Proceedings of ECOpole Vol. 2, No. 2 2008 Alicja ZAWADZKA 1 and Jerzy SKRZYPSKI 1 ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF SOME WASTE DEPOSITS LOCATED IN NEARBY OF LODZ OCENA WPŁYWU NIEKTÓRYCH SKŁADOWISK ODPADÓW Z OKOLIC ŁODZI Summary: Data on atmospheric air analysis collected in 1990 for the neighbourhood of now non-functioning municipal waste deposit located in Nowosolna nearby of Lodz were presented. This deposit was not properly operated. Similar analysis for properly operated municipal waste deposit in Dylów performed in 2004 was also described. Both deposits are located in Lodz province. Keywords: air analysis, waste deposit Waste deposits are necessary element of waste management. Even with the most precisely considered waste management systems it is the one of the most important elements. As long as economy is not able to generate products completely recyclable, waste deposits will be built and operated. New waste deposits are designed to lock wastes in such a way to protect environment. Together with introducing new regulations on waste management, communities in all country are facing the necessity of constructing safe waste deposits. As old deposits are being filled the problem of localisation of new deposits arise. In Poland 45 million cubic meters of wastes are produced every year. These wastes practitcally in total are transported to the deposits. Due to the lack of wastes segregation in majority of towns and counties on these deposits the vast volumes of mixed wastes are stores. 60 80% of these wastes are plastics (non biodegradable). Every waste deposit, especially during the operation phase, affects the environment. Such influences may result in deteriorating the quality of atmospheric air and underground waters. They may create noxious in smell and biological aerosol hazards. That is why the building and organizing the process of waste deposits operation is important element of waste management strategy [1-5]. During the research of influence of waste deposits on environment the vital role plays definition of spatial diversification of negative effects concentration for each type of hazard. Research scope and methodology In the Lodz province several waste deposits are located (Fig. 1). They have been built in different time periods. They differ in size, organization and level of equipment. Range and type of influence of various deposits on environment can be assumed as diversified. In present paper the results of atmospheric air analysis in the nearby of non-functioning municipal waste deposits in Nowosolna (near Lodz) are presented. This deposit is characterized with wrong exploitation and wrong managing of wastes. The results of air analysis in the nearby of properly designed and exploited waste deposit in Dylów (Lodz 1 Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 213, 90-924 Łódź, tel. 042 631 37 79, fax 042 636 81 33, email: zawadzka@wipos.p.lodz.pl
398 Alicja Zawadzka and Jerzy Skrzypski province) are also presented. The Nowosolna waste deposit has been built in eighties with no groundwater environment protection and with no degassing system. This waste deposit was operated without compacting. At present the Nowosolna deposit is closed and reclaimed. The Dylów waste deposit operates several years and has been designed according to technical and environmental principles. Fig. 1. Location of waste deposits in Lodz province [6] Atmospheric air pollution measurements were done according the methodology described in Polish standards. In the air sampled in chosen control points carbon oxide, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia was determined as well as microorganism and fungus contents. Gas was transported through washers with properly chosen compounds (according to standards), and analysis followed. Control and measurement points were located round the waste deposits on their border; location is presented in Figures 2 and 3.
Estimation of influence of some waste deposits located in nearby of Lodz 399 Fig. 2. Location of measurement points (Ppk 1-5) round the waste deposit in Dylów Fig. 3. Location of measurement points (Ppk 1-11) round waste deposit in Nowosolna near Lodz
400 Alicja Zawadzka and Jerzy Skrzypski Results Tables 1-4 present results of atmospheric air analysis related to quantity of hazardous substances and results of microbiological investigations. Results of atmospheric air conditions in the nearby of Nowosolna waste deposit Parameter Unit Ppk 1 Ppk 2 Ppk 3 Ppk 4 Ppk 5 Air temperature [ C] 11 11 11 11 11 Humidity [%] 41 41 41 41 41 Pressure [hpa] 998 998 998 998 998 Precipitation [mm] - - - - - Cloud cover n/10 3/10 3/10 3/10 3/10 3/10 Smell W or N N N W N W W - smellable N - not smellable Results of atmospheric air analysis in the nearby of Nowosolna waste deposit Data Unit Ppk 1 Ppk 2 Ppk 3 Ppk 4 Ppk 5 General number of bacteria [bact./m 3 ] 2150 800 2900 650 3400 Enterobacteriaceae [bact./m 3 ] 15 5 45 10 30 Actinomycetes [bact./m 3 ] 70 20 160 30 130 Pseudomonas fluorescens [bact./m 3 ] 90 30 65 15 190 Staphylococcus lysemia α [bact./m 3 ] 0 0 40 0 30 Staphylococcus lysemia β [bact./m 3 ] 0 0 20 0 30 Staphylococcus mannitolo - and + [bact./m 3 ] 0 0 0 0 0 Fungi [fung/m 3 ] 3200 2300 4300 2000 3800 Mould fungi [fung/m 3 ] 300 400 1600 500 1300 Yeast and yeast-like fungi [fung/m 3 ] 2400 1400 3300 1300 3400 Ammonia [mg/m 3 ] 0.004 < 0.001 0.019 < 0.001 0.015 Hydrogen sulfide [mg/m 3 ] 0.003 < 0.001 0.011 < 0.001 0.005 Carbon oxide [mg/m 3 ] 0.180 0.080 0.410 0.070 0.220 Results of atmospheric air conditions in the nearby of Dylów waste deposit Parameter Unit Ppk 1 Ppk 2 Ppk 10 Ppk 11 Ppk 5 Air temperature [ C] 14 14 14 14 14 Humidity [%] 38 38 38 38 38 Pressure [hpa] 999 999 999 999 999 Precipitation [mm] - - - - - Cloud cover n/10 2/10 2/10 2/10 2/10 2/10 Smell W or N W W W W W W - smellable N - not smellable Table 1 Table 2 Table 3
Estimation of influence of some waste deposits located in nearby of Lodz 401 Results of atmospheric air analysis in the nearby of Dylów waste deposit Analysis name Unit Ppk 1 Ppk 2 Ppk 10 Ppk 11 Ppk 5 General number of bacteria [bact./m 3 ] 4570 3600 5780 4260 6580 Enterobacteriaceae [bact./m 3 ] 59 40 86 49 58 Actinomycetes [bact./m 3 ] 240 150 300 159 260 Pseudomonas fluorescens [bact./m 3 ] 270 178 320 190 360 Staphylococcus lysemia α [bact./m 3 ] 3 12 40 4 30 Staphylococcus lysemia β [bact./m 3 ] 10 5 20 0 30 Staphylococcus mannitolo and + [bact./m 3 ] 4 0 15 5 0 Fungi [fung/m 3 ] 7400 5400 9600 7800 9600 Mould fungi [fung/m 3 ] 2580 2780 3100 1950 3400 Yeast and yeast-like fungi [fung/m 3 ] 4700 3600 6200 5400 6100 Ammonia [mg/m 3 ] 0.037 0.042 0.031 0.038 0.045 Hydrogen sulfide [mg/m 3 ] 0.025 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.021 Carbon oxide [mg/m 3 ] 0.420 0.350 0.620 0.540 0.360 Conclusions Table 4 Atmospheric air analysis data shown above leads to following conclusions: 1. Air in the nearby of investigated wastes deposits presents significant differences in pollution quantity. 2. In the areas adjacent to the municipal wastes deposit in Nowosolna states of air pollution causing the exceeding of the standards for bacteria and rest of pollutants are met. 3. In the areas adjacent to the municipal wastes deposit in Dylów states of air pollution causing the exceeding of the standards for bacteria and rest of pollutants are not met. 4. Method of municipal wastes deposit has a significant impact on the atmospheric air state in the deposit nearby. References [1] Zygadło M.: Strategia gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi. ZIiTS, Poznań 2001. [2] Skrzypski J. and Wielgosiński G.: Priorytetowe kierunki programowania gospodarki odpadami niebezpiecznymi w Polsce. [In:] Szymański K. (Ed.) Gospodarka odpadami komunalnymi. Komitet Chemii Analitycznej PAN, Koszalin 2007. [3] Vogt W. G. and Conrad E.T.: VOC emission rates from solid waste landfills. Proc. of Conf. Waste Tech. 87, San Francisco 1987, 154-156. [4] Lemański J.: Zasady uszczelniania wysypisk, ujmowanie gazu i odcieków. [In:] Gospodarka odpadami na wysypiskach, Kempa E.S. (Ed.), Arka Konsorcjum, Poznań 1993. [5] Tałaj I.A.: Związki azotowe w wodach podziemnych w pobliŝu składowisk odpadów. [In:] K. Szymański (Ed.), Gospodarka odpadami komunalnymi. Komitet Chemii Analitycznej PAN, Koszalin 2007. [6] Raport o stanie środowiska województwa łódzkiego w 1995 roku. Wyd. PIOŚ, Łódź 1996. [7] "Badeko" S.A. Zakład InŜynierii Środowiska.: Badania fizyko-chemiczne powietrza i gleby w bezpośrednim otoczeniu wysypiska odpadów w Nowosolnej. Łódź 1995. [8] Ocena oddziaływania na środowisko dla oczyszczalni w Parzęczewie. Ekokompleks Rzgów 1996. [9] Ocena oddziaływania na środowisko dla oczyszczalni w Ozorkowie. Ekokompleks Rzgów 1996. [10] Wyniki badań powietrza wokół składowisk odpadów. Wydział InŜynierii Procesowej i Ochrony Środowiska, Politechnika Łódzka, Łódź 2006.
402 Alicja Zawadzka and Jerzy Skrzypski OCENA WPŁYWU NIEKTÓRYCH SKŁADOWISK ODPADÓW Z OKOLIC ŁODZI Streszczenie: Przedstawiono dane analizy powietrza atmosferycznego pobranego w 1990 roku w pobliŝu nieczynnego obecnie składowiska odpadów komunalnych w Nowosolnej koło Łodzi. Składowisko to nie było poprawnie eksploatowane. Podobną analizę przeprowadzono dla poprawnie eksploatowanego składowiska odpadów komunalnych w Dylowie koło Łodzi. Słowa kluczowe: analiza powietrza, składowisko odpadów