:[dinrhnl] dil dedc meyn cifnl aexw iedc mexzie xefgi ikd elit`e ixii` bbeya.'eke mxezd

Transkrypt

1 ì Mishnah Terumot, chapter 3 11 bwxtzenexzdpyn (1)If a person set aside cucumber as giha`,dxn z`vnpe zex w mxfyd ` terumah,anditwasfoundtobebitter mxfyd.mfxzie xffgie,dnexy,gexq `vnpe [thusitisdoubtfulwhether, or not, it reci m`,ung Ÿ lw z`vnpe oii lw ziag is considered food]; melon, and it was Dpi`,Dnxz `NW Ÿ cr ung Ÿ lw dzidw found to be rotten it is valid Ff ixd,dvingd DnxYXn m`.dnexy terumah, but he must take terumah.mfxzie xffgie,dnexy,wtq m`.dnexy again[as a penalty, for he should have,dnvr ipta zrocn Dpi`,dpFW`xd tasted it]. If a person gave as terumah :dipxd oke.wng Ÿ dilr oiaig oiè a barrel of wine, and it was found to be vinegar: If it was known that it was vinegar before he gave it as terumah, [sincevinegar andwinearetwodifferentspecies] itisnotvalid terumah;ifit souredafterhegaveitasterumah,thenitisvalidterumah;ifthisisindoubt,it is valid terumah, but he must take terumah again [being in doubt, we adopt stringency, however, the priest must return the value of the first terumah]. The former does not make meduma [should the spoiled terumah regarding which thereisadoubtastowhenitspoiled,fallintocommonproduceevenoflessthan ahundredtimesitsquantity,itdoesnotmakethewholeproducesubjecttothe laws of terumah, rather, he lifts off an equal amount to that which fell in and givesittothepriest]and[anon-priestwhounintentionallyeatsit]isnotliable [to return its value and] an extra one fifth; and similarly the latter [i.e., if the terumahgiventhesecondtimefellin;sinceofeachitcanbesaidthattheother istherealterumah,thusheretherabbisdidnotinstitutetherequirementofthe ratio of one hundred to one, for the nullification of terumah, rather, the Biblical standard of batul berov nullification applies, which is a simple majority]. :[dinrhnl] dil dedc meyn cifnl aexw iedc mexzie xefgi ikd elitè ixii` bbeya.'eke mxezd :odmipinipyunegeoiicdnexzeznexzoiòiidlrunegdonmxezdy.'ekeuneglyz`vnpe odizy ozepe.mexziexefgiednexz:dvingddnxzyxg`le`dvingddnxz`lycr.wtqm` dnexzdlerydnitkzhrnzndipydydipydondlecbìdydpey`xdincelozepodkeodkl di`xd eilr exiagn ìvend `zkec lka ol `niiw opè exiagn ìvend èd odkdy itle,dpey`xd dpey`xd:dpey`xdìdydlecbdinceloziyjixvedphwd`l`minc`lagwelepi`jkitl dpi` `nyc,rnecn ziyrp oi` oileg ly d`nn zegtl dltp m`.dnvr ipta zrncn dpi` `lednexzdpey`xd`nydnvriptazrncndpi`.dipydoke:dnexz ìd dipyd `l` dnexz ynegmlynepi`dcaldipyde`dcaldpey`xdlk`yxf.yneg dilr miaiig oiè:dipyd :dbbya dnexz ilke` x`y oick Copyright 2008 All Rights Reserved. `

2 ai 12 (2) If one of them [the cases in Dpi`,oiNgd ª KFzl odn zg` dltp a Mishnah 1] fell into common produce, Dpi`,xg` mfwnl dipw dltp.oyrocn it does not make it meduma [i.e., zfrocn,cg` mfwnl odiyw Eltp.oYrOcn subject to the prohibition of a EnxYW oityxd ª b :odiywaw dphtm non-priest eating terumah]. If the other mdipw znexy,xnf` àiwr iax, xg` onefellintoanotherplace,ittoo,does,ofw`xd znexy,mixnf` minkge.dnexy notmakeitmeduma.iftheybothfell ofw`xd mxy m`,xnf` iqfi iax.dnexy intothesameplace,[andthereisless `l Ÿ mè.dnexy ipxd znexy oi`,xerxm thanonehundredtimestheamountof : dnexy,ipxd znexy,xerxm ofw`xd mxz the second, smaller one,] it becomes la`,xac `NWA Ÿ,mixEn` mixac doa c meduma as the smaller of them [but z` F` FCar z` F` FziA oa z` dwxd wherethereismorethanonehundred times the amount that he separated as the second terumah, it becomes nullified andtheproducemaybeeatenafterhegivestothepriesttheamountofthetwo portions that had fallen in]. (3) If partners took terumah one after the other: Rabbi Akiva says, the terumah ofbothisvalidterumah[i.e.,halfaportionofeachisvalidterumah].andthe Sages say, The terumah of the first [only] is valid terumah. Rabbi Yose says [explainingtheviewofthesages],ifthefirsttookterumahintheproperamount [i.e., 1/50th, being the amount usually given], the terumah of the second is not validterumah;ifthefirstdidnottaketerumahintheproperamount,theterumah of the second is valid terumah. (4)Towhatdoesthis[thecaseinMishnah3,whereRabbiAkivamaintainsthat theterumahofbotharevalid]refer?whenhe[thefirstpartner]didnotspeak [i.e., ask permission of the other]. But if he[one partner] authorized a member of his household, or his slave, or his maidservant[and most certainly his partner] cbpkd`noilegayimèodizyaydphwìdydipydxeriyk.odizyay dphwk zerncn odklopzepeodaeltpyzenexzizydel`xeriykoilegdonlhep`l`rnecnziyrpoi`dphwd divgednexzdivgodncg`lkznexzcepiid.dnexzmdipyznexzb:eidyenkoilegx`yde d`qivgmìkdnexzdycw`ly,d`qdfed`qdfoi`qmiyngnmdipyenxzyk`vnpoileg xeriykmiyngncg`.xeriykoey`xdmxzm`:ewlgitkcg`lkdflyad`qivgedflya iyxtnc ziè.iz`w minkgc ediizln iyextlc iqei iaxk dklde.dnexz eznexz minkg epzpy ji`dldil`gipdedcopifgc,dnexzeznexzjkxgèxiagmxzydnxeriykoey`xdmxzm` d`xp oey`x yexite.dnexzd xeriya enr `nkqn ezrc dzid ixdy,oey`xd mxzy dna d`xza :dnexz mdipy znexz xnè lirl àiwr 'x biltc `d.mixen` mixac dna Copyright 2008 All Rights Reserved. c a :xwir ipira

3 bi 13 togiveterumah,itisvalidterumah.if m`,lha.dnexy FznExY,mFxzl FzgtW he cancelled [the authorization]; if he mè.dnexyfznexyoi`,lhamxz`nwcr Ÿ cancelled before [the agent] gave,milrfrd.dnexy FznExY,lHA mxyxn terumah,histerumahisnotvalid;ifhe odw,zfkexcdonueg,mfxzlzewxodloi` cancelled after [the agent] gave znexy xnf`d d :cin zbd z` miòhn terumah, his terumah is valid terumah. znexy,fkfza eizfxyrne Ÿ,FkFzA ixmd Workers have no authority to give `xw,xnf` ofrnw iax,fkfza xurn terumah, except for the treaders[who F` FpFtvA xnìw Ÿ cr,mixnf` minkge.mw may give terumah], for they [the xnf`d,xnf` `nqg xfrl` iax.fnfxca owners who are ammey ha'arets, i.e., iax.mw `xw,eilr EPOn ixmd znexy ignorant in the laws of purity, may] make the wine-press impure immediately [therefore, the owners assume, and certainly give permission for the treaders to set apart terumah for him. (5)Ifapersonsays, Theterumahofthisheapiswithinit, [or,] itstithesare within it, [or] its terumat ma'aser is within it [without physically setting them aside, or designating a specific area]: Rabbi Shimon says, He called the name[of the terumah and ma'aserot, thereby making a commitment and cannot set aside terumahfromanotherheap].butthesagessay,[thereisnocallingofthename] until he says, In its north, or in its south [its designation must be more definite]. Rabbi Elazar Hisma says, If a person says, The terumah of the heap, fromit,isuponit, hehascalledthename[agreeingwithrabbishimon].rabbi ziad lra ozpy.dyxd la` :ezrcn mxz `l` mexzl exiagn zeyx lhp `ly.xac `lya jldyxg`l,ezegilylhiamexzlgilydpinyxg`lm`.lhia:dnexz eznexz,mexzl zeyx dxdha dnexz yixtdl ick,mixag milret exikydy ux`d inr milra.'ek ueg:eiptln gilyd zòi`nhnodyiptn:dnexzdzè`nhieux`dinrmilradeaerbi`lycrmexzlmi`yx xzeimixdfpmpiàxreizyzbaekldejexclmikxecdeligzdykcinux`dinrmilrady.zbd,dlecb dnexz mixagd eyixtd jexcl eligzdyk ciny miayeg mdy itl dze` oi`nhne zba rbiln daekldykcinzbdlkldkixvddnexzxeriyick,oiidon,mikxecdmixagdmiyixtnjkld :dxdhalkdlryixtdlonefnoiiodlyiexnbiymcewzbde`nhiemilradeèaim`y,axreizy `pngxcablrsè.xg`mewnneilryixtdllekiepièekeznxyrlemexzljixve.my `xw `dz ixkd rvnà rnyn ekeza xn`c oeik,mixkip dixiy eidiy opirae ziy`x dnexzl diixw ekezacablrs`:enexcaeèpetvaxnìycr:mixkipdixiymdyeiaiaq`ki``dednexzd.enexcaeèpetvaxnìycrmelkxn``leli`kèdixde,mieqnmewnied`l,ezirvnàrnyn.'eke df xyrn xeyir:mixkip dixiy opira `lc.my`xweilrepnnixkdznexz:dkldoke znexzcxn`wemy`xwixkdjezadfxyrnznexzxn`coerny'x`biltawrioaxfrlìax d Copyright 2008 All Rights Reserved.

4 ci 14 Eliezer ben Yaakov says,[if a person says,] The tenth part of these tithes consists of the terumaht ma'aser for it, he has called the name [differing with Rabbi Shimon in that he insists that the first tithes must be designated or separated before terumat ma'aser can be given]. (6) If a person [separated] terumah before firstfruits, [or] ma'aser rishon [before] terumah, [or] ma'aser sheini [before ma'aser] rishon, even though he transgresses aprohibition [for not xurn xevr xnf`d,xnf` awri Ÿ oa xfril` :mw `xw,eilr xurn znexy ieur ofw`x xurn,mixemal dnexy micwod e ir lr s`,ofw`xl ipw xurne,dnexyl. ieur durx dn,durz `la Ÿ xafr ÈdW :xg`z `l Ÿ Lrnce Lz`ln (ak zeny) xn`pw iexw df,dnexyl mixemad EnCwIW oipne f,ziw`xe dnexy iexw dfe,ziw`xe dnexy.lml Ÿ mixema odw,mixema EnCwi `N` xurne.ziw`x ìdw,ofw`xl dnexze oemzod g :ziw`x FA WIW,ipXl ofw`x xnè xurn,xurn xnè,dnexy xnfl separatingintheproperorder]sinceitsays: Youshallnotdelay[tooffer]from your abundance and from your liquors (Exodus 22:28), nevertheless, what he hasdoneisdone. (7)Andfromwheredowelearnthatfirstfruitsprecedeterumah,forthisoneis called terumah and first, and this one is[also] called terumah and first [sincebotharereferredtoasterumahand first, howdoiknowwhichprecedes the other]? But firstfruits have precedence, for they are first before all[the word bikurim implies first from all], and terumah [precedes ma'aser] rishon, for it [terumah] is[called] the first; and ma'aser rishon[precedes ma'aser] sheini, for it contains[terumat ma'aser, and terumah is called] the first. (8)Ifapersonmeanttosay, terumah, butsaid, tithes; [ifhemeanttosay,] tithes, but said terumah; a burnt-offering, but said, a peace-offering; a znexzxn`m`xyrndyxtedyxg`lla`,my`xw`lxyrndyxtedymcewekezadfxyrn `l jrnce jz`ln xn`py e :calaminkgk`lèdiipincgk`zkldzile.`xweilrxyrn lrs`,xg`z`ljrncejz`lnxn`py,dyrz`laxaerèdyitlrs`,xn`wikd.xg`z oey`xxyrnednexzefjrnce,xekiaami`lnznymixekadel`jz`ln,ieyrdyrydnokit oiiexw mixeka.ziy`xe dnexz iexw df f :xcqddpyz`l,xg`z`l.xyrnznexzeayiinp oiiexwe,jcin `phd odkd gwle(ek my) eda aizkc mixeka el`(ai mixac) jciznexzexnxn`cdnexz iexwe,(gixacna) izenexz zxnyn z`,dnexz iexw dnexz.(bk zeny) jznc` ixeka ziy`x,ziy`x.mixeka `pngx edpixw jkl,yixc mixeka oeyl.lkl mixeka ody mixeka:(gi mixac) jpbc ziy`x xyrnac.ziy`x ea yiy :zenexzd lr eehvp `ly cr `yz ik zyxta aizkc meyn inp i` :ipyl oey`x micwiy èd oic jkitl,ziy`x iexw dnexzde,xyrn znexz ea yi oey`x Copyright 2008 All Rights Reserved.

5 eh 15 peace-offering, but said, a xnè minlw,minlw xnè dlfr,dnexy burnt-offering; that I will not enter,dfl xnè zial qpkp ipi`w,dlfr this house, but said, that one; that,melm xn``l,dflxnè Ÿ dfl dpdp ipi`w I will not derive benefit from this,izemde ixkpd h :oiew FAle eit EidIW cr person, but said, that person he,xurn odizfxyrne Ÿ,dnExY oznexy has not said anything, unless his mouth ixkpl oi`,xnf` dcedi iax.wcwd owcwde and his mind are consistent. znexy. FlUi,mixnF`minkge.iraxmxM (9)Theterumahofthenon-Jewandof iaxe.wng Ÿ dilr oiaige,zrocn,ixkpd the Kuti is valid terumah, their tithes :xhfr ofrnw are valid tithes, and their dedication of property to the Temple is a valid dedication. Rabbi Yehudah says: Kerem reva'i [fourth year fruitwhich mustbe eatenin Jerusalem, or beredeemed, asis the law regarding second tithes](see Leviticus 19:23-24) does not apply to[fruit of] the non-jew. And the Sages say, It does apply to him. The terumah of the non-jew renders [produce into which it falls] meduma [providing there is less thanonehundredtimesthequantityoftheterumahthatfellin]andisliableto [thefineof]onefifth[ifeaten];butrabbishimonexempts[fromthefineofone fifth]. `d,alaicplk(cl zeny) aizkexenyzjizty`ven(bkmy) aizkc.oieyealeeiteidiycr dnexz eyixtd m`.dnexz oznexz izekde m"ekrd h:eiztya ìvene eala xneb opira,cvik ok"nopiyxcckdnexzeznexzoi`zegilyal`xyilynm"ekrdmxzm`laòdlydèazdon dklde.el yi mixne` minkge:zixaipamkgelys`zixaipamz`dn(gixacna) "mz` mb enixz oiaiige:mixfl xeqè rnecn lkd dyrp d`nn zegtl dltp m`:zrncn ixkpd znexz:minkgk èd dcen la` ynegn.xhet oerny 'xe :ynege oxw mlyn dbbya dlk`y xf.yneg dilr :oerny'xk dkld oiè,zrncnc g Copyright 2008 All Rights Reserved.