PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SEEDS OF THE SELECTED OIL PLANTS

DOI: 1.1515/gring-216-7 ISNN 283-1587; -ISNN 2449-5999 216, Vol. 2, No.1, pp.69-77 Agriulturl Enginring www.wir.ptir.org PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SEEDS OF THE SELECTED OIL PLANTS Mrt Krjwsk, Bt Ślsk-Grzywn *, Driusz Anrjko Dprtmnt of Biologil Bss of Foo n F Thnology, Univrsity of Lif Sins in Lulin Corrsponing uthor: -mil: t.grzywn@up.lulin.pl ARTICLE INFO Artil history: Riv: Sptmr 215 Riv in th rvis form: Otor 215 Apt: Novmr 215 Ky wors: oil plnts, ss, MTS, ngl of sli, ngl of rpos, tp nsity, ulk nsity, omprssiv rsistn ABSTRACT Th ppr xmins th slt physil proprtis of ss of 8 plnts us in gri-foo prossing inustry. Ths r: wintr rps (Brssi npus L.) Arin ultivr, ssm (Ssmuminium L.), ommon flx (Linum usittissimum L.) Lun ultivr, husk sunflowr (Hlinthus L.) (ountry of origin Bulgri), hmp (Cnnis stiv L.) Bnikoultivr, lu poppy (Ppvr somnifrum L.) Mjor ultivr, grn rss (Lpiium stivum L.), lk rwy (Nigll Stiv L.). In th rsrh mtril w trmin th following: mss of thousn ss (MTS), piling ngl n ngl of rpos, tp n ulk nsity n omprssiv rsistn of singl ss. Som ss from th slt plnt spis iffr with shp n siz. Thus, th rsults trmining th physil proprtis wr vri. Introution Prsntly, plnts rih in ft r inrsingly populr in th gri-foo prossing inustry. Thy r us oth s foo rw mtril s wll s prious sour of rnwl nrgy. Sintists srh for nw ft rw mtrils with n optiml for onsumrs' hlth omposition of ftty is (Buzyński n Zją, 21). Plnt fts r otin in pproximtly 73% from on-yr oil plnts. Thy inlu plnt spis, whih umult in thir ois t lst 15-2% of ft. Th otin plnt ft, ftr pproprit prossing is us for foo purposs or in vrious thnology rnhs. Foo fts r il oils n rw mtrils for proution of mrgrin, kry n onftionry prouts. Thnil us of plnt fts is onsirly wir. Thy r si rw mtril for proution of sop n wshing gnts n vrnishs, lqurs n oil olours. Thy r us in th osmti inustry, mtllurgy n sting. In phrmy thy r us for proution of ointmnts n liquis n in mil trtmnt s omponnt of mimnts. Thy r lso us for imprgntion n finishing of fris n for tnning lthr. Plnt fts r omponnt of numrous rop prottion sustns us thy support tivity of som pstiis (Jsińsk n Kotki, 1999; Kpust, 21, 211, 212). Th qulity of oil plnt ss is ssss s on th gnrl ontnt of ft n ftty is, th ontnt of orgni nitrogn n othr orgni ompouns n th minrl omposition of sh (Trył, 1999). Th ontnt of ft, protin n gluosinolts in oil ss is 69

Mrt Krjwsk, Bt Ślsk-Grzywn, Driusz Anrjko moifi to th highst possil lvl y frtiliztion. High oss of nitrogn us th inrs of th protin ontnt in ss ut thy rs thir ontnt of ft (Buzyński n Zją, 21). Aftr prssing oil from ss, ks r otin from th rsiu n ftr oil xtrtion with th us of orgni solvnts, th so-ll ml is otin. This rsiu onstituts omponnts of rih for for frm nimls. Thy r rih in protin (pproximtly 3%) n ft (pprox. 1%) or rw mtrils for som rnhs of phrmutil n foo inustry (Pisulwski t l., 21). Strw from mjority of oil plnts (.g. poppy) is lignous, hr n my ontin poisonous lkolois. Thrfor, it nnot us s for or ing. In frms it is somtims us s s for hps or pross into ompost. It n lso us for proution of ppr, furnitur n insultion ors n for proution of furfurl in hmil inustry (Kpust, 212). In orr to trmin th qulity of ultivt ss, thir physil proprtis must ssss. Aitionlly, th knowlg of thos proprtis nl justmnt of ultivtion, olltion n prossing thnologis to fully us th rop potntil of plnts n to minimiz th losss whih my tk pl in ths prosss (Konopk t l., 29; Szot, 28). Th ojtiv of th rsrh ws to xmin th si physil proprtis of ss us in th foo prossing inustry. Mtril n rsrh mthos Th ss of th following plnts onstitut rsrh mtril; wintr rps (Brssi npus L.) Arin ultivr, ssm (Ssmuminium L.), ommon flx (Linum usittissimum L.)Lun ultivr, husk sunflowr (Hlinthus L.) (ountry of origin - Bulgri), fir hmp (Cnnis stiv L.) Bniko vrity, lu poppy (Ppvr somnifrum L.)Mjor ultivr, grn rss (Lpiium stivum L.), lk rwy (Nigll Stiv L.). Th us ths of rps m from frm los to Lulin, flx n lk rwy from "MIŁEX" ntrpris, hmp, ssm, sunflowr n poppy from F.H. AWIKO ntrpris n wtrrss from th S Compny in Lulin. All ss wr ollt in 214. In orr to rgult th moistur of ss to th lvl of pproximtly 8±1%, for tsting thy wr stor in glss jrs with opn lis in th tmprtur of th surrouning (2±2ºC), for 14 ys. W trmin th following: mss of thousn ss (MTS), ngl of sli n ngl of rpos, tp n ulk nsity n rsistn to omprssion. Dtrmintion ws rri out in thr itrtions. Only omprssiv rsistn of ss ws rpt tn tims. As rsult, n rithmti mn from thos itrtions ws ssum. MTS in ll tst rw mtrils ws trmin. to th stnr PN-68/R-7417. Th ngl of rpos ws trmin. to th stnr PN-65/Z-44.Th ngl of sli ws trmin oring to th stnr PN-7412-422/8 7. Th msurmnt of th tp nsity ws rri out oring to th mthoology provi y Grohowiz n Lskowski (1983, 1987). Th ulk nsity ws trmin oring to th stnr PN-ISO-7871-2:1998 7. Th omprssiv rsistn of ss ws trmin with th us of tsting mhin Zwik Roll BT1-FRO.5TN.D14 with th sp of th h movmnt of 1 mm min -1. 7

Physil proprtis... W rri out th rsistn tst of singl ss with th us of h with th mximum strngth of omprssion of F=5 N. Th msurmnt of th omprssiv rsistn onsist in pling singl ss (slt rnomly) twn th working pnls of th msuring h, strting th vi n rgistring mximum vlu of powr t whih th smpl ws stroy. W nlys th otin rsults sttistilly with th us of Sttisti 8.. In orr to xmin th signifin of iffrns twn th otin vlus for prtiulr rw mtrils, w rri out on-ftor nlysis of vrin ANOVA. W m th onlusions t th.5 lvl of signifin. W rri out til nlysis of vrg onfin intrvl t th us of Tuky's tst. Rsrh rsults Figurs 1-6 n tl 1 prsnt th si physil proprtis of ss ovr y th rsrh shul. MTS vlus wr vri (figur 1). Th highst vlu of this ftur for sunflowr ss ws rport n it ws 43.3 g. Slightly lowr vlu ws hrtristi for hmp ss (21.2 g) n for th rmining ss th rport vlu ws within.5 g for poppy ss to 6.6 g for flx ss. Suh vrity of MTS vlus rsult minly from vri sizs of ss n thir hmil omposition. Th otin vlus o not iffr from th vlus provi y othr Authors.g. y Buzyński n Zją (21). MTS (g) 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typ of rw mtril f g Figur 1. MTS of: 1 poppy, 2 ssm, 3 flx, 4 nigll, 5 rps, 6 hmp, 7 sunflowr, 8 wtrrss (vrious lttrs ovr th olumn stn for sttistilly signifint iffrns) Flowility, lso known s movility is on of th proprtis whih trmin th surf proprtis of ss. At th fr flow of ss on th horizontl pln, on with nturl slop is form. Its ngl of vition is ll th ngl of nturl slop or ngl 71

Mrt Krjwsk, Bt Ślsk-Grzywn, Driusz Anrjko of sli. Th siz of this ngl pns minly on th siz of ss, thir onstrution, shp, moistur n prsn of ontmintions. Dry, roun or lmost roun ss with flt surf hv th highst flowility (Konopk t l., 213). Th otin vlus of th ngl of sli (figur 2) wr within 3.3 o for th wtrrsss s to 5 o for hmp ss n 5.3 o for rp ss. Angl of sli ( ) 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typ of rw mtril Figur 2. Angl of sli of ss: 1 poppy, 2 ssm, 3 flx, 4 nigll, 5 rps, 6 hmp, 7 sunflowr, 8 wtrrss (vrious lttrs ovr th olumn stn for sttistilly signifint iffrns) Angl of rpos is th nxt msur of th ss flowility gr. It is th smllst ngl of vition of th surf t whih th sli of th loos mtril tks pl. Th ngl of rpos is usully fw grs lowr thn th ngl of sli (Konopk t l., 213). Vlus of th ngl of rpos of ss ovr y th rsrh shul (figur 3) wr vri n wr t th lvl from 15.3º for hmp ss to 31.1º for th ssm ss. Th offiint of xtrnl frition, whih my mor sily stimt through lultion of th tngnt of th ngl of rpos, is vitl physil proprty stritly rlt to th ngl of rpos. Th otin vlus wr prsnt in tl 1. Anlogilly s in s of th msurmnt of th ngl of rpos th lowst vlus wr rport for th hmp ss (.2742) n th highst for th ssm ss (.68). Figur 4 prsnts th rsults of th msurmnt of th tp nsity of th rsrh rw mtril. Wtrrss n poppy ss h th highst tp nsity whih ws rsptivly 75.1 g m -3 n 726.8 g m -3, th lowst vlu of this proprty ws rport for sunflowr ss (589.5 g m -3 ). Rsults for th rmining ss ovr y th rsrh shul wr within 615.8 g m -3 for hmp ss to 72.6 g m -3 for flx ss. Rsrh rsults onrning th ulk nsity wr prsnt in figur 5. Bulk nsity pns on th shp of singl prtils of th shkn mtril s wll s on th istriution of ss ftr shking. Th mor ompt n shkn th ss r, th highr is th ulk nsity. 72

Physil proprtis... Angl of rpos ( ) 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Typ of rw mtril Figur 3. Angl of rpos of ss: 1 poppy, 2 ssm, 3 flx, 4 nigll, 5 rps, 6 hmp, 7 sunflowr, 8 wtrrss (vrious lttrs ovr th olumn stn for sttistilly signifint iffrns) Tl 1. Th vlus of th offiint of xtrnl stti frition of th xmin ss Rw mtril Rw mtril (º) Coffiint of xtrnl frition Poppy 25.7.486 Ssm 31.3.68 Flx 19.7.3574 Blk rwy 22.3.418 Rps 16..2867 Hmp 15.3.2742 Sunflowr 23.3.4314 Wtrrss 21..3839 73

Mrt Krjwsk, Bt Ślsk-Grzywn, Driusz Anrjko Tp nsity of ss (g m -3 ) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f g Typ of rw mtril Figur 4. Tp nsity of ss: 1 poppy, 2 ssm, 3 flx, 4 nigll, 5 rps, 6 hmp, 7 sunflowr, 8 wtrrss (vrious lttrs ovr th olumn stn for sttistilly signifint iffrns) Bulk nsity (g m -3 ) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 h g f Typ of rw mtril Figur 5. Bulk nsity of ss: 1 poppy, 2 ssm, 3 flx, 4 nigll, 5 rps, 6 hmp, 7 sunflowr, 8 wtrrss (vrious lttrs ovr th olumn stn for sttistilly signifint iffrns) 74

Physil proprtis... Th rsrh prov tht th wtrrss ss h th highst ulk nsity (77.8 g m -3 ). Th rmining vlus wr t th lvl of 537.5 g m -3 (ssm ss) to 633.3 g m -3 (flx ss). Th rsults of th ss omprssion rsistn msurmnt prsnt in figur 6 prov signifint ivrsity. Th iggst omprssing for ws nssry to stroy th sunflowr ss (124.1 N). Vlus of th omprssion for for th rmining ss wr onsirly lowr n wr within 2.6 N for th poppy ss to 37.1 N for hmp ss. Th rport iffrns of th msur for rsult minly from onsirl ivrsity of imnsions n shp of ss, ntomi strutur n hmil omposition, inluing th ft n wtr ontnt (Stępniwski t l., 23; Szot, 28). Comprssiv for (N) 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 g f Typ of rw mtril Figur 6. Comprssiv for of ss 1 poppy, 2 ssm, 3 flx, 4 nigll, 5 rps, 6 hmp, 7 sunflowr, 8 wtrrss (vrious lttrs ovr th olumn stn for sttistilly signifint iffrns) Conlusions 1. Poppy, ssm, flx, nigll, rps n wtrrss ss hv similr MTS vlus t th lvl from.5 g for poppy ss to 6.6 g for hmp ss. Hmp n sunflowr ss hv onsirly highr vlus of this proprty whih r rsptivly 21.2 g n 48.3 g. 2. Th iggst ngl of sli is hrtristi for rp ss (5.3º) n hmp ss (5.º) rsmling ll n th wtrrss ss hv th lowst ngl of sli whih is 3.3º. 3. Th ngl of rpos for th tst rw mtrils is lowr in omprison to th ngl of sli. Ssm ss hv th highst vlu (31.3º) n hmp ss - th lowst (15.3º). 75

Mrt Krjwsk, Bt Ślsk-Grzywn, Driusz Anrjko 4. Coffiint of xtrnl stti frition of ss ovr y rsrh is within.2742 for hmp ss to.68 for ssm ss. 5. Ssm, flx, nigll, rps, hmp n sunflowr ss hv similr vlu of th tp nsity within 589.5 g m -3 for sunflowr ss to 666.9 g m -3 for ssm ss. Th poppy ss (726.8 g m -3 ) n wtrrss ss (75.1 g m -3 ) hv onsirly highr vlus of tp nsity. 6. Th highst nsity in th ulk stt is hrtristi for wtrrss ss (77.8 g m - 3 ), n th vlus of this proprty for othr ss r from 537.5 g m -3 (ssm ss) to 633.3 g m -3 (flx ss). 7. Th iggst omprssing for is nssry to stroy th sunflowr ss strutur (124.1 N). Vlus of th omprssion for for th rmining ss r onsirly lowr n r within 2.6 N for th poppy ss to 37.1 N for flx ss. Rfrns Buzyński, W., Zją, T. (R.). (21). Rośliny olist uprw i zstosowni. Pr ziorow. PWRiL, Poznń. ISBN 978-83-9-9933-8. Grohowiz, J., Lskowski, J. (1983). Anliz mto okrślni fizyznyh włśiwośi surowów i misznk pszowyh. Biultyn Informyjny Przmysłu Pszowgo, 3-4, 1-12. Grohowiz, J., Lskowski, J. (1987). Mtoy oznzni fizyznyh włśiwośi surowów i misznk pszowyh. Zszyty Prolmow Postępów Nuk Rolnizyh, 321, 83-9. Jsińsk, Z., Kotki, A. (r.) (1999). Szzgółow uprw roślin. Pr ziorow. Tom II, Wywnitwo Akmii Rolnizj w Wrołwiu. ISBN 8387866164 Kpust, F. (21). Przminy zy surowowj przmysłu oljrskigo w Pols. Pr Nukow Uniwrsyttu Ekonomizngo w Wrołwiu, 917, Thnologi 8, 33-4. Kpust, F. (211). Proukj roślin olistyh i ih prztwórstwo w Pols. Pr Nukow Uniwrsyttu Ekonomizngo w Wrołwiu, 24, Nuki Inżynirski i Thnologi, 3, 12-123. Kpust, F. (212). Znzni roślin olistyh l złowik, rolnitw i krju. Wiś Jutr, 5-6, 166-167. Konopk, S., Jliński, T., Sowsk, J., Błszzk, W., Fornl, J., Ryiński. (29). Postwow włśiwośi fizyzn nsion lęźwinu siwngo (Lthyrusstivus L.). At Agrophysi, 14(1), 95-18. Konopk, I., Tńsk, M., Fron, A. (213). Towroznwstwo i przhowlnitwo zóż i nsion olistyh. Przwonik o zjęć lortoryjnyh. Uniwrsytt Wrmińsko-Mzurski w Olsztyni, Ktr Prztwórstw i Chmii Surowów Roślinnyh, Wyził Nuki o Żywnośi. ISBN 133-15-C. Pisulwski, P. M., Kowlski, Z. M., Szymzyk, B. A. (21). Żywiniow mtoy moyfikowni skłu i ksztłtowni włśiwośi funkjonlnyh prouktów pohozni zwirzęgo (mlko, mięso, jj). Postępy Nuk Rolnizyh, 2, 59-72. Stępniwski, A., Szot, B., Sosnowski, S. (23). Uszkozni nsion rzpku w poziorowym prosi oróki. At Agrophysi, 2(1), 195-23. Szot, B. (28). On postwowyh włśiwośi fizyznyh nsion rzpku jrgo. At Agrophysi, 12(1), 191-25. Trył, M. (1999). Proukj i przhowywni płoów rolnizyh. Wywnitwo Akmii Rolnizj w Wrołwiu. ISBN 8387866563. 76

Physil proprtis... WŁAŚCIWOŚCI FIZYCZNE NASION WYBRANYCH ROŚLIN OLEISTYCH Strszzni. W pry zno wyrn włśiwośi fizyzn nsion 8 roślin wykorzystywnyh w prztwórstwi rolno-spożywzym, tkih jk: rzpk ozimy (Brssi npus L.) ominy Arin, szm inyjski (Ssmum inium L.), ln zwyzjny (Linum usittissimum L.) ominy Lun, słonznik łuskny (Hlinthus L.) (krj pohozni Bułgri), konopi siwn (Cnnis stiv L.) ominy Bniko, mk niiski (Ppvr somnifrum L.) ominy Mjor, rzżuh ogroow (Lpiium stivum L.), zrnuszk siwn (Nigll Stiv L.). W mtril wzym oznzono: msę 1 nsion (MTS), kąt zsypu i usypu nsion, gęstość utrzęsioną i usypową nsion orz wytrzymłość pojynzyh nsion n śiskni. Niktór nsion spośró wyrnyh gtunków roślin różniły się mięzy soą zrówno ksztłtm jk i wilkośią, stą tż wyniki oznzń włśiwośi fizyznyh yły zróżniown. Słow kluzow: rośliny olist, nsion, MTS, kąt usypu, kąt zsypu, gęstość utrzęsion, gęstość usypow, wytrzymłość n śiskni 77