Biuletyn Sekcji Dipterologicznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Entomologicznego DIPTERON Bulletin of the Dipterological Section of the Polish Entomological Society ISSN 1895 4464 Tom 32: 50-59 Akceptacja: 01.08.2016 Wrocław 31 XII 2016 The faunistic study on robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of Toruń Badania faunistyczne nad łowikowatymi (Diptera: Asilidae) Torunia MACIEJ KRZYŻYŃSKI * & KRZYSZTOF SZPILA Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland E-mail: MK: m_krzy@doktorant.umk.pl; KS: szpila@umk.pl * Corresponding author ABSTRACT. 33 species of Asilidae were found during faunistic studies in Toruń. The first record of Choerades femorata (MEIGEN, 1804) from Poland is given. Antipalus sinuatus (LOEW, 1854) from the Polish Red Data Book of Animals was found in Toruń and it is the 8 th in total and third current locality of this species in the country. High number of specimens of Holopogon priscus (MEIGEN, 1820) was observed on both sides of Vistula river sites. KEY WORDS: Diptera, Asilidae, faunistic, Toruń, Poland INTRODUCTION The world fauna of Asilidae (Diptera: Brachycera) is represented by over 7000 species (GELLER-GRIMM 2005) located in 528 genera (GELLER-GRIMM 2004). European fauna of robber flies consists of 584 species (GELLER-GRIMM 2013), and in Poland, 91 species are known up to present (TROJAN 2007). Both adult robber flies and their larvae are predators (MUSSO 1983). These flies favour open, sunny spaces, however some species are adapted to living in woody areas, it is known that more species live in the open areas (ground, grasslands etc.) than the woodlands (LONDT 1994). There are not many research papers about Asilidae in Poland. Our knowledge on the distribution of robber flies in Poland is based on several current works, former research papers and the unpublished data from a few collections. The one region that has been investigated reasonably well is Łódź Hill Landscape Park (assumed by SOSZYŃSKI et AL. 2010). Single faunistic studies were conducted also in few other locations like Mazovia (TROJAN 1981), Kampinos Forest (KACZMARZYK 1962), Pieprzowe Mts. (NOSKIEWICZ 1953) and the regions of Kraków and Przemyśl (BOBEK 1893, 1894). Besides, TROJAN (1961) conducted the study on Asilidae of xerothermic fields and KACZOROWSKA (2008) was studying the occurrence of robber flies on sandy and marshy 50
habitats on the Polish Baltic coast. The authors will is to publish the results of their own faunistic studies on this Diptera family. This work is also the part of studies on Diptera of psammophilic grasslands of Poland. The dipterous fauna of these habitats is one of the least investigated in Poland (PALACZYK et AL. 2002). MATERIALS AND METHODS The faunistic study was conducted during 2011 and 2012. Material was collected by using an aerial and sweep net. Four locations with possibly full spectrum of Asilidae species were chosen for conducting the study (FIG. 1). FIG. 1. Localization of sampling sites in Toruń and surroundings. 1 Toruń Airfield, 2 Żymierski Hill, 3 Glinki, 4 Piwnicki Forest, 5 Kępa Bazarowa, 6 Stawki, 7 Wrzosy, 8 Bielany, 9 Old Town, 10 Rubinkowo, 11 Cierpiszewo Forest Inspectorate, Zielonka Forestry The specimens were obtained on both xerothermic swards overgrowing the airport field and surrounding them dry, anthropogenic pine woods with psammophilic fields. Because of its location and vegetating plants, this location is a suitable habitat for thermophilic insects (SZPILA 2009). Artillery training area Military area located in one of the largest inland dune territory in Poland. The study was conducted in two localities: surroundings of Żymierski Hill and Glinki. Żymierski Hill is localized at the north-west end of the artillery training area and is overgrown mostly by dry 51
moors and swards growing on the dunes as well as pine forest. As for Glinki, it is an area adjacent to artillery training area on the north end. This location is covered with xerothermic swards with ruderal plants. Piwnicki Forest The Nature Reserve located on the northern side of Toruń Basin in a deciduous forest of the oak-linden-hornbeam type with surrounding of a pine forest. Kępa Bazarowa The river island located in the city centre. Because of a poplar-willow riparian forest, a Nature Reserve is localized in this area. Robber flies were obtained both from humid forest s plants and from sandy river shores. Regardless of these locations, specimens of Asilidae found in Toruń during the time of study were collected. The collection of Chair of Ecology and Biogeography of NCU (former Department of Animal Ecology) contains specimens collected during faunistic studies on other groups of Diptera in Toruń and the borderland. Asilidae specimens from Chair s collection were also collected in Stawki and Wrzosy. Stawki is a location on north-east end of the artillery training area, covered with loose sands and psammophilic fields, surrounded by moors, and birch and pine groves (SZPILA 2009). Wrzosy is a location in the north part of the city. Specimens obtained there were collected from the surroundings of railway track covered with xerothermic and ruderal plants. Specimens from this collection were mentioned with the results of aforementioned study. All material was determined using both a TROJAN (1970) and GELLER-GRIMM (2003) keys. Doubtfully identified specimens were sent to ŁUKASZ MIELCZAREK to confirm the species determination. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In total, authors have found 257 specimens of 33 determined Asilidae species and one group of undetermined female Tolmerus specimens. Choerades femorata (MEIGEN, 1804) is given for the first time from Poland. However it is known that it is quite popular species among the collections, but determined as Choerades marginata (LINNAEUS, 1758) (MIELCZAREK, in preparation). The nomenclature is from GELLER-GRIMM (2005). All examined material with the abbreviations of collectors names in the alphabetical order is given below. In the case of some interesting species, there is an additional note. Abbreviations of collectors names: AG ANDRZEJ GRZYWACZ BP BARTŁOMIEJ PACUK KS KRZYSZTOF SZPILA MK MACIEJ KRZYŻYŃSKI MW MICHAŁ WÓDECKI 52
EXAMINED MATERIAL Leptogastrinae: Leptogaster cylindrica (DE GEER, 1776) Kępa Bazarowa: 17.07.2011.: 3, 1, coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 27.06.2011.: 2, coll. MK. Leptogaster guttiventris ZETTERSTEDT, 1842 Piwnicki Forest: 19.07.2011: 1, coll. MK. Asilinae: Antipalus sinuatus (LOEW, 1854) Kępa Bazarowa: 17.07.2011.: 2, 1, coll. MK. Rare, xerothermic species is known mostly from southern Poland. Three specimens were found on the sandy shore of Vistula river. Antipalus sinuatus is listed in the Polish Red Data Book of Animals (Palaczyk 2004) with a VU (vulnerable) status. This is an 8th A. sinuatus site in Poland, which is only third noted after 1976, and with the most northern location. FIG. 2. Antipalus sinuatus, female, lateral view Antipalus varipes (MEIGEN, 1820) Bielany: 24.08.1984.: 1, coll. Tadeusz Pawlikowski; Glinki: 26.08.1997.: 1, coll. KS; 14.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 15.06.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 26.07.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 11.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 17.06.2002.: 1, coll. KS; 26.08.2011.: 1, coll. MK. 53
Echthistus rufinervis (MEIGEN, 1820) Glinki: 26.06.1997.: 1, 1, coll. KS; 4.08.1999.: 1, coll. KS; 14.06.2011.: 3, coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 19.07.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 2.06.2011.: 1, coll. KS; 27.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 17.06.2002.: 1, coll. KS; 24.06.2005.: 1, coll. KS; 14.06.2011.: 4, 1, coll. MK; 22.06.2011.: 1, coll. AG; 19.06.2012.: 2, 8, coll. MK; 5.07.2012.: 3, 5, coll. MK; Stawki: 11.06.2013.: 1, coll. KS. Eutolmus rufibarbis (MEIGEN, 1820) Kępa Bazarowa: 17.07.2011.: 4, 3, coll. MK; 18.08.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Piwnicki Forest: 27.08.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 25.06.2001.: 1, coll. KS; Żymierski Hill: 5.07.2012.: 1, coll. MK. Dysmachus trigonus (MEIGEN, 1804) Glinki: 14.04.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 22.05.1995.: 1, coll. KS; 24.05.1995.: 2, 1, coll. KS; 11.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK; 27.06.2011.: 1, 1, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 24.06.2005.: 1, coll. KS; 19.06.2012.: 1, coll. MK. Machimus arthriticus (ZELLER, 1840) Toruń Airfield: 11.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 17.08.2011.: 1, coll. MK. Machimus gonatistes (ZELLER, 1840) Toruń Airfield: 25.06.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 11.06.2011.: 1, 3, coll. MK, 27.06.2011.: 5, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 17.06.2002.: 1, coll. KS; 17.08.2011.: 2, coll. MK. Machimus rusticus (MEIGEN, 1820) Toruń Airfield: 25.06.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 27.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 5.08.2012.: 1, coll. MK; Rubinkowo: 21.06.2011.: 1, coll. MW; Stawki: 11.06.2013.: 1, leg KS. Neopitriptus setosulus (ZELLER, 1840) Glinki: 4.08.1999.: 2, 3, 1?, coll. KS; Toruń Airfield: 23.07.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 23.08.2011.: 1, 1, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 26.08.2011.: 1, coll. MK. Neoitamus cothurnatus (MEIGEN, 1820) Toruń Airfield: 5.06.2002.: 1, coll. KS. Neoitamus cyanurus (LOEW, 1849) Piwnicki Forest: 13.06.2011.: 1, coll. AG; 27.06.2011.: 1, coll. AG. Neoitamus socius (LOEW, 1871) Żymierski Hill: 14.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK. Neomochtherus pallipes (MEIGEN, 1820) Bielany: 4.07.2011.: 1, coll. BP; 5.07.2011.: 1, coll. BP, 7.07.2011.: 1, coll. BP; Piwnicki Forest: 19.06.2011: 1, coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 11.06.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 13.07.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 16.07.2001.: 1, coll. KS; Żymierski Hill: 22.06.2011.: 2, coll. AG; 27.06.2011.: 1, coll. AG; Starówka: 31.07.2011.: 1, coll. MK. Numerous species found in various locations in Poland. Specimens from Bielany and Starówka were found inside the residential buildings, sitting on the window panes. During the study N. pallipes was the only species found indoors. 54
Pamponerus germanicus (LINNAEUS, 1758) Glinki: 26.06.1997.: 1, coll. KS; Żymierski Hill: 24.06.2005.:1, coll. KS. Philonicus albiceps (MEIGEN, 1820) Kępa Bazarowa: 17.07.2011.: 3, coll. MK; 18.08.2011.: 1, 1, coll. MK; Piwnicki Forest: 19.07.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 11.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK;27.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK; 14.08.2011.: 2, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 5.07.2011.: 1, coll. MK; 17.08.2011.: 4, 12, coll. MK; 26.08.2011.: 7, 3, coll. MK; Wrzosy: 23.08.2003.: 1, coll. KS. The most frequent species of Asilidae in conducted studies, as in results of other faunistic studies in Poland (Kaczorowska 2008). It was seen particularly on sandy trails surrounded by xetothermic plants. That corresponds with described psammophilic character of this species (Trojan 2007). Rhadiurgus variabilis (ZETTERSTEDT, [1838]) Piwnicki Forest: 19.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 31.05.1995.: 1, coll. KS; 8.05.2000.: 1, coll. KS; 24.05.2001.: 1, coll. KS; Stawki: 11.06.2013.: 1, coll. KS. Tolmerus atricapillus (FALLÉN, 1814) Piwnicki Forest: 19.07.2011.: 1, coll. MK; 27.08.2011.: 1, 1, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 26.08.2011.: 1, 3, coll. MK. Tolmerus pyragra (ZELLER, 1840) Piwnicki Forest: 19.07.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Wrzosy: 14.07.2003.: 1, coll. KS. Tolmerus sp. Bielany: 14.07.2011.: 1, coll. BP; Kępa Bazarowa: 17.07.2011.: 1 (Tolmerus cingulatus/cowini), coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 24.08.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 17.08.2011.: 1, coll. MK; 26.08.2011.: 1, coll. MK; 15.10.2014.: 1, coll. AG. Laphriinae Andrenosoma atrum (LINNAEUS, 1758) Glinki: 4.08.1999.: 1, 2, coll. KS; Żymierski Hill: 21.08.2007.: 1, coll. KS. Choerades femorata (MEIGEN, 1804) [= marginata sensu MIKSCH et al. (1993)] Piwnicki Forest: 13.06.2011.: 1, leg AG; Toruń Airfield: 23.07.2001: 1, coll. KS. New for Poland. Determined by the authors of this work as C. marginata, verified as C. femorata by MIELCZAREK on the occasion of his work on revision of marginata species group. Species distinguishable from C. marginata by proportion of 1 st and 2 nd antennal segments. Scape of C. femorata is at least 3 times as long as pedicel, while scape of C. marginata is only 1.8-2.5 times as long as pedicel. Also hairs covering the area above the facial gibbosity of males are usually white in C. femorata, while yellow in C. marginata (GELLER-GRIMM 2003). Choerades gilva (LINNAEUS, 1758) Żymierski Hill: 19.06.2012.: 1, coll. MK. 55
Choerades marginata (LINNAEUS, 1758) [= marginata sensu MIKSCH et AL. (1993)] Piwnicki Forest: 13.06.2011.: 1, coll. AG. FIG. 3. Choerades femorata and Choerades marginata. A) C. femorata, antennae, dorsal view; B) C. femorata, female, habitus, lateral view; C) C. marginata, antennae, dorsal view; D) C. marginata, male, habitus, lateral view Laphria gibbosa (LINNAEUS, 1758) Cierpiszewo Forest Inspectorate, Zielonka Forestry: 20.06.2007.: 1, coll. KS. Laphria flava (LINNAEUS, 1761) Stawki: 11.06.2013.: 1, coll. KS. Stichopogoninae Lasiopogon cinctus (FABRICIUS, 1781) Piwnicki Forest: 10.05.2011.: 2, coll. AG; 11.05.2011.: 1, coll. AG; Toruń Airfield: 22.05.1995.: 2, coll. KS; 24.05.1995.: 1, coll. KS; 16.05.1996.: 1, coll. KS; 6.05.2011.: 2, 3, coll. MK; 11.06.2011.: 1, coll. MK; Żymierski Hill: 14.05.2011.: 1, coll. KS; 30.04.2011.: 5, 6, coll. MK. 56
Stenopogoninae Dioctria atricapilla MEIGEN, 1804 Żymierski Hill: 19.06.2012.: 5, 2, coll. MK. Dioctria hyalipennis (FABRICIUS, 1794) Toruń Airfield: 6.06.2001.: 1, coll. KS. Dioctria linearis (FABRICIUS, 1787) Piwnicki Forest: 26.06.2011.: 2, coll. MK. Dioctria oelandica (LINNAEUS, 1758) Kępa Bazarowa: 31.05.2011.: 1, coll. MK. D. oelandica is one of the species of Asilidae related with humid woodlands. One specimen was found on the foliage in the riparian forest in Toruń. Dioctria rufipes (DE GEER, 1776) Toruń Airfield: 14.05.2002.: 1, coll. KS; Żymierski Hill: 14.05.2007.: 1, coll. KS. Holopogon priscus (MEIGEN, 1820) Glinki: 26.06.1997.: 1, 1, coll. KS; 14.06.2011.: 4, 2, coll. MK; Toruń Airfield: 24.05.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 2.06.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 25.06.2001.: 1, coll. KS; 5.06.2002.: 1, coll. KS; 11.07.2005.: 1, coll. KS; Żymierski Hill: 14.06.2011.: 7, 6, coll. MK; 31.05.2011.: 1, coll. AG; 19.06.2012.: 1, 3, coll. MK; 5.07.2015.: 1, coll. MK; Stawki: 11.06.2013.: 1, coll. KS. Species described as local in central and southern Poland (TROJAN 2007). 33 specimens of H. priscus were found in conducted studies. KS did also numerous observations (uncollected material) of this species on the area of Toruń Airfield, what demonstrates an outstanding condition of H. priscus population on psammophilic grasslands of Toruń on both sides of Vistula River. FIG. 4. Holopogon priscus, male, habitus, lateral view 57
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank A. GRZYWACZ, B. PACUK, T. PAWLIKOWSKI and M. WÓDECKI for providing specimens of Asilidae from their collections. We would also thank to Ł. MIELCZAREK for the verification of the determination of some of our specimens and K. KURNIK for language corrections. REFERENCES BOBEK K. 1893. Przyczynek do fauny muchówek Krakowskiego okręgu. Sprawozdanie Komisyi Fizyjograficznej, Kraków 28: 8-28 [in Polish]. BOBEK K. 1894. Przyczynek do fauny muchówek Przemyśla. Sprawozdanie Komisyi Fizyjograficznej, Kraków 29: 114 [in Polish]. GELLER-GRIMM F. 2003. Photographic atlas and identification key to the robber flies of Germany (Diptera: Asilidae), http://www.geller-grimm.de/key/, access: 26.01.2016. GELLER-GRIMM F. 2004. A world catalogue of the genera of the family Asilidae (Diptera). Studia Dipterologica 10: 473-526. GELLER-GRIMM F. 2005. Robber Flies (Asilidae) Database, Species, http://www.gellergrimm.de/catalog/species.htm, access: 22.01.2016. GELLER-GRIMM F. 2013. Fauna Europaea: Asilidae. [In:] Pape T., BEUK P. (eds). Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera.Fauna Europaea version 2.6, http://faunaeur.org, access: 10.02.2016. KACZMARZYK K. 1962. Materiały do znajomości fauny łowików (Diptera, Asilidae) Puszczy Kampinoskiej. Fragmenta Faunistica 10(11): 163-170 [in Polish]. KACZOROWSKA E. 2008. Uwagi o Therevidae i Asilidae (Diptera) siedlisk piaszczystych i bagnistych polskiego wybrzeża Bałtyku. Dipteron 24: 21-27 [in Polish]. LONDT J.G.H. 1994. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 26. Ethological observations, and a possible ecological classification based on habits. Annals of the Natal Museum 35: 97-122. MIKSCH G., DOCZKAL D., SCHMID-EGGER C. 1993. Faunistische Bearbeitung der Raubfliegen Baden-Württembergs (Diptera: Asilidae). Jahresheft der Gesellschaft für Naturkunde in Württemberg 148: 159-191, Stuttgart [in German]. MUSSO J.J. 1983. Nutritive and ecological requirements of robber flies (Diptera: Brachycera: Asilidae). Entomologia Generalis 9: 35-50. PALACZYK A., SOSZYŃSKI B., KLASA A., BYSTROWSKI C., MIKOŁAJCZYK W., KRZEMIŃSKI W. 2002. [In:] GŁOWACIŃSKI Z. (eds). Czerwona lista zwierząt ginących i zagrożonych w Polsce. PAN, Kraków, pp. 38-44. PALACZYK A. 2004. Antipalus sinuatus. [In:] GŁOWACIŃSKI Z., NOWACKI J. (eds). Polska Czerwona Księga zwierząt. Bezkręgowce. IOP PAN, AR w Poznaniu, Kraków Poznań, 447 pp. SOSZYŃSKI B., SOSZYŃSKA-MAJ A., PALACZYK A., KOWALCZYK J.K., BYSTROWSKI C., DURSKA E., WOŹNICA A. 2010. Wybrane rodziny muchówek (Diptera) za wyjątkiem Limoniidae, Pediciidae, Chironomidae, Empidoidea i Syrphidae. [In:] JASKUŁA R., TOŃCZYK G. (red.). Owady (Insecta) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesień Łódzkich. Dyrekcja Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesień Łódzkich/Mazowiecko-Świętokrzyskie Towarzystwo Ornitologiczne, Łódź: 165-185. 58
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