LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND DELIVER FOR BIOREFINERIES

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2 LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND DELIVER FOR BIOREFINERIES Mariusz Stolarski, Stefan Szczukowski, Józef Tworkowski, Michał Krzyżaniak University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland

3 PRESENTATION PLAN Introduction situation in Poland Productivity of chosen perennial energetic plants Harvest technology and biomass logistic chain Conclusions

4 Structure of energy production in Poland [%] (GUS 2010) year %

5 Structure of renewable energy production in Poland and in the EU-25 (GUS 2011)

6 The share of non-forests biomass in total use of biomass in energy production (Regulation of the Minister of Economy of 14 August 2008, J. of Laws no. 156, item 969)

7 Perennial energetic plants

8 Miscanthus sinnensis giganteus

9 Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby)

10 Salix viminalis

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13 Eko-Salix

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15 The area of energy crops for solid biomass production in Poland in 2009 (ha) (Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture) Salix Populus 648 Betula 17 Alnus 6 Miscanthus x giganteus Perennial grasses Phalaris arundinacea 53 Sida hermaphrodita 122 Total

16 Perennial energy plants in the structure of agricultural land Agricultural land ca 15.5 mln ha The area perennial energy plants 2010 r. ca 10,000 ha The area perennial energy plants 2020 r. ca 500,000 ha % of Agricultural land 0.06% % of Agricultural land 3.23%

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18 Projected area of arable land for agrienergy purposes in Poland in 2020 year [Budzyński et al. 2009, Kuś i Faber 2009]

19 Productivity of chosen perennial energy plants

20 MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE YIELD OF BIOMASS

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22 alluvial humus clay soil

23 alluvial humus clay soil

24 Biomass yield of chosen perennial energy plants - UWM in Olsztyn (Tworkowski i in. 2010) Mean Rosa multiflora Salix dasyclados Salix viminalis Reynoutria sachalinensis Reynoutria japonica Silphium perfoliatum Helianthus tuberosus Sida hermaphrodita Spartina pectinata Miscanthus sinensis Miscanthus sacchariflorus Miscanthus x giganteus

25 Yield of biomass of chosen perennial energy plants ISSPC-SRI, WULS and UWM in Olsztyn (Tworkowski i in. 2010) Miscanthus x giganteus Sida hermaphrodita Willow

26 Yield of willow biomass in selected researches

27 Poplar yields in selected researches (Stolarski 2011)

28 Yields of miscanthus in some European researches [Lewandowski i in. 2000] Country Plantation age (years) Yield (t d.m. ha -1 year -1 ) Remarks Denmark kg N ha -1 Germany kg N ha -1 UK Switzerland kg N ha -1 Austria 3 22 No reaction for N if dose bigger than 80 kg/ha Italy kg N ha -1, irrigation Spain kg N ha -1, no influence on yield Greece 2 44 Fertilization and frequent irrigation Turkey kg N ha -1, low influence of N fertilization

29 Harvest technology and biomass logistic chain

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31 Two-stage woody biomass harvest

32 Two-stage woody biomass harvest - bundling

33 Two-stage woody biomass harvest - storage

34 Two-stage woody biomass harvest - transport

35 Two-stage woody biomass harvest - Biobaler Harvest and baling of biomass in one drive (Stolarski 2010)

36 Two-stage biomass harvest - chipping

37 Two-stage woody biomass harvest

38 Storage of whole stems

39 Two-stage woody biomass harvest - chipping willow chipping

40 Two-stage woody biomass harvest - willow chpis

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46 Storage of wood chips

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48 Straw harvest technology

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50 Two-stage straw biomass collection

51 Two-stage straw biomass collection

52 Two-stage straw biomass collection Field and short distance transport

53 Two-stage straw biomass collection Long distance transport

54 Storage of straw bales on ground and in storeroom

55 Storage of straw bales on the concrete surface

56 Two-stage straw biomass collection - chipping

57 CONCLUSIONS Perennial energy plants has a very high productivity potential but we have to remember about plantation management, suitable species and variety of the soil conditions. The average yield from commercial plantations on good soils, will range from 9 to 15 t/ha/year of dry biomass. However, the yield on soils of poorer quality, which may from time to time become too dry, will be much lower from 4 to 7 t/ha/year of dry biomass. In field trials yield level is higher by 20-30% than in commercial plantations and sometimes it s higher than 25 t/ha/year. One or two stage harvest technology give wide possibilities to deliver lignocellulosic biomass for biorafinery purposes.

58 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Associate Profesor, dr hab. inż. Mariusz Stolarski University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland