Live testing results of Złotnicka Spotted (ZS), ZS Polish Large White, and ZS Hampshire fatteners

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Tadeusz Kwiecień
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1 Animal Science Papers and Reports vol. 24 (2006) Supplement 1, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzębiec, Poland Presented at the Conference Genetic and Breeding Research on Pigs with Special Reference to Indigenous Breeds organized to commemorate the 10 th anniversary of the death of Professor Stefan Alexandrowicz October 2005, Poznań, Poland Live testing results of Złotnicka Spotted (ZS), ZS Polish Large White, and ZS Hampshire fatteners Karolina Szulc 1, Janusz T. Buczyński 2, Ewa Skrzypczak 1, Anna Panek 1 1 Department of Pig Breeding and Production, The August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań, Wołyńska 33, Poznań, Poland 2 Department of Food Commodity Science, Poznań University of Economics, Al. Niepodleglości 10, Poznań, Poland Investigated was the fattening potential of purebred Złotnicka Spotted (ZS, n = 423), ZS Polish Large White (ZSPLW, n=36) and ZS Hampshire (ZSH, n=31) pigs using the PIGLOG 105 apparatus. The best results were shown in ZSPLW crossbreds (from ZS sows by PLW boars) characterized by higher meat content of carcass, better live weight gain and thinner backfat than in the other two groups. The results suggest the use the ZS breed for production of crossbred fatteners on a wider scale. KEY WORDS: crossing / fatteners / live testing / pig / Zlotnicka Spotted pig It is commonly accepted that Złotnicka Spotted (ZS) pigs show a very high meat quality with simultaneous inferior fattening ability, high fat and low meat content of carcass [Meller et al. 1974, Wajda and Ratajszczak 1988, Buczyński et al. 1997, 1998]. Numerous authors obtained promising results in commercial crossing of ZS pigs with 65

2 K. Szulc et al. Polish Large White, Polish Landrace and Pietrain [Alexandrowicz and Ratajszczak 1968, Ratajszczak 1986, Kapelański 1995, Michalska et al. 1999]. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability for fattening of ZS pigs as compared to ZS Polish Large White and ZS Hampshire crosses. Material and methods Live testing of fatteners was performed with a PIGLOG 105 apparatus. Evaluated were 423 Złotnicka Spotted (ZS), 36 ZS Polish Large White (ZSPLW) and 31 ZS Hampshire (ZSH) fatteners, where dam breed was always ZS. The animals were kept under the uniform environment conditions and fed complete rations ad lib. according to feeding standards. The investigations were conducted in the years in a piggery belonging to EKOTYP in Zdbowo. A one-way analysis of variance was performed according to the following formula: where: Y ij = μ + gk i + e ij Y ij value of the trait in the ij-th individual; μ expected value; gk i effect of the i-th genotype of the sire (i = 1, 2, 3) e ij effect of random error. Least significant differences (LSD) were identified between group means according to Oktaba [1980]. A SAS statistical software package was used in the calculations based on ANOVA. Calculations were performed at the Department of Pig Breeding and Production, the August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań. Results and discussion Interbreed crossing of pigs has been used for a long time. It is also commonly known that crosses in comparison to purebred animals exhibit better growth rate and show higher meat content of carcass. Suitability of ZS pigs for crossing was confirmed by the results of experiments conducted in the sixties and eighties. Positive results were obtained from commercial crossing of ZS pigs with white breeds, i.e. Polish Large White and Polish Landrace [Alexandrowicz and Ratajszczak 1968, Alexandrowicz et al. 1969, Ratajszczak 1986]. This study incorporates live testing results of animals coming from mating purebred Złotnicka Spotted sows to ZS, Polish Large White and Hampshire sires. Table 1 presents a comparison of the three genotypes in terms of live-tested fatteners traits. 66

3 Genetic and Breeding Research on Pigs with Special Reference to Indigenous Breeds Table 1. Means and their variation indicators for live-tested traits in gilts of three genetic groups Trait Złotnicka Spotted (n=423) A, a Złotnicka Spotted Polish Large White (n=36) B, b Złotnicka Spotted Hampshire (n=31) C, c mean SD CV mean SD CV mean SD CV Age at slaughter (days) C B Body weight at slaughter (kg) Standardized daily live weight gain on day 180 (g) 412 B CA B Backfat thickness in point P 2 (mm) CB A A Backfat thickness in point P 4 (mm) b a a Loin eye height (mm) c a Meat content of carcass (%) CB A A Live testing index (score) B CA B a,b,c P 0.05; A,B,C P The youngest at slaughter were ZSPLW crosses followed by pure ZS and ZSH fatteners (203, 219 and 230 days, respectively). The difference between the ZSPLW and ZSH crosses was highly significant. In terms of live body weight at slaughter no significant differences between the genetic groups were found. On the test-day the mean live body weight of purebred ZS pigs was kg. Lighter were ZSHs (86.83 kg), while ZSPLW crosses were the lightest (84.28 kg). The highest mean daily live weight gain was found in ZSPLW crosses (479 g), being highly significantly different from the means for ZS (412 g) and ZSH (399 g) fatteners. In the ZSPLW group this trait was characterized by the highest variation coefficient (27.75%). The thickest backfat at point P2 and P4 was found in purebred ZS fatteners. For these traits significant differences were identified between the mean for ZS and the means for both crossbred groups. The variation coefficient varied around 25%. In the current report a definitely positive effect on live testing results is presented for crossing the ZS with the Polish Large White breed. The highest daily live weight 67

4 K. Szulc et al. gain and the smallest backfat depth were found in ZSPLW crosses. A similar decrease in backfat depth in ZSPLWs in comparison with purebred ZS animals was observed by Ratajszczak and Wajda [1984]. Loin eye height was 43 mm in the ZSH, 42 mm in ZSPLW and 41 mm in pure ZS fatteners, significant differences being identified between the latter and two remaining groups. Meat content of carcass was 51.74% in the ZSH, 51.52% in the ZSPLW and 49.29% in purebred ZS fatteners. The trait showed good uniformity and coefficients of variation did not exceed 9%. Highly significant differences were identified between the mean meat content of carcass in purebred ZS animals and the means for both groups of crosses. Thus, both groups of crosses exhibited better meat deposition than that found in purebred fatteners, while superior meat content of carcass was observed in ZSH crosses. The results presented here confirm the opinions of other authors who indicated that various variants of pig crosses with the Złotnicka Spotted breed exhibit better meat deposition than purebred Złotnicka Spotted individuals [Buczyński et al. 1997, 1998, Kapelański 1995]. The last analysed trait was the value of the live testing index, that occurred highest in ZSPLW crosses (Tab. 1). Its mean score was 82 points, with a high coefficient of variation (33.57%), being highly significantly different from means for purebred ZS and ZSH crosses (62 and 69 points, respectively. Summing up it needs to be stated that the present pig breeding and production no longer aim at increasing meat content of carcass, but at improving meat quality. For this reason the Złotnicka Spotted breed may be successfully used at a wider scale in the production of crosses REFERENCES ALEXANDROWICZ S., RATAJSZCZAK M., Badania nad wartością krzyżowania towarowego świń rasy złotnickiej pstrej z rasami białymi. Przegląd Hodowlany 12. ALEXANDROWICZ S., RATAJSZCZAK M., ZNANIECKI P., Wyniki krzyżowania knurów landrace i loch złotnickich pstrych z uwzględnieniem określenia mięsności potomstwa na zasadzie ciężaru właściwego szynek. Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, Komitet Nauk Rolniczych i Leśnych v.10, no. 3-4, BUCZYŃSKI J.T., ZABOROWSKI T., SZULC K., Fattening and slaughter performance of meat type crossbred porkers with a share of Złotnicka Spotted pig. Animal Science and Reports 15 (3), BUCZYŃSKI J.T., SZULC K., FAJFER E., LUCIŃSKI P., Przydatność świń rasy złotnicka pstra jako komponentu krzyżowania towarowego. Materiały na Konferencję Naukową Przyszłość hodowli a dobrostan zwierząt. Kraków czerwca. KAPELAŃSKI W., Z prac nad toruńskim hybrydem. Trzoda Chlewna 10, MELLER Z., SOBINA I., JARCZYK A., MIELNIK J., Jakość mięsa mieszańców świń rasy złotnickiej pstrej, pietrain i wielkiej białej polskiej. Roczniki IPM XI, p. 13 MICHALSKA G., NOWACHOWICZ J., RAK B., Mięsność knurów mieszańców po ojcach rasy pietrain i matkach różnych ras i linii świń. Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki, Suplement 3,

5 Genetic and Breeding Research on Pigs with Special Reference to Indigenous Breeds OKTABA W., Metody statystyki matematycznej w doświadczalnictwie. PWN Warszawa, p. 23. RATAJSZCZAK M., WAJDA S., Przydatność do tuczu i wartość rzeźna dwu- i trójrasowych mieszańców świń wielkich białych polskich, polskich białych zwisłouchych i złotnickich pstrych. Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu CXLVIII RATAJSZCZAK M., Przydatność świń złotnickich do krzyżowania towarowego. Trzoda Chlewna 7-8, WAJDA S., RATAJSZCZAK M., Wyniki tuczu i wartość rzeźna świń rasy wielkiej białej polskiej i złotnickiej pstrej. Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych.355, Karolina Szulc, Janusz T. Buczyński, Ewa Skrzypczak, Anna Panek Wyniki oceny przyżyciowej świń rasy złotnickiej pstrej oraz mieszańców złp wbp i złp hampshire S t r e s z c z e n i e Celem badań była próba określenia przydatności do tuczu świń rasy złotnickiej pstrej oraz mieszańców złp wbp i złp hampshire na podstawie oceny przyżyciowej przeprowadzonej według obowiązującej metodyki aparatem PIGLOG 105. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w latach łącznie na 490 zwierzętach, w tym na 423 tucznikach czystorasowych złp, 36 mieszańcach złp wbp i 31 mieszańcach złp hampshire. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano dla zwierząt z grupy mieszańców od loch złp po knurach wbp. Zwierzęta te charakteryzowały się wyższą mięsnością, lepszymi przyrostami oraz cieńszą słoniną w porównaniu z pozostałymi grupami zwierząt, co wskazuje na możliwość szerszego wykorzystania świń złp do produkcji tuczników mieszańców. 69

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