Zdr Publ 2010;120(4):426-430 Reviev Article wodanowej i lipidowej u kobiet carbohydrate disorders among hormonal and pathophysiological aspects Streszczenie - - tabolicznymi i hormonalnymi charakterystycznymi dla tego - - - substancje takie jak: leptyna, adiponektyna, rezystyna, wistafyna, omentyna, adipsyna, PAI-1, czynnik martwicy nowo- - - - w okresie perimenopauzy. Abstract Perimenopause is a transitional period lasting approxi- other words, it is transition between reproductive age and menopause. It is the period directly before menopause when - pause. Diseases which may appear during perimenopause are caused by metabolic and hormonal disturbances characteristic for this period. They are: hypertension, lipid and carbohydrate disorders, osteoporosis. The results of last studies give new insight into the role of the adipose tissue. This tissue is the highly hormonally active gland of internal secretion producing a number of biologically active peptides which can have local as well as systemic effects. Main cells adipose are adipocytes which secrete bioactive substances such as: leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, omentin, adipsin, PAI-1, TNF-alfa, angiotensinogen, interleukin 6, lipoprotein lipase. Abdominal fat and adipose tissue increase are responsible for the development of insulin resistance. There are hormonal mechanisms regulating correlations between adipose and bone tissue. Osteoblasts show expression of receptors for ghrelin, which stimulates their proliferation and differentiation. Effects of ghrelin on bones are not known yet. It was stated that nocturnal ghrelin concentration correlates with BMD (bone mineral density) among women. The article describes the hormonal and pathophysiological aspects of disorders (hypertension, lipid and carbohydrate disorders, osteoporosis), which appear among women in perimenopause. perimenopauza, zaburzenia gospodarki perimenopause, arterial hypertension, lipid and carbohydrate disorders, abdominal obesity, osteoporosis. 1 Hematology Department, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland 2 Physiology Department of Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Zdr Publ 2010;120(4) 427 w 2001 roku przez STRAW (Stages of Reproductive Aging najmniej przez 60 dni. Zwykle dotyczy to kobiet w 45 do od rasy [6,8,9]. poty nocne zaburzenia rytmu snu serca zaburzenia libido - - - natomiast wydzielanie inhibiny jajnikowej przez komórki - lutealnej. Cykl ulega skróceniu do 21-24 dni, ale nadal dzi do dalszego wzrostu poziomu FSH, co powoduje z tym brak inhibin jajnikowych po menopauzie nie jest progesteronem i w konsekwencji do przerostu endometrium. - W okresie perimenopauzy jak i samej menopauzy - [15,18,25-27]. Wieloletnia obserwacja Framingham Heart
428 Zdr Publ 2010;120(4) jak: [25,28-33] leptyna, adiponektyna, rezystyna, wisfatyna, omentyna, adipsyna, PAI-1, czynnik martwicy nowotworów insuliny, glukagonu, tyreotropiny (TSH), hormonu wzrostu, gastryny/cholecystokininy-b, peptydu glukagonopodobnego (GLP-1), receptory typu 1 i 2 dla angiotensyny II (AT 1 i hormonów tarczycy, androgenów, estrogenów, progesteronu, [23,25,29,30,34]. dowe Towarzystwo Diabetologiczne (IDF) w 2005 roku adiponektyna, hormon polipeptydowy, który w swojej budowie posiada sekwencje homologiczne do kolagenu VIII [47] i amyliny [48,49]. Insulina jest jednym z najbardziej jak i dla insulinopodobnego czynnika wzrostu 1 (IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor). przemiany androstendionu w estron. Na podstawie wielu [19,50,51] z BMD. Niedobór estrogenów nasila resorpcje utraty wapnia, co w konsekwencji prowadzi do wzglednej - - - - - 2 / rozwoju choroby niedokrwiennej serca [7,12,19,53-55]. komórkowej i przestrzeni pozakomórkowej. W komórkach i wody w kanalikach nerkowych [19,24,26,53]. U kobiet
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