Archives of Mining Sciences 51, Issue 3 (2006)

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1 Archives of Mining Sciences 51, Issue 3 (2006) ZBIGNIEW KASZTELEWICZ* THE UNIVERSAL METHOD OF DEPOSIT MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMING IN MULTI-PIT LIGNITE OPENCAST MINES. PART II UNIWERSALNA METODA PROGRAMOWANIA ZAGOSPODAROWANIA ZŁÓŻ W WIELOODKRYWKOWEJ KOPALNI WĘGLA BRUNATNEGO. CZĘŚĆ II The aim of the study is to reveal the need for the methodology of deposit management in multi-pit mines as well as to elaborate a method of strategic deposit management programming in such plants. The issue is not widely recognized in the part concerning the methodology of prospective deposit management programming in multi-pit mines. A general model of the method described in the work determines the following sequence of solving the research problems: 1. Elaboration of strategy for fuel-energy sector development. 2. Creation of a multi-pit mine model. 3. Determination of prospective deposits management sequence. 4. Adoption of the exploitation technology and final providing the open cast mines with excavators and stackers. The elaborated method of deposit programming in multi-pit lignite mines is a new method applying the newest tools used for solving decisive problems in opencast mining. The method includes additional mechanisms which enable the final product long-term strategy of a multi-pit mine optimization considering numerous criteria and economic aspects, with a possibility of continuous updating of the assumptions for research projects. This universal method is characterized with high utilitarian values for a direct application in multi-pit mines. The method has enabled the elaboration of the optimal version of long-term exploitation of prospective deposits in Konin opencast lignite mine and can be applied in Adamow mine, newly designed Legnica lignite mine and similar opencast mines exploiting other useful minerals all over the world. Keywords: deposit management, multi-pit mines, optimization, multi-pit mine model, research projects Celem pracy było wykazanie potrzeby opracowania metodologii zagospodarowania złóż kopalni wieloodkrywkowej i opracowanie metody strategicznego programowania zagospodarowania złóż w takiej kopalni. Zagadnienie to jest mało poznane w części dotyczącej metodologii programowania zagospodarowania złóż perspektywicznych w kopalni wieloodkrywkowej. * KOPALNIA WĘGLA BRUNATNEGO "KONIN"; AL. 600 LECIA 9, KLECZEW, POLAND

2 414 Ogólny model metody opisanej w pracy proponuje następującą kolejność rozwiązywania problemów badawczych: 1. Opracowanie strategii rozwoju sektora paliwowo-energetycznego. 2. Stworzenie modelu kopalni wieloodkrywkowej. 3. Określenie kolejności zagospodarowania złóż perspektywicznych. 4. Przyjęcie technologii eksploatacji i docelowego wyposażenia odkrywek w koparki i zwałowarki. Opracowany sposób programowania złóż w wieloodkrywkowej kopalni węgla brunatnego jest nową metodą wykorzystującą najnowocześniejsze narzędzia stosowane w rozwiązywaniu problemów decyzyjnych w górnictwie odkrywkowym. W metodzie opracowano dodatkowe mechanizmy, które pozwalają na poddanie produktu końcowego długookresowej strategii kopalni wieloodkrywkowej optymalizacji wielokryterialnej i ekonomicznej wraz z możliwością ciągłej aktualizacji założeń do projektów badawczych. Proponowana uniwersalna metoda posiada duże wartości utylitarne służące bezpośredniemu zastosowaniu w kopalniach wieloodkrywkowych. Metoda pozwoliła opracować wariant optymalny, długookresowej eksploatacji złóż perspektywicznych w KWB Konin i może być wykorzystywana także w kopalni Adamów, w nowo projektowanej kopalni węgla brunatnego Legnica oraz w podobnych kopalniach odkrywkowych na świecie wydobywających inne kopaliny użyteczne. Słowa kluczowe: zagospodarowanie złóż, wieloodkrywkowa kopalnia, optymalizacja, model kopalni, projekty badawcze 5. Multi-criteria optimization of the selection of deposits management profile in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine according to ranking method Presented four decision-making models of the method of programming deposits management present among others a number of criteria with various parameters. The effect of applying this method is the selection of such deposits from prospective deposits whose management brings about the optimal profile of the strategy of fuel-energy sector development in a given mining-power plant complex. To carry out the analysis of multi-criteria optimization a method of solution advantages performed with a ranking method is proposed. The method of ranks requires selecting the most crucial features of criteria offered to solve specific research problems (table 3). Multi-criteria optimization of the selection of deposits management profile in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine, i.e. the sequence of prospective deposits management, is an objective and helpful method of undertaking this decision. Studying several comparable features of deposits gives a result of a very high probability of confirming the result with further economic evaluation NPV analysis. 6. Economic evaluation of programming deposit management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine The basis for economic evaluation of deposits exploitation in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine are answers to the following questions: The developmental strategy of the fuel-energy sector in the analyzed mining-power plant complex,

3 415 The model of the mine operation, The sequence of prospective deposits management, Target equipment of pits with excavators and stackers as well as other appliances which cover full demand of local clients power plants for lignite and ensure low exploitation costs. The selection of goals, operational models, technological systems and exploitation capacity for each pit separately and the whole mine is the implementation of consequent stages of looking for better economic efficiency for a group of deposits resulting from its specificity. Thus, a partial economic evaluation takes place at all the stages of the search and itself is the basis for the selection. It should be stressed here that the possibility to improve the economic efficiency by multi-pit exploitation is usually of higher significance than in the case of exploiting a single deposits, which is connected with the specificity of group impact on economic effects. A complex method of programming deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine assumes that after analyzing particular research problems presented in chapter 4 there will be designed an option or options of the mine operation a long-term strategy of a multi-pit opencast mine development which shall undergo economic evaluation according to criteria and algorithms presented at figure 11. It is suggested to apply three criteria of the economic evaluation of the method of programming the deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine: 1. Technological and technical criteria for which there is an algorithm of determining a unitary cost of exploitation in relation on the exploitation capacity and the adopted technological system, so called KTZ. 2. Profitability criteria for lignite deposits, with an algorithm of profitability a comparison of price ratio for options of lignite supply from active and prospective deposits. 3. Economic criteria, which incur net present value (NPV) method in order to evaluate the economic efficiency and a method of evaluating breakeven point for a multi-pit opencast lignite mine. Breakeven point is a very important criteria, in this case economic one, of the selection of the optimum option of deposits exploitation in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine. It enables the determination as for quantity or value the level of minimum lignite exploitation (Czopek, 2001, 2002). The method of net present value (NPV) enables the determination of present value of cash revenues and expenditures connected with the implementation of the analyzed developmental enterprise. The value expresses in fact an advantage that the developmental undertaking can bring about to the company at the moment of analysis. The economic evaluation should be repeated when the economic criteria result is negative. In such a case the particular stages of studying the deposit management with

4 416 ECONOMIC CRITERIA OF THE METHOD OF PROGRAMMING DEPOSIT MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-PIT OPENCAST LIGNITE MINE ALGORITHMS AND RATIOS TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CRITERIA ALGORITHM OF DETERMINING A UNITARY COST OF EXPLOITATION IN RELATION TO EXPLOITATION CAPACITY AND THE ADOPTED TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM LIGNITE DEPOSIT PROFITABILITY CRITERIA PROFITABILITY ALGORITHM PRICE COMPARISON FOR OPTIONS OF LIGNITE SUPPLY FROM ACTIVE AND PROSECTIVE DEPOSITS MINE BREAKEVEN POINT ECONOMIC CRITERIA NPV OF DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW Description: running an economic evaluation after elaborating all the decisive problems of the method of programming deposit management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine possibility of economic evaluation during the analysis of particular decision-making models or after solving the problem Fig. 11. Criteria, algorithms and ratios of economic evaluation of deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine. Rys. 11. Kryteria, algorytmy i wskaźniki ekonomicznej oceny zagospodarowania złóż w wieloodkrywkowej kopalni węgla brunatnego the use of the elaborated method should be improved or adjusted. A new version of the developmental strategy for a multi-pit opencast mine should undergo another economic evaluation. The effect of applying the method of programming deposits management in a multipit opencast lignite mine is the optimum profile of exploitation of deposits with the highest NPV value.

5 417 Comparison of criteria, their features and ranking of the features in points Zestawienie kryteriów, cech kryteriów i punktowej rangi cech TABLE 3 TABLICA 3 Research on criteria in the method of programming deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine Deposit cost-effectiveness criteria Mining criteria Criteria of power plant distance from lignite supply Mining-economic-fiscal criteria Crucial feature of criteria Deposit price ratio Size of deposit resources Overlay/lignite ratio Hydration ratio Accessing opening size Exploitation capacity of the pit on a selected deposit Lignite supply distance Unitary cost of lignite supply Financial cost reductions from faster reclamation Established feature rank Time criteria Time necessary to reach lignite exploitation capacity 20 Technical criteria Financial expenditures for modernization and purchase of 2 basic machines Terrain criteria Number of basic machines transported on their own 6 undercarriage Economic criteria Total investments Verification of the method of programming deposit management in Konin Multi-pit opencast lignite mine 7.1. Decision-making model for the strategy of fuel-energy sector development in Konin mining-power plant complex In order to program the management of developmental strategy for fuel-energy sector in Konin mining-power plant complex (table 4) it has to be assumed that the most important assumptions include: Konin opencast lignite mine possesses deposits and production capacity which enable meeting the requirements of ZE PAK power plant for fuel, i.e. lignite, till 2020 and in a longer prospective (figure 12),

6 418 Fig. 12. Prospective deposits and active pits in Konin opencast lignite mine Rys. 12. Złoża perspektywiczne i odkrywki czynne w KWB Konin ZE PAK has a determined capacity to produce electricity based on fuel such as lignite.

7 419 Demand for index lignite in supplies to ZE PAK from Konin Opencast Lignite Mine TABLE 4 TABLICA 4 Zapotrzebowanie na węgiel brunatny wskaźnikowy w dostawach do ZE PAK z KWB Konin Years Supplies as in option I Supplies as in option II [mln Mg] [mln Mg] ,0 11, ,4 8, ,4 7, ,4 7, ,4 7, ,4 7, ,4 7, ,4 7, ,3 7, ,2 4, ,6 3, ,6 0,5 τοταλ 276,5 208, Decision-making scheme of the model of Konin multi-pit opencast lignite mine The analysis of operation of active pits and pits under construction as well as a model of a multi-pit opencast mine on example of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine is presented at table Technological and economic criteria of Konin mine model Konin lignite deposits which are currently exploited, as well as prospective ones, are comparatively not very rich. Their resources range from 30 to 100 mln Mg (table 18). The average resources of the deposits are evaluated from 40 to 50 mln Mg. As a result of ZE PAK demand at the level of about 11 mln Mg of lignite a year, Konin Opencast Lignite Mine tested and adopted an optimized model of pits operation. The model can be described in the following terms: 4+1(2) or 3+1. It means that four or three pits are operated and one or two are under construction. Another model ensuring a higher concentration of exploitation, e.g. 2+1, i.e. two operating pits and one under construction, is not in practical application because its introduction would imply the need to excavate about 5,5-6,0 mln Mg of lignite annually from each active pit. With such a level of annual lignite exploitation the mine would remove about 80 mln m 3 of

8 420 overlay, as divided for two pits. As a result it would be necessary to replace current KTZ systems with more efficient ones. SRs 1200 excavators would have to be replaced with KWK 2000 excavators, A 2 RSB 8800 stackers with stackers of ZGOT 9000 or ZGOT types and B2000 conveyors would need to be used. The application of such basic machines for removing overlay of m thickness, with short operational frontlines and irregular excavation shapes would be very difficult or even impossible from the mining technology prospective. Poor resources of particular deposits (pits) would result in very short exploitation periods (5-10 years) and it would be necessary to make new deposits accessible, which is connected, among others, with transportation of basic machines. Other recognized exploitation methods, such as charging bridges or stackers with longer supplying extension arms and dumping overlay directly from the layer over lignite to the floor are impossible in Konin mine because of hydrological (high floor hydration) and geological conditions. Overlay, mostly clay positioned just over lignite, is not stable enough to form dumping slopes on the hydrated floor in the vicinity of the exploited lignite frontline. The above practical limitations eliminate a direct transport of overlay to the floor of the excavation. It should be stressed that the current selection of basic machines and appliances used for lignite exploitation, removing and dumping overlay in Konin region is a result of several tens of experience and should be assessed as the optimal profile (Kozioł, 1986, 1988) Decision-making model of prospective deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine Implementing the following stages of designing the decision-making model of prospective deposits management sequence, the major conditions, criteria, algorithms and ratios are characterized. Examples of conditions are presented at table 6. The algorithms are presented at figure 13. On the basis of suggested conditions and selection criteria for prospective deposits management sequence some versions of Konin mine development were designed to comply with two options of ZE PAK operation (table 7).

9 421 Analysis of the operation of active pits and pits under construction the example of Konin opencast lignite mine Analiza pracy odkrywek czynnych i w budowie na przykładzie KWB Konin TABLE 5 TABLICA 5 Years Power plant demand for lignite Exploitation from active deposits and pits under construction Missing exploitation capacity Deadlines of launching next pits Pits at prospective deposits (estimated exploitation) [mln Mg] Multi-pit opencast mine model O/K O/L O/J IIB O/D Number of pits [mln Mg] [mln Mg] [mln Mg] [mln Mg] [mln Mg] [mln Mg] Years Piaski deposit Tomisławice deposit Ościsłowo deposit Exploiting lignite ,0 4,2 2,9 3,7 0, ,4 3,4 3,0 3,0 1, ,4 3,2 3,0 3,0 1, ,4 3,1 3,2 2,8 1, ,4 3,1 3,4 2,2 1,7 2009/ ,4 1,8 3,7 2,2 2,7 2, ,4 3,5 2,2 4,7 2011/012 2,7 2, ,4 3,3 2,2 4,9 2,4 2, ,4 3,2 2,2 5,0 2,3 2, ,4 3,0 2,2 5,2 2,4 2, ,4 3,0 2,2 5,2 2,4 2, ,4 2,4 2,2 5,8 3,0 2, ,4 2,4 2,2 5,8 3,0 2, ,4 2,4 2,2 5,8 3,0 2, ,4 2,2 2,2 6,0 3,2 2, ,4 2,2 8,2 2020/2021 3,2 3,0 2, ,3 2,2 8,2 3,1 3,0 2, ,3 0,9 9,4 3,8 3,0 2, ,3 10,3 4,5 3,0 2, ,3 10,3 4,3 3,0 3, ,3 10,3 4,3 3,0 3, ,2 4,2 2,0 1,2 1, ,6 3,6 1,2 2, ,6 0,6 0,6 1 0 Under construction

10 422 TABLE 6 Basic parameters describing prospective deposits in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine TABLICA 6 Podstawowe parametry opisujące złoża perspektywiczne KWB Konin Prospective deposit Piaski Tomisławice Ościsłowo MąkoszynGrochowiska Dęby SzlacheckieIzbica Kujawska Morzyczyn Pit capacity Removing Lignite overlay exploitation [mln m3/year] [mln Mg/year] 44 3,5-4,5 27 1,5-2,5 28 2,0-2,5 Overlay/lignite ratio (linear) [m/m] Hydration ratio [m3/mg] Accessing opening size [mln m3] 7,70 6,90 8, , ,0 9, ,5-4,0 8, ,5-2,0 Fig. 13. Algorithms of overlay and water utilization from dehydrating prospective deposits in order to carry friendly reclamation with water-recreational profile Rys. 13. Algorytm wykorzystania nadkładu i wody z odwodnienia perspektywicznych odkrywek dla przeprowadzania przyjaznej rekultywacji o kierunku wodno-rekreacyjnym

11 423 TABLE 7 Options of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine development as compared with operational options of ZE PAK Name of developmental option of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine Warianty rozwoju KWB Konin na tle wariantów pracy ZE PAK Planned exploitation in years mln ton I 276,5 A 276,5 B 276,5 C 208,7 D 208,7 E 208,7 Active pits and sequence of launching prospective deposits Lubstów till 2009, Kazimierz Północ till 2010, Jóźwin II B till 2019, Drzewce , Piaski , Tomisławice , Ościsłowo Lubstów (till 2009), Kazimierz Płn. (till 2010), Jóźwin IIB (till 2019), Drzewce ( ), Tomisławice ( ), Mąkoszyn-Grochowiska ( ), Piaski ( ). Lubstów (till 2011), Kazimierz Płn. (till 2013), Jóźwin IIB (till 2020), Tomisławice ( ), Mąkoszyn-Grochowiska ( ). Piaski Lubstów (till 2011), Kazimierz Płn. (till 2013), Jóźwin IIB (till 2020), Drzewce ( ), Tomisławice ( ), Mąkoszyn-Grochowiska ( ). Lubstów (till 2011), Kazimierz Płn. (till 2013), Jóźwin IIB (till 2020), Drzewce ( ), Tomisławice ( ), Mąkoszyn-Grochowiska ( ). Lubstów (till 2011), Kazimierz Płn. (till 2012), Jóźwin IIB (till 2019), Tomisławice ( ), Mąkoszyn-Grochowiska ( ). Method of preserving production capacity (basic machines) Entire modernization of basic machines, purchase of two compact excavators, one stacker Entire modernization of basic machines, purchase of 4 wheel excavators, 2 stackers Partial modernization of basic machines, purchase of 8 wheel excavators, 4 chain excavators and 4 stackers Entire modernization of basic machines, no new purchases Partial modernization of basic machines, purchase of 5 wheel excavators, 2 chain excavators and 3 stackers Entire modernization of basic machines, no new purchases, shift of launch Drzewce pit and others TABLICA 7 Name of operation option in ZE PAK Option I ZE PAK power1612 MW Option II ZE PAK power 1162 MW

12 Decision-making model of target equipment of pits with basic machines Decision-making model of target equipment of pits in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine with excavators and stackers is the last, fourth, model in the method of programming deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine. An example of an algorithm is presented at figure 14. Fig. 14. Algorithm of potential shifts of basic machines on their own undercarriage between pits of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine Rys. 14. Algorytm możliwych przemieszczeń maszyn podstawowych na własnym podwoziu między odkrywkami KWB Konin

13 Multi-criteria optimization of an option of prospective deposits management in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine applying the ranking method The elaborated four decision-making models for the method of programming deposit management in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine are described, among others, with various criteria of differentiated parameters. The final effect of applying the method is the selection of such deposits from a group of prospective deposits whose management gives the optimized developmental profile of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine consistent with the developmental strategy of the whole fuel-energy sector in Konin mining-power plant complex. In order to perform the analysis of multi-criteria optimization it is suggested to apply the method of studying solutions with the ranking method (table 8). The effect of multi-criteria optimization is the suggested sequence of managing prospective deposits in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine as presented at table 9. Comparison of criteria, criteria features and feature ranking expressed in points Zestawienie kryteriów, cech kryteriów i punktowej rangi cech TABLE 8 TABLICA 8 Studying criteria in the method of programming the deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine The crucial feature of the criteria Established rank of the feature Deposit profitability criteria Deposit price ratio Deposit resources size Overlay/lignite ratio Mining criteria Hydration ratio Accessing opening size Pit exploitation capacity Criteria of lignite supply distance from Lignite supply distance the power plant Unitary cost of lignite supply Mining-economic-fiscal criteria Financial economies from faster reclamation 3 Time criteria Time necessary to reach lignite exploitation capacity 25 Financial investment for Technical criteria modernization and purchase of 5 new basic machines Number of basic machines Terrain criteria transported on their own 5 undercarriage Economic criteria Total investments 10

14 426 Sequence of prospective deposits management in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine Kolejność zagospodarowania złóż perspektywicznych w KWB Konin TABLE 9 TABLICA 9 Deposit Rank/weight Sequence of deposit management Piaski 852 I Tomisławice 791 II Ościsłowo 698 III Mąkoszyn Grochowiska 599 IV Morzyczyn 489 V Dęby Szlacheckie Izbica Kujawska 360 VI 7.6. Economic evaluation of deposit management options in multi-pit opencast lignite mine Konin Technical and economic analysis, including economic profitability research with net present value method NPV, indicated option I, as the most advantageous in the economic aspect, from among six analyzed options (table 10). It confirms the result of selection carried with the analysis of multi-criteria optimization with the application of ranking method. Option I of the mine development after multi-criteria optimization and economic profitability research with net present value method is referred to as the optimum version of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine development. 8. Method verification 8.1. Optimum version of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine operation development for years as an effect of applying the method of programming the deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine Long-term strategy of fuel-energy sector development in Konin mining-power plant complex. The optimum version of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine development meets the expected demand for lignite for version I (maximum) of Konin power plant operation till 2040 (table 9). Mine model Considering the specificity of Konin deposits, the experience with reached exploitation capacity from the pits and possessed technological systems assumes the continuation

15 of the model of operation 3(4) + 1(2). The model determines that three or four pits are operated simultaneously while one or two pits are under construction. Model of deposits management sequence selection 427 A decisive change of deposits management sequence is assumed. At first Piaski and Tomisławice deposits are planned for launching instead of Tomisławice and Mąkoszyn- Grochowiska deposits, as other options assumed. Model of target equipment of pits with basic machines The equipment of prospective pits with excavators and stackers as well as other appliances is assumed according to the algorithm presented below, at figure 15. Compact evaluation of developmental options in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine Syntetyczna ocena wariantów rozwojowych KWB Konin TABLE 10 TABLICA 10 Option I Optimum A B C D E Period [years] Lignite exploitation [mln Mg] Overlay removal [mln m3] Overlay /lignite Investments [mln PLN] Investment /exploitation ratio PLN/Mg ,3 1686,5 8,0 : , ,7 2581,6 8,3 : , ,3 1660,9 7,9 : , ,7 2532,0 8,2 : , ,3 1660,9 7,9 : , ,7 2532,0 8,2 : , ,2 1414,4 8,6 : , ,7 1822,9 7,6 : , ,2 1271,7 7,7 : , ,7 1822,9 7,6 : , ,2 1162,7 7,1 : , ,7 1822,9 7,6 : ,09 NPV mln PLN Multi-criteria optimization of criteria selection of prospective deposits management option in compliance with ranking method. Studying the utility of features of prospective deposits management in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine confirmed the accepted prospective deposits management sequence. Piaski deposit obtained the highest rank, next are Tomisławice and Ościsłowo deposits. Economic evaluation of the suggested optimum option of operating in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine.

16 428 Fig. 15. Algorithm of basic machines selection by their transportation on their own undercarriage, modernization or purchasing of new machines, for option I for deposits exploitation in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine Rys. 15. Algorytm doboru maszyn podstawowych poprzez przemieszczanie na własnym podwoziu, modernizację lub zakup nowej maszyny, dla wariantu I eksploatacji odkrywek w KWB Konin

17 429 Proposing an economic evaluation of the most advantageous option A according to the concept of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine from 2002 with the offered optimum version in compliance with the method of programming deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine it can be assumed that the later version is clearly more advantageous as for economic profitability, as measured by NPV, and as for the investment needs (lower investments for each pit) as compared to the investments required in version A (no financial investments connected with lignite supply from Piaski and Tomisławice pits and lower costs of basic machines purchases). Konin Opencast Lignite Mine has long-term chances for development provided that the lignite sales stay at the level of 10,5-11,0 mln Mg annually. The estimation of the breakeven point in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine is presented at table 11. Such an amount of exploitation is ensured in the optimum version. In other cases higher price of lignite supplied to the power plant is required as well as a considerable reduction of the exploitation costs, including employment reduction. An example of breakeven point estimation for Konin Opencast Lignite Mine Przykładowe oszacowanie progu rentowności dla KWB Konin TABLE 11 TABLICA 11 No. Specification Estimation at the level of sales profit (thousands PLN) 1. Total sales/revenues Changeable costs Gross margin Quantitative 4. Gross margin rate 0,4 breakeven point 5. Fixed costs In mln Mg 6. BREAKEVEN POINT , Safety margin in thousand PLN in % ,3 The suggested optimum version of Konin Opencast Lignite Mine development is a proof that the methodology of programming management is advantageous for programming deposits management in a multi-pit opencast mine and can be successfully applied in mining practice.

18 Closing remarks The effect of work on the method is an overall decision-making model for programming method of deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine Summarizing the work it has to be noticed that he research range outlined in chapter 3 was entirely implemented. The issues of methodology of programming deposit management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine was for the first time so comprehensively analyzed. As a result of scientific considerations and practical solutions a universal method of programming deposit management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine was presented. The method includes decision making models both in overall and detailed prospective. A general decision-making model assumes solving the research problems in stages as follows: Stage I The model of a long-term strategy of development in fuel-energy sector in the analyzed mining-power plant complex. Stage II The model of multi-pit opencast lignite mine operation. Stage III The model of prospective deposits management sequence and models of target equipment of pits with basic machines. Stage IV Consists of multi-criteria and economic optimization of the adopted mine exploitation version. Particular research problems were presented in the form of detailed decision-making models along with criteria, algorithms and selection ratios. A product of the method of programming deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine is a project long-term strategy of a multi-pit opencast mine operation as a part of the strategy of fuel-energy sector in the analyzed mining-power plant complex. The major element of the strategy is the elaborated model of mine operation along with a programmed sequence of prospective deposits management and their target equipment with basic machines. The method incurs additional mechanisms which enable multi-criteria and economic optimization of the final product with the possibility of constant updating of the assumptions of the research projects. The method in the final stage was verified and tested in a real research object, i.e. Konin Opencast Lignite Mine. The effect of the verification is a long-term version of the mine development for years , referred to as an optimum version (table 12).

19 431 TABLE 12 Optimized version of exploitation development in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine TABLICA 12 Wariant optymalny rozwoju wydobycia w KWB Konin Years Kazimierz Jóźwin Lubstów Drzewce Ościsłowo Tomisławice Piaski mln Mg mln m 3 mln Mg mln m 3 mln Mg mln m 3 mln Mg mln m 3 mln Mg mln m 3 mln Mg mln m 3 mln Mg mln m 3 mln Mg mln m ,2 20,0 2,9 34,0 3,7 12,0 0,2 1,5 11,0 67, ,4 22,0 3,0 34,0 3,0 12,0 1,0 7,5 10,4 75, ,2 22,0 3,0 34,0 3,0 4,4 1,2 7,5 10,4 67, ,1 16,3 3,2 34,0 2,8 2,7 1,3 7,5 10,4 60, ,1 3,4 34,0 2,2 1,7 13,5 7,0 10,4 54, ,8 3,7 34,0 2,2 13,5 7,0 2,7 13,5 10,4 68, ,5 34,0 2,2 13,5 2,0 18,0 2,7 18,0 10,4 83, ,3 34,0 2,2 13,5 2,5 24,0 2,4 28,0 10,4 99, ,2 34,0 2,2 13,5 2,6 24,0 2,4 32,0 10,4 103, ,0 34,0 2,2 13,5 2,6 24,0 2,6 32,0 10,4 103, ,0 34,0 2,2 13,5 2,6 24,0 2,6 32,0 10,4 103, ,4 34,0 2,2 13,5 2,6 24,0 3,2 32,0 10,4 103, ,4 30,0 2,2 13,5 2,6 24,0 3,2 32,0 10,4 99, ,4 9,1 2,2 13,5 8,0 2,6 24,0 3,2 36,0 10,4 90, ,2 2,2 13,5 15,0 2,6 24,0 3,4 44,0 10,4 96, ,2 8,0 2,0 25,0 3,0 26,0 3,2 44,0 10,4 103, ,2 2,0 2,0 22,0 3,0 27,0 3,1 44,0 10,3 95, ,9 2,6 28,0 3,0 27,0 3,8 44,0 10,3 99, ,8 28,0 3,0 27,0 4,5 44,0 10,3 99, ,0 28,0 3,0 27,0 4,3 44,0 10,3 99, ,0 28,0 3,0 27,0 4,3 44,0 10,3 99, ,0 28,0 3,0 27,0 4,3 44,0 10,3 99, ,7 24,0 1,5 18,0 4,2 25,0 7,4 67,0 Lignite supplies Overlay

20 ,5 24,0 1,1 7,0 1,9 20,0 4,5 51, ,2 24,0 1,0 2,0 20,0 4,2 44, ,0 24,0 1,2 2,0 23,0 4,2 47, ,7 24,0 2,5 14,0 4,2 38, ,5 24,0 2,5 10,3 4,0 34, ,5 24,0 2,5 4,0 24, ,8 24,0 2,0 3,8 24, ,4 23,0 1,2 3,6 23, ,5 23,0 2,5 23, ,6 18,0 1,6 18, ,6 6,8 1,6 6, ,5 1,5 0, ,6 0,6 0,0 Total 18,8 80,3 44,6 447,1 14,7 31,1 32,7 182,5 40,5 472,8 48,5 430,0 76,7 726,8 276,5 2370,6

21 Conclusions 1. The elaborated method of programming deposit management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine is a new method applying the most modern tools applied in solving decisive problems in opencast mining. The method includes additional mechanisms which enable a multi-criteria and economic optimization of the final product a long-term strategy of a multi-pit opencast mine with the possibility of constant updating of assumptions for the research projects. 2. The method, for the first time, presents in a scientific way, an original, comprehensive and methodological approach to the issue of programming deposits development in multi-pit opencast lignite mines as well as other industries of useful and common mineral exploitation. 3. Considerations and analyses presented in the work include a whole range of crucial factors which influence deposits management in a multi-pit opencast lignite mine. 4. The proposed universal method of programming has high utilitarian values for direct application in multi-pit opencast mines. The method enabled the elaboration of the optimized version of long-term exploitation of prospective deposits in Konin Opencast Lignite Mine and can be used also in Adamow Mine, in a newly designed Legnica Opencast Mine and similar opencast mines in the world, exploiting other useful minerals. 5. The method was elaborated as a result of many years of experience of the author in the field of programming and designing multi-pit opencast lignite mines. However, the method does not address all the issues connected with programming deposits management in multi-pit opencast mines and should trigger the continuation of research within this field. REFERENCES Ackoff, R.L., Decyzje optymalne w badaniach stosowanych., PWN, Warszawa. Blaschke, M. i in., Opracowanie zasad kształtowania cen węgla brunatnego dostarczanego z KWB Konin W Kleczewie S.A. do ZE PAK S.A., PAN, Krakow. Czopek, K., Budżetowanie kosztów wydobycia kopalni z wykorzystaniem programu dualnego., Archiwum Górnictwa 46/1, PAN, Kraków. Czopek, K., Optymalizacja modernizacji ciągu technologicznego kopalni z wykorzystaniem funkcji multiplikatywnej., Archiwum Górnictwa 46/2, PAN, Kraków. Czopek, K., Selection criteria of the function of exploitation costs., Archiwum Górnictwa 2/2002, IGSMiE PAN, Kraków. Dudek, D., H awrylak, H., Zagadnienia teorii degradacji w długotrwale eksploatowanych maszynach roboczych., Problemy Maszyn Roboczych, no 1. Kasztelewicz, Z., Techniczno-ekonomiczne aspekty eksploatacji węgla brunatnego w rejonie Konina, Szkoła Ekonomiki i Zarządzania w Górnictwie, Bukowina Tatrzańska.

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