Struktury energetyczne samochodów osobowych opracowane na podstawie dostępnych wyników prób zderzeniowych

Struktury energetyczne samochodów osobowych opracowane na podstawie dostępnych wyników prób zderzeniowych dr hab. inŝ. Krzysztof Piotr Jankowski, nadzw. PR Politechnika Radomska dr inŝ. Mirosław Gidlewski Politechnika Radomska mgr inŝ. Leszek Jemioł Politechnika Radomska

Bariera Fs Kz Fb Pojazd F b = M & VA M M && + K z = K z = const = q sin( ω t) + q cos( ω t) 1 q ( ) = t = = M & ( t = ) = V q = V A 1 A K z ω = K z M

= t M K K M V z z A sin sin = 1 = t M K gdy z M M K t t M K z z = = π π

K z M M V A = M M K A V z = K F z = M M A V = M z A K V M = M z A A K V m E = = M A z V m K =

F K z M1 VA K z M M1 M MVA K z M1 M

Zakłada się, Ŝe 1. Metoda uproszczona M = R ma E A = m V A = K z1 R ma K = z 1 A R ma m V k K z 1 = w sr h sr w sr h sr -średnia szerokość deformacji - średnia wysokość deformacji

głębokość odkształcenia spręŝystego odpowiadająca prędkości b = 8km/h (,m/s). Metoda CRASH 3 Zakłada się, Ŝe Rsr M + = ) ( K V m E Rsr z A A + = = V M K A = m ) ( Rsr A z b V M K = ( ) V M K Rsr A z + = b K m z = w K B z = w szerokość odkształcenia

3. Metoda 3 3 M z A A K V m E = = 3 M A z V m K = M Rsr = ξ M Rsr + = ξ 3 z z K K = ξ

F E A K z 1 E A K z E A K z 3 Rm a Rsr + M

18 16 14 1 1 V A [m/s] 8 6 4,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 1, M [m]

8 7 6 5 m 1/ *V A 4 3 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 1, M [m]

1985-1999 1 9 8 7 6 F [N] 5 4 3 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 1, M [m]

-8 1 9 8 7 6 F [N] 5 4 3 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 1, M [m]

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( F t t t b & & & && M F b & & = M F b & & = ) ( ) ( F t F s s b F s F =

Test nr Marka Model Rok Masa pojazdu M [kg] Prędkość uderzenia VA [m/s] Prędkość odbicia VS [m/s] Maksymalne dynamiczne odkszt. M [m] Odkształcenie dynamiczne przy rozdzieleniu MS [m] Maksymalne trwałe odkształcenie Rma [m] Średnie trwałe odkształcenie Rsr [m] Pomiar odkształcenia na szerokości wo [m] 387 Honda Accord 1 1556 11,17-1,56,485,35,74 1,55 4319 Honda Accord 1 15 11,17-1,46,469,33,67 1,55 381 Honda Accord 1 1555 13,31 -,14,68,483,39,88 1,55,85,44 3787 Honda Accord 1 15 13,36-1,95,59,456,394 1,787 3457 Honda Accord 1 1589 15,47-3,3,699,554,496 1,638,14,47 3455 Honda Accord 1 1597 15,5-3,38,689,585,583,517 1,634,8,41 514 Honda Accord 4 1673 11,6-1,33,481,4,74,51 1,84,83,44 515 Honda Accord 4 186 13,36-1,34,69,545,49,368 1,353,81,39 5139 Honda Accord 4 1834 15,7-1,8,73,64,57,51 1,361,78,39 5145 Honda Accord 4 1654 15,76 -,1,79,64,69,55 1,4,74,4 571 Toyota Camry 4 166 11, -1,6,45,419,338,78 1,37,83,164 516 Toyota Camry 4 1838 13,44-1,4,61,5,47,357 1,15,75,143 5138 Toyota Camry 4 189 15,64-1,3,7,593,535,486 1,,76,15 4871 Toyota Camry 4 1699 15,78-1,3,653,565,396 1,475 4645 Toyota Corolla 3 139 1,9-1,51,494,49,415,33 1,698,74,1 4578 Toyota Corolla 3 1385 13,3-1,51,61,493,49,416 1,54,86,16 4577 Toyota Corolla 3 1378 13,39-1,69,61,59,515,41 1,55,88,11 466 Toyota Corolla 3 135 15,53 -,55,657,544,57,518 1,344,78,118 5366 Toyota Corolla 5 1364 11,9-1,8,533,485,454,356 1,53,88,16 545 Toyota Corolla 5 1365 11,9-1,1,533,593,46,345 1,53,87,131 5388 Toyota Corolla 5 1566 15,64-1,63,76,653,654,66 1,55,84,116 516 Toyota Corolla 5 1379 15,69-1,94,78,63,491 1,5 544 Toyota Corolla 5 1566 15,69-1,67,756,654,65,587 1,55,9,133 [m] S [m]

8 7 6 5 F [N] 4 3 ` 1 Rśr Rma Ms M S -1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 [m] Toyota Camry 4, Test 5138

Honda Accord 1, Test 3455

Honda Accord 4, Test 5145

Toyota Camry 4, Test 5138

Toyota Corolla 3, Test 4566

Toyota Corolla 5, Test 544

Honda Accord 1, nr 381 55 45 35 F [N] 5 Pojazd Bariera 15 5-5,,1,,3,4,5,6 [m]

Honda Accord 4, nr 515 65 55 45 F [N] 35 5 Pojazd Bariera 15 5-5,,1,,3,4,5,6 [m]

Toyota Camry, nr 516 8 7 6 5 F [N] 4 3 Pojazd Bariera 1-1,,1,,3,4,5,6 [m]

Toyota Corolla, nr 466 6 5 4 F [N] 3 Pojazd Bariera 1-1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 [m]

Nr Testu Model E K [Nm] E A pojazd [Nm] E A bariera [Nm] 571 Camry 1531 1531 1366 516 Camry 165975 165974 165581 5138 Camry 1375 1374 141 381 Accord 1 137647 137647 153654 3455 Accord 1 1964 1961 1639 514 Accord 4 141 141 191 515 Accord 4 165954 165953 17171 5139 Accord 4 631 631 3566 5145 Accord 4 373 373 88 4645 Corolla 3 79191 79191 79158 4578 Corolla 3 1599 1598 1351 466 Corolla 3 1689 1689 173653 5366 Corolla 5 83777 83777 8614 5388 Corolla 5 198 198 178 544 Corolla 5 1915 19151 143

Honda Accord 1 65 55 45 F [N] 35 5 381 3455 15 5-5,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 [m]

Honda Accord 4 75 65 55 F [N] 45 35 5 514 515 5139 5145 15 5-5,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 [m]

Toyota Camry 4 75 65 55 F [N] 45 35 571 516 5138 5 15 5-5,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 [m]

Toyota Corolla 3 55 45 35 F [N] 5 4645 4578 466 15 5-5,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 45 35 F [N] 5 15 5366 5388 516 544 5-5,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 [m]

Honda Accord 4 VA~15,7 m/s 75 65 55 45 F [N] 35 5139 5145 5 15 5-5,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 [m]

Honda Accord 4 4 35 3 5 F [N] 15 1 K 1 Tets nr 514 5,,5,1,15,,5,3 [m] s

Honda Accord 4 4 35 3 Test nr 5139 5 Test nr 515 F [N] Test nr 5145 Tets nr 514 15 1 5,,5,1,15,,5,3 [m]

Honda Accord 4 4 35 3 5 Średnia wartość K 1 F [N] 15 1 5,,5,1,15,,5,3 [m] S

Honda Accord 4 4 35 3 5 F [N] K 1 15 1 5,,5,1,15,,5,3 [m] S

Honda Accord 4 8 7 6 5 m 1/ *VA 4 3 (K 1 ) 1/ 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 S M [m]

Honda Accord 4 8 7 6 5 m 1/ *VA 4 3 1 (K 1 ) 1/ Test nr 514 Test nr 515 Test nr 5139 Test nr 5145,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 S M [m]

Honda Accord 4 8 7 6 5 Średnia wartość (K ) 1/ m 1/ *VA 4 3 1 (K 1 ) 1/ Test nr 514 Test nr 515 Test nr 5139 Test nr 5145 S,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 M [m]

Honda Accord 4 8 7 6 m 1/ *VA 5 4 (K ) 1/ 3 1 (K 1 ) 1/,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 S M [m]

Honda Accord 4, Test 5145 75 65 55 Siła na barierze 45 F [N] 35 5 Siła na pojeździe ` 15 5-5,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 [m]

s A K V M = 1 s s s A K K V M > + = ) ( 1 s A K E = 1 [ ] s s s K K E > + = ) ( 1 s K F = 1 s s s K K K F > + = ) ( 1 [ ] s s s s A K K E > + = ) ( 1

Honda Accord 1 7 6 5 4 (K ) 1/ = 778 m 1/ *V A 3 (K 1 ) 1/ = 154 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 M [m]

Honda Accord 4 7 6 (K ) 1/ = 746 5 4 m 1/ *V A 3 (K 1 ) 1/ = 1181 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 M [m]

Toyota Camry 4 7 6 5 (K ) 1/ = 875 4 m 1/ *v A 3 (K 1 ) 1/ = 11 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 M [m]

Toyota Corolla 3 7 6 5 4 (K ) 1/ = 787 m 1/ *V A 3 (K 1 ) 1/ = 135 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 M [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 7 6 5 m 1/ *V A 4 (K ) 1/ = 768 3 (K 1 ) 1/ = 977 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 M [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 7 6 5 m 1/ *V A 4 (K ) 1/ = 768 3 (K 1 ) 1/ = 977 1,,1,,3,4,5,6,7,8 M [m]

= ζ + M R ma ζ = M R ma

Honda Accord 4 zeta = 1,1848,8,7,6,5 M [m],4,3,,1,,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

,8 Honda Accord 1 zeta = 1,1587,7,6,5 M [m],4,3,,1,,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

,8 Toyota Camry 4 zeta = 1,1378,7,6,5 M [m],4,3,,1,,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

,8 Toyota Corolla 3 zeta = 1,57,7,6,5 M [m],4,3,,1,,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 zeta = 1,199,8,7,6,5 M [m],4,3,,1,,,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

Pojazd: nr testu: C M rzeczywiste [m] C M obliczone [m] Błąd [%] Honda Accord 1 387,485,4676-3,6 Honda Accord 1 4319,469,441-5,7 Honda Accord 1 381,679,5881-3,3 Honda Accord 1 3787,64,5997 -,7 Honda Accord 1 3457,699,733 4,9 Honda Accord 1 3455,6885,766 11,3 Honda Accord 4 514,487,435-16,1 Honda Accord 4 515,69,6618 5, Honda Accord 4 5139,73,754 4,3 Honda Accord 4 5145,787,841 13,1 Toyota Camry 4 571,473,466-1,6 Toyota Camry 4 516,659,618 1,1 Toyota Camry 4 5138,6849,6867,3 Toyota Corolla 3 4645,494,548, Toyota Corolla 3 4578,61,5818-3, Toyota Corolla 3 466,657,6659 1,3 Toyota Corolla 5 5366,5345,551,9 Toyota Corolla 5 5388,766,7541-1,1 Toyota Corolla 5 516,783,71 -,9 Toyota Corolla 5 544,7575,75-1,

Pojazd: nr testu: E A rzeczywista [Nm] E A obliczona [Nm] Błąd [%] Honda Accord 1 381 137647 1939-6,3 Honda Accord 1 3455 1964 669 8,4 Honda Accord 4 514 141 835-19,6 Honda Accord 4 515 165954 178877 7,8 Honda Accord 4 5139 631 465-1,6 Honda Accord 4 5145 373 58588 6,9 Toyota Camry 4 571 1531 1341,9 Toyota Camry 4 516 165975 17197 3,6 Toyota Camry 4 5138 1375 139-4, Toyota Corolla 3 4645 79191 8991 13,5 Toyota Corolla 3 4578 1599 11768-4,3 Toyota Corolla 3 466 1689 151317-7,1 Toyota Corolla 5 5366 83777 1134 19,5 Toyota Corolla 5 5388 198 1885-4,6 Toyota Corolla 5 516 169835 158877-6,5 Toyota Corolla 5 544 1915 188-5,9

Pojazd: nr testu: V A rzeczywista [m/s] V A obliczona [m/s] Błąd [%] Honda Accord 1 381 13,31 1,88-3, Honda Accord 1 3455 15,45 16,9 4,1 Honda Accord 4 514 11,6 9,9-1,3 Honda Accord 4 515 13,36 13,87 3,8 Honda Accord 4 5139 15,7 15,58 -,8 Honda Accord 4 5145 15,69 17,68 1,7 Toyota Camry 4 571 11,1 11,16 1,4 Toyota Camry 4 516 13,44 13,68 1,8 Toyota Camry 4 5138 15,64 15,31 -,1 Toyota Corolla 3 4645 1,9 11,63 6,6 Toyota Corolla 3 4578 13,31 13,1 -, Toyota Corolla 3 466 15,53 14,97-3,6 Toyota Corolla 5 5366 11,8 1,1 9,3 Toyota Corolla 5 5388 15,61 15,5 -,3 Toyota Corolla 5 516 15,69 15,18-3,3 Toyota Corolla 5 544 15,64 15,17-3,

Honda Accord 1 5 EA [Nm] 15 1 Ek EA 3 pred EA pred 3455 EA F3455 EA K1 EA śc EA poj 5,5,1,15,,5,3,35,4,45,5,55,6,65,7,75,8 M [m]

Toyota Camry 4 5 EA [Nm] 15 1 Ek EA 3 pred EA pred 5138 EA F5138 EA K1 EA śc EA poj 5,5,1,15,,5,3,35,4,45,5,55,6,65,7,75 M [m]

Toyota Corolla 3 18 16 14 EA [Nm] 1 1 8 6 Ek EA 3 pred EA pred 466 EA F5138 EA K1 EA śc EA poj 4,5,1,15,,5,3,35,4,45,5,55,6,65,7,75 M [m]

71 1537 33 819 113 43 464 1687 63 355 971 54 349 349 167 6 599 563 56 41 411 8 8 1447 143 13944 15456 16968 1848 1999 378 1341 133 18 157 18 71 68 3741 4 71 1537 54 349 349 167 6 33 819 113 563 56 133 71 43 464 1687 41 411 18 68 63 355 971 8 8 157 3741 599 1447 143 13944 15456 16968 1848 1999 378 1341 18 4.5.1.15..39.3.35.4.45.5.55.6.655

71 1537 33 819 113 43 464 1687 63 355 971 54 349 349 167 6 599 563 56 41 411 8 8 1447 143 13944 15456 16968 1848 1999 378 1341 133 18 157 18 71 68 3741 4 175 639 384 384 33.5 1139 17 69 69 77 669.1 4 747 113 694 415 773 715 449 64 585 381 31 585 381 3 89 987 858 774 4883 565.15..41 1367.3 1934.35 1434.4 15714.45 1714 18494 19884.5.55.6 616.661

56 45 383 56 45 383 156 1336 766 1343 1799 371 716 3 666 618 17 617 1 856 1788 173 14618 16533 18448 363 79 17893 15.5.1.146..5 39 383 56 389 383 156 1157 766 1343 1558 371 716 198 666 68 534 1 9366 173 1619 56.3.35.4.45.5.55.587 1619 14534 16449 18364 79 194 17831

6 75 561 37 158 648 331 331 54 54 148 149 161 913 1948 1767 14585 1643 181 4 1473 345 1166 63 31 456 7 37 331 331 345 389 1781 714 713 1651 438 3697 653 878 965 11171 1718 1464 15811 17357 1744.5.115.15..5.3.35.4.45.5.55.584

Toyota Corolla 5 1,9,8,7,6 M [m],5,4,3,,1,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 1,9,8,7,6 M [m],5,4,3,,1,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 1,9,8,7,6 M [m],5,4,3,,1,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 1,9,8,7,6 M [m],5,4,3,,1,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 1,9,8,7,6 M [m],5,4,3,,1,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 1,9,8,7,6 M [m],5,4,3,,1,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 1,9,8,7,6 M [m],5,4,3,,1,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

Toyota Corolla 5 1,9,8,7,6 M [m],5,4 b,3,,1 a,1,,3,4,5,6,7 Rma [m]

= a M s = a + b ( ) > M s s s

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