SOURCES OF BEE FLOWS IN POLLEN ANAL YSIS OF HONEYS OF THE BIALA PODLASKA NEIGHBOURHOOD. Anna Wróblewska

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1 PSZCZELNICZE ZESZYTY NAUKOWE Rok XXXIX, Nr SOURCES OF BEE FLOWS IN POLLEN ANAL YSIS OF HONEYS OF THE BIALA PODLASKA NEIGHBOURHOOD Anna Wróblewska Department of Botany, Agricultural University, Akademicka 15, Lublin, Poland Summary The investigations were carried out in the years Honey sampies ofthe Biała Podlaska neighbourhood have been studied in order to determine the pollen participation of the nectarious and no-nectarious plants in honey's sediments. Among the nectarious plants the highest pollen frequency in honey has been stated for Bra.ssica napus, Centaurea cyanus, Frangula alnus, Salix and Cruciferae, from among nonectarious for Rumex, Gramineae and Lupinus. There were found three Bra.ssica napus honeys between the examined sampies, whereas rest were multifloral honeys. Kevwords: honey, pollen analysis, Biała Podlaska. INTRODUCTION Pollen analysis ofhoneys is useful method determining the botanical and geografical origin of honeys (M a u r i z i o 1951, 1971, 1975). The work in that field have been done by numerous investigators of various countries. In Poland polleniferous flora in the agricultural areas of the country was examined among others by D e m i a n o w i c z and others (1966); Woź n a (1966); War a k o m s k a (1985); War a k o m s k a, Jar o s z y ri s k a (1992). The aim of this study was to determine the melliferous flora of Biała Podlaska neighbourhood, as well as pollen participation of various honey flow plants. MATERlAL AND METHODS In the years the sampies of twenty honeys were collected from beekeepers ofseveral apiaries ofthe Biała Podlaska neighbourhood (fig. l). Pollen analysis of honeys were made according to the L o u v e a u x and others (1970) methods. Pollen participation of the nectarious plants as well as no-nectarious (anemophilous and entomophilous without nectaries) was investigated in the honey's sediments. The colours of honeys were deterrnined according to the M a e r z and P a u I dictionary of colour (1950). 37

2 Bydgoszcz Pomań Warszawa Lublin Kraków tj - locality of apiaries lokalizacja pasiek Fig.L Places of honey sampies collection - Miejsca zbioru próbek miodów RESULTS In the examined honeys there were found 54 types of pollen - 37 of nectarious plants and 17 of no-nectarious. Among the nectarious plants the highest pollen frequency within individual samples have been stated for Brassica napus, Centaurera cyanus, Frangula alnus, Salix and Cruciferae, whereas from among no-nectarious for Rumex, Gramineae and Lupinus (tab. l). The following types of pollen were stated in all investigated honeys: Frangula alnus, Salix, Rubus typ, Rumex and Gramineae. Spores of fungi, in smali numbers, were present in 12 samples. 38

3 Table l Pollen frequency in honeys of the Biała Podlaska neighbourhood Frekwencja pyłku w miodach okolic Białej Podlaskiej Sample No j ") j Pollen Nr próbki I Pyłek nectarious plants - rośliny nektarodąjne I. Brassica "apus D D 2. Centaurea cya" us O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 3. Frangula aln us O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 4. Sa/ix O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 5. Cruciferae O O O O O O O O O O 6. Rubus typ O O O O O O O O O O [J O O O O O O O O O 7. Pkacelia O O O O O 8. Trifolium repens O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O D O 9. Fasopyrvm O O O O O O O O O O O 10. Lyclo"is O O 11. Cr41aegus O O O O O O O 12. LolW O O O \3. Diplola.rU O O O O O O UJ \O 14. Her"cleum typ O O

4 ~ 15. Acltillea typ o O o O O O O o o o O o O o o o 16. Ma/us typ o o o o o O O o o o o O 17. MelilolUS o o O o o o o 18. Tri/oliu", pratense o o o O. 19. Calluna o 20. Orsiu", typ o O o o o o o 21. Tarasacum typ o o o o o o o o o O o o O o o o 22. Genina O o 23. Aescu/us o O o o o o o o o 24. Vicia typ o o o o o o o o o 25. nu«o o o o o o o o e 26. Helianthus typ o 27. Anthriscus typ o o o o o o o o o 28. Caryophyl/aceae o o o o o o o o o o o 29. Convolvulus o o 30. Polygonu", bistona o o o o o o o o 31. Camus o 32. Sa/via o 33. V'1O/akort. o o o o 34. Centaura«[acea o o

5 ro'liny 35. Cltamaenenon a 36. Polygonum pers. a 37. Ribes a no-nectarioue plan a nienektarodajne 38. Rumex O O O O O O O O O o O a a a O O O a o 39. Gramineae O O O O o o O o O o O o o o o o o o a o 40. Lupinus o o O O a o o o 41. Plantago o o o o o O a o o O o 42. Rosa O o a 43. Filipendula O o o o o o a o a 44. Zea a 45. Ranunculus o o o a a o o a a o o a o o a 46. Cereales typ o O o o a o a 47. Quercus a o a o o o o a 48. Belula a 49. Corylus a o o a 50. Papaveraceae o 51. Cara a a -ł:>- 52. Pinws o a S3. Alnws o o

6 ~ 54. Chenopodi"," unrecolnizcd O 0 nieoznaczone Pollen - Pyłek: very often - bardzo częsty <45% often - częsty % D rare - rzadki 16+3% O single - pojedynczy > 3 % ") - Brassica napus honeys - miody gatunkowe z Brassica napus

There were found three Brassica napus honeys, which contained 40.3+80.3% of its pollen (fig.2a, phot.l). Among the rest. which were multifloral honeys (fig.

7 There were found three Brassica napus honeys, which contained % of its pollen (fig.2a, phot.l). Among the rest. which were multifloral honeys (fig.2b) there were two by two from flow of Centaurea cyanus % frequency, Frangula alnus % and Salix %. Phot.l. Microscopic view of Brassica napus honcy Obraz mikroskopowy miodu gatunkowego z Brassica napus Participation of plants groups in honeys was as follows: cultivated plants %, trees and shrubs %, weeds %, meadow plants %, forest plants - 7.4%, others - 3.7%. Pollen spectrum of tested sampies indicates that honeys were collected during spring and summer time. Their colours hesitated frorn bright creamy to amber. 43

8 t Centaur cyanus Sa.. U 5.3 Rumu U Tr~olium ropens 1.7 etataogu. 9.7 Rubustyp 3.3 others - inne 11.6 &assica napus 80.3 others - inne 24.1 oihe" ",nt 24.4 A BrasSlca napus «.1 BrasslCl napu Fig.2. PolJen spectrum (%) Obraz pyłkowy (%) miodów: A Brassica napus honeys Gatunkowych z Brassica napus ) Number of honcy sample from tab. l numer próbki miodu z tah.

9 Ftangullll,... Tr4ułi. re,. F,.,..ullaIftuł " U U B.", M 0Ihł" 1I'P 20.7 'lo. MtM Brmicł nepus lu '" C.,... e 270 cn-_cy_. UD PhK'N 7.' 1.0_ U B othlfs inni o&hn. inni 23.' 11.1 Bt.a napul 24.1 Br ~ tu Fr.... B...,. inni 27.1 I'.fica oeher. 2U 24.0._". CMI cr S.7 "f1t1e~~'>- lr""""", tu Sali. 25' Fig.2. Pollen spectrum (%) - Obraz pyłkowy (%) miodów: B - multifloral honeys - wielokwiatowych ") Number of honey sample from tab. l - numer próbki miodu z tab. l 45

10 CONCLUSIONS 1. The main sources of bee flows in the Biała Podlaska neighbourhood are: Brassica napus, Centaurea cyanus, Frangula alnus, Salix, Cruciferae and Rubus. 2. Most of the investigated honeys there were multifloral, only three Brassica napus honeys have been origined to the agricultural areas. 3. The melliferous flora of multitloral honeys of the Biała Podlaska neighbourhood includes mainly species of the natural seats - meadows and forests. REFERENCES D e m i a n o w i c z Z., L e c e w i c z W., War a k o m s k a Z. (1966) - Beitrag zur Quantitativen Pollcnanalyse der Buchweizenhonige. Z. Bienenforsch, (Deutsche Bienenwirtschaft Teil 2), 8(5): Louveaux 1., Maurizio A., Vorwohl G.(1970)-Lesmethodesdelamelissopalynologie. Apidologie, 1(2): M a e r z A., P a u l M. (1950) - A dictionary of color. Mc Craw - Hill Book Co., pp 208. M a u r i z i o A. (1951) - Pollen analysis of honeys. Bee World. 32(1):1-5. M a u r i z i o A. (1971) - Le spectre pollinique des mie\s Luxembourgeois. Apidologie, 2(3): M a u r i z i o A. (1975) - Microscopy of honey. In: E.Crane (Editor), Honey: A Cornprehensive Survey. Monison and Gibb, London, War a k o m s k a Z. (1985) - Obraz pyłkowy miodów i pierzgi Kotliny Jeleniogórskiej. Pszczeln.Zesz, Nauk., 29: War a k o m s k a Z., 1 a r o s z y ń s k a (1992) - Obraz pyłkowy miodów spadziowych Roztocza. Pszczeln.Zesz; Nauk., 36: Woź n a 1. (1966) - Obraz pyłkowy i barwa niektórych odmianowych miodów handlowych. Pszczeln.Zesz.Nauk., 10( ): ŹRÓDŁA POŻYTKÓW PSZCZELICH W OBRAZIE PYŁKOWYM MIODÓW OKOLIC BIAŁEJ PODLASKIEJ A. W rób I e w s k a Streszczenie Badania prowadzono w Katedrze Botaniki Akademii Rolniczej w Lublinie w latach próbek miodów pobranych z kilkunastu pasiek okolic Białej Podlaskiej (ryc.l) poddano analizie pyłkowej stosując metodę Louveaux i in. (1970). W osadach miodowych określono udzial pyłku roślin nektarodajnych i nienektarodajnych (wiatropylnych i owadopylnych bez nektarników). Barwy miodów określono na podstawie klucza do barw Maerza i Paula (1950). W badanych próbkach wyróżniono 54 typy ziarn pyłku, wśród których 37 stanowiły rośliny nektarodajne i 17 nienektarodajne (tab. 1). Wśród roślin nektarodajnych najwyższą frekwencję pyłku w miodach wykazały: Brassica napus, Centaurea C)'a1lus, Frangula alnus, Salix 46

11 i Cruciferae, a wśród nienektarodajnych Rumex, Gramineae i Lupinus. W 12-tu miodach stwierdzono obecność nielicznych zarodników grzybów. Trzy spośród badanych miodów określono jako gatunkowe rzepakowe. zawierające % pyłku Brassica napus (ryc.:!a. fot.i). Pozostałe to wielokwiaty (ryc.2b). wśród których wyróżniono po dwa z pożytku Centaurea cyanus 27,0732.0% udziału pyłku. Frangula alnus 22,4+25.3% i Salix 25,2+30,5%. Udział poszczególnych grup roślin pożytkowych w miodach wynosił: rośliny uprawne- 13.0%, drzewa i krzewy - :!9,7%, chwasty - 20,3%. rośliny łąkowe %, rośliny leśne- 7,4%. inne - 3,7%. Badane miody pochodziły z okresu wiosennego i letniego, ich barwa wahała się od jasno kremowej do bursztynowej. Słowa kluczowe: miód, analiza pyłkowa. Biała Podlaska. 47

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