ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA LUBLIN POLONIA

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1 ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA LUBLIN POLONIA VOL. XXXII (3) SECTIO EE 2014 Departmet of Horse Breedig ad Use, Uiversity of Life Scieces i Lubli ul. Akademicka 13, Lubli pietrzaks@iteria.pl SŁAWOMIR PIETRZAK, ANDRZEJ MACIASZCZYK, MICHAŁ PLUTA Compariso of horse scores obtaied i show jumpig i atioal ad iteratioal competitios i Polad Porówaie wyików koi startujących w kokursach skoków przez przeszkody w zawodach krajowych i międzyarodowych w Polsce Summary. The objective of the study was to idicate top breeds of horses attedig show jumpig i the atioal ad iteratioal competitios held i Polad recetly as well as the aalysis of the scores obtaied by horses i these competitios, cosiderig the aimals age ad se. The studies ivolved 901 horses. A total of 5656 start i atioal competitios ad 1047 i iteratioal oes. A high percetage of foreig bred horses (44%) was foud which is the evidece that the Polish breedig, especially of the Wielkopolski ad Małopolski breeds, does ot meet the eeds of sport horse users. Horses uder 10 years of age were show to fault statistically sigificatly less i the atioal competitios tha the older aimals. Supremacy of the Haoveria, Holsteier horse breeds ad the horses registered i KWPN was established over the Polish breeds, takig ito accout the mea umber of faults icurred i the iteratioal competitios. As foreig riders domiated the iteratioal competitios held i Polad, it is imperative that horse breedig i Polad should be improved just like the traiig of Polish competitors. Key words: sport horse, jumpig competitio, competitio scorig INTRODUCTION Amog the usability traits of sport horses, aside from high physical fitess ad motor coordiatio, the performace of the horse while jump the obstacles proves to be critical ot oly i show jumpig but i evetig as well. This trait is developed ad established to a great etet through adequate preparatio ad the best possible traiig at the highest competitive level [Dubois ad Ricard 2007, Koee et al. 2004, Pietrzak 2000, Pietrzak et al. 2013]. Notably, the study results of may authors highlight the importace of geetic backgroud [Alridge et al. 2000, Ducro et al. 2007, Marsalek et al. 2010, Posta et al. 2009].

2 Compariso of horse scores obtaied i show jumpig Hece, show jumpig which is the most popular ad recogizable equestria disciplie worldwide is pivotal because of techical-sport aspects ad equie breedig efforts, too. Iteratioal competitio ad huge fiacial commitmets to developig the disciplie of show jumpig have challeged horse breeders. Riders ad traiers search for horses predisposed to jump obstacl, i. e. of appropriate coformatio, temperamet, psychophysical characteristics as well as mobility ad the correct jumpig techique. The objective of the preset study was to establish top horse breeds or types best suited for show jumpig based o the domestic ad iteratioal competitios held i Polad recetly together with aalyses of the scores obtaied durig these competitios, cosiderig horse age ad se. MATERIAL AND METHODS The studies ivolved 901 horses that competed i show jumpig i the atioal competitios (600 uits) ad iteratioal oes held i Polad (301 uits) i the years A total of 5656 starts of these horses i the domestic competitios ad 1047 starts i iteratioal were aalyzed. The studies were based o the official data supplied by the Polish Equestria Federatio i Warsaw providig iformatio about the horses attedig the evet (breed, pedigree lie, se, age) ad the obtaied competitio results. Thus, the database was created. There were formed 4 data blocks; the first oe cotaied the data related to the horse ame, se, breed or studbook, year of birth ad coutry of origi. The secod block etailed the data o competitors, the third o competitios (date, locatio, class), whereas the fourth block cotaied the results of the competitios (fial placig, cash awards altogether, umber of faults). Combiatio of the data allowed for determiatio of 34 breeds of horses attedig the atioal competitios ad 27 breeds i the iteratioal oes. The breeds, whose represetatives appeared i the database less tha 8 times were categorized as other breeds. There was established the umber ad percetage of each horse breed i the aalyzed competitio. umber of pealty poits of horse ad rider (kockig dow a obstacle, disobediece, eceedig the time allowed) i the competitio were couted over for a umber of faults, for istace: 4 pealties = 1 fault, 8 pealties = 2 faults, 12 pealties = 3 faults etc. Takig ito accout were oly classical competitios like agaist the clock ad ot agaist the clock. Statistical characteristics of the umber of faults icurred i the competitios were calculated i relatio to the breed groups determied, whereas statistical compariso of these groups was performed usig the Duca`s multiple rage test. Takig ito accout the mea umber of faults committed i each competitio, the studied horses were compared i terms of the coutry of origi withi two categories: Polish horses (Polish passport) ad foreig horses (foreig passport).the faults give to competig horses were compared similarly cosiderig the horse age (uder 7 years of age, 8-10 years, 11 years ad more) ad se (stallio, mare, geldig). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It is iterestig that amog 600 horses attedig the atioal competitios (Tab. 1), the aimals bred i Polad accouted for 56%, while i other coutries 44%. However,

3 22 S. PIETRZAK, A. MACIASZCZYK, M. PLUTA early every third horse was of Germa origi, Dutch horses costituted ca. 5.5%, Belgia 2.8%, Daish 1.7% ad uder 1% from other coutries. As compared to the studies reported 20 years ago which highlighted the domiatio of the Wielkopolska ad Młopolska breed horses ad oly small miority of foreig breeds [Pietrzak 2000, Pietrzak et al. 2001], it is certaily a ew pheomeo. It demostrates that the Polish breedig does ot fully satisfy the eeds of sport horse users who search for idividuals of specific predispositios esurig top sport performace i show jumpig. The data summarized i Table 1 cofirm the quatitative ad percet supremacy of Germa horses i the iteratioal competitios takig place i Polad followed by the horses of the Polish origi or Polish Halfbred horses registered i the studbook i which may pedigrees display acestors of Germa breeds. The there are horses registered i the Royal Warmblood Studbook of the Netherlads KWPN, while a percetage of Wielkopolska horses (4.3%), especially Małopolska oes (0.3%) was markedly lower as agaist the atioal competitio. That implies that the breedig horses of these breeds i Polad caot withstad the iteratioal competitio or it seems to be headig i differet directio. Table 1. Numerical proportio ad percetage of horses i atioal ad iteratioal competitios i relatio to horse coutry of origi Tabela 1. Liczbowy i procetowy udział koi w zawodach ogólopolskich i międzyarodowych z uwzględieiem kraju ich pochodeia Coutry Państwo Natioal competitio Zawody ogólopolskie Iteratioal competitio Zawody międzyarodowe N (uit/szt.) % N (uit/szt.) % POL GER HOL BEL DEN LTU UKR FRA SWE AUT CZE IRL SLO ITA SUI HUN LAT RUS /

4 Compariso of horse scores obtaied i show jumpig I show jumpig class CC (obstacle height ca. 140 cm) ad CS (ca. 150 cm), there were observed statistically sigificat differeces betwee the horse breeds uder study i terms of the mea umber of faults icurred i the Polish competitios (Tab. 2). The Haoveria horses were give the lowest umber of faults o average as compared to other breeds at the most challegig cotests of the aalyzed competitios (class CS). As regardig all the cotest classes studied, the Holsteier horses appeared to be the best i this respect ( = pt). I the class CS iteratioal cotests, highly sigificat statistical differeces were stated betwee the Dutch horses ( = 1.17 pt) ad the horses from the Polish breedig (Tab. 3). The, sigificat statistically differeces were established i the cotests with obstacle height 130 ad 140 cm betwee the Germa breed horses (Holsteier ad Haoveria) ad those from the Polish breedig. Table 2. Compariso of horse breeds studied as regards to mea umber of faults icurred i atioal competitios Tabela 2. Porówaie badaych ras koi pod względem średiej liczby błędów w kokursach ogólopolskich Class of competitio/ height of obstacles Klasy kokursów/ wysokość przeszkód N/120 wielkopolska b a Breed/Rasa Polish horse halfbred Haoveria polski koń szlachety haowerska półkrwi b 2.14 a b 1.50 a Holstei holsztyńska b a, b meas deoted i lies by differet small letters differ sigificatly at P 0.05 a, b średie ozaczoe w wierszach różymi małymi literami różią się istotie przy P 0,05 Dutch holederska b b Statistically sigificat differeces were ot reported betwee the horse groups with Polish ad foreig passports cosiderig the mea umber of faults i the atioal competitios. While i the iteratioal competitios i all the cotest classes, this type of differece was show i favor of the horses with foreig passports. Especially i the most competitive cotests (CS), the horses with Polish passports made 2 times more mistakes o average (Tab. 4). It is likely to be associated ot oly with the potetial of a give horse breed or type but with a professioal level of a rider. The problems of the traiig of Polish riders ad horses have bee frequetly addressed i the professioal literature [Pietrzak 2000, Pietrzak et al. 2001, Pietrzak et al. 2013].

5 24 S. PIETRZAK, A. MACIASZCZYK, M. PLUTA Table 3. Compariso of horse breeds aalyzed i terms of mea umber of faults i iteratioal competitios Tabela 3. Porówaie badaych ras koi pod względem średiej liczby błędów w kokursach międzyarodowych Class of competitio/ height of obstacles Klasy kokursów/ wysokość przeszkód wielkopolska a a Aa Breed/Rasa Polish horse halfbred Haoveria polski koń szlachety haowerska półkrwi b Aa 1.40 b Holstei holsztyńska b b A, B meas deoted i lies by differet capital letters differ sigificatly at P 0.01 a, b meas deoted i lies by differet small letters differ sigificatly at P 0.05 A, B średie ozaczoe w wierszach różymi dużymi literami różią się istotie przy P 0,01 a, b średie ozaczoe w wierszach różymi małymi literami różią się istotie przy P 0,05 Dutch holederska b B Table 4. Compariso of horse groups uder study cocerig mea umber of faults i iteratioal competitios Tabela 4. Porówaie badaych grup koi pod względem średiej liczby błędów w kokursach międzyarodowych Class of competitio/ obstacle height Klasa kokursu/ Wysokość przeszkód Horse passports Polish foreig polskie zagraicze a 0,85 b ,20 1, A a ,88 1, B 484 1,08 b 1.22 A, B meas deoted i lies by differet capital letters differ sigificatly at P 0.01 a, b meas deoted i lies by differet small letters differ sigificatly at P 0.05 A, B średie ozaczoe w wierszach różymi dużymi literami różią się istotie przy P 0,01 a, b średie ozaczoe w wierszach różymi małymi literami różią się istotie przy P 0,05

6 Compariso of horse scores obtaied i show jumpig The aalysis of the mea umber of faults icurred i the atioal competitios by horses of both sees demostrates that i most cases stallios outumbered geldigs ad mares while i class CC ad CS cotests, the differeces betwee sees were statistically sigificat (Tab. 5). This type of differeces was ot observed i the iteratioal competitios (Tab. 6) ad altogether, i all the cotest classes, mares ad geldigs were scored slightly higher tha stallios. That is i lie with the data metioed by other authors [Pietrzak 2000, Thore Hellste et al. 2008]. I hippological literature, there are reports idicatig the substatial effect of horse se o sportig results achieved [Pietrzak 2000, Pietrzak et al. 2013, Thore Hellste et al. 2008]. The studies foud a high percet of stallios i the atioal competitios ad this fact implies the itetio of stallio promotio as a sire or a chace for beig submitted for stallio licesig breedig through the so called alterative performace test which icludes show jumpig. Geerally, the studies of other authors highlight the highest percetage of geldigs i competitios [Pietrzak 2000, Thore Hellste et al. 2008], alike, these studies cofirmed it for iteratioal competitios. Table 5. Compariso of horses tested regardig se with respect to mea umber of faults i atioal competitios Tabela 5. Porówaie badaych koi z uwzględieiem płci pod względem średiej liczby błędów w kokursach ogólopolskich Class of competitio/ obstacle height Klasy kokursów/ wysokość przeszkód N/120 mares/ klacze a Se/Płeć stallios ogiery b a geldigs/wałachy b b a, b meas deoted i lies by differet small letters differ sigificatly at P 0.05 a, b średie ozaczoe w wierszach różymi małymi literami różią się istotie przy P 0,05 Compariso of age groups of the horses uder ivestigatio i terms of the umber of faults i the atioal competitios showed that the idividuals uder 8 years of age made sigificatly statistically fewer mistakes tha the older horses (Tab. 7).

7 26 S. PIETRZAK, A. MACIASZCZYK, M. PLUTA Table 6. Compariso of horses studied cocerig se with regard to mea umber of faults i iteratioal competitios Tabela 6. Porówaie badaych koi z uwzględieiem płci pod względem średiej liczby błędów w kokursach międzyarodowych Class of competitio/ obstacle height Klasy kokursów/ wysokość przeszkód mares klacze Se/Płeć stallios ogiery geldigs wałachy Table 7. Compariso of horse age groups relatig to mea umber of faults i atioal competitios Tabela 7. Porówaie grup wiekowych badaych koi pod względem średiej liczby błędów w kokursach ogólopolskich Class of competitio / obstacle height Klasy kokursów/ wysokość przeszkód N/120 Horse age groups (years) Grupy wiekowe koi (lata) a a a b b a, b meas deoted i lies by differet small letters differ sigificatly at P 0.05 a, b średie ozaczoe w wierszach różymi małymi literami różią się istotie przy P 0,05

8 Compariso of horse scores obtaied i show jumpig As for iteratioal competitios, statistically sigificat differeces were ot reported betwee the age groups i this respect, however the 11-year old horses ad older were scored higher as compared to other age groups (Tab. 8). The results obtaied at the iteratioal competitios aalyzed i this respect agree with other authors` studies o age of sport horses ad their usability value [Pietrzak 2000, Thore Hellste et al. 2008]. Table 8. Compariso of horses uder study regardig se i terms of mea umber of faults i iteratioal competitios Tabela 8. Porówaie badaych koi z uwzględieiem płci pod względem średiej liczby błędów w kokursach międzyarodowych Class of competitio/ obstacle height Klasy kokursów/ wysokość przeszkód Horse age groups (years)/ Grupy wiekowe koi (lata) RESUME AND CONCLUSION The preset studies have foud that i the years i the Polish competitios show jumpig disciplie, 56% of competig horses came from the domestic breedig (maily registered i the studbook Polish Halfbred horse ) ad 44% from foreig breedig, chiefly the Germa oe. Such a high percetage of horses from foreig breedig idicates that the horses from the Polish breedig (especially the Wielkopolska ad Małopolska breed) do ot meet the requiremets of users of sport horses for show jumpig. Stallios were foud to make the most umerous group competig i the atioal show jumpig competitios uder ivestigatio which clearly idicates the iteded promotio of stallios as sires or i the case of yougsters submissio to so called alterative performace test. Horses aged uder 10 years costituted the highest percetage of competig idividuals ad were give sigificatly statistically fewer faults i the domestic competitios tha older horses. Compariso of horse breeds i terms of the mea umber of mistakes i the competitios has show eplicitly the supremacy of the Haoveria, Holsteier horses ad those o the KWPN registry over the horses bred i Polad. I light of the calculatios, it may be cocluded that statistically sigificat

9 28 S. PIETRZAK, A. MACIASZCZYK, M. PLUTA differeces relevat to the mea umber of faults i the cotests give to the horses with Polish passports versus those with foreig oes i the iteratioal competitios arise ot oly from a differet class of horses but riders` competece as well. The studies have highlighted the shortcomigs of the Polish equestria sport with regard to rider traiig. REFERENCES Aldridge L.I., Kelleher D.L., Reilly M., Brophy P.O., Estimatio of the geetic correlatio betwee performaces at differet levels of show jumpig competitios i Irelad. J. Aim. Breed. Geet. 117, Dubois C., Ricard A., Efficiecy of past selectio of the Frech Sport Horse: Selle Fracais breed ad suggestios for the future. Livest. Sci. 112, Ducro B.J., Koee E.P.C., Tartwijk J.M.F.M., Bovehuis H., Geetic relatios of movemet ad free-jumpig traits with dressage ad show-jumpig performace i competitio of Dutch Warmblood horses. Livest. Sci. 107, Koee E.P.C., Aldridge L.I., Philipsso J., A overview of breedig objectives for warmblood sport horses. Livest. Prod. Sci., 88, Marsalek M., Blazkova K., Sedlackova M., Kasa E., Evaluatio of improvemet i jumpig ability of youg horses. J. Livest. Sci. 1, 1 8. Pietrzak S., Wyiki osiągae przez koie sportowe z czołowych klubów jeździeckich w skokach przez przeszkody i w wkkw, oceioe a podstawie owego współczyika powodzeia. Pr. Mat. Zoot. 56, Pietrzak S., Nowak P., Augustyiak W., Udział koi wielkopolskich w krajowym sporcie jeździeckim w latach Rocz. Nauk. Zoot. 14, Pietrzak S., Próchiak T., Osińska K., The ifluece of certai factors o the results obtaied by horses classified i show jumpig raks of Iteratioal Federatio for Equestria Sports. Aales UMCS, Zootechica 31 (2), Posta J., Mihok S., Markus S., Komlosi I., Aalysis of Hugaria sport horse show jumpig results Rusig differet trasformatios ad models. Archiv. Tierzucht 52 (4), Thore Hellste E., Jorjai H., Philipsso J., Coectedess amog five Europea sport horse populatios. Livest. Sci. 118, Streszczeie. Celem pracy była próba określeia, które rasy koi odgrywają wiodącą rolę w ostatich latach w dyscypliie skoków przez przeszkody w zawodach krajowych i międzyarodowych rozgrywaych w Polsce, a także aaliza wyików tych zawodów z uwzględieiem wieku i płci koi. Badaiami objęto 901 koi, łączie przeaalizowao 5656 startów w zawodach krajowych oraz 1047 w międzyarodowych. Stwierdzoo występowaie zaczego odsetka koi z hodowli zagraiczej (44 %), który świadczy o tym, że krajowa hodowla, szczególie ras wielkopolskiej i małopolskiej, ie zaspokaja potrzeb użytkowików koi sportowych. Ustaloo, że koie w wieku do 10 lat popełiały statystyczie istotie miej błędów w kokursach krajowych aiżeli osobiki starsze. Określoo supremację ras haowerskiej, holsztyńskiej i koi zapisaych do księgi KWPN ad krajowymi rasami w zakresie średiej liczby błędów popełiaych w kokursach międzyarodowych. Stwierdzoo, że w zawodach międzyarodowych rozgrywaych w Polsce domiowali jeźdźcy zagraiczi, co może dowodzić koieczości poprawy ie tylko jakości hodowli koi w Polsce, ale także wyszkoleia rodzimych jeźdźców. Słowa kluczowe: koie sportowe, kokursy skoków, wyiki zawodów