Comparison of calving course of Charolaise purebreds and their crossbreeds with Polish Holstein-Friesian cows

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1 Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Animal Science No 54 (2), 2015: (Ann. Warsaw Univ. of Life Sci. SGGW, Anim. Sci. 54 (2), 2015) Comparison of calving course of Charolaise purebreds and their crossbreeds with Polish Holstein-Friesian cows TOMASZ PRZYSUCHA, MARCIN GOŁĘBIEWSKI, KAROLINA WNĘK, JAN SLÓSARZ, MAŁGORZATA KUNOWSKA-SLÓSARZ Department of Animal Breeding and Production, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Abstract: Comparison of calving course of Charolaise purebreds and their crossbreeds with Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Calving course of cows of Charolaise breed covered by bulls of the same breed as well as cows of Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) breed inseminated with Charolaise bull s semen was investigated. In purebred population the material was taken from the beef cattle recording scheme provided by the Polish Association of Beef Cattle Breeders and Producers. In case of commercial crossing the material was taken from the questionnaires collected by the technicians representing Mazovian Centre of Animal Breeding and Reproduction in Łowicz. The data base covered calving course degree and calf body weight at birth degree. It was proved, that the significantly higher ratio of deliveries when human help was needed was stated in the purebred Charolaise population (24.5%), in comparison to crossbreeding where the above mentioned ratio was only 12.2%. The most difficult calvings were observed for the calves of the highest birth weight. The high ratio of assisted calvings in commercial crossing as well as in purebred population of Charolaises suggest that all of the deliveries should be monitored by the breeders. It should be also stated that the ratio of difficult calvings in the commercial crossing is significantly lower than that observed in purebred PHF population. Because of so low ratio of assisted calvings in commercial crossing with Charolaise bulls it should be recommended to use the semen of bulls which pedigree show high body weight at birth and muscularity. Key words: Charolaise, calving course, commercial crossing INTRODUCTION Beef cows are not milked, hence the economic results of this branch of beef production depend mainly on the number of healthy and vital calves born from cows without any negative influence on their health and future reproduction. Among many factors influencing the proper calves development, beside of husbandry conditions, the calving course is mentioned by many authors (Nogalski 2004, Grodzki et al. 2009, Przysucha 2009). Calving course depends on many factors like: breed, body weight and condition of cow, calving number, body weight and sex of calf at delivery. Calving difficulty, growth rate and calf muscularity are the main traits used to formulate the evaluation criteria of breeding indexes for beef cattle in many countries. According to many authors (Philippson 1976, Philippson 1977, Burfening et al. 1981, Meijering 1984, Berger 1994, Nogalski and Klupczyński 1999, Grodzki et al. 2010), calving course is influenced by many genetic and phenotypic factors. On the base of the wide literature review Nogalski (2004) and Przysucha (2009) agreed, that the main

2 134 T. Przysucha et al. factors affecting calving course were: cow age (calving number), calf body weight at birth, calf sex, cow caliber and its pelvis area, parents breed, pregnancy length, parents genotypes, cow condition and feeding during pregnancy, calf shape and its position at delivery. All the above mentioned factors are strictly connected one to the other. Following the rules of the most breeding programs for beef breeds it is easy to recognize, that calving course, calf body weight at delivery, calf body shape, daily growth rate, feed conversion, cutting rate and carcass quality are the main items to the breeding value formula (Nogalski and Klupczyński 1999, Przysucha et al. 2005, Przysucha et al. 2007). In the young Polish beef cattle production the purebred female population consists of 14 beef breeds, but Charolaise cows and heifers number amounts to about 15% and in commercial crossing to 8.5%. Charolaise breed is predisposed for the intensive fattening with the very high daily gain at the moderate feedstuffs use. Animals kept for slaughtering can be fattened to the high body weight without any risk of over fattening. The proper use of beef bulls (without regard of their breed) is crucial for the commercial crossing results. This type of crossbreeding is often identified with calving difficulties. Papers provided by many authors clearly proved, that the calving difficulties within specialized beef breeds are the same or even lower (in case of commercial crossing) than those in case of purebred dairy herd (Hanset 1981, Nix et al. 1998, Nogalski 2002, Przysucha and Grodzki 2008, Przysucha et al. 2009). The aim of the research was to determine the frequency of difficult calvings in Charolaise cows and dairy cows inseminated by Charolaise bulls semen in the commercial crossing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The calving course of 98 purebred Charolaise (3 8 years old) cows inseminated by the same breed bulls as well as 123 Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows serviced by Charolaise bulls semen (commercial crossbreeds) was monitored. Results of beef cattle recording scheme conducted by Polish Association of Beef Cattle Breeders and Producers constituted the material for investigation. In case of commercial crossing (dairy cow Charolaise bull) the calving course was examined by technicians from Mazovian Centre of Animal Breeding and Reproduction in Łowicz. The data base covered calving course degree and calf body weight at birth degree. Calving course was evaluated as: normal, without any assistance (1), help of the breeder needed (2). Depending on body weight at birth (kg) calves were divided into the following groups: up to 35 kg, kg, beyond 45 kg. Statistical analysis of the calving difficulties frequencies was carried out by Chi-square test using SPSS 12.0 (Statistical Product and Service Solution 1998).

3 Comparison of calving course of Charolaise purebreds RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The ratio of calving course examination for purebred and crossbred populations was presented in Table 1. Relatively high percentage of difficult calvings (with assistance needed) in purebred Charolaises and crossbreds from commercial crossing of PHF cows with Charolaise bulls suggests, that all TABLE 1. The ratio of calving course examination for purebred and crossbred populations Population Purebred Commercial crossing Significance at P Calving course with help without any assistanse of the breeder (1) (2) Total N % N % Obtained results show significantly higher ratio of difficult calvings in the purebred Charolaise population in comparison to commercial crossing. The calf body weight at birth had significant influence on calving course ratio. The highest ratio of difficult calvings were found, when calf body weight was the highest (Table 2). Obtained results are the same as those presented by practically all the authors dealing with the problem. of the deliveries should be monitored by the breeder. It should be stated, that the ratio of difficult calvings in commercial crossing with Charolaise bulls is much lower than those shown by the authors dealing with the purebred PHF (Fouz et al. 2013). Because of the relatively small percentage of difficult deliveries in commercial crossing with Charolaise bulls, this breed should be recommended to use for that purpose. The highest calving difficulty, compared with pure TABLE 2. The influence of calf body weight at birth on calving course Population Purebred Commercial crossing Significance at P Calf body weight at birth (kg) without any assistanse (1) Calving course with help of the breeder (2) % < > < >

4 136 T. Przysucha et al. Holsteins was for crosses with Belgian Blue followed by Limousine and Galician Blonde (Fouz et al. 2013). Irrespectively to calves genotype (purebreds or crossbreeds) the frequencies of difficult calvings increase with the birth body weight of the calves (Table 2). REFERENCES BERGER P.J. 1994: Genetic prediction for calving ease in the United States: Data, models and use by the dairy industry. J. Dairy Sci. 77: BURFENING P.J., KRESS D.D., FRIEDRICH R.L., VANIMAN D.D. 1981: Phenotypic and genetic relationships between calving ease, gestation length, birth weight and preweaning growth. J. Anim. Sci. 47 (3): FOUZ R., GANDOY F., SANJUÁN M.L., YUS E., DIÉGUEZ F.J. 2013: The use of crossbreeding with beef bulls in dairy herds: effects on calving difficulty and gestation length. Animal. 7 (2): GRODZKI H., NAWROCKI L., PRZYSUCHA T., GRODZKI G., KONOPKA B. 2009: Chów bydła mięsnego. Wielkopolskie Wydawnictwo Rolnicze, Poznań. GRODZKI H., PRZYSUCHA T., SLÓSARZ J. 2010: The influence of commercial crossbreeding of dairy cows with bulls of French breeds (Blonde d Aquitaine, Charolaise, Limousine) on calving course. Ann. Warsaw Univ. of Life Sci. SGGW, Anim. Sci. 47: HANSET R. 1981: Selection problems when antagonistic effects exist between production characteristics and calving difficulties. Livest. Prod. Sci. 8: MEIJERING A. 1984: Dystocia and stillbirths in cattle A review of causes, relations and implications. Livest. Prod. Sci. 11: 143. NIX J.M., SPITZER J.C., GRIMES L.W., PLY- LER B.B., 1998: A retrospective analysis of factors contributing to calf mortality and dystocia in beef cattle. Theriogenology 49: NOGALSKI Z. 2002: Effect of selected factors on the course of parturition in holstein-friesian heifers. J. of Polish Agric. Universities, Animal Husbandry 5 (2). media.pl/series/volume5/issue2/animal/art- 03.html. NOGALSKI Z. 2004: Zootechniczne uwarunkowania jakości porodu jałówek i krów czarno- -białych. Rozpr. i Monogr. 101, UWM Olsztyn. NOGALSKI Z., KLUPCZYŃSKI J. 1999: Przebieg wycieleń, wielkość i żywotność cieląt w stadzie bydła mięsnego w Mielnie. Zesz. Nauk. Prz. Hod. 44: PHILIPSSON J. 1976: Studies on calving difficulty, stillbirth and associated factors in Swedish cattle breeds. III. Genetic parameters. Acta Agric. Scand. 26: PHILIPSSON J. 1977: Studies on calving difficulty, stillbirth and associated factors in Swedish cattle breeds. VI. Effects of crossbreeding. Acta Agric. Scand. 27: PRZYSUCHA T. 2009: Osobnicze uwarunkowania przebiegu ocieleń krów oraz umięśnienia i żywotności cieląt pochodzących po buhajach rasy piemontese użytkowanych w Polsce i we Włoszech. Ph.D. thesis. Wyd. SGGW, Warszawa. PRZYSUCHA T., GRODZKI H. 2008: Relationship between calving course and calf body weight at birth and calf/cow body weight ratio. Elec. J. of Polish Agric. Universities, Animal Husbandry 11 (3): 1 7. PRZYSUCHA T., GRODZKI H., BRZOZOW- SKI P., ZDZIARSKI K. 2005: Wpływ wybranych czynników na przebieg porodów krów rasy Limousine. Med. Wet. 61 (9): PRZYSUCHA T., GRODZKI H., SLÓSARZ J. 2007: Wpływ masy ciała krowy, kolejności i sezonu ocielenia oraz płci i masy cielęcia przy urodzeniu na wyniki odchowu cieląt rasy salers. Med. Wet. 63 (3): PRZYSUCHA T., GRODZKI H., SLÓSARZ J., GOŁĘBIEWSKI M., KUNOWSKA-SLÓ- SARZ M. 2009: Wpływ kondycji krów rasy Limousine przed ocieleniem na rodzaj porodu. Med. Wet. 65 (12):

5 Comparison of calving course of Charolaise purebreds Statistical product and service solution case version 8.0 for Windows, User s Guide, 1998, by SPSS Inc., USA. Streszczenie: Porównanie przebiegu porodu u krów rasy charolaise i jej mieszańców z bydłem rasy polskiej holsztyńsko-fryzyjskiej. W pracy oceniono przebieg porodów 98 krów rasy charolaise krytych buhajami tej samej rasy oraz 123 krów rasy polskiej holsztyńsko-fryzyjskiej odmiany czarno-białej (phf) krytych w krzyżowaniu towarowym z buhajami mięsnej rasy charolaise. W hodowli czystorasowej materiałem do badań były wyniki oceny użytkowości bydła mięsnego prowadzonej przez Polski Związek Hodowców i Producentów Bydła Mięsnego. W przypadku krzyżowania towarowego materiałem do badań były dane zawarte w Kartach przebiegu ocielenia krowy prowadzonych przez specjalistów Mazowieckiego Centrum Hodowli i Rozrodu Zwierząt Sp. z o.o. w Łowiczu. Dane dotyczące 98 porodów krów rasy charolaise inseminowanych nasieniem buhajów tej samej rasy oraz 123 porodów krów phf inseminowanych nasieniem buhajów mięsnej rasy charolaise obejmowały ocenę przebiegu porodu oraz masę cielęcia przy urodzeniu. Uzyskane wyniki jednoznacznie pokazują, że znacznie większy i statystycznie istotny udział porodów wymagających pomocy człowieka stwierdzono w populacji czystorasowej bydła charolaise (24,5%), w porównaniu z krzyżowaniem towarowym krów mlecznych z buhajami tej rasy, gdzie odsetek trudnych ocieleń wyniósł zaledwie 12,2%. Analiza statystyczna wykazała istotny wpływ masy cielęcia na rozkład ocen przebiegu porodu w obu badanych populacjach. Najwięcej trudnych porodów zanotowano w grupie cieląt o największej masie przy urodzeniu. Stosunkowo duży odsetek porodów wymagających udziału człowieka zarówno w krzyżowaniu towarowym, jak i w populacji czystorasowej charolaise sugeruje potrzebę monitorowania przez hodowcę wszystkich porodów. Należy podkreślić, że odsetek przypadków trudnych ocieleń w krzyżowaniu towarowym z rasą charolaise jest znacznie mniejszy z ich częstością, jaką notuje się u bydła phf utrzymywanego w czystości rasy. Słowa kluczowe: charolaise, rodzaj porodów, krzyżowanie towarowe MS received November 2015 Authors address: Tomasz Przysucha Zakład Hodowli Bydła Katedra Szczegółowej Hodowli Zwierząt Wydział Nauk o Zwierzętach SGGW ul. Ciszewskiego 8, Warszawa Poland tomasz_przysucha@sggw.pl