An attempt at interpreting the condition of the subalpine spruce forests environment in the Sudety Mts. based on the characteristics of epigeic rove beetles communities (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) Andrzej Mazur Institute of Forest Entomology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, andrzejm@up.poznan.pl
Contents Staphylinidae as tools of forest ecosystem valorization Subalpine spruce forest is Features of epigeic rove beetles community O świerczynie górnoreglowej O kusakach w bioindykacji O kusakach w borach górnoreglowych
Staphylinidae step by step: zarys morfologii Leśnictwo w górach i rejonach przemysłowych, Kraków 22-23.09.2014 Diversity in : - morphology - taxonomy - ecology Short elytras + naked and moving abdomen Staphylinus caesareus Cederhjelm, 1798 www.colpolon.biol.uni.wroc.pl By M. Kozłowski. Chrząszcze Polski
Staphylinidae step by step: różnorodność morfologiczna Leśnictwo w górach i rejonach przemysłowych, Kraków 22-23.09.2014 Tachyusida gracilis (Er., 1837) Proteinus atomarius Er., 1840 Zdjęcia chrząszczy wg BOROWIEC L. 2009. Iconographia Coleopterorum Poloniae. www.colpolon.biol. uni.wroc.pl
Staphylinidae step by step: różnorodność taksonomiczna Scaphidium quadrimaculatum Ol., 1790 Pselaphus heisei Hrbst., 1792 Stenus ater Mann., 1831 Oxyporus rufus (L., 1758) Lordithon speciosus (Er., 1839) Quedius vexans Eppelsheim, 1881 Zdjęcia chrząszczy wg BOROWIEC L. 2009. Iconographia Coleopterorum Poloniae. www.colpolon.biol. uni.wroc.pl? Scydmaenus rufus Müller et Kunze, 1822
Examples of bioindication of forest ecosystems with the use of Staphylinidae Identification of species composition of communities for many types of forests: in Puszcza Białowieska Forest (Szujecki ed. 2001, 2006), for crowberry coniferous forests Empetro nigri- Pinetum (Smoleński 2000)
Phytosociological classification : Calamagrostio villosae-piceetum SCHLÜTER, 1969 = Plagiothecio-Piceetum hercynicum = Piceetum hercynicum Spruce forest conditioned by climate, forming subalpine forest in the Sudety Mts. and other mountains of the hercynian forest. Distribution in Poland: from ca. 1000 to 1390 m a.s.l. (Mały Szyszak) in the Karkonosze Mts., Izerskie Mts. on Śnieżnik Kłodzki, in the Bialskie Mts., in the top part of the Orlickie and Sowie Mts. - total 117.2 km 2
High mountain spruce forest and the environmental disasters from 1976-1990 * Dane po fotogrametrycznej inwentaryzacji stanu drzewostanów
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Research on Staphylinidae community of subalpine spruce forest in the Sudety Mts. by A. Mazur (2012) Fundamental questions: How do species of rove beetles live in the high mountain spruce forest? What can we say about Staphylinidae community in the subalpine spruce forest?
Research on Staphylinidae community of high mountain spruce forest in the Sudety Mts. by A. Mazur (2012) Period of research: 2004-2006 Field of research 30 plots (see map) Method of collecting: Barber s traps; 752 tests (24- hour trap) Analysis: quantitative structure dominant structure fidelity of the species to the habitat species variety and richness biomass structure similarity nature value.
Results quantitative structure and dominationtion Range N (number 0f species) n ((number of individulas Karkonosze 122 5 683 G. Izerskie 77 1 428 G. Sowie 60 553 Śnieżnik Kł. 75 4 846 Czarna Góra 68 583 G. Bialskie 92 1 909 Total 189 15 002 A. tibialis (Heer, 1839) Dominant species n D % Atheta tibialis (Heer, 1839) 4 010 26,73 A. aeneipennis Thoms., 1856 2 795 18,63 Quedius punctatellus (Heer, 1839) 1 587 10,58 A. aeneipennis Thoms., 1856 Q. punctatellus (Heer, 1839) Photo L. Borowiec, www.colpolon.uni.wroc.pl
Results quantitative structure and dominationtion Juvennile forests+ peat form of Cv- Piceetum Changeability of the number of species on the research plots
Results quantitative structure and dominationtion Ryc. 3.3.1. Zmiany liczebności najliczniejszych gatunków na powierzchniach badawczych (powierzchnie uszeregowano wg pasm górskich (Góry Bialskie: 1, 2, 16-18, Góry Izerskie: 11-12, Góry Sowie: 26-29, Czarna Góra: 19-21, Śnieżnik Kłodzki: 8-9, 22-25, Karkonosze: 3-7, 12-15, 30) Changes of the frequency of dominant species
Results relict species (specific) and alien (ubuquistic) species as an effect synantropization Share of relict (R) species is the highest in the Bialskie and Izerskie Mts. and on Śnieżnik Kłodzki. It remains on the average level in the Karkonosze Mts. It is higher in the grass variant of phytocoenosis The Puszcza Białowieska Forest index R = 10.2 Reseaaech plorts R = 17.4 Oxypoda parvipennis Eppelsheim, 1891 Foto: L. Borowiec, www.colpolon.uni.wroc.pl Ex coll. A. Mazur The Puszcza Białowieska Forest F 0 = 25.0 Research plots 11.46 Share of alien species (F 0 ) is the highest in the Izerskie Mts. And they haven t been noticed at all on Śnieżnik Kłodzki. It remains on the average level in the Karkonosze Mts. It is higher in the grass variant of phytocoenosis, and the lowest in the peat variant. Aleochara bipustulata (Linnaeus,1769) Foto: L. Borowiec, www.colpolon.uni.wroc.pl
Generally low biomass of communities at surprisingly high share of big forms in juvenile forests in the Izerskie and Sowie Mts. Graphic presentatiion of RBD index distribution of Staphylinidae communities on research plots
Biomass comparison Community biomass is defined with the number of individuals of Ph. decorus Subalpine forests: 7.66 315.57 The Puszcza Białowieska forest: 9526.0 Philonthus decorus (Grav., 1802)
Similarity analysis of the community Diagram drzewa Metoda Warda Ward's method Odległ. euklidesowa Community A. tibilis-a. aeneipennis Community A. tibilis-q. puntatellus Domination of A. aeneipennis Numer powierzchni badawczej Number of plots 29 1 17 23 26 19 5 28 21 12 30 27 20 2 16 18 74 10 22 14 6 11 24 8 25 13 15 39 0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 Odległość wiązania Linkage distance Plots similarity analysis (dimination of species) in the high mountain spruce forests by means of Ward s method
Ecologycal value of the community Forests in low mountains + juvenile stands + peat plots Forests in regenerating phase Destoyed stands Stable fostests ca. 200 year old Numer powierzchni Number of plot 21 1 28 19 5 23 17 26 12 29 30 14 2 zgrup. model. 16 6 20 22 27 18 74 25 13 24 10 11 15 3 8 9 Diagram drzewa Metoda Warda Odległ. euklidesowa 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Odległość wiązania Linkage dinstance Plots similaryty analysis (ecologycal value of the community) in the high mountain spruce forests by means of Ward s method
Hypothesis: Treeless phasse may favor an invasion of allien species
Marginal Effects Variable Var.N Lambda1 reg.dol 2 0.28 reg.gor 3 0.28 sci but 4 0.28 sci tra 5 0.28 dstan 1 0.18 Conditional Effects Variable Var.N LambdaA P F reg.dol 2 0.28 0.066 1.29 dstan 1 0.19 0.550 0.87 sci but 4 0.16 0.834 0.69 Environmental variables are not statistically significant for the species distribution Evaluation of the role of environmental variables for the distribution of Staphylinidae on ski routes on Szrenica Monte Carlo test, analysis CCA
Marginal Effects Variable Var.N Lambda1 reg.dol 2 0.07 reg.gor 3 0.07 sci but 4 0.05 sci tra 5 0.05 dstan 1 0.04 Conditional Effects Variable Var.N LambdaA P F reg.dol 2 0.07 0.298 1.17 dstan 1 0.04 0.576 0.71 sci but 4 0.03 0.718 0.42 Environmental variables are not statistically significant for the species distribution Evaluation of the role of environmental variables for the distribution of Staphylinidae on ski routes on Szrenica Monte Carlo test, analysis RDA
Conclusions (1) (old, 200-year old) forests of natural structure are characterized by: open and unstable communities, of high share of mountainous and forest species domination of mountainous species from the genus Atheta Thoms., whose frequency seems to depend on the kind of forest litter
Conclusions (2) Danse forests (no destruction) 15-170-year old forests are characterized by: unstable and unclosed communities of high share of mountainous and forest species domination of Atheta tibialis and Quedius punctatellus
Conclusions (3) The juvenile forests are characterized by: open and unstable communities, of high share of mountainous, alpine, arctic relict but also allien species domination of Atheta aeneipennis
Conclusions (4) Peat plots are stable and completely closed systems with specific species
Conclusions (5) The Sowie Mts. do not have alpine fauna at all
The End