Appendix 1 The Main Repre sen tatives of the Piast Dynasty (966 1230) Mieszko I Parents Siemomysł, legendary warlord, leader of the Polanie (wife unknown) Death Reign 25 May 992 c. 960 92 Marriage 1. seven pagan wives, according to the Gesta 2. c. 965 77: Dobrava, daughter of Boleslav I the Cruel of Bohemia 3. c. 979/80 92: Oda, daughter of Dytryk, margrave of Northern march Issue (number indicates marriage) 2. Bolesław (966/67 17 June 1025) Świętosława (Sigríð Storråda) (968/72 after 3 February 1014) 3. Mieszko (979/84 after 25 May 992) Świętopełk (979/85 before 25 May 992) Lambert (980/90 after 25 May 992)
222 Appendix 1 Bolesław I Chrobry (the Brave) Parents Mieszko I / Dobrava of Bohemia Birth and Death Reign 966/67 17 June 1025 992 1025, crowned 18 or 23 April 1025 Marriage 1. 984 85: unknown 2. 986 87/89: unknown 3. 987/89 1013: Emnilda, daughter of Dobromir of Lusatia 4. 1018 after 1018: Oda, daughter Ekkehard, margrave of Meissen Issue 2. Bezprym (c. 986 1032) 3. Regelinda (989/90 21 March 1030) Mieszko II Lambert (c. 990 10/11 May 1034) Otto (1000 33) 4. Matilde (1018/25 after May 1036) Mieszko II Lambert Parents Bolesław I Chrobry / Emnilda, daughter of Dobromir of Lusatia Birth and Death Reign c. 990 10/11 May 1034 1025 31, 1032 34, crowned 25 December 1025 Marriage 1. 1013 31: Richeza, daughter of Ezzo of Lorraine Issue 1. Kazimierz (25 July 1016 19 March 1058) Gertrude (c. 1025 4 January 1108)
The Main Repre sen tatives of the Piast Dynasty (966 1230) 223 Kazimierz I Odnowiciel (the Restorer) Parents Mieszko II Lambert / Richeza, daughter of Ezzo of Lorraine Birth and Death Reign 25 July 1016 (Kraków) 19 March 1058 (Poznań) 1034/38, 1039 58 Marriage 1. c. 1041 58: Dobroniega Maria, daughter of Vladimir the Great of Kiev Issue 1. Bolesław (1040/42 2/3 April 1081 or 1082) Władysław (1042/44 4 June 1102) Mieszko (16 April 1045 28 January 1065) Świętosława (Swatawa) (1046/48 1 September 1126) Otto (1046/48 1048) Bolesław II Szczodry (the Bold) Parents Kazimierz I Odnowiciel (the Restorer) / Dobroniega Maria, daughter of Vladimir the Great of Kiev Birth and Death Reign 1040/42 2/3 April 1081 or 1082 (Ossiach?) 1058 79, crowned 25 December 1076 Marriage 1. before 1069 1081/82: unknown princess of Rus Issue 1. Mieszko (12 April? 1069 7 January 1089) Władysław I Herman Parents Kazimierz I Odnowiciel (the Restorer) / Dobroniega Maria, daughter of Vladimir the Great of Kiev Birth and Death Reign 1042/44 4 June 1102 (Płock?) 1079 1102
224 Appendix 1 Marriage 1. A concubine, according to the Gesta 2. 1080/81 86: Judith, daughter of Vratislav II of Bohemia 3. 1088 after 1092: Judith Maria, daughter of Emperor Henry III Issue 1. Zbigniew (1070/73 c. 1112 or 8 July 1113) 2. Bolesław (20 August 1086 or 1085 28 October 1138) 3. daughter (1089/90 after 1112) Agnieszka (1090/91 29 December 1125) daughter (1091/92 after 1112) Bolesław III Krzywousty (the Wrymouth) Parents Władysław I Herman / Judith, daughter of Vratislav II of Bohemia Birth and Death 20 August 1086 or 1085 (Płock?) 28 October 1138 (Sochaczew?) Reign 1102 38 Marriage 1. 1103 14: Zbyslava, daughter of Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich, Grand Duke of Kiev 2. 1115 38: Salome, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg Issue 1. Władysław (1105 30 May 1159 or 30 May 1163) 2. Leszek (1115 26 August before 1131) Ryksa (1116 after 25 December 1155) daughter (1117/22?) Kazimierz (1117/22 19 October 1131) Bolesław (1121/22 5 January 1173) Gertrude (1126/35 7 May 1160) Mieszko (1122/25 13 March 1202) Dobroniega Ludgarda (1128/35 c. 1160) Henry (1126/33 18 October 1166) Judyta (1130/35 8 July 1171/75) Agnieszka (1137 after 1182) Kazimierz (1138 5 May 1194)
The Main Repre sen tatives of the Piast Dynasty (966 1230) 225 Władysław II Wygnaniec (the Exile) Parents Bolesław III Krzywousty (the Wrymouth) / Zbyslava, daughter of Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich, Grand Duke of Kiev Birth and Death Reign 1105 30 May 1159 or 30 May 1163 (Altenburg?) 1138 46 Marriage 1. 1120/26 1159/63: Agnes, daughter of Leopold III of Austria Issue 1. Bolesław (1127 7/8 December 1201) 2. Ryksa (1130/40 16 June c. 1185) 3. Mieszko (1141/46 16 May 1211) 4. Konrad (1146/57 17 January 1180/90) Bolesław I Wysoki (the Tall) Parents Władysław II Wygnaniec (the Exile) / Agnes, daughter of Leopold III of Austria Birth and Death Reign 1127 7/8 December 1201 (Wrocław) 1163 72: Silesia 1172 79/80, 1080/90 1201: Lower Silesia 1201: Opole 1179/80 1080/90: Legnica, Wrocław Marriage 1. 1142 c. 55: Zvenislava, daughter of Vsevolod II Olgovich, Grand Duke of Kiev 2. c. 1160 1201: Christina, a German noblewoman Issue 1. Jarosław (1143/60 22 March 1201) Olga (1155/60 27 June 1175/80) 2. Berta (? after 1163/74) Bolesław (1157/63 2/3 May 1175/81) Konrad (1160/68 5 July before 1190) Jan (c. 1169 before 1173) Henryk (1165/70 9 March 1238) 3. Władysław (1180/90 1190/1200) 4. Adelajda Zbysława (1165/72 29 March after 1213)
226 Appendix 1 Henryk I Brodaty (the Bearded) Parents Bolesław I Wysoki (the Tall) / Christina, a German noblewoman Birth and Death Reign 1165/70 (Legnica?) 19 March 1238 (Krosno Odrzańskie) 1231 38 Marriage 1. 1190/92 1238: Jadwiga, daughter of Bertold III, Count von Diessen-Andechs, Duke of Merania; in 1267 canonized by Pope Clement IV Issue 1. Bolesław (1192/94 10/11 September 1206/08) Konrad (1191/98 4/5 November 1213) Henryk (1196/1204 9 April 1241) Agnieszka (1190/1200 11 May before 1214) Zofia (1190/1200 22/23 March before 1214) Gertruda (c. 1200 6 or 30 December 1267) Anna Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy (the Curly) Parents Bolesław III Krzywousty (the Wrymouth) / Salome, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg Birth and Death Reign 1121/22 5 January1173 1146 73 Marriage 1. 1136/37 c. 1162/67: Viacheslava Anastasia, daughter of Vsevolod Mstislavich, prince of Novgorod 2. before 1168?: Maria Issue 1. Bolesław (c. 1150 72) daughter (before 1160?) Wierzchosława (c. 1160 2 January or 11/12 September after 1212) 2. Leszek (c. 1162 86)
The Main Repre sen tatives of the Piast Dynasty (966 1230) 227 Mieszko III Stary (the Old) Parents Bolesław III Krzywousty (the Wrymouth) / Salome, daughter of Henry Count of Berg Birth and Death Reign 1122/25 (Łęczyca?) 13 March 1202 (Kalisz) 1173 77, 1191, 1196/98, 1199/1200 02 Marriage 1. 1136/38 1150/54: Elizabeth, daughter of King Stefan II of Hungary 2. 1151/54 after 1187: Eudoxia, daughter of Iziaslav II, Grand Prince of Kiev by his first wife Agnes daughter of King Conrad III of Germany. Issue 1. Odon (c. 1145 20 April 1194) Stefan (c. 1150 68/77) Wierzchosława Ludmiła (before 1152 1223) Judyta (before 1154 after 12 December 1201) Elżbieta (c. 1152 2 April 1209) 2. Bolesław (1159 13 September 1195) Mieszko (1160/65 2 August 1193) Władysław (1161/62 February 1168 18 August or 3 November 1231) Salomea (1162/64 11 May after 1183) Anastazja (before 1164 after 31 May 1240) Henryk Sandomierski = Henry of Sandomierz Parents Bolesław III Krzywousty (the Wrymouth) / Salome, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg Birth and Death 1126/33 18 October 1166 Reign 1146 66: Lublin, Sandomierz, Wiślica
228 Appendix 1 Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy (the Just) Parents Bolesław III Krzywousty (the Wrymouth) / Salome, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg Birth and Death Reign 1138 5 May 1194 (Kraków) 1177 94 Marriage 1. c. 1165 94: Helena, daughter of Conrad II of Znojmo of the House of Přemyslid Issue 1. daughter (c. 1166 after 1178) Kazimierz (1162/66 1 March 1168) Bolesław (c. 1168 16 April 1182) Adelajda (c. 1179 8 December 1211) Leszek (1184/85 23/24 November 1227) Konrad (1187/88 30/31 August 1247) Odon (? 15 May?) Leszek I Biały (the White) Parents Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy (the Just) / Helena, daughter of Conrad II of Znojmo of the House of Přemyslid Birth and Death 1184/85 23/24 November 1227 (Marcinkowo k. Gąsawy) Reign in Kraków 1194 96/98, 1196/98 1199/1200, 1202 or 1206 10, 1211 27 Marriage 1. 1207 27: Grzymisława, daughter of Ingvar of Kiev, Grand Prince of Kiev and Prince of Lutsk of the House of Rurik Issue 1. Salomea (1211/12 17 November 1268) Bolesław (21 June 1226 7 December 1279)
The Main Repre sen tatives of the Piast Dynasty (966 1230) 229 Konrad Mazowiecki (Conrad of Mazovia) Parents Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy (the Just) / Helena, daughter of Conrad II of Znojmo of the House of Přemyslid Birth and Death Reign in Kraków 1187/88 31 August 1247 1241 43 Marriage 1. 1207/10 47: Agafia, daughter of Svyatoslav III Igorevich, Prince of Peremyshl Issue 1. Bolesław (1209/11 25 February 1248 7 April 1249) Kazimierz (1211/13 14 December 1267) Siemowit (c. 1215 23 June 1262) Eudoksja (c. 1215/25 after 1240) Siemomysł (1216/28 10 July 17 September 1241) Ludmiła (before 1226?) Salomea (c. 1220/25?)
Appendix 2 The Chronology of Polish History c. 920 1230 920 40 Earliest archaeological evidence of the existence of Piast strongholds in Greater Poland. c. 950 60 Mieszko s ascent to power over Greater Poland, Cuyavia, and Mazovia. 963 65 Earliest written evidence of military conflict between Mieszko I and the Empire. Mieszko I is defeated by Margrave Gero and as amicus imperatoris pledges allegiance to Emperor Otto I. 965 A Christian, Dobrava of Bohemia daughter of Boleslav I the Cruel, marries a pagan, Mieszko I. 966 Mieszko I is baptized. The symbolic baptism of Poland and the beginning of the Christianization of Mieszko s subjects. 967 Mieszko I extends his rule to include Pomerania. 972 Hodo, margrave of the Lusatia March is defeated by Piast forces at the battle of Cedynia. Before 990 Mieszko I extends his territory to include Silesia and Lesser Poland. In the charter Dagome iudex, Mieszko and his wife and their sons place the Piast realm under the protection of the Holy See. 992 After the death of Mieszko I, his eldest son, Bolesław I Chrobry consolidates his rule over the realm by banishing his stepmother Oda and stepbrothers Mieszko, Lambert, and Otto. 997, 23 April Adalbert (Vojtěch), Bishop of Prague, leader of a mission to the Prussians is martyred by the pagans.
232 Appendix 2 1000, 7 15 March Emperor Otto III makes a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Adalbert in Gniezno. During the Congress of Gniezno between Otto III and Bolesław I, the Emperor announces that Pope Sylvester II has decided to establish a Polish metropolitan see in Gniezno composed of dioceses in Kraków (Lesser Poland), Wrocław (Silesia), and Kołobrzeg (Pomerania). Otto III declares the Polish ruler a new frater et cooperator imperii, populi Romani socius et amicus. Bolesław accompanies the Emperor s return journey to Germany. At Aachen, Otto presents Bolesław a throne chair as a gift. They agree to the betrothal of Bolesław s son Mieszko II Lambert to Otto s niece Richeza of Lorraine. 1003 18 Bolesław I and Emperor Henry II wage a series of military campaigns for control of Lusatia and Meissen. In 1018 a peace treaty is concluded at Bautzen (mod. Budziszyn, Poland) and Lusatia remains under Bolesław s rule. The peace is confirmed by the marriage of Bolesław to Oda of Meissen, daughter of Eckard I. 1018 Bolesław I conquers Kiev and gains temporary control over Kievian Rus. 1025 Bolesław I is crowned king shortly before his death. His son and successor, Mieszko II Lambert, is crowned shortly after his accession. 1027 31 A war between Mieszko II and Emperor Conrad II. The Polish king is deposed and exiled in a rebellion which places his brother Bezprym on the throne. Mieszko abdicates. 1034 Mieszko II dies after his return to Poland in 1032. In the wake of the sudden death of Bezprym, Mazovia, Silesia, and Pomerania gain independence from the Piasts. Mieszko is succeeded by his son Kazimierz. 1034 38 The Pagan Reaction destroys the administrative structures of the Church in Poland. 1038 The Bohemian invasion plunders Poland. The relics of Saint Adalbert are removed from Gniezno. 1039 Kazimierz I with the help of the Emperor regains control over Greater Poland and Lesser Poland. Kraków becomes the capital of the monarchy. 1047 48 Kazimierz assisted by troops from Rus conquers Mazovia, Silesia, and Pomerelia. 1058 After the death of Kazimierz I the Restorer, his oldest son Bolesław II succeeds to the throne. A younger son, Władysław I Herman rules Mazovia under Bolesław s suzerainty. 1060 70 A series of wars and interventions in Kievian Rus (1069, 1077), Bohemia (1068 71), and Hungary (1060, 1063) by Bolesław II. The Polish ruler supports the anti-imperial opposition. Pomerania gains independence from Poland. 1075 The metropolitan see of Gniezno is re-established together with the dioceses of Poznań, and Wrocław. A new bishopric is erected at Płock.
The Chronology of Polish History c. 920 1230 233 1076, 25 December Legates of Pope Gregory VII attend the coronation of Bolesław II as king of Poland. Bolesław is consecrated without the approval of the Emperor. 1079 Bolesław II is driven into exile after a magnates revolt linked to his execution of Bishop Stanisław of Kraków. The king is deposed and forced into exile and his younger brother, Władysław I Herman is elevated to the Polish throne. 1080 Marriage of Władysław I Herman to Judith, daughter of Vratislav II of Bohemia. 1081 Bolesław II dies in Hungary in exile. 1086 The son of Władysław I Herman, Bolesław III, is born. 1088 Mieszko, son of Bolesław II, who returned to Poland in 1085 and married a princess from Rus dies: possibly murdered. 1090 A series of skirmishes between the forces of Władysław I Herman and pagan Pomeranians. 1093 The Rebellion of Władysław I Herman s natural son Zbigniew, against his father for control of Silesia. Zbigniew and his half-brother Bolesław III unite against their father s palatinate, Sieciech. Whilst retaining control of strategic strongholds across the realm and direct rule of Mazovia, Władysław I Herman places Zbigniew in control of Greater Poland; Bolesław III is given control of Silesia and Lesser Poland. 1101 Further factional conflict within the ruling elites of the realm. Zbigniew and Bolesław III force the exile of their father from the palatinate of Sieciech. 1102 Władysław I Herman dies. Zbigniew and Bolesław III decide to rule together. 1105 06 Bolesław III fights with Bohemian forces and establishes a close alliance with Kievian Rus, and Koloman, King of Hungary. 1106 08 Bolesław accuses Zbigniew of supporting Bohemian intervention in Polish affairs and supporting an alliance with the Pomeranians. Bolesław forces Zbigniew into exile. Zbigniew seeks help from Bohemia and Emperor Henry V. 1109 Emperor Henry V acts to reassert his supremacy over Central Europe. His troops invade the Piast realm aiming to replace Bolesław III with Zbigniew on the Polish throne. Bolesław preempts a Czech attack and invades Bohemia in 1110. 1111 Bolesław agrees to a truce with the Emperor. Zbigniew returns to Poland and apparently reconciles with Bolesław. He is soon accused of treason and blinded, and dies not long after. Bolesław performs public penance in atonement for his brother s death. Bolesław goes on a pilgrimage to the sanctuary of Saint Gilles in Hungary and to the shrine of Saint Adalbert in Gniezno (1112). 1115 19 Conquest of Pomerelia.
234 Appendix 2 1119 22 Final conquest of Pomerania and submission of Pomeranian rulers to Bolesław III. 1124 25, 1128 At the behest of Bolesław III, Otto, Bishop of Bamberg leads the missions to the Pomeranians. 1131 34, 1135 Polish interventions in Hungary; Czech invasions in Poland. Bolesław III is defeated. Bolesław accepts Emperor Lothar III as the suzerain of Pomerania and Rügen Island. 1138, 28 Oct. Bolesław III Wrymouth dies. 1138 46 Władysław II the Exile is the suzerain (princeps) of Poland. 1144 46 Civil war between Władysław II and his half-brothers, the Piast Juniors. Władysław is deposed and exiled. 1146 73 Bolesław IV the Curly is the suzerain (princeps) of Poland. 1157 Emperor Frederick Barbarossa invades Poland to force the return of Władysław II. Bolesław IV pays homage to the Emperor. Return of Władysław s heirs to Poland. Bolesław IV grants them Silesia as their domain. 1173 77 Mieszko III the Old is the suzerain (princeps) of Poland. 1177 94 Resulting from a coup involving the magnates of Lesser Poland led by Bishop Gedko of Kraków, Kazimierz II the Just ascends the throne of Kraków as the suzerain (princeps) of Poland. 1180 The Council of Łęczyca. The provisions of the Act of Succession are modified to facilitate the descendants of Kazimierz II to inherit the throne of Kraków. The Church receives a number of privileges. 1195 After the death of Kazimierz II, Mieszko III attempts to seize the throne. Battle of Mozgawa. His rule is accepted in 1198. 1202 After the death of Mieszko III, Leszek the White, son of Kazimierz II, ascends to the throne. 1202 38 The reign of Henryk I Brodaty (the Bearded) in Silesia. 1215 The Council of Wolborz. Concessions for the Church. 1220 Intensification of Prussian raids into Mazovia and the land of Chełmno. 1228 The granting of Chełmno to the Teutonic Order by Conrad of Mazovia. 1227 The assassination of Leszek the White. 1230 Pope Gregory IV confirms grants of land and immunities for the Teutonic Order in Mazovia and Prussia.
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