Pteridological field trip in the Woliñski National Park and its neighborhood

Transkrypt

1 131 Pteridological-field-trip-in-the-Woliñski-National-Park 131 Pteridological field trip in the Woliñski National Park and its neighborhood BARTOSZ KASPERKOWICZ Woliñski National Park, Niepodleg³oœci 3a, PL Miêdzyzdroje, Introduction The island of Wolin is situated in the most north-western part of Poland. In physico-geographical division, it is a part of the mezoregion of Uznam and Wolin Islands, Coastland of Szczecin subprovince and Southern Baltic Coastland province (Kondracki 2001). In the geobotanical division, it is situated in the Baltic Seaside and Coastland divisions, the Baltic subprovince and in the Central European Lowland and Highland province (Paw³owski 1977). Environmental conditions and a well-preserved plant cover is protected in the Woliñski National Park created in Protected area is placed in the north-western part of the island of Wolin. Nowadays it covers km 2 and includes postglacial and seaside elements: moraines, the highest cliffs of Polish seaside (the Góra Gosañ Mt 93 m a.s.l.), a part of the delta of the Œwina river, beach and 1 sea mile wide belt of the Baltic Sea. Due to morphological variability of the terrain and high influence of atlantic climate, flora and vegetation of this area are unique in Poland. Vascular flora of the Woliñski National Park consists of about 900 species. Mild and humid climate is favorable for ferns and allies species. The Island of Wolin was visited by Polish pteridologists during the Second Polish Pteridological Workshop Genus Polypodium L. in Poland, which was organized by the Pteridological Section and the Poznañ division of the Polish Botanical Society. We made a special focus on the polypody (genus Polypodium L.). Kasperkowicz B Pteridological field trip in the Woliñski National Park and its neighborhood. In: E. Szczêœniak, E. Gola (eds), Genus Polypodium L. in Poland. Polish Botanical Society, Wroc³aw, p

2 132 Bartosz-Kasperkowicz 132 According to Mirek et al. (2002), the genus Polypodium L. is represented in Poland by 2 species: P. vulgare L. and P. interjectum Shivas. The first one is very common, occurs throughout Poland, while the second species was recorded from neighborhood of Szczecin, but not confirmed (Rutkowski 2005). The hybrid of both species P. mantoniae Rothm. was discovered near Miêdzyzdroje by El ebieta Zenteler in The occurrence of this taxon was the main reason to organize the workshop in the Research Station of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Bia³a Góra near Miêdzyzdroje. The route of excursion Four stands were visited during two pteridological field-trips (Fig. 1). All described places are situated in the Wolin Island. Fig. 1. Location of stands of pteridological field-trips. Ryc. 1. Lokalizacja punktów wycieczki pteridologicznej.

3 133 Pteridological-field-trip-in-the-Woliñski-National-Park A cliff of the Kawcza Góra Mt near Miêdzyzdroje Pteridoflora: Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs, Polypodium vulgare L., P. mantoniae Rothm., Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, A patch of acid pine forest covering northern slope of the sandy cliff is a habitat of Polypodium vulgare and P. mantoniae. Both taxa form there dense mats, often occur together and develop very variable leaves. 2. Educational trail Ferns Œcie ka edukacyjna Paprocie Pteridoflora: Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth., Dryopteris carthusiana, D. cristata (L.) A. Grey, D. dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray, D. filix-mas (L.) Schott, D. ambrosae Fraser-Jenk. et Jermy (D. expansa D. dilatata), Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman, Ophioglossum vulgatum L., Osmunda regalis L., Pteridium aquilinum. This very interesting educational trail is located in a delta of the Œwina River, near the border of the Woliñski National Park. The trail presents swamp alder forest of the Ribeso nigri-alnetum Sol. Górn. (1975) 1987 association, a complex of wet meadows and rushes, and damp oak-birch forest of the Betulo- Quercetum roboris R.Tx association. A character element of forests is a subatlanctic species Lonicera periclymenum L., very vigorous and forming dense covers on the bottom of forests, on shrubs and tree trunks. The most interesting and valuable is a big population of the royal fern Osmunda regalis (Fig. 2, 3). It consists of ca specimens; plants are vigorous, regularly producing spores. Gametophytes and young sporophytes are also present. Osmunda regalis occurs there in the damp forest Ribeso nigri-alnetum developing on abandoned wet meadows and pastures, and in damp oak-birch Betulo-Quercetum. Grazing and mowed meadows are habitats of a numerous population of Ophioglossum vulgatum and very rare fern Dryopteris cristata noted only in the most dump area. 3. Wapnica Pteridoflora: Athyrium filix-femina, Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw., Dryopteris carthusiana, D. dilatata, D. filix-mas, Equisetum arvense L., Ophioglossum vulgatum, Polypodium vulgare, Pteridium aquilinum. Small, abandoned opencast chalk pit is covered by dry to wet grasslands with orchids Listera ovata (L.) R. Br., Dactylorhiza sp., Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz. and shrubs communities of the Rhamno-Prunetea Rivas-Goday et Garb class. An open part of working is a habitat of Ophioglossum vulgatum and Botrychium lunaria. The first species occurs in wet parts of the area on impervious to water substratum, the second one is associated with grasslands and a place of abandoned bonfire.

4 134 Bartosz-Kasperkowicz 134 Fig. 2. Osmunda regalis L. in swamp alder forest of the Ribeso nigri-alnetum Sol. Górn. (1975) 1987 association (photo E. Szczê niak). Ryc. 2. Osmunda regalis L. w olesie Ribeso nigri-alnetum Sol. Górn. (1975) 1987 (fot. E. Szczê niak). Fig. 3. Participants of the trip on educational trail Ferns cie ka edukacyjna Paprocie (photo T. Kubala). Ryc. 3. Uczestnicy wycieczki na cie ce edukacyjnej Paprocie (fot. T. Kubala).

5 135 Pteridological-field-trip-in-the-Woliñski-National-Park 135 The Turquoise Lake (the Turkusowe Jeziorko Lake) is another abandoned chalk pit. The excavation is covered by water nowadays. The lake is 21.2 m deep and water surface is situated at 2.6 m a.s.l. The majority of vegetation developed around the lake is degraded and represents different phases of regeneration; small patches of fertile beech forest with Dentaria bulbifera L. and acidophilous beech forest of the ass. Luzulo pilosae-fagetum Mat. et Mat survived. Loamy cliffs of working are habitats of very variable forms of Polypodium vulgare. 4. Grodno Pteridoflora: Athyrium filix-femina, Dryopteris carthusiana, D. filix-mas, Polypodium vulgare, Pteridium aquilinum. Low but steep cliffs are covered by shrubs and forest communities: a community Salix caprea-populus tremula, remnants of Atlantic birch-oak forests BetuloQuercetum with Lonicera periclymenum and cultivations of Pinus sylvestris L. with Empetrum nigrum L., Vaccinum myrtillus L., V. vitis-idaea L, and an orchid Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. At the bases of cliffs, dunes with different stages of vegetation succession are developed. In various habitats occurring there, very variable forms of Polypodium vulgare (Fig. 4), including those with extraordinary big leaves (more than 50 cm long) are present. Fig. 4. Polypodium vulgare L. on a cliff near the Baltic seaside (photo T. Kubala). Ryc. 4. Polypodium vulgare L. na nadba³tyckim klifie (fot. T. Kubala).

6 136 Bartosz-Kasperkowicz 136 References KONDRACKI J Geografia regionalna Polski. Pañstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, 441 pp. MIREK Z., PIÊKOŒ-MIRKOWA H., ZAJ C A., ZAJ C M Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland a checklist. In: MIREK Z. (ed.), Biodiversity of Poland. 1. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, 442 pp. PAW OWSKI B Szata roœlinna Polski Ni owej. In: SZAFER W., ZARZYCKI K. (eds), Szata roœlinna Polski. II. Pañstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, p Pteridologiczna wycieczka w Woliñskim Parku Narodowym i jego s¹siedztwie Wyspa Wolin le y na pó³nocno-zachodnim krañcu Polski. Dobrze zachowana szata roœlinna jest chroniona w obrêbie Woliñskiego Parku Narodowego, utworzonego w 1960 r. i obejmuj¹cego obecnie 109,37 km 2. Ochron¹ objête s¹ formy postglacjalne i wybrze e Ba³tyku: moreny, najwy sze w Polsce klify (Góra Gosañ 93 m n.p.m.), czêœæ delty Œwiny, pla a i pas Morza Ba³tyckiego o szerokoœci 1 mili morskiej. Ukszta³towanie terenu i wp³yw klimatu atlantyckiego powoduj¹, e flora Parku jest unikalna w skali kraju. Obecnie wystêpuje tu ok. 900 gatunków roœlin naczyniowych. agodny i wilgotny klimat sprzyja wystêpowaniu paproci, wid³aków i skrzypów. W trakcie wycieczek pterydologicznych odwiedzono cztery stanowiska: 1. Klif Kawczej Góry ko³o Miêdzyzdrojów Pteridoflora: Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs, Polypodium vulgare L., P. mantoniae Rothm., Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. P³at kwaœnego boru sosnowego, rozwiniêtego na pó³nocnym stoku klifu, siedlisko Polypodium vulgare i P. mantoniae. Oba taksony rosn¹ tu w gêstych matach, czêsto wystêpuj¹c razem i wykszta³caj¹c zró nicowane liœcie. 2. Œcie ka edukacyjna Paprocie Pteridoflora: Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth., Dryopteris carthusiana, D. cristata (L.) A. Grey, D. dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray, D. filix-mas (L.) Schott, D. ambrosae Fraser- Jenk. et Jermy (D. expansa D. dilatata), Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman, Ophioglossum vulgatum L., Osmunda regalis L., Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. Bardzo interesuj¹ca œcie ka edukacyjna poprowadzona w delcie Œwiny, na granicy Woliñskiego Parku Narodowego i Nadleœnictwa Miêdzyzdroje. Prowadzi przez siedliska podmok³ych lasów i ³¹k. Najcenniejszym obiektem jest du a (ok roœlin) populacja

7 137 Pteridological-field-trip-in-the-Woliñski-National-Park 137 Osmunda regalis, ywotna i odnawiaj¹ca siê. Koszone podmok³e ³¹ki trzêœlicowe s¹ siedliskiem licznej populacji Ophioglossum vulgatum. 3. Wapnica Pteridoflora: Athyrium filix-femina, Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw., Dryopteris carthusiana, D. dilatata, D. filix-mas, Equisetum arvense L., Ophioglossum vulgatum, Polypodium vulgare L., Pteridium aquilinum. Ma³e, porzucone wyrobisko kredowe, pokryte roœlinnoœci¹ trawiast¹, od suchej po wilgotn¹. W czêœci otwartej wystêpuj¹ tu Ophioglossum vulgatum (czêœæ wilgotna) i Botrychium lunaria (g³ównie w miejscu dawnego ogniska). Turkuswe Jeziorko to g³êbokie wyrobisko po pozyskiwaniu kredy, zalane wod¹. Roœlinnoœæ jest zniekszta³cona, obecnie podlega procesowi regeneracji. Gliniaste œciany wyrobiska s¹ siedliskiem bardzo ró norodnych form morfologicznych Polypodium vulgare. 4. Grodno Pteridoflora: Athyrium filix-femina, Dryopteris carthusiana, D. filix-mas, Polypodium vulgare, Pteridium aquilinum. Niskie, lecz strome klify s¹ pokryte krzewiastymi zaroœlami i lasami o zró nicowanym sk³adzie. W ró norodnych siedliskach wykszta³ci³y siê tutaj ró ne formy morfologiczne Polypodium vulgare, w tym nadzwyczaj du e, o d³ugoœci liœci przekraczaj¹cej 50 cm.