POLISH POLAR STUDIES tb 26 International Polar Symposium
ZAKŁAD GEOMORFOLOGII UNIWERSYTETU MARII CURIE-SKŁODOWSKIEJ KLUB POLARNY POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA GEOGRAFICZNEGO KOMITET BADAŃ POLARNYCH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK POLISH POLAR STUDIES XXVI Międzynarodowe Sympozjum Polarne Polskie badania polarne * Jubileusz 25-lecia Klubu Polarnego Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego Pod redakcją Janiny REPELEWSKIEJ-PĘKALOWEJ Lublin 18-20 czerwca 1999 r.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE MARIA CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA UNIVERSITY POLAR CLUB OF THE POLISH GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON POLAR RESEARCH OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES POLISH POLAR STUDIES 26 th International Polar Symposium The Polish polar research * The 25 th Jubilee of the Polar Club of the Polish Geographical Society Editor: Janina REPELEWSKA-PĘKALOWA Lublin, 18-20 June 1999
EDITIONAL COMMITTEE Urszula Cejko, Leszek Gawrysiak, Kazimierz Pękala, Jan Reder, Anna Tarasiuk, Piotr Zagórski REVIEWERS OF PAPERS: Stefan Bartoszewski, Hugh V. Danks, Ryszard Glazik, Jan Gurba, Marian Harasimiuk, Andrzej Karczewski, Zdzisław Michalczyk, Kazimierz Pękala, Marian Pulina, Stanisław Rakusa-Suszczewski, Jan Szupryczyński, Florian Święs, Roman Teisseyre, Stanisław Uziak, Wojciech Warakomski, Gabriel Wójcik TRANSLATION AND ED1TORAL ADJUSTMENT: Maria Charmas, Tadeusz Grzesik, Stefan Nakonieczny LINOCUTS in this book: Zbigniew Jóźwik CONTRIBUTING SPONSORS: State Committee for Scientific Research Committee on Polar Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences Polar Club of the Polish Geographical Society Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Set and negative: "BEZ ERRATY" Joanna Dyszczyk ISBN 83-227-1408-4 Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press pi. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin tel. (081) 537 53-02, 537-53-04, fax 537-53-02 Internet: http://press.umcs.lublin.pl Press: Zakłady Usług Poligraficznych "TEKST" sc 20-344 Lublin, ul.wspólna 19
We rejoiced that we would be able to be hosts to Polar explorers in Lublin. It was to be a particularly festive and merry occasion, being the Silver Jubilee of the Polar Club. The sudden decease of Professor Alfred Jahn overshadowed our joy. The Professor was fond of his visits here, he was pleased that Lublin joined the company of polar centres, which was greatly due to his own merits. Here he had a circle of devoted pupils and friends. He promised to write a preface to this volume. He didn't quite make it... This volume is dedicated to the fond memory of Professor Alfred Jahn, an outstanding Scientist, Polar Explorer, the founder and first President of the Polar Club of the Polish Geographical Society, our Master and Friend.
Professor Dr Alfred Jahn was born in Lwów on the 2 2 n d of April 1915. He studied geography at the Jan Casimir University of Lwów and began his scientific career there. After the Second World War, he worked at the Maria Curie Sklodowska University in Lublin. From 1949, Professor Jahn was involved with the University of Wroclaw where he was head of the Department of Geomorphology as well as holding various positions of authority, among others, that of Vice Chancellor of the University in the years 1962-1968. The scientific polar period of Professor Jahn's life began with an expedition to Greenland in 1937 led by Prof. A. Kosiba. From then onwards, he showed continuous interest in polar studies all his life. He took part in many Polish and foreign polar expeditions. He undertook research on Spitsbergen and in the Canadian and Russian Arctic as well as in Siberia. The fruit of his study are a few hundred works which gained him universal recognition. He was a geomorphologist of world renown, a member of numerous national scientific societies and their honorary president (among others the Association of Polish Geomorphologists, Polish Geographic Society, Polish Geological Society, and various Committees of the Polish Academy of Sciences). He was also a member of foreign and international associations (including among others: the International Permafrost Association, International Geographic Union, International Glaciological Association, Belgian Geographic Society, the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and the Academia Leopoldina). He was made an honorary Doctor of the University of Wroclaw, of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań as well as of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin. He received many prestigious awards and medals, among them that of Cavalier with a Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta It was due to his initiative that the Polar Club was founded in 1974. He was its first president. He was also president and honorary president of the Committee of Polar Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He enjoyed the general esteem and recognition of the polar community. A man of great integrity, honour, a devoted patriot. He died suddenly on the 1 s t of April 1999.
Professor Dr. Alfred JAHN (1915-1999)
TABLE OF CONTENTS SPIS TREŚCI Opening address of Professor K. Birkenmajer Kazimierz Pękala, Wojciech Stankowski A brief history of the Polar Club of the Polish Geographical Society 11 15 Zarys historii Klubu Polarnego Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego EARTH SCIENCES Teodossia Andreeva, Nikolay Mihnievski Peculiarities of the large anomalies of the monthly temperatures and precipitation in winter over Bulgaria 23 Andrzej Araźny Differentiation of air temperature in the summer season 1998 on the Waldemar Glacier and on the Kaffiöyra Plain (Spitsbergen) 25 Zróżnicowanie temperatury powietrza w sezonie letnim 1998 na Lodowcu Waldemara i Równinie Kaffiöyra (Spitsbergen) Stefan Bartoszewski, Janina Repelewska-Pękalowa Chemical denudation in the Wydrzyca River catchment (Spitsbergen) 37 Denudacja chemiczna w zlewni rzeki Wydrzycy (Spitsbergen) Krzysztof Birkenmajer The tectonic structure of Gerlache Strait, West Antarctica 45 Struktura tektoniczna Cieśniny Gerlache'a - Antarktyka Zachodnia Dańusz Brykała Hydraulic geometry of a supraglacial stream on the Waldemar Glacier (Spitsbergen) in the summer of 1997 Geometria hydrauliczna potoku supraglacjalnego na Lodowcu Waldemara (Spitsbergen) latem 1997 roku 51 Andrzej Gaździcki Eocene ecosystem of Seymour Island, Antarctica Marina V. Gerasimova, Maksim V. Mitiayev Seasonal dynamics of suspensions in Yarnyshnaya and Dalnye Zielenietskaya Bays (East Murman) in 1997 67 Marek Górski Seismic wave velocities in the Hans Glacier 77 Sezonowa dynamika zawiesiny w zatokach: Jarnysznaja i Dalnie Zielieniecka (Wschodni Murman) w 1997 r. 65 Prędkości fal sejsmicznych w Lodowcu Hansa Marek Górski, Krzysztof Teisseyre Accumulated stresses prior to icequakes on the basis of shear-band model 83 Nagromadzone naprężenia przed wstrząsami lodowca, obliczone za pomocą pasmowego modelu ścinającego Marek Grześ, Ireneusz Sobota Winter balance of Waldemar Glacier in 1996-1998 87 Zimowy bilans Lodowca Waldemara w latach 1996-1998 Tomasz Jaworski, Piotr Weckwerth Forms and deposits of the marginal zone of the Waldemar Glacier (NW Spitsbergen) formed during its recession in 1977-1998 Formy i osady strefy marginalnej Lodowca Waldemara (NW Spitsbergen) wykształcone w czasie jego recesji wiatach 1977-1998 99
8 Table of Contents В. K. Kamenov The dikes of Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island - significant tracers of the tectonomagmatic history in South Shetland Magmatic Arc Ill Marek Kejna, Kamil Laska Influence of Adelie penguin colony on the temperature of the air layer near the surface (King George Island, Antarctica) in spring 1996 113 Wpływ pingwiniska Adeli na temperaturę w przypowierzchniowej warstwie powietrza (Wyspa Króla Jerzego, Antarktyka) na wiosnę 1996 r. Vilory В. Khasankaev Investigations of the bottom stony material for the aims of paleogeographic reconstructions 121 Zbigniew Klimowicz Soils among rock outliers in the Bellsund region (Spitsbergen) 125 Badania osadów dna morskiego dla rekonstrukcji paleogeograficznych Gleby w obrębie wychodni skałek w rejonie Bellsundu (Spitsbergen) Krzysztof Roman Lankauf Retreat of the Aavatsmark Glacier (Kaffiöyra region, Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) in XX century 133 Jan Leszkiewicz, Jacek Piasecki, Marian Pulina Hydrology of the Werenskiold Glacier catchment area (South Spitsbergen) in summer 1998 153 Andrzej A. Marsz Negative trend of annual precipitation sum at the Arctowski Station 161 Recesja Lodowca Aavastmark (rejon Kaffiöyry, Ziemia Oskara II, Spitsbergen) w XX wieku Hydrologia basenu Lodowca Werenskiolda (Południowy Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim 1998 Ujemny trend rocznych sum opadowych na Stacji im. H. Arctowskiego Jerzy Melke Preliminary studies of fissure and slope peats in the Calypsostranda and Lyellstranda Region, West Spitsbergen 171 Wstępne badania utworów organicznych szczelinowych i stokowych w rejonie Calypsostrandy i Lyellstrandy, Spitsbergen Zachodni Janusz Mielnik, Waldemar Staroń, Henryk Gurgul Influence of mineral suspension on albedo of ice of Hans Glacier 177 Wpływ zawiesin mineralnych na albedo lodu Lodowca Hansa Maksim V. Mitiayev Late Cainozoic neotectonic movements of East Murman 183 Późnokenozoiczne ruchy neotektoniczne Wschodniego Murmana Jerzy Pereyma Contemporary tendencies in the formation of polar glacier mass balance 187 Współczesne tendencje w kształtowaniu bilansu masy lodowców polarnych IńnaA. Pogodina, Gennady A. Tarasov On the stratigraphy of the Late Quaternary sediments of the Barents Sea 195 O stratygrafii osadów młodoczwartorzędowych Morza Barentsa Irina A. Pogodina, Sergei A. Korsun, Gennady A. Tarasov Distribution of benthonic and planktonie foraminifera in deposits of the Storfjord Trough, in the Western Barents Sea 203 Rozmieszczenie otwornic bentonicznych i pianktonicznych w osadach rynny Storfiord, zachodnia część M. Barentsa Rajmund Przybylak Scenarios of the Arctic climate in the 21 st century 215 Scenariusze zmian klimatu Arktyki w XXI wieku M. Pulina, L. Kolondra, J. Rehdk Charting of cryokarst forms on Werenskiold Glacier (SW Spitsbergen) Kartowanie form krasowych na Lodowcu Werenskiolda (SW Spitsbergen) 235
Table of Contents M. Pulina, W. E. Krawczyk, W. Galas Chemical characteristics of waters in the Hornsund Region in the summer of 1998... 243 Charakterystyka chemiczna wód rejonu Hornsundu w lecie 1998 r. Stanisław Rudowski, Piotr Przeździecki, Algimantas Grigelis Glaciomarine muds deformation structures related to bottom ice thawing; Spitsbergen and Southern Baltic examples 251 Struktury deformacyjne w dystalnych mulach glacjalno-morskich, związane z wytapianiem pogrzebanych lodów dennych Ireneusz Sobota Ablation of the Waldemar Glacier in the summer seasons of 1996, 1997 and 1998... 257 Ablacja Lodowca Waldemara w sezonach letnich: 1996,1997 i 1998 Waldemar Staroń, Janusz Mielnik, Henryk Gurgul Parameters of mineral admixtures in ice from Hans Glacier 275 Parametry zawiesin mineralnych w lodzie Lodowca Hansa Anna Styszyńska The development of the sea ice cover in the Barents and Greenland seas during 1998. 283 Rozwój pokrywy lodowej Mórz Barentsa i Grenlandzkiego w 1998 roku Gennady A. Tarasov On the question of the shallow-water glacial sedimentogenesis in the Arctic seas.... 301 Problemy plytkowodnej lodowej sedymentacji w morzach arktycznych Andrzej Tatur, Rodolfo del Valle, Andrzej Barczuk Discussion on the uniform pattern of Holocene tephrochronology in South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 303 Barbara Wiśniewska Ice conditions in Nottinghambukta during 1993-1998 seasons 323 Dyskusja nad ujednoliconym modelem tefrochronologii holocenu na Szetlandach Południowych, Antarktyka Warunki lodowe w Zatoce Nottingham w latach 1993-1998 Iwona Zwolska, Tomasz Janecki Weather and hydrological conditions in the region of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica) in 1998 Warunki pogodowe i hydrologiczne w rejonie Stacji im. H. Arctowskiego (Wyspa Króla Jerzego, Antarktyka) w 1998 r. 329 BIOLOGY С. De Broyer, F. Van Roozendael, К. Jażdżewski, G. Chapelle, R. Munn, Y. Scailteur An "Antarctic Marine Biodiversity Reference Center" devoted to Amphipod Crustaceans (poster) 341 Zofia Heinrich, Maria A. Olech Interesting species of fungi (Macromycetes) from Iceland (poster) 343 Anna Kidawa Chemoreception in some Antarctic marine animals - preliminary results on glutamic acid 345 Chemorecepcja u niektórych zwierząt morskich. Wpływ kwasu glutaminowego Elżbieta E. Kopczyńska Winter and summer phytoplankton populations in Admiralty Bay, Antarctica, with special reference to nanoplanktonic diatoms Zimowe i letnie populacje (itoplanktonu w Zatoce Admiralicji (Antarktyka) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nanoplanktonowych okrzemek 349 Marian Kuc Floral visitations of Bombus (Megabombus) polaris Curtis in the Canadian High Arctic (the Expedition area, Axel Heiberg Island) 357 Kwiaty odwiedzane przez polarnego trzmiela Bombus (Megabombus) polaris Curtis W Arktyce Kanadyjskiej (Expedition Area, Wyspa Axel Heiberg)
10 Table of Contents Andrzej Massalski, Teresa Mrozińska, Maria A. Olech Ultrastructure of pioneer soil algae from King George Island West Antarctic (poster). 369 D. R. Murin, С. De Broyer, J. Siciński, P. Dauby Seasonal variation of distribution and new records of benthic amphipods (Crustacea) from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctic 371 Sezonowe zmiany w rozmieszczeniu oraz nowe dane o faunie obunogów (Crustacea, Amphipoda) Zatoki Admiralicji, Wyspa Króla Jerzego, Zachodnia Antarktyka Andrzej Tatur, J. C. Martinez-Macciaveüo, Jerzy Niegodzisz, Rodolfo del Valle A record of Holocene environmental changes in sediment core of Hotel Lake, King George Island, Antarctica 379 Zapis holoceńskich zmian środowiska w osadach jeziora Hotel, Wyspa Króla Jerzego, Antarktyka Anna Wąsik, Małgorzata Gołębiowska Loricae of not only Antarctic ciliates (poster) 391 Loriki orzęsków, nie tylko antarktycznych Bronisław Wojtuń, Jerzy Fabiszewski Chemical properties of freshwater environments in the Admiralty Bay region (West Antarctica) 393 Warunki chemiczne lądowych siedlisk wodnych w rejonie Zatoki Admiralicji (Zachodnia Antarktyka) Marek K. Zdanowski, Piotr Węgleński Ecophysiological description of soil bacteria in the neighbourhood of Arctowski Station (poster) 401 HUMANISTIC AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Adam Krawczyk The first Polish people on Spitsbergen the centenary of the Swedish Russian Arc - of - meridian Expedition 1899-1901 405 Pierwsi Polacy na Spitsbergenie w stulecie wyprawy szwedzko-rosyjskiej 1899-1901 Jacek Machowski Forty years of the Antarctic Treaty 409 40 lat Traktatu Antarktycznego Gennady G. Matishov Strategy of Arctic explorations in the current political and economical situation 415 O strategii badań arktycznych we współczesnej sytuacji polityczno-ekonomicznej Vadim Starkov Renardodden-1 settlement. A problem of chronology 417 Osada Renardodden-1. Problem chronologii VARIA Ryszard W. Schramm Polar explorers in "The Explorers' Club" 425 Monika Rogozińska The visit of an explorer - The President of the Explorers' Club in Poland 427 Odwiedziny polarnika - prezesa The Explorers' Club w Polsce
Dear Colleagues The 26 t h Polar Symposium takes place on the 25 t h anniversary (1974-1999) of the Polar Club's activity, which at present is a department of the Polish Geographical Society. Let us therefore recall the state of research of Polish polar studies at the time of the Club's foundation. It was most of all due to the remarkable expeditions of the Third International Geophysical Year (1957-1958) and to International Geophysical Co-operation (1959-1960), led by the famous polar explorer, Stanislaw Siedlecki, that the first Polish Scientific Polar Station was erected in Hornsund on Spitsbergen and that our polar studies received international acclaim. This acclaim which, among others, was expressed in the Summer of 1960 by visits to our station of those participating in the International Geological Congress (in Copenhagen) and participants of the International Geographical Congress (in Stockholm), during which Polish geologists and geographers presented the results of their research and conducted scientific field outings. Unfortunately, Polish scientific expeditions to southern Spitsbergen were interrupted after 1960 for a period of ten years. During that time, scientific research of Spitsbergen was continued by Poles, mainly in connection with expeditions of the Norwegian Polar Institute (K. Birkenmajer, S. Siedlecki, J. Szupryczyński), as well as in co-operation with British scientists (S. Baranowski). Ал expedition to Hornsund of the Polish Academy of Sciences, consisting of three explorers (S. Siedlecki, J. Pruchnicki, R. Teisseyre), took place in 1962 and an alpinistic expedition to southern and central Spitsbergen was led by Ryszard Schramm in 1965. We are indebted to the indomitable efforts of Prof. Stefan Manczarski who was the Scientific Secretary III. IGY at the end of 1958, for the first Polish scientific expedition to the Antarctica, under the leadership of Wojciech Krzemiński, taking place. This expedition took over from the Soviet Academy of Sciences its "Oazis" Station in Bunger Oasis (East Antarctica), renaming it: Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski Station, (a member of the Belgian expedition on the ship "Belgica" to West Antarctica (1897-1899). After two weeks of research in Bunger Oasis, the expedition returned home in 1959 and its members began energetic preparations for the next expedition (1959/60) which was to commence a lasting Polish commitment in studies of the Antarctic. Alas, just before the departure, intrigues caused by a highly politically motivated polar explorer, who was at loggerheads with the leader of the expedition, brought about the withdrawal of the State's financial support for the expedition. The second expedition to Dobrowolski Station was only able to be organized twenty years later by W. Krzemiński (1979/1980).
12 Opening adress of Professor K. Birkenmajer As in the case of Spitsbergen, so too Polish polar scientists (S. M. Zalewski and group, S. Rakusa-Suszczewski and others) are indebted to Prof. Stefan Manczarski for his continual support enabling them to revisit the iced continent, this time as members of Soviet and American expeditions, in the years preceding the erection of the Henryk Arctowski Station of the Polish Academy of Sciences on King George Island in the Southern Shetlands (West Antarctica), with Stanisław RakusaSuszczewski as their expedition leader. The idea of a return to Spitsbergen by Polish scientific expeditions after 1960, was kept alive in Polish polar circles. A committee, consisting of three members responsible for Geophysical Expedition affairs (K. Birkenmajer - president, S. Baranowski and J. Szupryczyński), was called to life in the sixties to work together with the State Geodetic and Geophysics Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences. This committee wrote memorials and consistently "bombarded" those in charge at the Polish Academy of Sciences over the revival of the Polish scientific presence at the Station in Hornsund. Unfortunately, all our efforts came to nothing: the scientific affairs secretary of the Third Department of the Polish Academy of Sciences always presented us with the same reply: "The Academy cannot support your endeavours, nor is it able to grant you financial support for an expedition, for the reason that the head of Polish expeditions to Spitsbergen decided to remain for good in Norway without the permission of the Polish Academy of Sciences". We then understood that we had to approach the matter in a different way. This was the point at which our senior colleague, Prof. Alfred Jahn, came to our rescue. Although he was discharged of his responsibility as Vice Chancellor of the University of Wrocław for his memorable defence of students against the repressions of the Communist authorities during the demonstrations of March 1968, he nonetheless still enjoyed a certain influence on the scientific and financial plans of his own Institute of Geography, where he had a group of young active scientists geomorphologists, glaciologists and climatologists, experienced in the domain of field research of the III. International Geophysical Year on Spitsbergen. It was therefore the University of Wrocław (to whom we owe our deep gratitude and appreciation!) which together with the Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences - the custodian of the Station at Hornsund - began in 1970 a new cycle of six expeditions to Spitsbergen (1970-1975). The Maritime Academy in Gdynia kindly placed at our disposal its ship "Jan Turlejski" at no cost whatsoever. And so we returned to the Station in Hornsund, this time under the leadership of Stan Baranowski, who conducted our summer expeditions in the years: 1970, 1971, 1973 and 1974; in 1971, he built a smaller station at the head of the Werenskiold Glacier, a station which today bears his name. In 1977, I conducted a Polish-American expedition to central Spitsbergen organized jointly with the Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences; there were four participants, among them was Janusz Jeleński. It was he who planned a general reconstruction of the Hornsund Station, which was carried out
Opening address of Professor K. Birkenmajer 13 by a well attended expedition of this Institute, led by Jan Szupryczyński. This time the expedition was financed with funds from the central budgeting department of the Polish Academy of Sciences which were allotted to us by a State decree. From then on, the Scientific Research Station of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Hornsund serves Polish scientific expeditions all the year round. After the expeditions of the III. International Geophysical Year, I met Stan Baranowski once again in Hornsund in 1962, when he was the leader of a Polish-British glaciological expedition, and yet again in 1970, when he organized the first expedition from Wroclaw and when I led a crew of four members on an expedition of the Norwegian Polar Institute, on which occasion my personal assistent was my own fifteen year old son, Iwo. In 1974, a group of Polish palaeontologists and geologists from the Department of Palaeozoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, of which I was head, took part in the Wroclaw expedition led also by Stan Baranowski; Alfred Jahn, our fellow from previous Spitsbergen expeditions, also took part. I met Stan Baranowski once again in the antarctic summer season of 19771978, during the II. Expedition to the H. Arctowski Station, which was conducted by our common friend and fellow of polar expeditions since 1957: Maciej Zalewski. This was unfortunately to be the last polar expediton of Stan: as a result of a fatal accident in Admiralty Bay on King George Island, Stan died a few months later in Poland. Enough said! Recollections of my personal forty year history of polar expeditions (1956-1999) have inundated my mind: memories of lasting friendships which grew during our polar expeditions. I feel that I ought to refer once again, before I finish, to this special occasion of the Jubilee of the 25 t h anniversary of the Polar Club's existence. It was founded in Wrocław in 1974 and for many years (1974-1982) its president was Professor Alfred Jahn. Our senior polar researcher passed away so unexpectedly in spring this year, on a journey from which there is no return. The Polar Club has experienced all sorts of events, it was even to transform itself into a Polish Polar Society. It has-however remained attached to the Polish Geographical Society, where it has attained to the status of a department, and this is, I believe, its proper place. And so, I wish the Polar Club, whose president for the consecutive last few years has been been Professor Pękala, a further 50, 75 and a hundred years: Vivat! Crescat! Floreat! Krzysztof Birkenmajer Honorary President of the Committee on Polar Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences к