LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF THE OUTER CARPATHIAN BORDERLANDS OF POLAND, UKRAINE, SLOVAKIA AND ROMANIA

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1 BIULETYN PAŃSTWOWEGO INSTYTUTU GEOLOGICZNEGO :, 0 R. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF THE OUTER CARPATHIAN BORDERLANDS OF,, SLOAKIA AND ROMANIA KORELACJA LITOSTRATYGRAFICZNA KARPAT ZEWNĘTRZNYCH NA OBSZARACH PRZYGRANICZNYCH POLSKI, SŁOWACJI, UKRAINY I RUMUNII LESZEK JANKOWSKI, ROBERT KOPCIOWSKI, WOJCIECH RYŁKO, ASYL DANYSH, PALO N. TSARNENKO, OLEG HNYLKO Abstract. An attempt was made to correlate the lithostratigraphic units of the Outer Carpathians in Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine. The correlation covered the area presented in the previously published geological maps of the Outer Carpathians between the Biała and Risca rivers. Key words: lithostratigraphic unit correlation, tectonic units, Outer Carpathians. Abstrakt. Wykonano próbę korelacji wydzieleń litostratygraficznych Karpat zewnętrznych dla obszaru Polski, Rumunii, Słowacji oraz Ukrainy. Korelacja obejmuje obszary przedstawione na wydanych wcześniej mapach geologicznych Karpat zewnętrznych, między rzekami Białą a Risca. Słowa kluczowe: korelacja jednostek litostratygraficznych, jednostki tektoniczne, Karpaty zewnętrzne. INTRODUCTION The study complements the maps of part of the Outer Carpathians arc from the Biała River meridian to the northern part of the Romanian Carpathians (Jankowski et al., eds., 00; Jankowski et al., eds., 00) (Fig. ). The main objective is an attempt to correlate coeval facies and, if possible, tectonic units (Fig. ). The essence of field observations and correlation work carried out in the neighbouring countries was to identify individual geological sections, to determine the meaning of lithostratigraphic terms and to determine the facies character of a number of members and formations. The correlation between the sections was conducted not only within the individual units that directly continue in the border areas. The study also covered the units that have no equivalents in the Polish Carpathians, but they occur in Ukraine or Romania. The basis for the observations and correlations were mainly mapping materials and own observations of the authors. The remarks, which are included in the study and concern the development of depositional systems and the nature and course of tectonic units (sometimes controversial and different from traditional), are own views of the authors. They are Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział Karpacki, Skrzatów, -0 Kraków; leszek.jankowski@pgi.gov.pl; robert.kopciowski@pgi.gov.pl; wojciech.rylko@pgi.gov.pl National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Materials, Lviv

2 Leszek Jankowski et al. P O L A N D A B ROMANIA U K R A I N E Fig.. Area of investigation A area mapped on Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: borderlands of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia (Jankowski et al., eds., 00); B area mapped on Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: borderland of Ukraine and Romania (Jankowski et al., eds., 00) Obszar badań Obszar przedstawiony na mapach: A Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: borderlands of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia (Jankowski et al., eds., 00); B Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: borderland of Ukraine and Romania (Jankowski et al., eds., 00) based primarily on the results of field observations in the area extending from the Outer Carpathians to the borders of the Pieniny Klippen Belt that is the southern border of the study area. The first step included the development of two cartographic projects covering the eastern part of the Polish Carpathians, Slovak and Ukrainian Carpathians (Jankowski et al., eds., 00) and part of the Romanian Carpathians (Jankowski et al., eds., 00). The report:,,geological map of the Outer Carpathians; borderland of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia : was carried out in association with the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals in Lviv and Technical University Košice, Department of Geology and Mineralogy in Košice and Geological Survey of Slovak Republic. The following materials were used: maps of the Polish Outer Carpathians, scale : (Ślączka, Żytko, ; Nescieruk et al., ; Gucik et al., 0) and mapsheets of the Detailed Geological Map of Poland, scale :0 000 (Cieszkowski, Ślączka, Zuchiewicz, ; Węcławik, Wójcik, ; Kopciowski et al., a, b; Jankowski, b; Malata et al., ; Haczewski et al., ; Kopciowski, 000). Maps of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Shakin et al., ; Gavura, Danysh et al., unpubl.) and Slovak (Leško, ed., ; Matejka, ed., ; Korab, ; Nemčok, b Poland d e a Slovakia c a BD T PR c d H b U k r a i n e ShZ 0 km S a b 0 PB Romania Fig.. Geological sketch of Outer Carpathians: borderlands of Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania Carpathian Foredeep; Folded Miocene; Boryslav-Pokuttya ; Skole ; Węglówka (Holâtyn) ; Silesian ; a, b, c Dukla ; a, b, c, d, e ; a, b Chornohora ; 0 Burkut, Audia ; Krasnoshora ; Sukhiv ; Rakhiv ; Maramureş, Dragovo ; Pieniny Klippen Belt; Subbucovinian, Bucovinian units; Neogene volcanic rocks; PB Poiana Botizii; H Holâtyn; S Shopurka; BD Brzegi Dolne; PR Polonina Runa; L Luta; ShZ Shopurka zone (Jasinia Kosiv zone); T Turka, Sn Snina Szkic geologiczny Karpat zewnętrznych: obszary przygraniczne Polski, Ukrainy, Słowacji i Rumunii przedgórze Karpat; utwory miocenu sfałdowane; jednostka borysławsko-pokucka; jednostka skolska; jednostka Węglówki (Holatyn); jednostka śląska; a, b, c jednostka dukielska; a, b, c, d, e jednostka magurska; a, b jednostka czarnohorska; 0 jednostka Audia (Burkut); jednostka krasnoszorska; jednostka suchowska; jednostka rachowska; jednostka marmaroska (drahowska); pieniński pas skałkowy; jednostki subbukowińskie i bukowińskie; neogeńskie skały wulkaniczne; PB Poiana Botizii; H Holatyn; S Shopurka; BD Brzegi Dolne; PR Polonina Runa; L Luta; ShZ strefa Shopurki (strefa Jasinia-Kosów), T Turka, Sn Snina

3 Lithostratigraphic correlation of the Outer Carpathian borderlands of Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania 0) Carpathians were also utilized. The project Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: borderlands of Ukraine and Romania was carried out in association with the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals in Lviv and University of Bucharest. Maps of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Shakin et al., ; Gavura et. al., unpubl.) and Romanian Carpathians (Gherasi et al., ; Popoescu, Mirauta, ; Patrulius et al., ; Joja et al., ; Alexandrescu et al., and Mirauta, ) were used. CORRELATION OF LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS Several previous mapping projects were made with the neglect of the complex data from Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania (Fig. ). The present study presents the correlation of data from the whole study area. The above-listed maps and correlation of lithostratigraphic sections should be considered jointly. The attempt of correlation is not limited only to the border areas. Studies and observations were carried out throughout the whole area of the Ukrainian Carpathians and the northern part of the Romanian Carpathians, which allowed for a summary and comparison of sections of the units that are more distant from the Ukraine/Romania border, and which often show different facies types and are related to different depositional systems. The gathered information is only a prelude to further research on the sedimentary basin analysis of the Carpathians, which should be extended to the whole area of the so-called Flysch Carpathians to fully reconstruct the history of events in the basin. The results of the correlation in that area are presented in Figure. The numbers given in the lithostratigraphic sections denote lithostratigraphic units used in the maps in individual countries. The colours and hatching used in the maps represent deposits similar in facies type (e.g. variegated shales) or belonging to the same depositional system (Burkut and Krasnoshora sandstones, and Chornohora Beds). The paper intentionally does not provide precise lithostratigraphical and facies descriptions because of the enormity of the material, which requires a separate study. Detailed lithostratigraphical and facies description will be presented by the authors in a forthcoming publication called Lithostratigraphic glossary of the flysch Carpathians of Austria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine. The aim of the analysis is to reconstruct the entire depositional systems and to place the individual facies elements within the systems. Taking into account the problems associated with the ongoing formalization of the lithostratigraphic members in the Carpathians, their continuation (especially on the emergence of sequence stratigraphic techniques and the necessity of revising the concept of formation) requires reconsideration. In this study, the names of members and formations, traditionally used and common in geological literature, are assumed as a basis for correlation. They are known especially to the Polish reader. A major hurdle for both correlating and implementing the map was sometimes a different treatment of the concepts relating to the lithostratigraphic members (their boundaries or age ranges) in different countries. An example of differences in the classification is the term svita used in Ukraine, which has no meaning equivalent in Poland, Slovakia and Romania. Another problem, both for the construction of the map of borderland areas and for the compilation of the correlation, is the lack of geological maps on a scale more accurate than : (unavailable and often classified maps of the Ukrainian Carpathians at the scale of : 0 000). In addition, there are many views (Danysh, Tsarnenko pers. comm.) on the course and classification of some tectonic elements (e.g. the view on the trend and extent of the Dukla in Ukraine). In many cases, the previously made correlation was random. Apart from the above examples, the main difficulties were encountered during partial correlation of the Oligocene Miocene units, especially of the Krosno facies. The main reason is the lack of facies analysis of the Krosno basin covering large part of the Carpathians. An additional problem is that the boundaries between tectonic elements are not defined and the shear zones are not mapped. The correlation is based on field observations and literature data and points to the need to perform a basin analysis and to determine the areas of deposition of many lithostratigraphic members. The information gathered by the authors is the basis for further development in the form of an atlas of the Outer Carpathians.

4 0 Leszek Jankowski et al. Late alanginian Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Central Carpathian Paleogene Ostrysz Beds Chochołów Beds Zakopane Beds Szaflary Beds Nummulite limestones Pieniny Klippen Belt Jarmuta Beds Puchov Marls Rača Subunit: Malcov Beds Menilite Beds Globigerina Marls Magura Muscovite Sandstone (Poprad Sandstone) Hieroglyphic Beds ariegated Shales SLOAKIA Central Carpathian Paleogene Biely Potok Beds Zuberec Beds Huty Beds Globigerina Marls Borove Beds Pieniny Klippen Belt Jarmuta Beds Puchov Marls Rača Subunit: Malcov Beds Menilite Beds Globigerina Marls Magura Muscovite Sandstone (Makovica Sandstone) Beloveža Beds SLOAKIA ROMANIA Dragovo-Petrova Maramureş Magura Central Carpathian Paleogene Magura Maramureşh and East Carpathian Paleogene and Neogene East Carpathian Paleogene and Neogene Central Carpathian Paleogene (Podhale Flysch) Dobrativka Beds, Bashivska Beds, Teresva Beds Terebla Beds Malcov Beds Menilite Beds Drahiv Beds elykyi Banski Beds Metova Beds Shopurka Beds Conglomerates 0 Yarmuta Beds Pukhiv Marls Soimul Conglomerates Rača Subunit ROMANIA Dragovo-Petrova and East Carpathian Paleogene and Neogene Conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones Evaporite Hida Beds Borşa Beds alea Carelor Beds, Wild Flysch Prislop Conglomerates, Birgau Conglomerates Strîmtura Sandstones Tocila Beds Petrova Beds 0 Conglomerates Puchov Marls Birnadu Conglomerates, Ceahlău Conglomerates Pieniny type facies : : : : : Rača Subunit : Pieniny Klippen Belt Pieniny Klippen Belt 0 0 Fig.. Correlation of lithostratigraphic units (pages 0 ) Korelacja jednostek litostratygraficznych (strony 0 ) Up. Jurassic Lower Cretaceous U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s P aleocene Oligocene

5 Lithostratigraphic correlation of the Outer Carpathian borderlands of Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania alanginian Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Rakhiv ROMANIA Sukhiv Burkut Krasnoshora Chornohora Ceahlău Teleajen Skupiv Subunit Hoverla Subunit 0 Rakhiv : ovchyi Beds Rakhiv Beds Sukhiv : Teresova Sandstones Sukhiv Beds Biela Tysa Beds Bohdan Conglomerates Bronka Conglomerates Burkut : Burkut Sandstones Upper Shypit Beds Lower Shypit Beds Krasnoshora : Krasnoshora Sandstones Tarnicora Sandstones Yalovets Beds Upper Shypit Beds Lower Shypit Beds Chornohora Hoverla Subunit: Chornohora Beds Yalovets Beds Upper Shypit Beds Lower Shypit Beds Skupiv Subunit: Transition Beds Menilite Beds Parodtsyn Beds Topilche Beds ariegated Shales Hnylets Beds Skupiv Beds Yalovets Beds Upper Shypit Beds 0 Lower Shypit Beds ROMANIA Ceahlău : Birnadu Conglomerates Ceahlău Conglomerates Bistra Beds Sinaia Beds Teleajen : Prisaca (Şiriu) Beds ariegated Shales Corbu Beds Conglomerates Toroclej Beds Plăieşti Beds Audia Audia : Prisaca Beds ariegated Beds Audia Beds Sinaia Beds Up. Jurassic Lower Cretaceous U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s Paleocene Oligocene

6 Leszek Jankowski et al. alanginian Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian SLOAKIA SLOAKIA SLOAKIA Kochanov Subunit Krynica Subunit Bystrica Subunit Rača Subunit SLOAKIA Kohanov (Čergov, Krynica) Subunit: Malcov Beds Menilite Beds Globigerina Marls Hanuszów Shales Strihov Sandstones Beloveža Beds Čergov Conglomerates Krynica Subunit: Malcov Beds Menilite Beds (Smereczek Beds) Globigerina Marls (Mniszek Marls) Hanuszów Shales Piwniczna Sandstones Zarzecze Beds Krynica Conglomerates ariegated Shales Inoceramian Beds 0 Szczawina Sandstones Malinowa (Cebula) Shales Krynica Subunit: Menilite Beds Sheshory Marls ariegated Shales Žlin Beds Beloveža Beds SLOAKIA Bystrica Subunit: Malcov Beds Menilite Beds Globigerina Marls Piwniczna Sandstones Žlin Beds Beloveža Beds Bystrica Subunit: Malcov Beds Menilite Beds (Smereczek Beds) Globigerina Marls (Mniszek Marls) Jazowsko Beds Maszkovice Sandstones Łącko Marls Beloveža Beds Łabowa Beds Inoceramian Beds 0 Szczawina Sandstones Malinowa (Cebula) Shales Bystrica Subunit: Menilite Beds Sheshory Marls ariegated Shales Žlin Beds Beloveža Beds SLOAKIA Rača Subunit: Žlin Beds Malcov Beds Menilite Beds Globigerina Marls Makovica Sandstones Beloveža Sandstones Łupków Beds Szczawina Sandstones Malinowa (Cebula) Shales Rača Subunit: Malcov Beds Menilite Beds Globigerina Marls Magura Muscovite Sandstone (Poprad Sandstone) Submagura Beds Hieroglyphic Beds Łabowa Shales Inoceramian Beds Szczawina Sandstones 0 Malinowa (Cebula) Shales Rača Subunit: Žlin Beds Beloveža Beds Up. Jurassic Lower Cretaceous U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s Paleocene Oligocene

7 Lithostratigraphic correlation of the Outer Carpathian borderlands of Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania alanginian Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian SLOAKIA SLOAKIA SLOAKIA Dukla Siary Subunit Papin Subunit SLOAKIA Siary Subunit (in Slovakia included to the Rača Subunit): Žlin Beds Beloveža Beds Łupków Beds Siary Subunit: Gładyszów Beds Supramagura Beds (Budzów Beds) Magura Glauconite Sandstone (Wątkowa Sandstones) Submagura Beds (Zembrzyce Beds) Łabowa Beds Ciężkowice Sandstones Mutne Sandstones Inoceramian Beds Siary Subunit in Ukraine included to the Rača Subunit Žlin Beds Beloveža Beds SLOAKIA Papin Subunit: Papin Beds Hieroglyphic Beds and ariegated Shales Łupków Beds Papin Subunit: Papin Beds Hieroglyphic Beds and ariegated Shales Inoceramian Beds SLOAKIA Dukla : Cergowa Beds Menilite Beds Kliwa Sandstones Cergowa Sandstones Papin Beds Mszanka Beds Globigerina Marls Submenilite Beds Bukovec Sandstones 0 Cisna Sandstones Łupków Beds Dukla : Krosno Beds Transition Beds Menilite Beds, Grybów Marls Cergowa Sandstone Mszanka Sandstones Globigerina Marls Hieroglyphic Beds and Green Shales Przybyszów Sandstones ariegated Shales 0 Wielka Rawka Sandstones Majdan Beds Cisna Sandstones Łupków Beds Dukla : Maly yžyn Beds Transition Beds Menilite Beds, Dusyno Marls Turica Beds Cergova Sandstone Sheshory Marls Sil Beds Stavne Sandstones ariegated Shales 0 Strikhava Beds Luta Sandstones, Upper elykyi Bereznyi Beds Lower elykyi Bereznyi Beds Yalovets Shales Shypit Beds Up. Jurassic Lower Cretaceous U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s Paleocene Oligocene

8 Leszek Jankowski et al. alanginian Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Silesian Svydovets Soimul Subunit Krosno W part E part Turka Subunit Silesian Upper Krosno Beds shales member Upper Krosno Beds sandstone shale member, Niebylec Shales Ostre Sandstones Gorlice Beds Lower Krosno Beds sandstones (Lesko Sandstones) Lower Krosno Beds sandstone shale member Jasło Limestone Lower Krosno Beds (Otryt Sandstones) Zatwarnica Beds 0 Transition Beds Menilite Beds Globigerina Marls Green Shales Hieroglyphic Beds ariegated Shales Ciężkowice Sandstones Upper Istebna Beds shales Upper Istebna Beds sandstones Lower Istebna Beds shales 0 Lower Istebna Beds sandstones Godula Beds ariegated Shales Lgota Beds Werowice Beds Grodziszcze Sandstones Cieszyn Beds Svydovets : eretskyi Beds Menilite Beds Sheshory Marls Uharock Beds Bobruk Beds ariegated Shales Urdyn Beds Lolyn Beds Yalovets Beds 0 Upper Shypit Beds Lower Shypit Beds Krosno : Soimul Subunit western part Olistostromes Krosno Beds Olistostromes Jasło Limestone Krosno Beds (Otryt Sandstones) Bukowiec Member eretskyi Beds Menilite Beds Soimul Subunit eastern part Krosno Beds eretskyi Beds Menilite Beds Sheshory Marls Hieroglyphic Beds and ariegated Shales Topilche Sandstones Urdyn Beds (Smoshe Beds) Turka Subunit Krosno Beds shales member Krosno Beds sandstones and shales member Krosno Beds sandstones Menilite Beds Sheshory Marls Hieroglyphic Beds and ariegated Shales Urdyn Beds Holâtyn Marls Upper Shypit Beds Upper Jurassic L o w e r C r e t a c e o u s Upper Cretaceous Paleocene O l i g o c e n e

9 Lithostratigraphic correlation of the Outer Carpathian borderlands of Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania Subsilesian (Holâtyn ) O l i g o c e n e L o w e r C r e t a c e o u s Upper Cretaceous Paleocene alanginian 0 Upper Jurassic Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Subsilesian : Krosno Beds, shales member Krosno Beds, sandstones and shales member Krosno Beds sandstones Transition Beds Menilite Beds ariegated Shales Węglówka Marls Godula Beds Godula ariegated Shales 0 Gaize Beds Lgota Beds Werowice Beds Grodziszcze Beds Werowice Beds Cieszyn Beds (Holâtyn area) Subsilesian : Transition Beds Menilite Beds ariegated Shales and Węglówka Marls Shypit Beds

10 Leszek Jankowski et al. Lower Cretaceous Upper Cretaceous P a l e o c e n e O l i g o c e n e alanginian ROMANIA Skole 0 Skole 0 Tarcău 0 Skole Leszczawka Diatomites Upper Krosno Beds, shales member Upper Krosno Beds, sandstones and shales member Niebylec Shales Lower Krosno Beds Transition Beds Łopianiec Beds Menilite Beds, Kliwa Sandstones Jasło Limestone 0 Dynów Marlsand Cherts Siedliska Conglomerates Boryslav Sandstones Subcherts Beds Globigerina Marls Popeli Beds Pasichna Beds Hieroglyphic Beds ariegated Shales Bircza Limestones 0 Babica Clays Inoceramian Beds Węgierka Marls Makówka Debrites Leszczyny Sandstones (Inoceramian Beds) Kropiwnik Marls Hołownia Marls Radiolarite Shales Upper Spas Beds Lower Spas Beds Skole : Polanitsia Beds Krosno Beds Menilite Beds, Kliwa Sandstones Upper Cherts Łopianiec Beds Jasło Limestone Lower Cherts Subchert Marls Sheshory Marls 0 Popeli Beds Bystrytsia Beds Pasichna Beds ytkivtsi Beds, Bytkiv Beds yhoda Sandstones Maniava Beds Yamne Sandstones Bytkiv Beds Yaremche Beds Stryi Beds 0 Hołownia Marls Ilemka Beds Spas Beds ROMANIA Tarcău : Lower Gipsum Slon Beds Upper Menilite Beds Slon Beds ineţişu Beds Fusaru Sandstones Kliwa Sandstones Lower Menilite Beds Globigerina Marls, Lucăceşti Sandsones 0 Podu Secu Beds Tarcău Sandstones Straja Beds Hongazu Beds Hangu Beds Lupchianu Beds Audia Beds

11 Lithostratigraphic correlation of the Outer Carpathian borderlands of Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania Boryslav Pokuttya Boryslav Pokuttya ROMANIA Marginal Folds Oligocene Paleocene Upper Cretaceous 0 0 Lower Cretaceous alanginian Boryslav-Pokuttia : orotyscha Beds Menilite Beds Popeli Beds Pasichna Beds Hieroglyphic Beds ariegated Shales Inoceramian Beds Boryslav-Pokuttya : Balychi Beds Stebnyk Beds Dobrotiv Beds Sloboda Conglomerates orotyscha Beds Polanitsia Beds Rusiv Conglomerates Menilite Beds, Boryslav Sandstones Popeli Beds 0 Bystrytsia Beds Pasichna Beds ytkivtsi Beds yhoda Sandstones Maniava Beds Bytkiv Beds Yamne Sandstones Yaremche Beds Stryi Beds ROMANIA Marginal Folds: Doftana Beds Brebu Conglomerates Salt Beds Slon Beds Gypsum Beds (Gura Soimului Beds, Gura Misina Beds) Upper Menilite Beds Kliwa Sandstones Lower Menilite Beds Globigerina Marls, Lucăceşti Sandsones 0 Bisericani Beds Doamna Beds Jgheabu Marls Greşu Beds Piatra Uscata Beds, Caşin Beds Lepşa Beds

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