwsdI kw Bwv logo< ky jivn-cirz pr BI pvw[ logo< ko Apny jivn-invw~h ky ile bhuq bury v#q my< mjæduri Awid krni pvi[ p<jwb ky log, ijnho<ny dono< dyswo< ki DwrqI ko Apny lhu ky swqw r<g kr AOr Apnw sb kuc lutw kr Bwrq ki AwjæwdI AOr ne bny muøk pwikáqwn ki kimq Adw ki, bhuq s$æq myhnq AOr isw q ky swqw pun: Apny pyro< pr KVy hue[ dysw ki AwjæwdI my< pro@w }p sy Xogdwn ko qo apxu#q jgh eiqhws ki ikqwbo< my< iml cuki hy, pr<qu Apro@w }p sy ijn logo< ny es ivbwjn ki pivw ko Apny SwrIr pr Jylw hy, an logo< ki bwq nwm-mwz Xw bhuq km hue~ hy[ es ivbwjn kw sbsy AiDwk Bwv p<jwb, Kws kr is#ko< pr pvw[ p<jwb kw ivbwjn hue 70 swl ho ge hy<[ 1947 e~. ky p<jwb-ivbwjn sy smb<idwq bhuq sy phlu ABI qk BI puri qrh sy swmny nhi< Aw sky[ as smx ky Gitq smucy GtnwŸm ko bhup@wix njæire sy dykny-smjny ky ile as smx ky ijæ<dw bcy csmdid logo< ky Aw<Ko< dyky, kwno< suny AnuBvo< ko irkwf~ Xw ilikq }p sy s<bwl kr rknw smx ki mu$x jæ}rq hy[

48 < < < gurmiq zwn 50 synw ky mhwnwxk jnrl s. jgjiq is<g (AroVw) BwrqIX synw ky gorvswwli eiqhws my lyiïtny <t jnrl s. jgjiq is<g (AroVw) ko sdyv svo~çc áqwwn pr iqi Tq ikxw jwqw hy[ vy Eysy gorvswwli smx ky mhwnwxk hy < ijsmy A<qrw~ töix áqr pr Bwrq ki nyq kutniiqk koswlqw, prwÿm AOr adwrqw ky sunhry r<g dyky ge hy <[ jnrl swihb kw jnm 13 PrvrI, 1916 e~. ko AivBwijq Bwrq (Ab pwikáqwn) ky jyhlm ijæly ky Swhr kwlygujrw< my< huaw Qww[ BwrqIX synw ki p<jwb ryjimy<t my< 1939 e~. my< Awpny syky<f lyiïtny<t kw kmiswn wîq ikxw[ iªqix ivsv Xu ky smx ryjimy <t ki Qwm btwilxn ki kmwn s<bwlny ky aprw<q bmw~ my < s. jgjiq is<g (AroVw) ny KUb johr idkwxy Qwy[ v w~ 1946 my< ksmir synx AiBXwn my rwjori ijæly ky pir my < kuswl nyq Ëv ky Pláv}p mh} ky enpy <töi ákul my < ifîti kmw<fr rhy jnrl swihb ko PrvrI, 1947 e~. my< ibrgyf ki kmwn so<p di ge~ AOr es kwr e~. ky synx imswn my < nyq Ëv dwn ikxw[ ApnI BwvSwwlI lgn, nyq prwÿm, adwrqw, kutniiqk koswlqw Ev< smxb qw ky ile ivswy w }p sy phcwny jwny vwly jnrl s. jgjiq is<g (AroVw) ko kn~l pd pr pdoºq ike jwny sy puv~ ke~ mhävpuxw~ synx ijmmydwirxw< so<pi ge~ QwI<, ijnkw Awpny ivªqwpuv~k bwkubi invw~h ikxw[ -s. surjiq is<g* my < synw ki 33vI< kor kmwn s<bwlny sy puv~ Awp synw mu$xwlx my < synx isw@wxw ky<«my< indy ~Swk pd pr AwsIn rhy[ jnrl swihb v w~ 1960 my < nyswnl ifpy <s kwlyj ky apro#q puvi~ sy#tr ky ibgryifxr jnrl AWP kor hyf #vwt~s~ pr qynwq ike ge[ PrvrI, 1963 e~. my < myjr jnrl pdoºiq ky pscwq Awpny enpy<töi ifvijn ki kmwn s<bwli[ jun, 1966 e~. my< ifîti cip AWP AwmI~ átwp bnny ky swqw hi y T apliñdwxo< vwly jnrl swihb ko lyiïtny <t jnrl ki apwidw sy smmwinq kr idxw gxw Qww[ A Yl, 1967 e~. qk esi pd pr bny rhny ky aprw<q Awpko kor hyf #vwt~s~ ky jnrl AWiPsr kmwif<g (ji. Ao. si.) ky }p my< qynwq ikxw gxw[ v w~ 1969 my < puvi~ kmwn ky ji. Ao. si. en cip ki inxui#q pwny vwly lyiïtny<t jnrl swihb ky synx jivn ki svw~idwk bvi cunoqi sn` 1971 my < pwikáqwn ky swqw icvy Xu ky }p my < swmny Awe~[ pwikáqwn ny 3 ids<br, 1971 e~. ko Bwrq ky muk vwxu syink Af`fo< pr hvwe~ hmlo< ky swqw Kulw Xu CyV idxw Qww[ jnrl swihb ny pwk synw ky iklwp suinxoijq synx AiBXwn wr<b krqy hue Xu -rxwniiq ky Anuswr Qwl synw AOr vwxu synw ki swmuihk Swi#q kw apxog ikxw[ pwk synw ko picy KdyVqy hue anki Gyrwb<dI krny hyqu bvi s<$xw *57-bI, NXU kwloni gumwnpurw kotw (rwj.) Pon :

49 < gurmiq zwn 51 my< BwrqIX syinko< ko vwxu synw ky ivmwno<-- hylikwîtro< ki mdd sy pyrwswut ªwrw aqwr idxw[ syink kuc krny ky ile hwe~vy mwgo~ AOr mu$x svko< ky áqwwn pr ksbo< Ev< gw<vo< ky rwáqo< sy sswáz synwao< ko Awgy bfæwxw gxw[ jnrl swihb ki kuswl syink ÛXUh rcnw ky Pláv}p Fwkw kw smb<dw cwro< qrp sy kt gxw AOr mwz do sîqwh ky Gmwswn my < hi pwikáqwni synw Dváq ho gxi[ Ab pwk synw ky swmny AwËmsmp~xw krny ky Aiqir#q AOr koe~ rwáqw Swy w nhi< bcw[ ivvsw Ev< hwrkr 16 ids<br, 1971 e~. ko pwikáqwni synw ky kmw<fr jnrl E. E. ky. inxwji ny smáq AwXuDw hiqwxwro< AOr 90 hjæwr syinko< ky swqw BwrqIX synw ky kmw<fr jnrl s. jgjiq is<g (AroVw) ky smmuk AwËmsmp~xw kr idxw[ es kwr jnrl swihb ki AguAwe~ my < BwrqIX synw ny dysw ky rwjniiqk nyq Ëv ky erwdo< ko b<glwdysw kw adx kr ivsv ptl ky Dwrwql pr vwáqivkqw ky swqw aqwr idxw[ es Eyiqhwisk jiq ky pscwq Bwrq ky spuq jnrl swihb kw nwm Gr-Gr jwnw-phcwnw ho gxw AOr A<qrw~ töix áqr pr Cw gxw[ jnrl swihb jysy AnuSwwisq AOr adwridl synw mhwnwxk ivrly hi hoqy hy<[ BwrI dbwv ky bwvjud jnrl swihb ny AwËmsmp~xw ike hue 90 hjæwr pwk syinko< ko smpuxw~ sur@ww dwn ki QwI, jbik b<glw mui#q vwihni AOr áqwwnix jnqw pwk syinko< ky KUn ki ÎXwsI QwI[ ''qyry Bwxwy srbá dw Blw'' cwhny vwly jnrl swihb ny iksi pwk syink ky SwrIr pr Kro<c qk nhi< Awny di[ ivswy w KUibXo< sy Bry ÛXi#qËv vwly jnrl swihb 'swdw jivn açc ivcwr' ky Anu}p Apny shxogi jvwno< ky bic KUb Gul-iml jwqy Qwy[ pdm BU wxw Ev< prm ivisw t syvw myfl sy smmwinq jnrl swihb synw sy 1973 e~. my< syvwinv Á hokr smwj-syvw my< jivn-xwpn krny lgy[ v w~ 1986 my< jnrl swihb Bwrq ki rwèx sbw ky ile cun ile ge[ dyink jivn my< puxw~ e~mwndwri Ev< pwrdisw~qw Apnwny vwly jnrl swihb kw jivn sdyv KulI ikqwb ki Bw<iq rhw hy, jhw< l@x- wiîq ky ile sidwy rwáqy pr clkr glq ËXo< kw Kulkr ivrodw huaw hy[ I drbwr swihb Ev< I Akwl q$æq swihb pr hue AwŸmxw kw ivrodw krny vwly jnrl swihb ny 1984 e~. ky pwisvk ŸUr këlyawm ky piivqo< ko NXwX Ev< shwxqw idlwny kw Brsk Xws ikxw Qww[ Xh BI s<xog hi hy ik jnrl swihb Ev< jnrl inxwji AivBwijq Bwrq ky Swhr #vytw ky Ek hi kwlyj ky shpwti rhy Qwy[ synw ky cmkqy mhwnwxk jnrl s. jgjiq is<g (AroVw) 89 v w~ ki AwXu my < 3 me~, 2005 e~. ko prlok gmn kr ge[ vy smmwn ki açc pr<prwao< kw qik bn sidxo< qk BwrqvwisXo< my < aëswh AOr josw Brqy rhy <gy[ jnrl swihb eiqhws ky Eysy iswøpkwr hy < ijnho<ny Bwrq ko A<qrw~ töix ptl pr iq Tw idlwe~ hy[ Bwrq AOr b<glw dysw ki jw my< jnrl swihb ki aë t rw töix syvwao< kw ámrxw bvy gv~ AOr smmwn ky swqw ikxw jwqw hy[ Awj vy Bly hi hmwry bic sswrir nhi< rhy ik<qu jb BI BwrqIX synw ky prwÿm AOr SwOX~ kw vxw~n hogw, jnrl swihb kw ávxw~ A@wro< my < ilkw huaw nwm hmysw-hmysww sv~ Qwm ámrxw ikxw jwqw rhygw[

50 gurmiq zwn 52 mu I my< ly li v#q ki rïqwr Awp ny[ phni jo miri-piri ki pwxw Awp ny[ Swi#q n bylgwm rhy Bi#q ky bgyr, phlu-b-phlu bw<dw li pwxw Awp ny[ dusmn sy khw Awpny, qu phly vwr kr, phly nhi< ikxw hy kbi vwr Awp ny[ iksny inbwe j<g my< qhjæib ky asul, srkwr Awp ny, myri srkwr Awp ny[ jo h<sqy-h<sqy jwn BI dyqy hy< Pj~ pr, pydw ike vo hk ky phrydwr Awp ny[ Swwho< my< Awp Swwh, PkIro< my< Qwy PkIr, esko bnwxw ihásw-e-ikrdwr Awp ny[ dr sy svwli loty qo Br-Br ky JoilXw<, Byjw kbi n KwlI qlbgwr Awp ny[ I gu{ hirgoib<d swihb -s. krnyl is<g 'srdwr p<ci'* mw<gw Qww Ek bytw mgr pw ge~ vo swq, njær-e-km~ sy dykw jo dwqwr Awp ny[ m<ijæl idkwe~ dyqi hy, mui#q ki swpæ-swpæ, XU< kr idxw hy rwáqw hmvwr Awp ny[ kl ko sjygi espy BI klgi esi ile, sr pr sjwe~ kysri dsqwr Awp ny[ Ab ijæ<dgi ki rwh my< koe~ Kll nhi<, plko< sy cun ile hy< sbi Kwr Awp ny[ ds surjo< ki bèm ky surj hy< Awp BI, pwxw hy AwPæqwb-sw ikrdwr Awp ny[ imlqi rhygi roswni sidxo< qlk hmy<, roswn jo ki hy mswal-e-apækwr Awp ny[ lgijæsw myri jubw< my< QwI gu<gw myrw klm, b$æswi hy enko kuûvq-e-guïqwr Awp ny[ *jyti ngr, mlyr kotlw rof, Kºw , ijælw luidwxwnw (p<jwb), Pon : gjæl smx kpti rhw as idn, AOr srsw byvpw inkli[ AOr<gy ky vjiro< ki, hr ksm dgw inkli[ gu{-s<g lwl do rh ge v dwdi s<g Qwy do poqy, vo mmqw ki BrI mwqw, ik idl KwlI sy hw inkli[ ibcuv ge sb srsw py, {li rwho< my < hy mmqw, bni kwiql mwsumo< ki, vo g<gu ki dxw inkli[ vpw ibk ge~ #Xw gujri, vo gujri ijspy vo hi jwny, rjæw my < cl pvy rwhi, vo rwh cmkor jw inkli[ gfæi kçci, isdk p#kw, smx ki prk my < pury *248, Arbn Aátyt, luidwxwnw , Pon : s. siqnwm is<g koml* AOr SwwhI POj dusmn ki, gu{ ji pws Aw inkli[ gu{ ky is<g hy < cwlis AOr dusmn hy vo lwko< my <, lvy hy < lwl siqgu{ ky, sdw cfædi klw inkli[ Swhwdq di hy byto< ny, bwp ky swmny lv kr, Bu kw hu#m mwnw hy, gu{-muk sy sdw inkli[ rjæw aski my < rhnw hi, XhI mksd hy jivn kw, SwhIdI dono< byto< ki, n bnkr hy iglw inkli[ pvi bykpn lwswy < hi, gu{ ji CoV kr cl ide, iksi Xh bwp ko molw, Xh kysi hy sjw inkli? ikxw hy SwuŸ bn swbr, gfæi ko Alivdw kh di, jmwnw byvpw 'koml', Bu sy hy vpw inkli[

51 gurmiq zwn 53 gurbwxwi ic<qndwwrw : 115 sloku m: 1 ] pihlw sucw Awip hoe sucy bytw Awe ] sucy AgY rikaonu koe n ibitao jwe ] sucw hoe ky jyivaw lgw pvixw sloku ] kuhqwi jwe~ sitaw iksu Ehu lgw doku ] A<nu dyvqw pwxwi dyvqw bys<q{ dyvqw luxwu p<jvw pweaw igrqu ] qw hoaw pwku pivqu ] pwpi isa qnu gifaw Qwukw pe~aw iqqu ] ijqu muik nwmu n crih ibnu nwvy rs Kwih ] nwnk EvY jwxwiey iqqu muik Qwukw pwih ]1] (pºw 473) es slok my< I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ny klxugi jivo< ko smjwxw hy ik bwhr ki pivzqw sy A<q:krxw Swu nhi< hoqw[ swqw hi es qqx ko BI ajwgr ikxw hy ik ApivZqw iksi BoÈX swmgri my< nhi< hy biøk mnu X ªwrw nwm-ismrn n krny ky kwrxw asky A<dr hy, esile pivz pdwqwo~< sy pivz }p sy qyxwr ikxw gxw Bojn BI mnu X ky (g<dy) pyt my< jwkr ApivZ ho jwqw hy[ mnu X bwhr sy byswk ávçc ho, lyikn Bu-ismrn ky ibnw ApnI ij<dgi ApivZ Ev< idw#kwr Xo^X bnw lyqw hy[ gu{ pwqswwh pwvn Prmwn krqy hy< ik sv~ Qwm (brw³xw) nhw- Dwokr AQww~q` ánwn Awid krky co<ky pr Aw Awsw ki vwr : ivcwr ÛXw$Xw *2/104, jvwhr ngr, jxpur , Pon : fw. mnjiq kor* bytqw hy AOr asky sm@w Xjmwn vh Bojn lwkr prosqw hy ijsy iksi ny CuAw qk nhi< hoqw AQww~q` pivz Bojn qyxwr krky sbsy phly brw³xw ky Awgy prosw jwqw hy[ brw³xw BI ávçcqw sy Bojn grhxw krqw hy AOr es dorwn slok pfæny lgqw hy (qwik Bojn ki pivzqw kwxm rhy)[ Xh Bojn pyt my< jwkr iv tw kw }p ho jwqw hy AOr ipr asy ËXwg Awqw hy[ gu{ pwqswwh ky ic<qnwnuswr pivz Bojn kw iv tw }p my< pirviq~q hony kw do w AwiKr iksko lgygw? Bojn ijn pdwqwo<~ sy qyxwr huaw Qww vy qo AËX<q pivz }p my< mwny jwqy hy<[ Aº dyvqw, pwni dyvqw qqww Ai^n BI dyvqw mwni jwqi hy[ coqwy pdwqw~ nmk AOr pw<cvy< pdwqw~ GI ky Bojn my< pfæny sy hi qo Bojn ávwid t v puxw~qxw pivz huaw[ Plq: pivz pdwqwo~< sy inim~q Bojn ki ApivZqw kw kwrxw mnu X kw SwrIr hy[ o. swihb is<g ky ic<qnwnuswr dyvqwao< ky es SwrIr ki (Bwv es pivz Bojn ki) pwpi (mnu X) ky swqw s<giq hoqi hy, esile es pr QwUk pvqi hy, eski in<dw hoqi hy[ I gu{ nwnk pwqswwh A<iqm p<i#qxo< my< jiv ko smjwqy hue pwvn Prmwn krqy hy< ik jo mnu X muk sy nwm-ismrn nhi< krqy AOr nwm-ismrn ky ibnw ávwid t pdwqwo~< kw syvn krqy hy< anky muk ko BI sdyv

52 gurmiq zwn 54 idw#kwrw jwqw hy AQww~q` Eysy jiv jo e~svr kw ismrn n krqy hue kyvl JUTy rso< my< glqwn hy< ankw jivn idw#kwr Xo^X hy[ Eysy jivo< ko sçcw suk AOr smmwn kdwicq nsib nhi< hoqw[ es slok my< gu{ swihb ny jivo< ko smjwxw hy ik ApivZqw iksi Kw pdwqw~ AQwvw pyx pdwqw~ my< nhi< hy Aipqu Bu-ismrn sy rihq mnu X kw jivn hi ApivZqw hy[ jhw< e~svr kw ismrn hy vhw< qo iv w BI Am q bn jwqw hy[ Bu-ismrn ky ibnw cwhy mnu X bwhr sy swp, ávçc AOr su<dr ho, CÁIs kwr ky ávwid t-rsily pdwqwo~< kw Bog kry, lyikn Bu-nwm ky ibnw vh ApnI ijndgi ko ibgwv lyqw hy AOr G xww kw pwz bn jwqw hy[ Bu-nwm ky ibnw jiv iqrá q hi hoqw hy[ gurbwxwi my< ANXZ BI esi Bwv ki pui t hue~ hy ik mnu X bwhr sy Anyk kwr ky km~-kw<fo< vwlw Awcrxw krqw hy AOr Bunwm ky ibnw asy es Awcrxw kw Ah<kwr ho jwqw hy jo bwr-bwr idw#kwr Xo^X hy[ pwvn bwxwi kw es s<db~ my < Prmwn hy : krm kw<f bhu krih Acwr ] ibnu nwvy idwrgu idwrgu Ah<kwr ] (pºw 162) gurbwxwi my< qo Xhw< qk sucyq ikxw gxw hy ik vh jivn qqww invws BI idw#kwr Xo^X hy jo Bu-nwm sy ivhin hy : ibnu nwvy idwrgu vwsu iptu su jiivaw ] sbid svwriawsu A<imRqu piivaw ] (pºw 148) coqwy pwqswwh ki pwvn bwxwi my< BI XhI s<dysw hy ik Bu-nwm sy ivhin jiv idw#kwr Xo^X jivn jiqy hy<[ jo Bu-Swrxw my< hoqy hy< anhy< s<q-pu{ wo< ki s<giq sy Bu-nwm kw Brosw qqww smmwn wîq hoqw hy : ibnu nwvy idwrgu jivdy ivic ibstw mnmuk rwku ]... s<qs<giq mylwpu kir hir nwmu imly piq swku ] (pºw 997) m: 1 ] B<if j<miey B<if in<miey B<if m<gxwu viawhu ] B<fhu hovy dosqi B<fhu cly rwhu ] B<fu muaw B<fu BwlIEy B<if hovy b<dwwnu ] so ika m<dw AwKIEy ijqu j<mih rwjwn ] B<fhu hi B<fu pjy B<fY bwju n koe ] nwnk B<fY bwhrw Eko scw soe ] (pºw 473) áquq slok my< I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ny nwri ky hk my< qqww asky mwn-smmwn my< bul<d nwrw idxw[ Bwrq ki lgbg AwDwI AwbwdI AOrqy< hy<[ jivn ky svw~<gixw ivkws hyqu pu{ w AOr nwri dono< kw hi smwn mhäv hy[ nwri ko hmysww hr }p sy kmjæor mwnw gxw[ nwri ki iáqwiq hr Xug my< dxnix rhi[ Xhw< qk ik AwDwuink smjy jwny vwly piscm dyswo< ky ivªwn BI nwri ko pu{ w ky smwn djw~ idlwny kw hoslw nhi< kr sky[ mdxkwl my< qulsidws ny qo ázi kw djw~ pswu AOr g<vwr sy <cw nhi< mwnw AOr Xhw< qk kh idxw : For ^vwr SwU«A{ nwri[ Xy sb qwvn ky AiDwkwrI[ esi mdxkwl my< I gu{ nwnk dyv ji ny ázi ky smmwn Ev< gorv qqww asky hko< ki r@ww hyqu bul<d nwrw dyqy hue ázi Ev< pu{ w ky smnvx-bwv ko d Fæ krvwqy hue áp t ikxw ik ázi ko inmn smjnw mul sy hi glq hy[

53 gurmiq zwn 55 gu{ pwqswwh pwvn Prmwn krqy hy< ik ázi sy hi mnu X pydw hoqw hy[ ázi ky gb~ my< hi jiv ky SwrIr kw inmw~xw hoqw hy[ ázi sy hi sgwe~ Ev< ivvwh hoqw hy[ ázi sy hi dusro< sy smb<dw bnqw hy[ ázi sy hi s i t ki rcnw kw mwg~ clqw hy[ Agr Ek ázi ki m ËXu ho jwe qo dusri ázi ki Koj Swu} ho jwqi hy[ ázi sy hi dusro< sy irsqydwri bnqi hy[ (Ek pirvwr dusry pirvwr sy juvqw hy[) jo ázi rwjwao< ki BI jnni hy asy inmn kysy kh skqy hy<? vh inmn kysy ho skqi hy? ázi ky ibnw jiv ki aëpiá ki køpnw nhi< ki jw skqi[ ázi BI ázi sy hi pydw hoqi hy[ kyvl sëx áv}p e~svr hi hy jo ázi sy pydw nhi< hoqw (#Xo<ik e~svr ávx< sy kwswvwn hy)[ ázi ho Xw pu{ w, jo Apny muk sy sdyv hir-guxw gwxn krqy hy< vhi vwihgu{ ky drbwr my< SwoBw pwqy hy< AQww~q` su<dr lgqy hy<[ ázi my< w iqk }p sy kuc ivswy w guxw hy<, jo asy AwDXwiËmk mwg~ my< AgRxwIX Goi wq krqy hy<[ dxw, s<qo w, ivnmrqw Awid ky kwrxw vh piq- ym wîq krqi hy AOr enhi< guxwo< sy hi i Xqm Bu ko pwxw jw skqw hy[ pwvn gurbwxwi kw Prmwn hy : jwe puchu sohwgxwi qusi rwivaw ikni guxw<i ] shij s<qoik sigwriaw imtw bolxwi ] ip{ riswlu qw imly jw gur kw sbdu suxwi ] (pºw 17) p<cm pwqswwh ny nwri ki mihmw bxwn krqy hue asy swry pirvwr my < y T Ev< báis guxw Dwwrxw krny vwli, smx Awny pr dyvrjyt ko BI prwmsw~ dykr Gr my< puxw~qxw Sww<iq brkrwr rkqy hue Awn<dmXI vwqwvrxw bnwny vwli khw hy : bqih sulkxwi scu s<qiq puq ] AwigAwkwrI sugv s}p ] ec pury mn k<q suawmi ] sgl s<qoki dyr jytwni ]3] sb prvwry mwih sryst ] mqi dyvi dyvr jyst ] Dw<nu su igrhu ijqu gti Awe ] jn nwnk suky suik ivhwe ] (pºw 371) gu{ swihbwn ªwrw clwe~ ge~ nwrismmwn ki cyqnw lhr smpuxw~ ivsv ky ile AnukrxwIX hy[ pavi ] sbu ko AwKY Awpxww ijsu nwhi so cuixw kfiey ] kiqw Awpo Awpxww Awpy hi lykw s<fiey ] jw rhxww nwhi Eyqu jig qw kwequ gwrib h<fiey ] m<dw iksy n AwKIEy piv AK{ Eho bujiey ] murky nwil n lujiey ]19] (pºw 473) apro#q pavi my< gu{ pwqswwh ny do gufæ rháx ad`gwitq krqy hue klxugi jivo< kw mwg~dsw~n ikxw hy[ phlw qo Xh ik hr ÛXi#q Ah<kwr }pi BXwvh rog sy gráq hy[ dusrw muk~ ÛXi#q ky swqw kbi vwd-ivvwd my< nhi< pvnw cwihe[ I gu{ nwnk dyv ji pwvn Prmwn krqy hy< ik s<swr my< ËXyk ÛXi#q moh-mmqw ki igrïq my< hy AQww~q` jgq my< sbi log moh-mmqw }pi ivkwr sy grisq hy<[ Agr koe~ nhi< hy qo asy Alg krky idkwao[ khny sy AiB wx, s<swr my < koe~ ivrlw hi hogw jo mohmmqw ky b<dwn sy mu#q hy[ ËXyk ÛXi#q ko Apny kmo~ < kw lykw-jokw Bugqnw hi pvqw hy[

54 gurmiq zwn 56 jb es s<swr my < kuc BI sdw kwxm rhny vwlw nhi< hy qo ipr Ah<kwrgRáq hokr ávx< ko #Xo< ivin t ikxw jwe? gu{ kw SwbdapdySw pfækr XhI smj AwqI hy ik iksi ko BI burw-blw nhi< khnw cwihe[ muk~ (AzwnI) ÛXi#q ky swqw iksi kwr kw JgVw AQwvw qk~ nhi< krnw cwihe[ vwáqv my< sbi moh-mmqw ki dldl my< P<sy hue hy< AOr mohvsw jiv iksi BI hd qk clw jwqw hy[ hkikq sy mu<h Pyr kr AzwnqwvSw hr jiv nsvr Ev< JUTy pdwqwo<~ sy Apnw irsqw jov lyqw hy[ qisry pwqswwh I gu{ Amrdws ji kw pwvn Prmwn hy : Eh mweaw ijqu hir ivsry mohu apjy Bwa dujw lweaw ] (pºw 921) moh }pi ivkwr kb ivkrwl }p Dwwrxw kr lyqw hy eskw iksi ko Ehsws hi nhi< hoqw[ gurbwxwi my< esy kicv, jwl, Pw<sI kw P<dw, ghri ni<v khkr ghry swgr sy qulnw ki ge~ hy[ p<cm pwqswwh kw es s<db~ my< pwvn s<dysw hy ik hy s<grwm ky AjyX SwUrvIr (moyh)! qum AËX<q blswwli AOr Anyko< kw ivnwsw kr dyny vwly ho[ qumny gxwo<, g<dwvo~<, dyvqwao<, mnu Xo< Ev< pswu-pi@wxo< ko BI moihq kr rkw hy : hy Aijq sur s<grwm< Aiq blnw bhu mrdnh ] gxw g<dwrb dyv mwnu$x< psu p<ki ibmohnh ] (pºw 1358) gu{ pwqswwh ny klxugi jivo< kw mwg~dsw~n krqy hue moh }pi ivkwr sy bcny hyqu pwrbr³ prmysvr ky crxwo< my< Ardws ki hy : hm qy kcu n hovnw srixw B swdw ] moh mgn kup A<Dw qy nwnk gur kwf ] (pºw 816) gurbwxwi hmy < moh ki dldl sy inkl kr ym ky mwg~ pr clny ko yirq krqi hy[ ym hi e~svr- wiîq kw mwg~ hy[ klgidwr pwqswwh I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ny smjwxw hy : swcu kho< sun lyhu sby ijn ym kiao iqn hi B pweao ] (Ëv swid svöxy) esky Aiqir#q s<swr ki nsvrqw Ev< sw<swirk pdwqwo~< ky Ah<kwr sy bcny ki yrxww gu{ swihb ny b$æswi hy[ Ah<kwr ko vysy BI dig~ rog mwnw gxw hy AOr eskw elwj BI gurbwxwi sy hi mumikn hy[ s<q-jno< ki s<giq my< Awkr ijnho<ny Ah<kwr ko ivin t kr ilxw anhy< hi e~svr- wiîq hoqi hy : swdws<ig ijh hamy mwri ] nwnk qw ka imly murwri ] (pºw 255) swqw hi gu{ swihb ny es pavi my< mn ky skun Ev< Sww<iq ko brkrwr rkny hyqu ihdwxq ki hy ik Agr vwáqv my< qumhy< zwn ki wiîq ho ge~ hy qo iksi dusry ko burw mq kho, vwd-ivvwd my< n pvo AOr muk~ ÛXi#q ky swqw kbi JgVw mq kro[ gurbwxwi AwSwXwnuswr vwáqv my< muk~ vh hy jo e~svr ko nhi< mwnqw AOr askw nwm nhi< jpqw : murkw isir murku hy ij m<ny nwhi nwa ] (pºw 1015) ApnI iksi wiîq kw gumwn n krqy hue hmysww e~svr ky BX my< rhkr jivn jinw cwihe[

55 gurmiq zwn 57 Kæbrnwmw w iqk KyqI ky {Jwn ko PuiØlq krny ky ile iswromixw gu.. kmyti inr<qr kwx~swil : o. ikrpwl is<g bfu<gr I Am qsr : 29 jun : iswromixw gu{ªwrw b<dwk kmyti ky ADX@w o. ikrpwl is<g bfu<gr ky nyq Ëv my< p<qw-rën jëqwydwr gurcrn is<g tohvw e<átit`xut AWP isi#kjæm, bhwdurgfæ (pitxwlw) my< Ek ivswy w sbw hue~, ijsmy< w iqk KyqI ko AOr PuiØlq krny, vwqwvrxw ki Swu qw sy smb<idwq lhr clwny ki Xojnwb<dI krny ky swqw-swqw nojvwno< ko Kylo< ki qrp {icq krny ky ile g<bir ivcwr-ivmsw~ ikxw gxw[ es Avsr pr o. ikrpwl is<g bfu<gr ny khw ik mwnvix syhq ki Awro^Xqw ky ile AÇCy Kw pdwqw~, Swu vwqwvrxw AOr Kylo< ki ivswy w mháw hy[ vq~mwn smx my< hm jhw< w iqk vwqwvrxw ki s<bwl ky iq lwprvwh ho rhy hy < vhi< KyqI ky ile rwswxink Kwdo< AOr kivymwr dvwao< kw A<DwwDwu<Dw Xog krky w iqk qriky sy qyxwr ki jwqi siñjxw< AOr Psly< qyxwr krny sy BI dur hoqy jw rhy hy<[ anho<ny khw ik iswromixw gu{ªwrw b<dwk kmyti ny essy s<b<idwq phl-kdmi krqy hue w iqk KyqI ky {Jwn ko PuiØlq krny ky ile Alg-Alg gu{ªwrw swihbwn my< eski Swu}Awq ki hy[ anho<ny khw ik Awny vwly smx my< gu{-gro< my< jhw< w iqk KyqI ky ile AiDwk sy ko Awri@wq rkw jwxygw, vhi< vwqwvrxw ki Swu qw ky ile lgwny ky Alwvw ákulo<-kwlyjo< my< ivswwl cwr muihm BI Swu} ki jwxygi, qwik esky iq AiDwk sy AiDwk jwg}kqw PYlwe~ jw sky[ o. ikrpwl is<g bfu<gr ny khw ik nojvwni ko Kylo< ki qrp yirq krny ky ile BI iswromixw gu.. kmyti sucyq }p sy kwx~swil hy AOr ivrwsqi Kylo< ko wqwimkqw dyny ky ile BI koiswsw ki jw rhi hy[ es sbw my < iswromixw gu.. kmyti ky ap sicv s. cwnxw is<g, fw. gurbir is<g fwxry#tr, fw. cmkor is<g, s. Bgv<q is<g Dw<gyVw inji shwxk, s. lkvir is<g cyxrmyn, s. qij<dr is<g pf`fw Awid Swwiml hue[ kiinxw ByjI gqkw tim ny gqky ky johr idkwkr iswromixw gu.. kmyti kw nwm roswn ikxw I Am qsr : 4 julwe~ : dsm ipqw I gu{ goib<d is<g ji ky 350 v wi~x kwsw pv~ ko smip~q kiinxw ky Swhr n}bi my< is#k su Im ko<isl kiinxw ki qrp sy Ek Dwwim~k smwroh Bwe~ mih<dr is<g Dwwn, in kwm syvk jëqww brim<gm ky ivswy w shxog sy krvwxw gxw[ es smwroh my < iswromixw gu{ªwrw b<dwk kmyti ky Dwwn o. ikrpwl is<g bfu<gr ki qrp sy iswromixw gu.. kmyti ki gqkw tim AOr I drbwr swihb ky hjuri rwgi jëqwo< ky swqw iswromixw gu.. kmyti ky sicv fw. }p is<g ny iswromixw gu.. kmyti