Pracownia Multimedialna Katedry Anatomii UJ CM

Main intraembryonic and extraembryonik arteries (red) and veins (blue) in a 4-mm embryo (end of the fourth week). Only the vessels on the left side of the embryo are shown Pracownia Multimedialna Katedry Anatomii UJ CM

Fates of arteries of pharyngeal arches: 1. regression (maxillary artery) 2. regression (stapedian artery) 3. internal and common carotid arteries 4. right: right subclavian artery; left: - median portion of aortic arch 5. regression 6. pulmonary arteries, additionally on the left: ductus arteriosus

Closure of the ductus arteriosus. Pracownia Multimedialna Katedry Anatomii UJ CM

Development of the vitelline and umbilical veins during the (A) fourth and (B) fifth weeks. Note the plexus around the duodenum, formation of the hepatic sinusoids, and initiation of the left-to right shunts between the vitelline veins. Pracownia Multimedialna Katedry Anatomii UJ CM

Development of vitelline and umbilical veins in the (A) second and (B) third months. Note formation of the ductus venosus, portal vein, and hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava. The splenic and superior mesenteric veins enter the portal vein. Pracownia Multimedialna Katedry Anatomii UJ CM

Development of the inferior vena cava, azygos vein and superior vena cava, A Seventh week. The anastomosis lies between the subcardinalis, supracardinalis, sacrocardinalis, and anterior cardinalis. B The venous system at birth showing the three components of the inferior vena cava. Pracownia Multimedialna Katedry Anatomii UJ CM

Schematic illustration of the fetal circulation. The color indicate the oxygen saturation of the blood, and the arrows show the course of the blood from the placenta to the heart. The organs are not drawn to scale. Observe that three shunts permit most of the blood to bypass the liver and lungs: (1) ductus venosus; (2) foramen ovale; and (3) ductus arteriosus. The poorly oxygenated blood returns to the placenta for oxygen and nutrients trough the umbilical arteries. Pracownia Multimedialna Katedry Anatomii UJ CM

Schematic illustration of the neonatal circulation. The adult derivatives of the fetal vessels and structures that become nonfunctional at birth are also shown. The arrows indicate the course of the blood in the infant. The organs are not drawn to scale. After birth the shunts that short-circuited the blood during fetal life cease to function, and the pulmonary and systemic circulations become separated. Pracownia Multimedialna Katedry Anatomii UJ CM

Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

A Embryo of approximately 25 days gestation showing the relation of the respiratory diverticulum to the heart, stomach, and liver. B Sagittal section through the cephalic end of 5-week embryo showing the openings of the pharyngeal pouches and the laryngotracheal orifice. Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

Horizontal section of the embryo, illustrating the floor of the primordial pharynx and the location of the laryngotracheal groove. Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

A, B, and C. Successive stages in development of the respiratory diverticulum showing the esophagotracheal ridges and formation of the septum, splitting the foregut into esophagus and trachea with lung buds. Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

A 4 weeks, B 5 weeks, C 6 weeks, D 10 weeks Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

A The most frequent abnormality (90% cases) occurs with the upper esophagus ending in a blind pouch and the lower segment forming a fistula with the trachea. B Isolated esophageal atresia (4% of cases). C H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (4% of cases). D and E Other variations (each 1% of cases) Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

A Right upper (superior) lobe, B Right middle lobe, C Right lower (inferior) lobe, D Left upper (superior) lobe, E Left lower (inferior) lobe. Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

A The canalicular period, B The terminal sac period. Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

Lung tissue in a newborn Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

Development of bronchioles and alveoli Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM

Airway branching anomalies Pracownia Multimedialna Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM