THE CIVIL LAW TERM IN TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH, GERMAN AND POLISH

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1 THE CIVIL LAW TERM IN TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH, GERMAN AND POLISH Joanna GRZYBEK Abstract jgun Zhnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó mínf tngzé Zhnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó mínshì sùsòng f Fgu zhngxn, Fl chbnshè Key words TERMIN W TEKSTACH PRAWA CYWILNEGO I JEGO TŁUMACZENIE NA ANGIELSKI, NIEMIECKI, POLSKI Abstrakt: jgun Zhnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó mínf tngzé Zhnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó mínshì sùsòng f Fgu zhngxn, Fl chbnshè Słowa kluczowe:

2 Joanna GRZYBEK, The Civil Law Term Jgun in... Determining the degree of equivalence When undertaking the process of determining the degree of translative equivalence one may find that some functional equivalents are not sufficiently accurate. According to Šarevi (2000, ) to establish the degree of equivalence between terms in different languages one should be able to compare the concepts in the source and target language. Šarevi wrote about the decision-making process and analysis of the options available when selecting equivalents. She indicated that the purpose of the conceptual analysis of the potential equivalents is to establish the constituent features or characteristics of particular concepts. Translators should be able to determine the intended meaning of legal terms from the context, because legal terms are typified by polysemy (Šarevi2000, 231). Much has been written about polysemy in legal Chinese (see: Keller 1994, , Peerenboom 2002, , Cao 2004, , Grzybek 2013, 54-57). The language of law should be precise. It is commonly acknowledged that contemporary law in China suffers from generality and vagueness and legal Chinese is often just as imprecise as ordinary Chinese (Cao 2004, 94, 113). The polysemy of the term in legal context The purpose of this article is an analysis of the term jgun in two Chinese statutes: (i) (ii) General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China adopted by the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress on April 12, 1986 Zhnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó mínf tngzé (ChCPL), The Civil Procedure Law of the People s Republic of China adopted by the Fourth Session of the Seventh National People's Congress on April 9, 1991 Zhnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó mínshì sùsòng f (ChCL). The equivalents of in the aspect of technology are: (i) mechanism, gear ( jxiè de gunjiàn bùfen), for instance: qdòng jgun starting gear, or 54

3 Comparative Legilinguistics 20/2014 yòng jxiè jgun bùjng jgun shìpò jgunshuìwù jgun bànl shìwù de bùmén jnshì jgun gng n jgunguójijgun wénhuàjiàoyùjgun kyánjgun lngdo jgun dngzhèngjgun xíngzhèng jgun The New Chinese-English Law Dictionary gng n jgun guójijgun shuìwù jgun Inconsistent terminology in the target language sfjgun The Chinese-English dictionary of commonly used legal terms sf jgun The Chinese-English Law Dictionary The New Chinese-English Law DictionaryThe English-Chinese Bilingual Dictionary of Law The New Chinese-English Law Dictionary English-Chinese Bilingual Dictionary of Law

4 Joanna GRZYBEK, The Civil Law Term Jgun in... The New Chinese-English Law Dictionary The English-Chinese Bilingual Dictionary of Law The Chinese-English Law Dictionary The term in General Principles of the Civil Law of the People s Republic of China and Civil Procedure Law of the People s Republic of China Bilingual Education Series with Law and Regulations Fl chbnshè as an organ gunfng jgun

5 Comparative Legilinguistics 20/2014 zhngyngjgun zhyàojgun guóji de zhngyng jgun lìf jgun xíngzhèngjgun jngjì jgun sf jgun lìxiànjgun zhèngzhìjgun nquánjgun das Organ die BundesrepublikLänderKörperschaften Anstalten des öffentlichen Rechts Organe LandtageLandesregierungen Kapitalgesellschaft organ organy administracji publicznej Kodeks postpowania administracyjnego ministrowiecentralne organy administracji rzdowej wojewodowie organy jednostek samorzdu terytorialnegogmina powiatwojewództwozwizek gminzwizek powiatów wójtburmistrzprezydent miasta starostamarszałek województwa spółka z ograniczon odpowiedzialnoci jgun qtájgun xíngzhèng jgun anderes OrganVerwaltungsorganinny organorgan administracyjny guójijgun das Staatsorganorgan krajowypolitical organ zhèngzhìjgun politisches Organorgan polityczny jinchájgun yugun jgun

6 Joanna GRZYBEK, The Civil Law Term Jgun in... zuständiges Organodpowiedni organ jinchá jgun Aufsichtsbehörde Überwachungsorgan. die Aktiengesellschaft die Genossenschaftjinchájgun organ nadzorczyorgan nadzoru gng'njgun gng'njgun huòzh qít yu jgunrénmínfyuàn jio gng'njgun Organ für öffentliche SicherheitPolizeibehörde organ bezpieczestwa publicznego Tab. 1. as an organ. jgun qtájgun xíngzhèng jgun guójijgun zhèngzhìjgun jinchájgun yugun jgun gng'n jgun

7 Comparative Legilinguistics 20/2014 as an office gngzhèng jgun jìng suzài guógngzhèng jgun das Büro biuro Begalubigungsstellebiuro notarialne jednostka certyfikacyjna Tab. 2. as an office. gngzhèng jgun as an authority jgun quánlìjgòuhéf dejgun Behörde Behörde

8 Joanna GRZYBEK, The Civil Law Term Jgun in... władze, władze lokalne zhgunjgun dngjì jgun shuìwùjgun shàngjíjgun Tab. 3. as an authority. jgun zhgunjgun dngjìjgun shuìwùjgun shàngjíjgun jgun organy Behörde

9 Comparative Legilinguistics 20/2014 cáizhèng jgun as an organisation zhèngf jgun cáizhèng jgun dngzhèngjgun xíngzhèng jgun gng njgun rènhé wàiguójgun Tab. 4. as an organization. rènhé wàiguójgun as an agency gngshng xíngzhèng gunljgun zhòngcáijgun

10 Joanna GRZYBEK, The Civil Law Term Jgun in... Tab. 5. as an agency. gngshng xíngzhèng gunljgun zhòngcaíjgun zhòngcaíjgun instytycja arbitraowa Conclusions dìq yliáo boxin jgunortskrankenkasse miejscowa kasa chorych xíngxíng jgun jiànzhù zhgun jgun Bauamturzd budowlany Kassekasa AnstaltzakładAmturzd

11 Comparative Legilinguistics 20/2014

12 Joanna GRZYBEK, The Civil Law Term Jgun in... Bibliography Chinese law: A language perspective Alternatywne metody rozwizywania sporów w przekładzie chisko-polskim i polsko-chiskimstudium badawcze terminologii z zakresu arbitrau The American Journal of Comparative Law China s Long March Toward Rule of Law The Limits of the Rule of Law in China New Approach to Legal Translation Dictionaries Wahrig. Deutsches Wörterbuch

13 Comparative Legilinguistics 20/2014 Sources Zhnghuá rénmín gònghéguó mínf tngzé Zhnghuá rénmín gònghéguó mínshì sùsòng f. Kodeks postpowania administracyjnego

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