ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN YELLOW AND PURPLE-FLESHED POTATOES CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 1

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1 ZESZYTY PROBLEMOWE POSTĘPÓW NAUK ROLNICZYCH 2008 z. 530: ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN YELLOW AND PURPLE-FLESHED POTATOES CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 1 Krel Hmouz 1, Jromír Lchmn 2, Petr Dvořák 1, Kteřin Hejtmánková 2, Jroslv Čepl 3 1 Deprtment of Plnt Production, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prgue, Czech Republic 2 Deprtment of Chemistry, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prgue, Czech Republic 3 Potto Reserch Institute, Hvlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Introduction Potto tubers represent in humn nutrition significnt source of ntioxidnts, which hs beneficil effect on crdiovsculr diseses, inhibit certin types of cncer nd the degenertion of the retin [STINTZING, CARLE 2004]. Mjor potto ntioxidnts re polyphenols nd L-scorbic cid. These compounds re principlly soluble in wter like to lesser degree contined selenium. Among ntioxidnts soluble in lipids, pottoes contined crotenoids, α-tocopherol nd α-lipoic cid [LACHMAN, HAMOUZ 2005]. Pottoes with purple-coloured peels nd flesh re new for consumers, nd contin nturl nthocynin pigments. The first such cultivr (Vlfi) ws registered in the Czech Republic in 2005 [ŠULC et l. 2007]. Purple-fleshed cultivrs hve ccording to the literture references, higher ntioxidnt tuber ctivity s compred to trditionl yellowfleshed cultivrs [REYES et l. 2005]; it is relted to the content of nthocynin pigments [BROWN 2005; BROWN et l. 2005]. Min nthocynin glycosides, which contribute to the ntioxidnt properties of purple-fleshed pottoes re glycosides of peonidin, petunidin nd mlvidin, wheres in purple-fleshed pottoes glycosides of pelrgonidin previl [BROWN 2004]. The trget of this work ws to compre the ntioxidnt ctivity (AA) determined in some purple or red-fleshed cultivrs with its vlues in common yellow-fleshed pottoes. The other im ws to determine the impct of climtic conditions in individul loclities with different levels bove the se on the ntioxidnt ctivity of tubers. Mteril nd methods In precise field trils in the yers 2006 nd 2007 the totl of five purple-fleshed, one red-fleshed nd two yellow-fleshed cultivrs (Tb. 2) were cultivted ccording to the unified method in the three loclities with different levels bove the se (Tb. 1). 1 Supported by the Ntionl Agency for Agriculturl Reserch of the Czech Republic, Grnt No. 1G46058, nd by the Ministry of Eduction, Youth nd Sports of the Czech Republic, Reserch Proposl No

2 242 K. Hmouz et l. After hrvest the tuber smples of individul cultivrs from ll loctions were nlyzed in the lbortory. Antioxidnt ctivity ws determined by the ABTS [2,2 -zinobis(3- ethylbenzothizolin)-6-sulfonte] method nd totl nthocynin content (TAC) ws determined t the Deprtment of Chemistry of CULS in Prgue. Tble 1; Tbel 1 1) 2) Loclity; Miejscowość Chrcteristics of experimentl loctions Chrkterystyk miejsc uprwy Altitude bove the se level Wysokość nd poziomem morz (m) Averge nnul temperture Średni roczn tempertur ( C) Annul sum of precipittions Roczn sum opdów (mm) Přerov nd Lbem 1) Prh-Suchdol Vlečov 2) Centrl Institute for Supervising nd Testing in Agriculture; Centrlny Ośrodek Bdni Odmin Roślin Uprwnych Potto Reserch Institute Hvlíčkův Brod; Instytut Ziemnik Impct of vriously colour-fleshed cultivrs on ntioxidnt ctivity (AA) of tubers - verge from 3 loctions Tble 2; Tbel 2 Wpływ odmin o róŝnym zbrwieniu miąŝszu n ktywność przeciwutlenijąc (AA) bulw - średni dl 3 miejscowości Cultivrs / flesh colour 2) Odminy / zbrwienie miąŝszu 2) Averge of Średni dl AA 1) sign.; istot. 3) AA 1) sign.; istot. 3) AA 1) sign.; istot. 3) Krin / y 40.1 e 13.6 f 26.8 e Sturn / y 28.1 f 13.4 f 20.7 f Highlnd Burgundy Red / r 82.8 b 55.1 b 69.0 b Blue Congo / lp 66.3 c 47.0 d 56.7 c Sld Blue / lp 60.1 d 50.1 c 5.1 c Vlfi / lp 65.3 c 38.1 e 51.7 d Violette / dp 65.3 c 38.1 e 51.7 d Vitelotte / dp LSD 0.05; NIR 0,05 = 3.13 (2006) LSD 0.05; NIR 0,05 = 2.16 (2007) LSD 0.05;NIR 0,05 = 1.88 (verge; średni ) 1) scorbic cid mount in mg, which is its AA equivlent to 100 g FM of tubers; ilość kwsu skorbinowego w mg, któr jest równowŝn z punktu widzeni AA 100 g św.m. ziemników 2) y - yellow; Ŝółte r - red; czerwone lp - light purple; jsnofioletowe dp - drk purple; ciemnofioletowe 3) homogenous groups; grupy jednorodne ABTS ssy 54.2 mg ABTS were dissolved in phosphte buffer (ph 7.0; 5 mm) nd ctivted to ABTS + rdicl by the ddition of 1 g MnO 2 with occsionl stirring nd 30 min time of ctivtion [PENNYCOOKE et l. 2005]. Then the solution ws centrifuged (5 min, g), filtered (25 µm) nd diluted with phosphte buffer to bsorbnce (t 0 ) ± Smple ddition ws 5 µl, time of rection 20 min. The bsorbnce of the solution ws mesured t the wvelength of λ = 734 nm.

3 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN YELLOW AND PURPLE-FLESHED Totl nthocynin content (TAC) determintion The mesurement of non hydrolysed TAC using the ph differentil method described by LAPORNIK et l. [2005] bsed on the totl nthocynin trnsformtion to flvylium ction t ph of extrcts decresing to vlues between 0.5 nd 0.8 ws crried out. TAC ws expressed s cynidin (ε 1% 1 cm = 300; 523 nm). Results nd Discussion Tble 2 shows the pprent differences in AA of tubers between yellow, purple or red-fleshed cultivrs. Purple nd red-fleshed cultivrs showed significntly higher AA (in verge 2.9 times) in comprison to yellow-fleshed cultivrs. In ddition, REYES et l. [2005] obtined similr results. The highest AA vlue between purple-fleshed cultivrs ws determined in the cv. Violette (95.4 mg scorbic cid 100 g -1 FM = 100%), in the other purple-fleshed cultivrs the AA decresed Vitelotte 3.4%, Blue Congo 40.6%, Sld Blue 42.2% nd Vlfi 46.0%. In the red-fleshed cv. Highlnd Burgundy Red AA decresed s compred to the cv. Violette 27.7% nd the highest decrese ws shown by yellow-fleshed cv. Krin 71.9% nd Sturn 78.4%. Higher AA vlues of the cvs Violette nd Vitelotte s compred to other purple-fleshed cultivrs re obviously relted to their drker colour of the flesh nd to higher content of nthocynins, s described by BROWN [2004]. Other evidence of BROWN [2005] lso confirms our results nd ccording to them nthocynins could be tken together with chlorogenic cid nd cffeic cid for min potto contributors to AA. Between the yellow-fleshed cultivrs, the cv. Krin significntly exceeded the cv. Sturn in AA. The totl nthocynin content (TAC) ws determined in purple nd red-fleshed cultivrs. The highest vlues were determined in the cultivrs with the drkest flesh colour Violette nd Vitelotte nd further in the red-fleshed cv. Highlnd Burgundy Red (Fig. 1). These cultivrs t the sme time hd demonstrted the highest AA vlues nd TAC well correlted with them. The rnge of TAC between the cultivrs ws reltively tidy; vr. Blue Congo with the lowest content reching 29% of the vlue determined in the vr. Violette (64.1 mg per 100 g FM) with the highest TAC. In ddition, BROWN [2005] ttined the similr results nd showed TAC in purple nd red-fleshed pottoes within the rnge from 9 to 38 mg per 100 g FM. Our results re in greement with DELGADO et l. [2001], who determined highly positive correltions between the ntioxidnt cpcity nd nthocynin content nd totl polyhenol content nd consider the former compounds s the mjor source of ntioxidnt cpcity.

4 244 K. Hmouz et l. mg cynidin:100 g -1 FM mg cyjnidyny:100 g -1 św.m ) b Blue Congo Vlfi Sld Blue Highlnd Burgundy Red c d e Violette e Vitelotte cultivrs; odminy 1) homogenous groups; grupy jednorodne Fig. 1. Effect of cultivr on totl nthocynin content (mg of cynidin 100 g -1 FM); 2006, verge for 3 loctions Rys. 1. Wpływ odminy n ogólną zwrtość ntocyjnów (mg cyjnidyny 100 g -1 św.m.), średni dl 3 miejscowości

5 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN YELLOW AND PURPLE-FLESHED mg scorbic cid:100 g -1 FM; mg kwsu skorbowego:100 g -1 św.m b b Přerov n. L. Suchdol Vlečov Fig. 2. Effect of loction on the AA of tubers (mg scorbic cid 100 g -1 FM - verge for ll purple-fleshed cultivrs). Verticl lines represent stndrd differences Rys. 2. Wpływ miejscowości n AA bulw (mg kwsu skorbinowego:100 g -1 św.m. - średni wszystkich odmin o fioletowym zbrwieniu miąŝszu). Linie pionowe wskzują wrtości błędu stndrdowego The present two-yer results did not confirm the impct of loction on AA of tubers (Fig. 2); the effect of the yer of cultivtion previled. A trend ws obsrved in 2006, when significntly lesser AA ws noted on the wrmest loction Přerov nd Lbem in the low ground longside the Lbe river however those observtions were not confirmed in Conclusions 1. Potto AA is demonstrbly ffected by the vrietl genotype. 2. Purple nd red-fleshed potto cultivrs showed on verge 2.9 times higher AA of tubers in comprison with yellow-fleshed pottoes. 3. Considerble differences of AA nd TAC ws found in the purple nd red-fleshed cultivrs, where the highest AA were noted in the cultivrs with high content of totl nthocynins. 4. The obtined results did not prove the impct of loction on AA of tubers. References

6 246 K. Hmouz et l. BROWN C.R Nutrient sttus of potto: Assessment of future trends. Proceedings of the Wshington Stte Potto Conference: BROWN C.R Antioxidnts in potto. Am. J. Pot. Res. 82: BROWN C.R., CULLEY D., YANG C.P., DURST R., WROLSTAD R Vrition of nthocynin nd crotenoid contents nd ssocited ntioxidnt vlues in potto breeding lines. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 130: DELGADO E., SULAIMAN M.I., PAWELZIK E Importnce of chlorogenic cid on the oxidtive potentil of potto tubers of two Germn cultivrs. Pot. Res. 44(2): LACHMAN J., HAMOUZ K Red nd purple coloured pottoes s significnt ntioxidnt source in humn nutrition - review. Plnt Soil Environ. 51: LAPORNIK B., PROŠEK M., WONDRA A.G Comprison of extrcts prepred from plnt by-products using different solvents nd extrction time. J. of Food Engineering 71: PENNYCOOKE J.C., COX S., STUSHNOFF C Reltionship of cold cclimtion, totl phenolic content nd ntioxidnt cpcity with chilling tolernce in petuni (Petuni x hybrid). Environmentl nd Experimentl Botny 53: REYES L.F., MILLER J.C., CISNEROS-ZEVALLOS L Antioxidnt cpcity, nthocynins nd totl phenolics in purple- nd red-fleshed potto (Solnum tuberosum L.) genotypes. Am. J. Pot. Res. 82: STINTZING F.C., CARLE R Functionl properties of nthocynins nd betlins in plnts, food, nd humn nutrition. Trends in Food Science & Technology 15: ŠULC M., LACHMAN J., HAMOUZ K., ORSÁK M., DVOŘÁK P., HORÁČKOVÁ V Výběr zhodnocení vhodných metod pro stnovení ntioxidční ktivity filových červených odrůd brmbor. Chemické listy 101: Key words: pottoes, purple nd red-fleshed cultivrs, ntioxidnt ctivity, nthocynins Summry In precise field trils on three loctions in the Czech Republic the impct of yellow, red nd purple-fleshed potto cultivrs in the yers 2006 nd 2007 ws investigted s well s the effect of loction conditions on ntioxidnt ctivity (AA) of tubers (expressed by ABTS ssy in mg scorbic cid 100 g -1 FM). The highest AA ws determined in the drkly purple-fleshed cv. Violette (95.4 mg scorbic cid 100 g -1 FM). In the purple nd red-fleshed cultivrs, AA ws on the verge 2.9 times higher s compred to yellow-fleshed cultivrs. Significnt AA differences between purple nd red-fleshed cultivrs were found; the cultivrs of the highest totl nthocynin content (TAC rnged from 18.6 to 64.1 mg 100 g -1 FM) were reching the highest AA vlues. The obtined results did not prove the impct of loction on AA of tubers. AKTYWNOŚĆ PRZECIWUTLENIAJĄCA ZIEMNIAKÓW O śółtym I FIOLETOWYM ZABARWIENIU MIĄśSZU UPRAWIANYCH W RÓśNYCH WARUNKACH KLIMATYCZNYCH

7 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN YELLOW AND PURPLE-FLESHED Krel Hmouz 1, Jromír Lchmn 2, Petr Dvořák 1, Kteřin Hejtmánková 2, Jroslv Čepl 3 1 Ktedr Produkcji Roślinnej, Czeski Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Prdze, Republik Czesk 2 Ktedr Chemii, Czeski Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Prdze, Republik Czesk 3 Instytut Ziemnik, Hvlíčkův Brod, Republik Czesk Słow kluczowe: ziemniki, odminy z Ŝółtym i fioletowym miąŝszem, ktywność przeciwutlenijąc, ntocyjny Streszczenie W ścisłych doświdczenich polowych przeprowdzonych w trzech miejscowościch w Republice Czeskiej, w ltch 2006 i 2007, stwierdzono wpływ odmin ziemników o Ŝółtym, czerwonym i fioletowym zbrwieniu miąŝszu orz wpływ wrunków bdń n ktywność przeciwutlenijącą - AA - bulw (ABTS metod w mg kwsu skorbinowego w 100 g św.m.). NjwyŜszą AA stwierdzono u odminy Violette o ciemnofioletowym zbrwieniu miąŝszu - 95,4 mg kwsu skorbinowego 100 g -1 św.m. U odmin o fioletowym i czerwonym zbrwieniu miąŝszu stwierdzono AA średnio 2,9 rz wyŝszą niŝ u odmin o zbrwieniu Ŝółtym. Istotne róŝnice AA występowły teŝ między odminmi o fioletowym lub czerwonym zbrwieniu miąŝszu. NjwyŜsze wrtości AA miły odminy o njwiększej zwrtości ntocyjnów (whł się w grnicch od 18,6 do 64,1 mg 100 g -1 św.m.). Wyniki nie wykzły wpływu środowisk n AA bulw. Prof. Ing. Krel Hmouz, CSc. Deprtment of Plnt Production Czech University of Life Sciences in Prgue Kmýcká PRAGUE 6 - SUCHDOL e-mil: hmouz@f.czu.cz