PROTEIN CONTENT IN MIXTURES OF BLUE LUPINE WITH OAT GROWN FOR GREEN FORAGE. Anna Płaza, Barbara Gąsiorowska, Artur Makarewicz

ISSN 1644-0625 ISSN 2300-8504 (online) www.agricultura.acta.utp.edu.pl Acta Sci. Pol. Agricultura, 14(1) 2015, 63-73 PROTEIN CONTENT IN MIXTURES OF BLUE LUPINE WITH OAT GROWN FOR GREEN FORAGE Anna Płaza, Barbara Gąsiorowska, Artur Makarewicz Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities 1 Abstract. Legume-cereal mixtures are a valuable source of protein for animals. Mixtures of lupine with oat are recommended for cultivation in weaker soils. This paper presents the result of the study from 2009-2011 aimed to estimate the effect of composition and harvest time of mixtures of blue lupine with oat on the content and yield of total protein in green matter. Two factors were studied in the experiment: I) mixture composition: blue lupine pure sowing, oat pure sowing, blue lupine 75% + oat 25%, blue lupine 50% + oat 50%, blue lupine 25% + oat 75%, II) harvest time: flowering phase of blue lupine, the flat green pod phase of blue lupine. During harvest of mixtures, mean samples of fresh matter were collected from each plot, in order to perform chemical analyses. The content of dry matter and total protein in the collected plant material was determined and the total protein yield was calculated. The obtained results of the study allow us to state that the dry matter yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat harvested in the phase of flat green pod was significantly higher than the dry matter yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat harvested in the flowering phase of blue lupine. Mixtures harvested in the flowering phase of blue lupine contained more total protein than mixtures harvested in the phase of flat green pod of blue lupine. Green forage from blue lupine harvested in the flowering phase was characterized by the highest content of total protein. Total protein yield from mixtures of blue lupine with oat obtained in the flat green pod phase of blue lupine was significantly higher than the total protein yield obtained from mixtures harvested in the flowering phase of blue lupine. The highest total protein yield was provided by a mixture of blue lupine with oat with 50% of both components harvested in the phase of flat green pod of blue lupine. Mixture of blue lupine with oat with 50% of both components harvested in the flat green pod phase of blue lupine provided the highest dry matter yield with the highest amount of total protein. Key words: composition of mixtures, flat green pod phase, flowering phase of blue lupine, harvest time, total protein content, yield Corresponding author: prof. dr hab. inż. Anna Płaza, Department of Agronomy of Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, e-mail: plaza@uph.edu.pl Copyright by Wydawnictwa Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Technologiczno-Przyrodniczego w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz 2015

64 A. Płaza, B. Gąsiorowska, A. Makarewicz INTRODUCTION Legume-cereal mixtures are a valuable source of protein for animals [Borowiecki and Księżak 1998, Carr et al. 2004, Gałęzewski 2010]. Obtaining a high yield of mixtures with a high content of total protein is determined by the appropriate choice of plant species, suitable proportion of components as well as seizing the optimal harvest time [Ceglarek et al. 2004]. From the group of leguminous plants, blue lupine is a valuable species intended for cultivation in light soils. It stands out from lupine species with a high yielding potential and resistance to antracnosis a dangerous lupine disease [Kotecki et al. 1997, Faligowska and Szukała 2009]. Among the cultivars of blue lupine, the cultivar Zeus is recommended to grow for green forage. This is a not self-completing, low-alcaloid cultivar [Podleśny et al. 2010]. From the group of cereal crops, oat is a valuable component for mixtures. Among the registered oat cultivars, the cultivar Zuch is recommended for growing for green forage. This is the cultivar reaching a height of 100 cm, resistant for lodging [Wasilewski 2006]. The fundamental problem in legume-cereal mixture cultivation is a low competitive ability of the legume towards the dominant cereal plant. An increase of proportion of the legume in the crop will result in an increase in the total protein content and yield of mixtures [Kotecki et al. 1997, Podleśny et al. 2010]. Seizing the optimal harvest time is also of some importance. Delaying harvest from the ear formation phase until the ful maturity of cereals dojrzałości causes a reduction in total protein content in plants [Ceglarek et al. 1994b]. In the research hypothesis it was assumed that the used composition and harvest time of mixtures of blue lupine with oat will allow us to determine differences in the total protein content and yield as well to choose such combinations which will be characterized by the highest total protein content and yield. The aim of the conducted study was to estimate the composition and harvest time of mixtures of blue lupine with oat on the content and yield of total protein in the green matter. MATERIAL AND METHODS The field experiment was carried out over 2009-2011 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Zawady owned by the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. The study was conducted in the soil of Alfisol type, with neutral reaction, moderate abundance in available phosphorus, potasium and magnesium. The content of humus was 1.39%. The strict experiment was established in the split-block design with three replications. The plot size of the established experiment amounted to 20 m 2 (5 4 m), and for harvest 16 m 2 (4 4 m). Two factors were studied: I composition of the mixtures: blue lupine pure sowing, oat pure sowing, blue lupine 75% + oat 25%, blue lupine 50% + oat 50% and blue lupine 25% + oat 75%, II the harvest time: the flowering phase of blue lupine, the flat green pod of blue lupine. Detailed list of mixtures and their sowing rates was as follows: blue lupine 200 kg ha -1, oat 180 kg ha -1, blue lupine 150 kg ha -1 + oat 45 kg ha -1, blue lupine 100 kg ha -1 + oat 90 kg ha -1, blue lupine 50 kg ha -1 + oat 135 kg ha -1. In all the years of the study, winter triticale was the previous crop for the mixtures. In autumn, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were appliec at rates of pure component Acta Sci. Pol.

Protein content... 65 depending on the soil chemical composition, i.e. 35.2 kg ha -1 P and 99.6 kg ha -1 K. In spring, nitrogen fertilization was applied at a rate of 30 kg ha -1 N on all the treatments prior to seed sowing, except for blue lupine in pure sowing. In the strzelania w źdźbło phase, additionally 50 kg ha -1 N was applied under oat and 30 kg ha -1 N under mixtures of blue lupine with oat. The seeds of blue lupine (the cultivar Zeus) and oat (the cultivar Zuch) were sown in the first ten days of April according to the first experimental factor. Harvest of plants was performed according to the second experimental factor, i.e. between the 21 st and 30 th June (the flowering phase of blue lupine) and between the 1 st and 10 th of July (the flat green pod phase of blue lupine). During the harvest of mixtures, the fresh matter yield was determined in each plot and its mean samples were collected in order to make chemical analyses. Dry matter content was determined in the sampled plant material with the dry weight method and the total protein content with the Kjeldahl method. The dry matter yield was calculated by multiplying the fresh matter yield by the dry matter content and the total protein yield, by multiplying the dry matter yield by the total protein content. Each of the studied traits was subjected to the analysis of variance according to the scheme of the split-block design. In the case of significant sources of variability, a detailed comparision of means was performed using Tukey s test, and LSD was calculated at P = 0.05. Statistical calculations were made using the program own algorithms written in Exel 7.0. The years of the study were characterized by a considerable differentiation of the weather conditions (Table 1). Table 1. Thermal and rainfall conditions in the growth period of mixtures of blue lupine with oat in 2009-2011 according to the Meteorological Station at RSD Zawady Tabela 1. Warunki termiczno-opadowe w okresie wegetacji mieszanek łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem w latach 2009-2011 wg Stacji Meteorologicznej w RSD Zawady Year Rok Month Miesiąc April kwiecień May maj June czerwiec July lipiec Mean Średnia Temperature Temperatura, o C 2009 10.3 12.9 15.7 19.4 14.6 2010 8.9 14.0 17.4 21.6 15.5 2011 10.1 13.4 18.1 18.3 15.0 1990-2008 8.6 13.8 17.6 19.8 15.0 Precipitation Opady, mm Sum Suma 2009 8.1 68.9 145.2 26.4 248.6 2010 10.7 93.2 62.6 77.0 243.5 2011 31.0 36.1 39.1 120.2 226.4 1990-2008 28.5 57.9 45.0 55.4 186.8 In the growth period in 2009 the mean monthly temperature in April was higher than the long-term mean, and in May and June it was lower than that. Substantial rainfall deficit was recorded in April, whereas excessive precipitation occurred in May and June. In 2010, mean air temperatures during the growth period oscillated around the mean temperatures from the long-term period. Precipitation totals, except for April, were higher than the mean precipitation totals from the long-term period. That year should be regarded as favourable for cultivation of mixtures of blue lupine with oat. In 2011 mean monthly air temperatures slightly differed from the mean temperatures from Agricultura 14(1) 2015

66 A. Płaza, B. Gąsiorowska, A. Makarewicz the long-term period. Precipitation totals, however, were lower than the mean totals from the long-term period, except for July where the total precipitation of 120.2 mm was recorded. Therefore that year was unfavourable for growing mixtures of blue lupine with oat. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the weather conditions, experimental factors and their interactions on the dry matter yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat. In the years 2009 and 2010 a highe dry matter yield was obtained than in the unfavourable, dry year 2011 (Table 2). Table 2. Dry matter yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat depending on their composition in the years of study 2009-2011, Tabela 2. Plon suchej masy mieszanek łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem w zależności od ich składu w latach badań 2009-2011, Mg ha -1 Mixture composition Skład mieszanek (I) 2009 2010 2011 Mean Średnia 8.97 9.05 6.41 8.14 14.13 14.14 8.82 12.36 11.14 11.33 7.93 10.13 15.25 15.53 9.28 13.36 14.30 14.50 9.13 12.64 Mean Średnia 12.76 12.91 8.31 years lata 0.31 mixture composition skład mieszanek 0.58 interaction: I years interakcja: I lata 0.69 Also the experiments by Buraczyńska et al. [2004], Ceglarek et al. [1994b] and Kotecki et al. [1997] indicated that the moisture and thermal conditions during the growth period significantly modified the mixture yields. In the present study, similar to the experiments by many authors [Borowiecki and Księżak 2001, Ceglarek et al. 1997, 2004, Karadag and Bűyűkbure 2003, Lithourgidis et al. 2006], yields of legume-cereal mixtures were varied and also dependent on the species composition and the component proportions. In the experiment under discussion, all the mixtures gave higher yields than blue lupine in pure sowing. Among them, the highest dry matter yield was obtained from the mixture of blue lupine with oat with the component proportions of 50 + 50%, and a significantly loer yield was obtained from the mixture with 75% of lupine and 25% of oat. According to Wasilewski [2006], legume-cereal mixtures gave more reliable yields than their components grown in pure sowing, because they make better use of changing habitat conditions. In the experiment in question, it was indicated that oat grown in pure sowing gave yields on a similar level to the mixture of blue lupine Acta Sci. Pol.

Protein content... 67 with oat with the proportions of components 25 + 75%. An interaction of the years with mixture composition was indicated, from which it follows that the highest dry matter yield was obtained in the years 2009-2010 from the mixtures of blue lupine with oat with the component proportions of 50 + 50%. In 2011, the productivity of mixtures with 50 and 25% of lupine was on the level of oat (no significant differences). Whereas the lowest dry matter yield was obtained in 2011 from blue lupine grown in pure sowing. The dry matter yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat harveste in the flat green pod phase was significantly higher than the dry matter yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat harvested in the flowering phase of blue lupine (Table 3). The study by Ceglarek et al. [1994a] showed that the plant harvest in the milk-dough phase of triticale turned out to be the most favourable. Harvest in the earlier and later time resulted in a decrease in yield. The present study indicated an interaction from which it follows that in the flowering phase of blue lupine the yields of mixtures with 50 and 25% of this plant were similar to those of oat and were significantly lower than those of mixtures with 75% of lupine and of lupine in pure sowing. The mixtures harvested in the flowering phase gave significantly lower yields than the mixtures harvested in the flat green pod phase. In the flat green pod phase, najkorzystniejszą okazała się mieszanka złożona z 50% udziałem obu roślin appeared to be the most favourable. The mixture with 25% of lupine gave slightly (significantly) lower yields, and the worst effect was obtained from blue lupine grown in pure sowing. The mixtures harvested in the flowering phase gave significantly lower yields than the mixtures harvested in the flat green pod phase of blue lupine. Table 3. Dry matter yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat depending on their composition and harvest time (means from 2009-2011), Mg. ha -1 Tabela 3. Plon suchej masy mieszanek łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem w zależności od ich składu i terminu zbioru (średnie z lat 2009-2011), Mg. ha -1 Mixture composition Skład mieszanek (I) flowering phase of blue lupine faza kwitnienia łubinu wąskolistnego Harvest time Termin zbioru (II) flat green pod phase of blue lupine faza płaskiego zielonego strąka łubinu wąskolistnego 4.29 11.99 7.42 17.31 5.65 14.61 7.82 18.89 7.45 17.83 Mean Średnia 6.53 16,13 harvest time termin zbioru 0.23 interaction interakcja: I II 0.61 The total protein content in mixtures of blue lupine with oat was significantly differentiated by the conditions of growth season, studied experimental factors and their interactions. Agricultura 14(1) 2015

68 A. Płaza, B. Gąsiorowska, A. Makarewicz The highest content of total protein was recorded in mixtures harvested in the dry year 2011, significantly lower in 2010 and the lowest in 2009 (Table 4). In the experiments by Borowiecki and Księżak [2000], Buraczyńska et al. [2004] and Ceglarek et al. [1997], the rainfall deficit and higher air temperatures resulted in an increase in the total protein content, and the excess of rainfall and lower air temperature caused its decrease. In the experiment under discussion, the composition of mixtures also significantly modified total protein content in the green forage from blue lupine with oat. The highest total protein content was found in blue lupine, and significantly lower in oat and in the mixture of blue lupine with oat with the component proportions of 25 + 75%. The mixture with 75% of blue lupine and 25% of oat was characterized by the highest content of total protein among the mixtures. The total protein content in the mixture with 50% of blue lupine and oat was significantly lower. According to Borowiecki and Księżak [2000], Buraczyńska et al. [2004] and Ceglarek et al. [1994a], an increase in cereal proportion in mixtures resulted in a reduction in the total protein content. This relationship results from the fact that an increase in proportion of the cereal component at sowing in mixture with legumes increases the proportion of the cereal crop in the mixture dry matter and this causes a decrease in the total protein content. The present study indicated interaction of the years with the mixture composition, from which it follows that the highest content of total protein was determined in the green forage from blue lupine in 2011 and 2010. Among mixtures, in all the years of the study, the highest content of total protein was obtained from the mixtures with 75% of blue lupine and 25% of oat and from the mixture with 50% of both components. The lowest concentration of total protein was found in oat and the mixture of blue lupine with oat with the component proportions of 25 + 75% in 2009. Table 4. Total protein content in mixtures of blue lupine with oat depending on their composition in the years of study 2009-2011, g kg -1 d.m. Tabela 4. Zawartość białka ogólnego w mieszankach łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem w zależności od ich składu w latach badań 2009-2011, g kg -1 s.m. Mixture composition Skład mieszanek (I) 2009 2010 2011 Mean Średnia 142 153 156 150 112 123 126 120 129 139 143 137 125 135 139 133 114 125 128 123 Means Średnie 124 135 138 years lata 2 mixture composition skład mieszanek 3 interaction: I years interakcja: I lata 5 The harvest time significantly modified the content of total protein in mixtures of blue lupine with oat (Table 5). Mixtures harvested in the flowering phase of blue lupine Acta Sci. Pol.

Protein content... 69 contained more total protein than mixtures harvested in the flat green pod phase of blue lupine. Ceglarek et al. [1994b] indicated that by delaying the harvest of mixtures from the ear formation phase until the milk-dough phase of cereals, the content of total protein in plants decreases. In the experiment under discussion in both times of determinations the highest total protein concentration was obtained from blue lupine. The content of total protein in its mixtures with oat was significantly lower. An increase in oat proportion in the mixture resulted in a significant decrease in total protein content. Its lowest concentration was recorded in oat and in the mixture of blue lupine with oat with the component percentage of 25 +75%. This is similar to the results of the study by Wasilewski [2006]. Table 5. Total protein content in mixtures of blue lupine with oat depending on their composition and harvest time (means from 2009-2011), g kg -1 d.m. Tabela 5. Zawartość białka ogólnego w mieszankach łubinu wąskolistnego owsem w zależności od ich składu i terminu zbioru (średnie z lat 2009-2011), g kg -1 s.m. Mixture composition Skład mieszanek (I) flowering phase of blue lupine faza kwitnienia łubinu wąskolistnego Harvest time Termin zbioru (II) flat green pod phase of blue lupine faza płaskiego zielonego strąka łubinu wąskolistnego 153 147 125 115 141 133 137 129 127 119 Mean Średnia 137 129 Harvest time termin zbioru 2 Interaction interakcja: I II 4 The total protein yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat was significantly differentiated by the conditions of growth season, studied experimental factors and their interactions. The highest total protein yield was obtained from mixtures of blue lupine with oat cultivated in 2010, significantly lower in 2009 and the lowest in 2011 (Table 6). Many authors [Borowiecki et al. 1998, Borowiecki and Księżak 1998, Buraczyńska and Ceglarek 2009, Gałęzewski 2010, Kotecki et al. 1997] indicated that the yield of legume-cereal mixtures depends on the weather conditions. In the present study the mixture composition also significantly modified the total protein yield. The highest total protein yield was obtained from the mixture of blue lupine with oat with 50% of both components. A significantly lower yield of total protein was obtained from the other mixtures and their components grown in pure sowing. Differences in the total protein yield result from the amount of obtaine biomass yield and the content of total protein in it. Also the results of the study by Ceglarek et al. [1994a, 1997] show that the addition Agricultura 14(1) 2015

70 A. Płaza, B. Gąsiorowska, A. Makarewicz of a legume to a cereal increases the totel protein yield. Other authors [Borowiecki andksiężak 1998, Borowiecki and Księżak 2001, Buraczyńska and Ceglarek 2009, Chen et al. 2004] came to similar conclusions. A cereal species constitutes a component stabilizing the mixture yield, and a legume species affects the qualitative values of the obtained fodder. In the present study, an interaction of the years with the mixture composition was indicated, from which it follows that the highest yield of total protein was obtained in 2010 from the mixture of blue lupine with oat with 50% of both components. In 2009 and 2010 a significantly lower yield of total protein was obtained from oat cultivated in pure sowing and and from a mixture of blue lupine with oat with the component proportion of 25 + 75%. In 2011 a significantly lower yield of total protein was obtained from oat cultivated in pure sowing and from mixtures of blue lupine with oat with the component proportion of 75 + 25% and 25 + 75%. The least total protein yield in turn was obtained in 2011 from blue lupine grown in pure sowing. Table 6. Total protein yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat depending on their composition in the years of study 2009-2011, kg ha -1 Tabela 6. Plon białka ogólnego mieszanek łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem w zależności od ich składu w latach badań 2009-2011, kg ha -1 Mixture composition Skład mieszanek (I) 2009 2010 2011 Mean Średnia 1279 1472 963 1238 1579 1754 1066 1466 1433 1603 1091 1376 1897 2131 1239 1756 1633 1843 1125 1534 Mean Średnia 1564 1761 1097 years lata 58 mixture composition skład mieszanek 77 interaction: I years interakcja: I lata 86 Total protein yield from mixtures of blue lupine with oat obtained in the flat green pod phase of blue lupine was significantly higher (on average by 1205 kg ha -1 ) than the total protein yield obtained from mixtures harvested in the flowering phase of blue lupine (Table 7). Also in the study by Ceglarek at al. [1994a], the highest total protein yield was obtained by harvesting plants in the milk-dough phase of triticale. In this period the legume was in the flat green pod phase. Interaction of the studied factors was indicated in the conducted experiment. From that, it follows that the highest total protein yield was obtained from a mixture of blue lupine with oat with a 50% proportions of both components, harvested in the flat green pod phase of blue lupine. In contrast, the least yield of total protein was obtained from blue lupine harvested in the flowering phase. In both studied periods the productivity of this component obtained from the mixture composed of 75% of blue lupine and 25% of oat was similar to the yield obtained in the pure sowing of this cereal. Acta Sci. Pol.

Protein content... 71 Table 7. Total protein yield of mixtures of blue lupine with oat depending on their compositions and harvest time (means from 2009-2010), kg ha -1 Tabela 7. Plon białka ogólnego mieszanek łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem w zależności od ich składu i terminu zbioru (średnie z lat 2009-2011), kg ha -1 Mixture composition Skład mieszanek (I) flowering phase of blue lupine faza kwitnienia łubinu wąskolistnego Harvest time Termin zbioru (II) flat green pod phase of blue lupine faza płaskiego zielonego strąka łubinu wąskolistnego 656 1819 916 2017 792 1959 1058 2453 933 2133 Mean Średnia 871 2076 harvest time termin zbioru 49 interaction interakcja: I II 98 CONCLUSIONS 1. The highest yield of dry matter and total protein was obtained from the mixture of blue lupine with oat with 50% of both components, harvested in the flat green pod phase of blue lupine. 2. Fresh forage of blue lupine harvested in the flowering phase was characterized by the highest content of total protein. Mixtures of blue lupine with oat harvested both in the flowering phase and in the flat green pod phase of blue lupine contained less total protein than green forage from blue lupine alone. REFERENCES Borowiecki, J., Księżak, J. (1998). Ocena wartości pokarmowej mieszanek strączkowo-zbożowych jako surowca do produkcji kiszonek. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol., 462, 41-48. Borowiecki, J., Księżak, J., Małysiak, B. (1998). Przydatność wybranych odmian grochu do mieszanek z jęczmieniem i owsem przeznaczonych na kiszonkę. Pam Puł., 113, 5-13. Borowiecki, J., Księżak, J. (2000). Rośliny strączkowe w mieszankach ze zbożami w produkcji pasz. Post. Nauk Rol., 2, 89-100. Borowiecki, J., Księżak, J. (2001). Mieszanki grochu ze zbożami w produkcji pasz objętościowych rolnictwa zrównoważonego. Zesz. Nauk. AR Kraków, Rolnictwo, 373, 35-40. Buraczyńska, D., Ceglarek, F., Płaza, A. (2004). Wpływ składu gatunkowo-ilościowego mieszanek strączkowo-zbożowych na wydajność biomasy i jej jakość paszową. Pam Puł., 137, 17-32. Buraczyńska, D., Ceglarek, F. (2009). Plon i skład chemiczny nasion mieszanek strączkowo- -zbożowych. Frag. Agron., 26(3), 15-24. Agricultura 14(1) 2015

72 A. Płaza, B. Gąsiorowska, A. Makarewicz Carr, P.M., Horsley, R.D., Poland, W.W. (2004). Barley, oat and cereal-pea mixtures as dryland forages in the Northern Great Plains. Agron. J., 96, 677-684. Chen, A., Westcott, M., Neill, K., Wichman, D., Knox, M. (2004). Row configuration and nitrogen application for barley-pea intercroping in Montana. Agron. J., 96, 1730-1738. Ceglarek, F., Buraczyńska, D., Płaza, A. (1994a). Plonowanie i wartość paszowa mieszanek strączkowo-zbożowych. Mat. konf. nauk. Stan i perspektywy uprawy mieszanek strączkowo- -zbożowych, AR Poznań, 157-161. Ceglarek, F., Buraczyńska, D., Płaza, A., Bruszewska, H. (1994b). Plonowanie roślin strączkowych w mieszankach z pszenżytem jarym w zależności od ich składu i terminu zbioru. Mat. konf. nauk. Stan i perspektywy uprawy mieszanek strączkowo-zbożowych, AR Poznań, 152-156. Ceglarek, F., Pala, J., Brodowski, H., Buraczyńska, D. (1997). Plonowanie i wartość paszowa mieszanek pszenżyta jarego z łubinem żółtym. Zesz. Nauk. AR Szczecin, Rolnictwo, 65, 61-65. Ceglarek, F., Buraczyńska, D., Płaza, A., Rudziński, R. (2004). Wpływ udziału komponentów mieszanek bobiku z pszenicą jarą na plon i zawartość związków chemicznych w biomasie mieszanki. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sect. E, Agricultura, 59(3), 1139-1146. Faligowska, A., Szukała, J. (2009). Wpływ terminu zbioru na skład chemiczny i plon zielonki z łubinu białego, żółtego i wąskolistnego. Frag. Agron., 26(2), 26-32. Gałęzewski, L. (2010). Competition between oat and yellow lupine plants in mixtures of these species. Part I. Intensity of competion depending on soil moisture. Acta Sci. Pol. Agricultura, 9(3), 37-44, www.agricultura.acta.utp.edu.pl Karadag, Y., Bűyűkburc, U. (2003). Effects of seed rates on forage production, seed yield and hay quality of annual legume-barley mixtures. Turk. J. Agric. For., 27, 169-174. Kotecki, A., Grzątkowska, A., Steihoff-Wrześniewska, A. (1997). Ocena przydatności odmian łubinu wąskolistnego do uprawy w mieszankach ze zbożami. Mat. konf. nauk. Łubin we współczesnym rolnictwie. Łubin Białko Ekologia, ART Olsztyn, 261-271. Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B., Dhima, K.V., Dordas, C.A., Yiakoulaki, M.D. (2006). Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Res., 99, 106-113. Podleśny, J., Strobel, W., Podleśna, A., Kotlarz, A. (2010). Wpływ terminu zbioru na plonowanie i skład chemiczny nasion zróżnicowanych odmian łubinu wąskolistnego. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol., 550, 121-129. Wasilewski, P. (2006). Żyto jare jako komponent mieszanek zbożowych i zbożowostrączkowych. Mat. konf. nauk. Znaczenie gospodarcze i biologia plonowania upraw mieszanych, AR Poznań, 105-106. ZAWARTOŚĆ BIAŁKA W MIESZANKACH ŁUBINU WĄSKOLISTNEGO Z OWSEM UPRAWIANYCH NA ZIELONĄ MASĘ Streszczenie. Mieszanki strączkowo-zbożowe są cennym źródłem białka dla zwierząt. Do uprawy na glebach słabszych zaleca się mieszanki łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań z lat 2009-2011 mające na celu określenie wpływu składu i terminu zbioru mieszanek łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem na zawartość i plon białka ogólnego w zielonej masie. W doświadczeniu badano dwa czynniki: I) skład mieszanek: łubin wąskolistny siew czysty, owies siew czysty, łubin wąskolistny 75% + owies 25%, łubin wąskolistny 50% + owies 50%, łubin wąskolistny 25% + owies 75%, II) termin zbioru: faza kwitnienia łubinu wąskolistnego, faza płaskiego zielonego strąka łubinu wąskolistnego. Podczas zbioru mieszanek z każdego poletka pobrano średnie próby świeżej masy w celu wykonania analiz chemicznych. W pobranym materiale roślinnym oznaczono zawartość suchej masy, białka ogólnego oraz obliczono plon białka ogólnego. Otrzymane wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, że plon suchej masy mieszanek Acta Sci. Pol.

Protein content... 73 łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem zbieranych w fazie płaskiego zielonego strąka był istotnie większy od plonu suchej masy mieszanek łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem zebranych w fazie kwitnienia łubinu wąskolistnego. Mieszanki zebrane w fazie kwitnienia łubinu wąskolistnego zawierały więcej białka ogólnego niż mieszanki zebrane w fazie płaskiego zielonego strąka łubinu wąskolistnego. Zielonka z łubinu wąskolistnego zebrana w fazie kwitnienia charakteryzowała się najwyższą zawartością białka ogólnego. Plon białka ogólnego z mieszanek łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem otrzymany w fazie płaskiego zielonego strąka łubinu wąskolistnego był istotnie większy od plonu białka ogólnego otrzymanego z mieszanek zebranych w fazie kwitnienia łubinu wąskolistnego. Największy plon białka ogólnego zapewniła mieszanka łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem o 50% udziale obu komponentów zebrana w fazie płaskiego zielonego strąka łubinu wąskolistnego. Mieszanka łubinu wąskolistnego z owsem o 50% udziale obu komponentów zebrana w fazie płaskiego zielonego strąka łubinu wąskolistnego zapewniła największy plon suchej masy o największej ilości białka ogólnego. Słowa kluczowe: faza kwitnienia łubinu wąskolistnego, faza płaskiego zielonego strąka, plon, skład mieszanek, termin zbioru, zawartość białka ogólnego Accepted for print Zaakceptowano do druku: 20.01.2015 For citation Do cytowania: Płaza, A., Gąsiorowska, B., Makarewicz, A. (2015). Protein content in mixtures of blue lupine with oat grown for green forage. Acta Sci. Pol. Agricultura, 14(1), 63-73. Agricultura 14(1) 2015