Arch. Min. Sci., Vol. 59 (2014), No 3, p

Arch. Min. Sci., Vol. 59 (2014), No 3, p. 677 690 Electronic version (in color) of this pper is vilble: http://mining.rchives.pl DOI 10.2478/msc-2014-0047 JOLANTA MARCINIAK-KOWALSKA*, TOMASZ NIEDOBA*, AGNIESZKA SUROWIAK*, TADEUSZ TUMIDAJSKI* MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION OF COAL PROPERTIES IN TERMS OF GASIFICATION WIELOKRYTERIALNA OCENA WŁAŚCIWOŚCI WĘGLA W KONTEKŚCIE JEGO ZGAZOWANIA This pper presents comprtive nlysis of two types of col tken from the ZG Jnin nd ZG Wieczorek colmines. The im of this study hs been to nlyze the suitbility of the col in the context of the gsifiction process. The types of col vry considerbly in terms of their chrcteristics. Ech of them ws subjected to tretment in ten-ringed nnulr jig. A prticle size of 0-18 mm constituted the feed. The seprted col ws divided into five lyers, ech of them contining mteril from two dditionl nnulr jigs. Anlysis of their chrcteristics ws crried out for ech of the five lyers nd for both types of col obtined, tking into ccount both their physicochemicl properties s well s chemicl ones. Ech of these chrcteristics ws then presented in three-dimensionl surfce digrms, where the ordinte (or Y-xis) nd bsciss (X-xis) ws the prticle size nd height in which the mteril ended up in the jig (expressed s percentge of the totl height of the device). On the bsis of observtions, it ws found tht the types of col hve different potentil for gsifiction, lthough both types re within the limits specified on the bsis of previous studies. A correltion nlysis between prticle size nd remining chrcteristics of col ws crried out for ech of the lyers, llowing to determine which of the studied chrcteristics induced chnges significnt from the point of view of the col gsifiction process. The entire reserch nd observtion ws supported by conclusions nd findings, which shll form the bsis for further, in-depth nlysis of col. Keywords: col gsifiction, suitbility for gsifiction, multivrite dt nlysis, correltion mtrix Proces zgzowni węgl technologią nziemną jest corz częściej rozwżnym rozwiązniem n cłym świecie. Przyczyną tego stnu jest zrówno kwesti ochrony środowisk, jk i logistyki zgospodrowni produktów przeróbki węgl. Nie inczej jest również w Polsce, gdzie od kilku lt proces zgzowni jest jednym z głównych temtów bdwczych w dziedzinie polskiego górnictw węglowego. Efektem tego jest szereg bdń i doświdczeń, jk również publikcji nukowych. W rtykule dokonno nlizy porównwczej dwóch typów węgl kmiennego, które pobrne były w Zkłdch Górniczych * AGH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF MINING AND GEOENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND MINERAL PROCESSING, AL. MICKIEWICZA 30, 30-059 KRAKÓW. E-mil: jmk@gh.edu.pl, tniedob@gh.edu.pl, sur@gh.edu.pl, tdeusz.tumidjski@gh.edu.pl

678 Jnin (typ węgl 31.2) orz Zkłdch Górniczych Wieczorek (typ węgl 32). Węgle te zncząco się różnią pod względem chrkterystyk. Kżdy z nich zostł poddny rozdziłowi w osdzrce pierścieniowej o 10 pierścienich. Ndwę stnowił węgiel o uzirnieniu 0-18 mm. Rozdzielony węgiel zostł podzielony n 5 wrstw, z których kżd zwierł mterił z dwóch kolejnych pierścieni osdzrki. Dl kżdej z otrzymnych w ten sposób pięciu wrstw dl obu typów węgli dokonno nstępnie nlizy ich chrkterystyk, biorąc pod uwgę zrówno cechy fizykochemiczne, jk i czysto chemiczne. Do tych pierwszych zliczono tkie prmetry, jk zwrtość węgl pierwistkowego, zwrtość popiołu orz ciepło splni, do drugich zś zwrtość zotu, zwrtość chloru, zwrtość sirki orz zwrtość wodoru. Szczegółowe dne dl dwóch skrjnych wrstw przedstwiono w tbelch 1-4. Kżdą z omwinych cech przedstwiono nstępnie n trójwymirowych wykresch powierzchniowych, gdzie osimi rzędnych i odciętych były wielkość zirn orz wysokość, n której znlzł się mterił w osdzrce (wyrżon w procentch wysokości urządzeni). Wykresy te (rys. 1-8) stnowiły bzę do nlizy porównwczej obu węgli pod kątem ich przydtności do procesu zgzowni nziemnego. Wyrźnie widć, że węgle te mją inny potencjł do zgzowni, choć ob typy mieszczą się w grnicch wrtości ogrniczjących (tb. 5), określonych n podstwie wcześniejszych bdń. Nstępnie dokonno jeszcze nlizy korelcji pomiędzy wielkością zirn pozostłymi chrkterystykmi bdnych węgli dl kżdej z wrstw. Wyniki zobrzowno w tbeli 6. Przykłdowo stwierdzono, że: wrz ze wzrostem wielkości ziren w wrstwch zmieniją się ich związki z chrkterystykmi pierwistkowymi węgli (w kolumnch (wrstwch) nstępuje zmin znku współczynnik korelcji orz miry jego istotności); zsdnicze różnice występują dl sirki dl KWK Wieczorek współczynniki te są ujemne, co świdczy o tym, że sirk w tym węglu jest prwdopodobnie sirką orgniczną (w wrstwch njcięższych poziom sirki mleje). Przeciwnie jest w ZG Jnin, gdzie dl njcięższych wrstw zwrtość sirki nie zmieni się (co może być spowodowne znczącym udziłem zrostów pirytowych). Chlor w ZG Jnin koncentruje się zwłszcz w klsch njdrobniejszych niezleżnie od wrstwy. Inczej ukłdją się współczynniki dl ZG Jnin, ich istotność spd dl wrstw njcięższych ilość chloru niezncznie wzrst wrz z wielkością ziren. Stopień uwęgleni w wrstwch njlżejszych rośnie wrz ze wzrostem wielkości ziren dl wrstw njcięższych mleje. Możn powiedzieć, że w KWK Wieczorek tylko osttni wrstw zwier niewielkie zrosty węgl. Anliz współczynników korelcji dl ciepł splni i zwrtości popiołu prowdzi do nlogicznych wniosków (ze względu n nturlne powiązni fizyczne tych włściwości). Współczynniki korelcji pomiędzy wielkością zirn zwrtościmi zotu w obu koplnich ukłdją się podobnie, przy czym zleżności te są brdziej znczące dl węgli z ZG Jnin; dl obu węgli współczynniki są dodtnie dl trzech njlżejszych wrstw i ujemne dl wrstw njcięższych (zot występuje w większych i cięższych kwłkch węgl). N podstwie dokonnych nliz możn stwierdzić, iż ob węgle są dosttecznie dobre by możn je było poddć procesowi zgzowni, choć więcej cech sprzyjjących temu procesowi posid węgiel z KWK Wieczorek. Dlsze bdni w tym spekcie trwją i będą przedmiotem kolejnych publikcji. Słow kluczowe: zgzownie węgl, podtność n zgzownie, wielokryteriln nliz dnych, mcierz korelcji 1. Introduction Col properties trgeted for gsifiction must fulfill number of limittions (Agrwl, 2011; Blschke, 2009; Chmielnik & Tomszewicz, 2012; Borowiecki et l., 2008; Govind & Shh, 1984; Kosminski et l., 2006; Li et l., 2005; Lee et l., 2007; Prk et l., 2011; Seo et l., 2011; Sobolewski et l., 2012; Xu et l., 2012), wherein it is essentil to notice tht they re connected to one nother. Evlution of the suitbility of col for gsifiction should therefore be crried out on multidimensionl bsis using multidimensionl distribution fetures nd sttistics (Jmróz, 2009; 2014; b; Jmróz & Niedob, 2014; Niedob & Jmróz, 2013; Niedob, 2013; 2014; Tumidjski, 1997). It is only nturl tht the nlysis of multidimensionl fetures nd sttistics

679 begins with n nlysis of the densitometry composition of grinded col nd is extended further bsed on the col chrcteristics, especilly the s of the components nd rections to the processing stges. Anlysis of the distribution of col in terms of the so-clled clss-frction is deemed s preliminry informtion in respect of col cpbilities in developing the specific surfce re nd concentrting combustible, voltile nd sh components. Determining the remining properties llows for dditionl distinction of the reltionships of these properties with ech other s well s the forementioned geometricl nd physicl fetures. The pper presents n pproch method to nlyze these issues nd this is documented in the col dtbses of the ZG Jnin nd KWK Wieczorek col mines. The preliminry nlysis ws bsed on the results of the initil seprtion of col in the nnulr jig of the lbortory nlysis of frctions contined in the next nnulr column jig obtined in the course of reserch crried out under the tsk outlined in 2.1.2 on the subject of col clening tests by mechnicl processing, which ws crried out between 2012-13 in the deprtment. The multidimensionl pproch in obtining results llows to evlute the susceptibility of col to gsifiction. This problem hs lredy been the subject of other publictions in the scope of NCBiR project number 23.23.100.8498/R34 entitled Development of col gsifiction technology for highly efficient production of fuels nd energy s prt of strtegic progrm of reserch nd development entitled Advnced technologies in obtining energy (Strugł et l., 2011; 2012). 2. Estblished methods The seprtion of the grinded mteril in the jig proceeds on the bsis of differences in the speed of descent of individul prticles (Brożek & Surowik, 2010; Stępiński 1964; Surowik, 2013; 2014b; Surowik & Brożek, 2014, b). The seprtion of col from the ZG Jnin nd KWK Wieczorek col mines ws crried out using lbortory nnulr jig ring. After jigging, the mteril (from the two djcent rings) ws seprted into lyers, which were spred, then nlyzed for the of elements in clsses nd evluted in terms of het of combustion (in ccordnce with Polish stndrds in force, including PN-80 / G-04512). Seprtion of the mteril lyer llows for the introduction of conventionl vrible, which shll be clled H, specifying the position of prticles (ssocited with the speed of descent of prticles), which will enble the two-dimensionl distribution of prticles (D, H) to be defined, whereby D is rndom vrible representing the prticle size, nd H rndom vrible representing the position of the prticle s frction of the height of the jig column. Such conventionl presenttion of the distribution of the rndom vribles (D, H) will llow for the evlution of prticle concentrtion in the col nd the brekdown of these chrcteristic vlues essentil for gsifiction. Bsed on the literture review it cn be concluded tht: the most importnt chrcteristics of col (the key prmeters) (Sobolewski et l., 2013) directed to the process of surfce gsifiction in pressure rector of the circulting fluidized deposits in CO 2 tmosphere re crbon rection, sh, sulphur, chlorine, melting point of sh nd the viscosity of the resulting slg (Yun et l., 2007). It is worth noting tht the higher of voltile mtter rising from the therml decomposition of col without ir supply is connected with the lower degree of crbonifiction (Krwczykowski et l., 2013; Surowik, 2013; 2013b; 2014);

680 the reduced of nitric oxides nd sulphur in syngs reduces emissions s well s the corrosiveness of devices (Bi et l., 2010; Krwczykowski et l., 2013); fuel properties, prticle size, rectivity nd ctlytic substnce ffect the kinetics of col gsifiction in deposit fluidized gs genertor (Łbojko et l., 2012; Nonk et l., 2013); in order to obtin high-qulity process gs (used s n energy component in IGCC Integrted Gsifiction Combined Cycle systems, or in chemistry s rw mteril) it is necessry to tke dditionl ction in the re of preliminry col clening nd nlyze the possibility of seprting minerls nd undesirble substnces (Pomykł & Mzurkiewicz, 2011; Surowik, 2013). Concentrtes of different qulities re obtined depending on the form of the presence of col contminnts, the degree of clen col comminution, s well s the grvity seprtion method (in this cse, the differences in sedimenttion velocities of prticles in n queous-jig) s cn be seen in Tbles 1-10 (Mrcinik-Kowlsk et l. reserch reports 2012, 2013). Not only hve upgrding curves been used s the min criterion for the effectiveness of the upgrding process (Krwczykowski et l., 2013), but lso comprtive nlysis of primry upgrded col. The grvity seprtion method in elements of col will be possible nd effective if the density of the crbonte substnce contining only the so-clled internl minerl substnce is in the rnge of 1170 to bout 1500 kg/m 3 (Blschke, 2009). 3. Reserch methodology comprtive nlysis of col from ZG Jnin nd KWK Wieczorek 3.1. Preprtion of test mteril nd primry results In order to investigte fossil fuel upgrding intended for the gsifiction process of fluidized lyers of bituminous cols from ZG Jnin (col type 31.2), nd KWK Wieczorek (col type 32) ech of these ws subjected to upgrding in lbortory nnulr jig (of 10 rings 0-18 mm col clss). After seprtion process hs been completed, the mteril ws divided into five lyers (two rings ech) nd ech of them ws then scttered onto sieves into 10 prticle clsses, determining the weight recovery of lyers nd their clsses. Afterwrds, the derived product i.e. prticle clsses, ws subjected to preliminry chemicl nlysis, fter seprtion of nlyticl smples nd technicl nlysis of col for the purpose of chrcterizing the properties ffecting the gsifiction processes. Due to the fct tht this dt formed the chrcteristic bsis of threedimensionl grphs of the col exmined (Figs. 1-8), only the results for the extreme lyers of both col types (Tbles 1-4), which best chrcterize the dispersion in the qulity of the lyers of the seprted col, re presented. In the first 3 lyers, col from ZG Jnin contins less thn 1% sulphur, which is twice s much s col from the KWK Wieczorek colmine. In the cse of nitrogen of col from ZG Jnin, it is bout 1% in four successive lyers, wheres col from KWK Wieczorek hs n verge of more thn 1.5%. In the cse of chlorine of col from ZG Jnin, it is 2 times lower thn tht of ZG Wieczorek. Therefore, it cn be seen tht col from the Wieczorek colmine is more burdensome for the environment in terms of precursors tht cuse cidifiction of the

681 tmosphere (cidic oxides). However, in terms of higher efficiency of col gsifiction, the col from KWK Wieczorek is better becuse it hs higher hydrogen of bove 5%, more thn 80% crbon element nd more thn 32.6 MJ/kg het of combustion. The results summrized in Tbles 1-4 cn be interpreted in three-dimensionl grphs, i.e. designted vribles F(d, h) nd surfces, depending on D nd H, nd prticulr chrcteristics of col. The overview of results shll begin with the nlysis of the physicl properties of col. Primry nlysis of col in lyer I fter jigging ZG Jnin (Mrcinik-Kowlsk et l. reserch report 2012, 2013) TABLE 1 Clss d [mm] Totl sulphur S t [%] Hydrogen H [%] Nitrogen N [%] Chlorine Cl [%] Totl crbon C [%] Het of combustion Q s [kj/kg] Ash A [%] < 1.00 1.20 3.70 0.97 0.134 61.70 24 060 12.90 1.00-2.00 0.84 4.12 1.09 0.111 67.70 26 657 4.30 2.00-3.15 0.83 4.15 1.02 0.122 67.60 26 610 4.40 3.15-5.00 0.83 4.16 1.07 0.105 67.70 26 639 4.80 5.00-6.30 0.83 4.17 1.05 0.099 67.60 26 630 4.60 6.30-8.00 0.82 4.28 1.13 0.096 67.20 26 523 4.80 8.00-10.00 0.78 4.10 1.10 0.084 67.70 26 525 4.10 10.00-12.50 0.93 4.21 1.12 0.079 67.20 26 529 4.90 12.50-16.00 0.82 4.22 1.10 0.099 67.30 26 711 5.40 16.00-18.00 0.87 4.36 1.11 0.10 68.00 27 066 5.00 Primry nlysis of col in lyer V fter jigging ZG Jnin [Mrcinik-Kowlsk et l. reserch report 2012, 2013] TABLE 2 Clss d [mm] Totl sulphur S t [%] Hydrogen H [%] Nitrogen N [%] Chlorine Cl [%] Totl crbon C [%] Het of combustion Q s [kj/kg] Ash Content A [%] < 1.00 2.56 3.44 0.84 0.171 57.90 23 003 13.70 1.00-2.00 1.19 3.88 1.07 0.137 61.90 24 422 10.70 2.00-3.15 3.87 2.58 0.67 0.122 40.30 15 718 38.20 3.15-5.00 4.22 2.47 0.55 0.090 36.10 14 392 42.90 5.00-6.30 5.28 2.45 0.60 0.087 33.70 13 284 46.10 6.30-8.00 2.87 2.47 0.62 0.099 33.30 13 042 47.00 8.00-10.00 3.52 2.56 0.63 0.099 37.00 14 442 41.60 10.00-12.50 5.03 2.83 0.59 0.099 40.20 15 951 38.30 12.50-16.00 2.10 2.71 0.56 0.084 35.90 14 207 44.30 16.00-18.00 2.16 3.29 0.70 0.099 46.20 18 216 32.40

682 Primry nlysis of col in lyer I fter jigging KWK Wieczorek (Mrcinik-Kowlsk et l. reserch report 2012, 2013) TABLE 3 Clss d [mm] Totl sulphur S t [%] Hydrogen H [%] Nitrogen N [%] Chlorine Cl [%] Totl crbon C [%] Het combustion Q s [kj/kg] Ash Content A [%] < 1.00 0.42 4.83 1.5 0.199 77.95 31 493 3.30 1.00-2.00 0.42 4.96 1.62 0.196 80.63 32 423 1.60 2.00-3.15 0.43 5.03 1.58 0.190 80.60 32 502 1.50 3.15-5.00 0.44 5.06 1.58 0.172 80.91 32 741 1.60 5.00-6.30 0.44 5.00 1.64 0.169 80.40 32 632 1.70 6.30-8.00 0.43 5.19 1.60 0.170 80.84 32 737 1.40 8.00-10.00 0.43 5.20 1.58 0.170 80.85 33 009 1.70 10.00-12.50 0.44 5.17 1.57 0.170 81.22 32 724 1.60 12.50-16.00 0.44 5.17 1.65 0.165 80.79 32 707 1.60 16.00-18.00 0.45 5.29 1.64 0.145 79.88 32 515 2.10 Primry nlysis of col in lyer V fter jigging KWK Wieczorek (Mrcinik-Kowlsk et l. reserch report 2012, 2013) TABLE 4 Clss d [mm] Totl sulphur S t [%] Hydrogen H [%] Nitrogen N [%] Chlorine Cl [%] Totl crbon C [%] Het of combustion Q s [kj/kg] Ash A [%] < 1.00 0.54 4.55 1.49 0.296 72.05 29 048 9.60 1.00-2.00 0.44 4.64 1.52 0.156 73.52 29 735 8.20 2.00-3.15 0.69 2.60 0.81 0.097 40.12 15 437 46.40 3.15-5.00 0.31 1.67 0.52 0.057 24.46 8 788 64.80 5.00-6.30 0.34 1.52 0.46 0.036 20.56 7 260 69.30 6.30-8.00 0.26 1.48 0.45 0.028 20.27 7 134 69.10 8.00-10.00 0.22 1.91 0.59 0.069 29.00 10 567 58.90 10.00-12.50 0.39 1.76 0.54 0.049 24.00 8 838 65.40 12.50-16.00 0.28 1.80 0.58 0.075 27.08 9 600 59.80 16.00-18.00 0.53 1.31 0.38 0.366 17.57 5 811 71.40 3.2. Anlysis of the physicochemicl properties of col In proceeding to exmine the distribution of col constituents importnt in terms of gsifiction, it is necessry to py ttention to their cceptble levels. Tble 5 presents set of chrcteristics exmined for the purposes of this rticle nd stndrds by which they should be nlyzed, s well s the permissible levels of chrcteristics exmined. Generlly, these prmeters re divided into key nd significnt fetures (due to gsifiction in pressurized gs genertor with CFB circulting fluidized bed in CO 2 tmosphere). The key fetures include items such s the clorific vlue of over 18000 [kj/kg], sh of less thn 25%, melting point of bove 1373 [K], crbonte rectivity in terms of CO 2 bove 2; in terms of crbon of below 20, chlorine of less thn 0.1%; the Hrdgrove s GrH grinding susceptibility in the rnge of 45-65;

683 sinterbility using the Rog RI method of under 15. Significnt fetures included the of voltile mtter, totl moisture, totl sulphur, crbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxide, i.e., SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3, CO, MgO, P 2 O 5, TiO 2, N 2 O, K 2 O (Sobolewski et l., 2012; 2013). An importnt prmeter for given gs genertor is the pproprite grinding of col, i.e. fuel, since the fluidized rector processes col with prticle size from 0.5 mm to 3 mm (5 mm) (Sobolewski et l., 2012; 2013). Tble 5 shows the vlues only for the relevnt fetures in the experiment. It is worth noting tht the grphs illustrte the full grin composition of upgrded col, tht is with rnge of up to 18 mm. Mteril > 3 mm would be pproprite for gsifiction following proper frgmenttion. Limittions in respect of hrd col designted for the ground gsifiction process for the CFB rector (Sobolewski et l., 2012) TABLE 5 Prmeter [unit] Stndrd Fluidized bed rector Clorific vlue [kj/kg] PN-81/G-04513 > 18 000 Ash [%] PN-80/G-451 PN-G-05460 < 25 PN-ISO 11711 Chlorine [%] PN-G-4534 PN-ISO 587 < 0.1 Hydrogen [%] PN-G-04571:1998 3.5-5.5 Nitrogen [%] PN-G-04571:1998 < 2.0 Crbon element [%] PN-G-04571:1998 > 60 Sulphur [%] PN-04584:2001 < 2.0 ) Fig. 1. F(d, h) Vribles for col: ) ZG Jnin; b) KWK Wieczorek b) ) b) Fig. 2. Surfce col element = f (d, h) for col ) ZG Jnin; b) KWK Wieczorek

684 ) b) Fig. 3. Surfce sh = f(d, h) for col: ) ZG Jnin; b) KWK Wieczorek ) b) Fig. 4. Surfce het of combustion = f(d, h) for col: ) ZG Jnin; b) KWK Wieczorek Density, prticle size nd the ssocited of correlted crbon element, sh nd het of combustion resulting from the lst two, hve been ccepted s physicochemicl properties of col. In nlyzing the vrints F(d, h) of both types of col, it should be noted tht these hve different structure nd texture. Col from KWK Wieczorek contins significntly smller mounts of fine clsses, lrger mounts of lighter frction clsses (with higher crbon ). It is suspected tht col from ZG Jnin is esier to brek up nd cretes lrger pproprite res, relevnt for gsifiction. It cn be sid tht this is the result of lower metmorphistion of col lyers from ZG Jnin. Anlyses of sh nd crbon element (Figs. 2 nd 3) show the fundmentl differences between the two types of col: for lighter frctions, regrdless of their prticle size (besides the finest clss), the sh of col from KWK Wieczorek is twice s low s tht of ZG Jnin, wheres the crbon element of both types of col is high: higher for col from KWK Wieczorek (pproximtely 80%C) nd by bout 10% lower for col from ZG Jnin; in nlyzing the heviest density frctions, it cn be noted tht high crbon element is present in both types of col nd significntly lower in thicker grdes, indicting stone enrichment, which in turn is reflected in the nlysis of the sh in individul corser size frctions of both types of col. the distribution of sh in col in the lst lyer of density (beyond the finest grde) confirms observtions tht there is high concentrtion of sh in the previous lyers (even bove 60%) of col from KWK Wieczorek resulting from its ese of upgrding, while for ZG Jnin the sh is more evenly distributed in the finl three lyers (between 30% nd 50%).

685 Correlting the het of combustion of crbon element s nd sh s cuses the grphic imge to be prcticlly identicl to the imge of crbon element depending on the het of vribles D nd H. Het of combustion vlues for lighter frctions re lower for ZG Jnin thn for KWK Wieczorek nd in both cses independent from the scope of the prticle clss. 3.3. Anlysis of the chemicl distribution of col properties Bsed on previous studies (section 3.2) it cn be stted tht obtining col tht meets the requirements in terms of crbon element, sh nd clorific vlue is not problem, especilly in the cse of KWK Wieczorek. A certin problem my be ensuring pproprite crbon element in ZG Jnin. Figs. 5-8 illustrte the comprison of both types of col in terms of the distribution of their chemicl properties. ) b) Fig. 5. Surfce sulphur = f(d, h) for col: ) ZG Jnin; b) KWK Wieczorek ) b) Fig. 6. Surfce hydrogen = f(d, h) for col: ) ZG Jnin; b) KWK Wieczorek ) b) Fig. 7. Surfce: the nitrogen = f(d, h) for col: ) ZG Jnin; b) KWK Wieczorek

686 ) b) Fig. 8. Surfce: chlorine = f(d, h) for col: ) ZG Jnin; b) KWK Wieczorek In observing the distribution of nitrogen (Fig. 7) it is cler tht both types of col fully comply with the thresholds, whereby the col from ZG Jnin hs lower N distributed very evenly in clsses nd lyers. Also, the distribution of hydrogen in the col does not cuse ny problems. Col from KWK Wieczorek hs significntly lrger distribution of the H. In ZG Jnin the heviest lyers should be removed from the gsifiction process (not only for this reson). In terms of sulphur distribution, the two types of col vry significntly. The sulphur in KWK Wieczorek does not exceed 1%, so there is no reson to tke n interest in this issue. As fr s ZG Jnin is concerned, the heviest lyer, in which sulphur is bound with pyrite, should be removed in order to reduce the sulphur. As fr s the chlorine is concerned, both types of col slightly exceed the stndrds. It seems tht removing the heviest lyers should led to chlorine blnce within the norml limits. 3.4. Anlysis of selected col ccording to the correltion between the test chrcteristics Line correltion coefficients hve been determined between the prticle size nd chrcteristics of cols exmined for ech individul lyer for the purpose of identifying the most importnt reltionships between the prmeters of the col. In this cse, with the significnce level of α = 0.05, the criticl vlue of the correltion coefficient is r kryt = 0.63. The results re presented in Tble 6. Correltion coefficients between prticle size nd other chrcteristics of the exmined col from ZG Jnin nd KWK Wieczorek colmines for ech of the lyers TABLE 6 Sulphur Hydrogen Nitrogen Chlorine Crbon Het of combustion Ash 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ZG Jnin lyer 1 0.33 0.66 0.67 0.65 0.42 0.52 0.34 lyer 2 0.65 0.84 0.60 0.77 0.81 0.83 0.46

687 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 lyer 3 0.64 0.29 0.65 0.85 0.70 0.68 0.49 lyer 4 0.05 0.32 0.36 0.58 0.73 0.68 0.80 lyer 5 0.12 0.32 0.59 0.69 0.52 0.51 0.55 KWK Wieczorek lyer 1 0.33 0.32 0.48 0.45 0.41 0.43 0.40 lyer 2 0.32 0.43 0.21 0.13 0.50 0.51 0.54 lyer 3 0.61 0.60 0.57 0.28 0.52 0.59 0.54 lyer 4 0.70 0.03 0.49 0.23 0.24 0.10 0.09 lyer 5 0.30 0.69 0.68 0.11 0.7 0.69 0.7 When nlyzing the tble of correltion coefficients, the following conclusions cn be mde: with incresing prticle size, the lyers chnge in reltion to the chrcteristics of the crbon element (in columns (lyers), the correltion coefficient symbol nd the mesure of its importnce chnge); fundmentl differences exist for sulphur - in col from KWK Wieczorek these coefficients re negtive, which indictes tht the sulphur in the col is probbly orgnic sulphur (sulphur level decrese in the heviest lyers). This is in contrst to the col from ZG Jnin, in which the sulphur in the heviest lyers does not chnge (which my be due to significnt presence of pyrites). Chlorine contined in col from ZG Jnin is prticulrly concentrted in the smllest clsses regrdless of lyer. The coefficients for col from ZG Jnin re rrnged differently nd their significnce decreses. For the heviest lyers the mount of chlorine slightly increses with prticle size. The degree of crbonifiction increses in the lightest lyers nd decreses in the heviest lyers together with the increse in prticle size. It cn be sid tht only the lst lyer of col from KWK Wieczorek contins minor crbon dhesions. Anlysis of correltion coefficients for het of combustion nd sh leds to nlogicl conclusions (due to the nturl physicl connection of these properties). The correltion coefficients between prticle size nd nitrogen s in the col from the two mines re rrnged similrly, whereby these dependencies re more significnt for col from ZG Jnin. In both types of col the coefficients re positive for the three lightest lyers nd negtive for the heviest lyers (nitrogen is present in bigger nd hevier lumps of col). It cn be ssumed tht extended nlysis of the correltion coefficients between the chrcteristics of col in clsses (correltion between the columns of tbles 1-4) will llow for very precise description of the col types nd their suitbility for gsifiction.

688 4. Summry nd Conclusions The proposed method of evluting the suitbility of col for gsifiction is illustrtive nd offers wide rnge of opportunities to observe the ssocition of col chrcteristics whereby certin vlues re significnt or necessry in fulfilling the conditions in the light of their subsequent surfce gsifiction. The two types of col cn be clerly differentited on the bsis of nlysis. In compring the mesured vlues with those required, it ws stted tht the col from KWK Wieczorek is better in terms of suitbility for gsifiction, bove ll becuse it is chrcterized by higher het of combustion nd the vlues of mesured properties re within the expected rnge. The correltion nlysis lso showed tht it might be worth to consider eliminting the lowest lyers of the mteril in the jig, s they cn potentilly generte the biggest problems during the gsifiction process (especilly in the cse of col from ZG Jnin). The types of col under considertion differ from ech other by ge nd origin. Col from ZG Jnin is younger thn tht from KWK Wieczorek, therefore its components re not fully metmorphosed. Hrd col designted for the gsifiction process in gs genertor s fluidized lyer is rock, which undergoes vrious trnsformtions during the crboniztion process, s the result of which it is chrcterized by vriety of minerl, petrogrphic, chemicl nd structurl compositions. Therefore, there is vriety of minerl nd orgnic crbon components depending on the petrogrphic type. A number of components (sh, sulphur pyrites, crbon elements, het of combustion, nd clorific vlue) is closely relted to the density distribution of crbonceous mteril nd cn esily be isolted by mechnicl processing. In contrst, compounds contining orgnic sulphur, nitrogen, chlorine, hydrogen, re those ssocited with col structure s result of geochemicl, biochemicl nd slinity chnges. Removl of these components is difficult nd requires the use of chemicl methods, in this cse deminerliztion. As multidimensionl nlysis individul primry components presented in the rticle showed, tested col cn esily be clened by grvittionl methods nd the components which correlte with the distribution of density removed. Ash nd pyritic sulphur cn be pssed for hevy frctions (of high density). Crbon elements re concentrted in light frctions nd high het of combustion vlues cn be observed. The Article hs been compiled s result of NCBiR project no. 23.23.100.8498/R34 entitled Development of col gsifiction technology for highly efficient production of fuels nd energy in the scope of tsks 2.1.2 on the subject of reserch on col upgrding through mechnicl processing. between 2012-13 s prt of strtegic progrm of reserch nd development entitled Advnced energy genertion technologies. References Agrwl R.K., 2011. Col gsifiction. [In:] Ro K.R. (ed.): Energy nd power genertion hndbook: Estblished nd emerging technologies, chpter 20. Bi J., Li W., Li Ch-Z, Bi Z., Li B., 2010. Influences of minerl trnsformtion on the rectivity of high temperture chr gsifiction. Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 91, p. 404-409. Blschke W., 2009. Przeróbk węgl kmiennego wzbogcnie grwitcyjne, Krków, Wydwnictwo IGSMiE PAN.

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