Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the young adult-students of universities in Lodz, Poland

ORYGINAL ARTICLES / Prace oryginalne Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism 21, 16, 4, 277-283 ISSN 281-237X Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the young adult-students of universities in Lodz, Poland Występowanie zespołu metabolicznego i poszczególnych jego składowych w populacji młodych dorosłych studentów łódzkich uczelni wyższych Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska 1, Maryla Panasiuk 2, Katarzyna Cypryk 3, 4 1 Family and Community Medicine Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej i Medycyny Społeczności Lokalnych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi 2 CDL- Laboratory, Lodz, Poland Centrum Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Łódź 3 Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Department. Medical University of Lodz, Poland Klinika Diabetologii i Chorób Metabolicznych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi 4 Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Dept. Polish Mother Memorial Research Institute, Lodz, Poland Klinika Endokrynologii I Chorób Metabolicznych, Instytut Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki w Łodzi Address for correspondence: Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska MD, PhD Family and Community Medicine Department, Medical University of Lodz ul. Kopcińskiego 2; 9-153 Łódź; Poland; phone: (+48 42) 679 55 46; fax: (+48 42) 678 6 41; e-mail: malgorzata.koziarska-rosciszewska@umed.lodz.pl Abstract Introduction and aim of the study: Early identification of people at cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk is crucial for the effective management. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in young adults. Material and methods: The study (26-27) was conducted on the group of 119 students: 79 women (W), 31 men (M), aged 18-38 years (mean 24.6) attending a primary care practice. A clinical interview was provided and anthropometric measurements and laboratory investigation were done. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and insulin-resistance (IR) were calculated. Results: Mean BMI was 24.4 kg/m 2 in men and 21,29 kg/m 2 in women. Overweight (BMI=25-3 kg/m 2 ) was diagnosed in 17.66% and obesity (BMI>3 kg/ m 2 ) in 3.2% of the study population. The prevalence of hypertension (HA) according to ATPIII/IDF (BP 13/85 mmhg) was revealed in 4.61%; acc. WHO (BP 14/9 mmhg) in 2.6%. There were no women with HA in the examined population. Fasting plasma glucose >1 mg/dl occurred in.78%. Hypercholesterolaemia was found in 12.56%; high levels of LDL and TG in 2.6% and 7.69% respectively and low HDL level in 6.64%. Metabolic syndrome acc. WHO criteria was diagnosed in 2.65%; acc. ATP III in.59% and acc. IDF in.98% of the study population. All MS components, except hyperglycaemia, occurred statistically more frequently in men than in women (p <.5). Conclusions: Our study shows a relatively high incidence of overweight, obesity and lipid disturbances, whereas other CVD risk factors are of a relatively lower percentage in young adults in Poland. The results confirm the higher incidence of MS and its components in men than in women. Revealing individuals at risk on the earliest stages allows to cope with the incorrect metabolic processes and, as a result, optimizing prevention activities based on primary care practice. Obesity is the greatest challenge for the public health. KEY WORDS: metabolic syndrome, young adults, risk factors, cardiovascular diseases Streszczenie Wprowadzenie i cel pracy: Wczesne wykrywanie osób z czynnikami ryzyka chorób sercowo naczyniowych (CVD) jest kluczowe dla efektywnej terapii. Celem tego badania była ocena częstości występowania zespołu metabolicznego (MS) i jego składowych u młodych dorosłych. Materiał i metody: Badanie prowadzono (26-27) na grupie 119 studentów: 79 kobiet (W), 31 mężczyzn (M), w wieku 18-38 lat (śr. 24.6) zgłaszających się do POZ. U każdej badanej osoby przeprowadzono wywiad, wykonano pomiary antropometryczne i badania laboratoryjne. Określono wskaźnik masy ciała (BMI), wskaźnik talia-biodra (WHR) i insulinooporność (IR). Wyniki: Średni BMI wyniósł 24,4 kg/m 2 u mężczyzn i 21,29 kg/m 2 u kobiet. Nadwagę (BMI=25-3 kg/m 2 ) stwierdzono u 17,66%, a otyłość (BMI >3 kg/m 2 ) u 3,2% badanych. Nadciśnienie tętnicze (HA) według kryteriów ATPIII/IDF (BP 13/85 mmhg) rozpoznano u 4,61%; a według WHO (BP 14/9 mmhg) u 2,6%. Nie stwierdzono HA u żadnej z badanych kobiet. Glikemię na czczo >1 mg/dl stwierdzono u,78%. Hipercholesterolemię rozpoznano u 12,56%; wysokie stężenia LDL i TG stwierdzono odpowiednio: u 2,6% i 7,69%, a niskie stężenia HDL u 6,64%. Zespół metaboliczny według kryteriów WHO stwierdzono u 2,65%, według ATP III u,59%, według IDF u,98% badanych. Wszystkie elementy MS, oprócz hiperglikemii, były statystycznie częstsze u mężczyzn, niż u kobiet (p <,5). Wnioski: W wyniku badania stwierdzono stosunkowo wysoką częstość występowania nadwagi, otyłości i zaburzeń lipidowych, przy stosunkowo niskim udziale innych czynników ryzyka CVD u młodych dorosłych Polaków. Rezultaty potwierdzają wyższą częstość elementów MS u mężczyzn w porównaniu z kobietami. Wykrycie osób z czynnikami ryzyka na jak najwcześniejszym etapie, pozwala podjąć optymalne działania korygujące nieprawidłowe procesy metaboliczne już na poziomie POZ. Otyłość stanowi największe wyzwanie dla zdrowia publicznego. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: zespół metaboliczny, młodzi dorośli, czynniki ryzyka, choroby układu krążenia, cukrzyca, otyłość 277

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the young adult... Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism 21, 16, 4 278 Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities multiplex risk factor for CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) (1-3). The most important components of MS are central obesity and insulin-resistance (IR). Such metabolic constellation leads to glucose disorders, dyslipidaemia and sympathetic nervous system disturbances and, in consequence to precocious arteriosclerosis, CVD and increased mortality. Pathogenesis of MS seems to origin in the following potential ethiological categories: obesity and adipose tissue disorders, IR and configuration of some independent factors (such as molecules of hepatic, vascular and immunologic origin). There are also other contributory factors like: aging, pro-inflammatory state and hormonal changes (2, 4, 5). It is considered that excessed adipose tissue and its pro-inflammatory activity constitutes the basis for all MS components. In a way, adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and it secrets pro-inflammatory substances adipocytokines. These substances may link overweight, IR, DM2 and arteriosclerosis. One of the initiating factors of IR is an oxidative stress (6). Obesity contributes to hypertension, high serum cholesterol, low high density lipoproteins (HDL) as well as hyperglycemia and it influences higher CVD risk. Due to abdominal obesity, metabolic risk factors exacerbate (5, 7, 8). It is caused by some adipose tissue s products: non-esterified fatty acids, cytokines, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and adiponectin. A high level of plasma non-esterified fatty acids overloads muscles and liver with lipids and in this way enhances IR. High C-reactive protein (CRP) levels observed in obesity may influence cytokine excess and a pro-inflammatory state. A prothrombotic state contributes to an elevated PAI-1. On the other hand low adiponectin levels accompanying obesity correlate with worsening of metabolic risk factors (4, 9). Human plasma adiponectin, one of the adipocytokines exhibits anti-atherogenic and anti-diabetic effects. Its concentration is decreased in visceral obesity. A series of clinical and experimental studies suggest that adiponectin may become a new marker of the metabolic syndrome (4, 6). Insulin-resistance rises with increasing body fat content (1). Many investigators place a greater priority on IR than on obesity in pathogenesis. The majority of people with categorical obesity (BMI 3 kg/m 2 ) have postprandial hyperinsulinemia and relatively low insulin sensitivity. Hyperinsulinemia enhances output of a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), raising triglycerides (TG). IR in muscle predisposes to carbohydrate disorders, which can be worsened by increased hepatic gluconeogenesis in an insulin-resistant liver. Independent factors mediating metabolic syndrome components are regulated by genetic and acquired factors, which cause variability of risk factors. A similar phenomenon concerns blood pressure regulation (4). Within other contributing factors one of the most important is aging. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome rises with age (11-14). Recently, a pro-inflammatory state and atherogenesis have been implicated as the causes of IR. Several endocrine factors have been linked to abnormalities in body fat distribution and hence indirectly to metabolic syndrome (4). Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed according to World Health Organization (WHO), National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria (tab. I) (15, 16). It should be emphasized that differences in MS definitions (WHO, ATP III, IDF) concern not the main components but just the cut points of the parameters values (1, 15-17). Estimating IR is not simple in everyday medical practice. However, according to epidemiological data, central obesity correlates strongly with biochemical IR coefficients. Most world studies estimate the prevalence of MS to be between 12-25% (11, 18). Yet the lowest prevalence (5%-16%) is found in Asia (19). The current global prevalence of MS for adults >2 years is approximately 16% (2). The continuous extension of obesity and MS prevalence in children and adolescents is observed (2, 21-24). According to WHO 24 data, 22 million children <5 years were overweight or obese (25). International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reports at least 1% overweight or obese person aged 5-17 years (155 millions) (26). World statistics show that people with MS have 2-3 times higher risk for CVD (ischaemic heart attack, stroke) and 5 times higher risk for diabetes in comparison to normal weight individuals (3, 27). Both diabetes and CVD are cause of severe disability and death. It is considered that each year 4 million people all over the world die in consequence of metabolic disorders-related diseases (28). Moreover MS increases the CVD related risk of death, independently of other risk factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, high level of low density lipoproteins LDL) (16). In USA each year 3 deaths caused by obesity related diseases are reported (29). It is prognosed that globally the young generation with CVD risk factors may live shorter than their parents generation (28). There are only some data concerning the incidence of MS in young adults in Poland. Aim of the study The aim of our study was an appraisal of MS as a parameter describing CVD risk in young educated adults (university students) population. Material and methods The study was conducted in the group of 119 (79 women W and 31 men M) Caucasian students consecutively attending a primary care practice settled within the academic campus area during 2 years (26-27). The mean age was 24.6 (min.18; max. 38 years); respectively: M 24.9±2.69, W 24.4±2.52. All participants completed questionnaires that included demographics, medical history and health behaviour information. The measurements of the body mass, growth, waist and hips circuit (complying with gender) as well as arterial blood pressure were made. BMI was calculated as body weight divided by height squared (kg/m 2 ). Fasten blood samples were taken for analysis of glucose, lipids and insulin. Plasma glucose, total cholesterol (CH) and TG were measured enzymaticaly, LDL was calculated with the use of the following formula: (CH) (HDL) (TG/2.2). The calculated value is reliable in the absence of severe hyperlipidaemia. Insulin concentration was determined on an Immulite immunoassay analyzer. The frequency of MS components occurrence in the examined population was qualified according to the criteria of: WHO, ATP III and IDF (tab. I). The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Participants gave their informed consent to participate and

Występowanie zespołu metabolicznego i poszczególnych jego składowych w populacji młodych dorosłych... the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results Anthropometric and laboratory data of 79 W and 31 M are presented in tables II and III. Table IV presents the frequency of MS according to different criteria in the examined population. The presence of MS elements according to WHO, IDF and ATP III criteria in studied population is presented in table V. Summarizing, the study revealed metabolic syndrome in 2.65% of students according to WHO criteria, in.59% acc. ATP III and in.98% acc. IDF criteria. Additionally 7.16% has one or two risk factors to develop MS. Discussion In the multiple studies concerning the prevalence of MS, different criteria are used (tab. I). Therefore it is impossible to compare the data. Most European studies estimate the prevalence of MS to be between 12-25%, similar to Studies in North America and Australia (11, 18). The current global prevalence of MS for adults >2 years is approximately 16% (2). It should be emphasized that overweight and obesity the most common MS components represent a rapidly growing threat to the health of populations in an increasing number of countries. Obesity comorbidities include coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke, certain types of cancer, DM2, dyslipidaemia, osteoarthritis and gout as well as pulmonary diseases, including sleep apnoea (5, 3). Interesting data were obtained as a result of a worldwide WHO MONICA Project (1979-1989). There were nearly 5 subjects aged 25-64 years observed in the study. In the group aged 25-39 years the study revealed overweight in 3-44% and 16-26%; obesity in 7-11% and 5-1%; dyslipidaemia in 11-26% and 8-12% men and women respectively. The incidence of each disturbance increased with age (31). In a YAPEIS study (1991-1999), the prevalence of relevant risk factors among young adults (25-45 years) in Israel was defined. An emerging data represent nearly 32 subjects. The study revealed as much as 51% of the examined to be overweight (BMI 25), 8.5% had high systolic blood pressure and 14.6% had high diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia were 44.7% and 9.7% respectively. Acc. Framingham score 31.8% had a greater than 5% risk for developing a coronary event within the next 1 years. The prevalence of risk factors increased with age and was more frequent among men (32). We observed lower frequency of obesity and dyslipidaemia in our study, which may be a result of the studied populations age and lifestyle differences. However the CVD risk was Table I: Metabolic syndrome criteria (7, 8) Tabela I: Kryteria rozpoznawania zespołu metabolicznego (7,8) WHO Glucose disorders or insulin- resistance Zaburzenia glukozy lub oporność wobec insuliny + 2 of 5 criteria ATP III 3 of 5 criteria 3 z 5 kryteriów IDF Central obesity / Centralna otyłość + 2 of 4 criteria / 2 z 4 kryteriów Central obesity / Centralna otyłość Insulin-resistance / Oporność wobec insuliny WHR: M >.9, W >.85 or BMI >3 (for Caucasian race) / (dla rasy kaukaskiej) waist: / talia: M >12 cm W >88 cm waist: / talia: M 94 cm W 8 cm TG [mg/dl] 15 15 15 or pharmacotherapy / lub farmakoterapia HDL [mg/dl] M <35, W <39 M <4, W <5 M <4, W <5 or pharmacotherapy / lub farmakoterapia RR [mmhg] 14/9 13/ 85 13/ 85 or hypertension therapy / lub leczenie nadciśnienia Glucose [mg/dl] / Glukoza IFG, IGT, diabetes / cukrzycy 11 mg/dl 1 mg/dl or pharmacotherapy of diabetes / lub farmakoterapia cukrzycy Microalbuminuria 2 μg/min ( 3 mg/dl) or alb./kreat. 3 mg/dl BMI body mass index HDL high density lipoproteins M men / mężczyźni RR blood pressure TG triglycerides W women / kobiety WHR waist-hip ratio 279

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the young adult... Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism 21, 16, 4 Table II: Descriptive characteristics of men and women in the study Tabela II: Charakterystyka mężczyzn i kobiet w badanej populacji Men (n=31) / Mężczyźni Women (n=79) / Kobiety p Age [years] / Wiek [lata] 24.9±2.69 24.4±2.52 ns Weight [kg] / Waga [kg] 79.87±13.96 59.46±8.94 Height [cm] / Wysokość [cm] 18.4±7.12 166.7±6.8 BMI [kg/m2] 24.4±4. 21.29±2.86 <.5 Waist circuit [cm] / Obwód talii [cm] 86.9±11.1 72.±7.53 Hip circuit [cm] / Obwód biodra [cm] 12.25±7.78 96.34±7.32 Waist-hip ratio / Talia/biodro.85±.7.75±.6 Systolic pressure [mmhg] / Ciśnienie skurczowe 115 11 ns Diastolic pressure [mmhg] / Ciśnienie rozkurczowe 72 69 ns CH [mg/dl] 169.85 in general / ogólnie ns 168.68±31.16 17.25±3.89 TG [mg/dl] 86.35 mg/dl in general / ogólnie 96.56±53.6 82.4±43.7 LDL [mg/dl] 85.4 mg/dl in general / ogólnie 87.64±25.96 84.4±37.67 HDL [mg/dl] 67.7 mg/dl in general / ogólnie ns 61.4±15.78 7.32±15.75 Glucose [mg/dl] / Glukoza 77.98±8.6 77.2±7.96 ns Values are mean±sd / Wartości średnie BMI body mass index CH total cholesterol HDL high density lipids LDL low density lipids TG triglycerides Table III: Elements of the metabolic syndrome in the studied population Tabela III: Elementy składowe zespołu metabolicznego w badanej grupie Total (n=119) Ogólnie Men (n=31) Mężczyźni Women (n=79) Kobiety Overweight / (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 ) / Nadwaga 18 (17.66 %) 32.9 % 11. % <.5 Obesity / (BMI 3 kg/m 2 ) / Otyłość 31 (3.2 %) 7.4 % 1.12 % <.5 Abnormal waist circuit according to ATP III (M >12 cm; W >88 cm) 62 (6.8%) 27 (8.71%) 35 (4.94%) <.5 Nieprawidłowy obwód talii według ATP III Abnormal waist circuit according to IDF (M 94 cm; W 8 cm) / Nieprawidłowy obwód talii według IDF 165 (16.19%) 61 (19.7%) 14 (14.67%) <.5 Overweight according to waist circuit according to IDF / Nadwaga zgodnie do obwodu talii według IDF 121 (11.87%) 38 (12.26%) 83 (11.7%) ns Obesity according to waist circuit according to IDF / Otyłość zgodnie do obwodu talii według IDF 44 (4.32%) 23 (7.42 %) 21 (2.96%) <.5 Abnormal WHR / Nieprawidłowe WHR 15 (1.68%) 66 (22.7%) 39 (5.7%) <.5 Hypertension according to ATP III and IDF criteria ( 13/85) / Nadciśnienie zgodnie do kryteriów ATP 47 (4.61%) 47 (15.16%) <.5 III i IDF Hypertension according to WHO criteria ( 14/9) / Nadciśnienie zgodnie do kryteriów WHO 21 (2.6%) 21 (6.77%) <.5 Fasting glucose / Glikemia na czczo 1 mg/dl 11mg/dL 125 mg/dl 8 (.78%) 1 (.9%) 2 (.64%) 6 (.84%) 1 (.14%) ns p 28 BMI body mass index M men / mężczyźni W women / Kobiety WHR waist-hip ratio / talia/biodro

Występowanie zespołu metabolicznego i poszczególnych jego składowych w populacji młodych dorosłych... Table IV: The frequency of the metabolic syndrome according to WHO, IDF and AT P III criteria in the studied population Tabela IV: Częstość zespołu metabolicznego w badanej populacji w zależności od zastosowanych kryteriów - WHO, IDF i ATPIII Total (n=119) / Ogólnie % Men (n=31) / Mężczyźni % Women (n=79) / Kobiety % P WHO 27 2.65 19 6.13 8 1.13 <.5 ATP III 6.59 2.65 4.56 NS IDF 1.98 6 1.94 4.56 NS Table V: Tabela V: The presence of the metabolic syndrome elements according to WHO, IDF and AT P III criteria in the studied population Występowanie w badanej populacji poszczególnych kryteriów zespołu metabolicznego w zależności od zastosowanych kryteriów - WHO, IDF i ATPIII Number of metabolic syndrome elements Liczba elementów zespołu metabolicznego 4 total / ogólnie WHO ATP III IDF x 1 (.9%) 3 (.29%) men / mężczyźni 2 (.32%) women / kobiety 1 (.14%) 1 (.28%) 3 total / ogólnie 9 (.88%) 5 (.49%) 7 (.68%) men / mężczyźni 8 (2.58%) 2 (.65%) 5 (1.61%) women / kobiety 1 (.14%) 3 (.42%) 2 (.28%) 2 total / ogólnie 18 (1.77%) 55 (5.39%) men / mężczyźni 11 (3.55%) x 3 (9.67%) women / kobiety 7 (.99%) 25 (3.5%) higher in men in both populations. In NATPOL PLUS study (22) conducted on a representative sample of the Polish population (351 M and W aged 18-94 years) of various socio-economic status MS was found acc. ATP III criteria in 2% adults (18% M, 22% W). It revealed that the incidence of MS was 4% in young adults aged 18-3 years and the frequency increased with age up to 38% in elderly people aged 45-64 years. In our study the prevalence of MS acc. ATP III was.98% (1.93% in M and.56% in W) (33). However the incidence is lower than in previous studies, but the results confirm a higher percentage of MS in men regardless of the chosen criteria, which confirms the results of multiple world studies (12). In POL-MONICA bis study (21) conducted on young adults aged 2-34 years citizens of Warsaw urban area (U) and Tarnobrzeg voievodship (T) a rural region the prevalence of some MS elements was also much higher than in our study: overweight in men: 33.9% U, 31.3% T; overweight in women: 15.7% U, 27.4% T; obesity in men: 14% U, 4.8% T; obesity in women: 9.6%U, 8.1% T; hypertriglicerydaemia in men: 23% U, 13.4% T; hypertriglicerydaemia in women equally in both regions: 7%; hypertension (HA) in men: 8.3% U, 36.1% T; HA in women: 1.7% U, 28.2% T; dyslipidaemia in men: 8.3% U, 18.3% T; dyslipidaemia in women: 1.7% U, 5.7% T (34, 35). The similar data were found in another Polish study provided by Szostak-Węgierek et al. in Warsaw (2-24) on 498 individuals aged 24-29 years: overweight in 12.8% W and 36.4% M; obesity in 6.4% W and 12.9% M. That study revealed also the incorrect waist circumference acc. ATP III criteria in 16% M and 1% W (36). In our study the incidence of overweight in men (32.9%) is comparable to the results of the above mentioned Polish studies; in women (11%) similar. We also revealed the percentage of obesity in men (7.4%) close to POL-MONICA bis results and lower in women (1.12%). In NATPOL PLUS study, overweight was found in 19% and obesity in 5% of young adults. It may be compared with our results if disregard gender (overweight 11-32.9%; obesity 1.12-7.4%). We revealed hypertriglycerydaemia in men (12.2%) and women (5.79%) slightly lower than in POL-MONICA bis incidence as well as in NATPOL PLUS (17%). We have not found hypertension in women, but acc. ATP III in 15% men which is comparable to POL-MONICA bis; and of a higher incidence than in NATPOL PLUS (5%) and lower than in Szostak-Węgierek research (48% men, 23% women). It should be emphasized that the differences probably result from the different methods of blood pressure estimating (in NAT- POL PLUS series of measurements; in POL-MONICA bis two measurements; in Szostak-Węgierek one measurement; in our study two) and the age differences of the studied populations. Acc. ATP III criteria we found abnormal waist circuit in 6% indi- 281

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the young adult... Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism 21, 16, 4 282 viduals lower incidence than in Szostak-Węgierek study (36). One of the analyzed laboratory results was hyperglycaemia. In our study we revealed it (> 1 mg/dl) only in.78% and >11 mg/dl in.9%. This percentage is lower than in other studies; in Pol-MONICA bis hyperglycaemia was found in 8.3-18.3% men and 1.7 5.7% women in urban and rural area respectively. Szostak- Węgierek found it in 3.7% men and 1.4% women (2). The differences probably result from age differentiations. One of the largest MS study in Poland was WOBASZ (23-25) provided on a representative sample of nearly 13 Polish citizens, aged 2-74 years (38). In the result of it, it was concluded that NCEP-ATP III 25 criteria of MS were found in 23% M and in 21% W. It was revealed that MS incidence increases with age and that this tendency is stronger in women. MS was found in 4% young women (2-39 years) and 1% men of the same age group. The most common component (in all the groups examined) was hypertension respectively in 69% M and 5% W, hypertriglyceridaemia in men (34%) and abdominal obesity in women (41%). It was observed that there were some regional differences in MS incidence in Poland; thus the lowest incidence (16-17%) in Southeast Poland the relatively poor, mainly rural region (38). In another Polish epidemiological study POLKARD-SPOK project (24-25) the incidence of CVD risk factors in high CVD risk incidents patients attending primary care were analyzed (39, 4). The study was provided all over the country in 256 primary care (PC) practices. There were >61 individuals attending PC on different causes enrolled in the study aged 14-12 years (mean age 57.2±14.9 years). HA was found in 74% patients; more often in men (76.5% M, 71.8% W). Nearly 5% was overweight; 25% was obese. Hyperglycaemia >125 mg/dl was revealed in 7.5% of the examined. The highest percentage in the elderly group. Our study revealed metabolic syndrome in 2.65% (6.13% M, 1.13% W) individuals acc. WHO criteria. The presence of 3 MS components was found in.88% (2.58% M,,14% W); the presence of 2 MS components in 1.77% (3.55% M,.99% W). According to ATP III criteria MS was found in.59%. The presence of 3 MS components in that case was revealed in.49%; the presence of 4 components was found in.9%. Acc. IDF criteria MS was found in.98%. The presence of 4 MS components was found in.29%; the presence of 3 MS components was revealed in.68%; the presence of 2 MS components occurred in 5.39%. Additionally 7,16% had one or two risk factors to develop MS. These results confirm the worldwide observations: higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome and it s components in men, especially overweight and obesity, whereas other CVD risk factors are of a relatively lower percentage. Conclusion The world and Polish data show the necessity of the actively seeking people at high CVD risk, especially overweight and obese, as these disturbances influence the increase of the incidence of other atherogenic factors. In a number of important world studies a strong effect of obesity on the risk of hypercholesterolaemia and CVD has been found in individuals aged 25-39 years. Our study confirmed a relatively high incidence of overweight and obesity as well as lipid disturbances in young adults in Poland. Young men are of a greater risk than women, whereas this tendency converts in elderly people. Age, level of education and active lifestyle are of great importance in the context of CVD risk. Revealing individuals at risk on the earliest stages allows to cope with the incorrect metabolic processes, optimize prevention activities (such as lifestyle modification), as well as improve health and life prognosis. Therefore public health should be focused on the prevention of obesity in young adults. It seems that the level of education is of great importance concerning CVD risk factors awareness, including health consequences of obesity. This phenomenon needs further investigation. The study was provided owing to the President s of Lodz grant The appraisal of the degree of metabolic diseases risk (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity) in the young adults population the students of Lodz universities. Badanie zrealizowano w ramach grantu Prezydenta miasta Łodzi pt. Ocena stopnia zagrożenia chorobami z kręgu zespołu metabolicznego (choroby układu krążenia, cukrzyca, otyłość) w populacji młodych dorosłych studentów łódzkich wyższych uczelni. References 1. Pacholczyk M., Ferenc T., Kowalski J.: Zespół metaboliczny. Cześć I: Definicje i kryteria rozpoznawania zespołu metabolicznego. Epidemiologia oraz związek z ryzykiem chorób sercowo-naczyniowych i cukrzycy typu 2. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 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