Metropolization : Local Development and Government in Poland

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Teodor Chmielewski
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1 Metropolization : Local Development and Government in Poland Lydia COUDROY DE LILLE Université Lumière-Lyon 2 & Centre Géophile - Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Lyon OCDE- International Conference 6-7 June 2005, Trento «Defend your commune!», before the administrative reform of of 2002 (COUDROY, 2002) 1

et Sciences Humaines de Lyon OCDE- International Conference 6-7 June 2005, Trento

2 Introduction Poland in advance in providing territorial reforms but not in the capital city The pressures of metropolization : economical concentration and political decentralization Which consequences on the territorial design? 1. HESITATIONS ABOUT THE TERRITORIAL FRAMEWORK Communal model? The faith in the local tier as a basis for the building of democracy Metropolitan model? A large-bounded territory and an urban government above the communes 2

design? 1. HESITATIONS ABOUT THE TERRITORIAL FRAMEWORK Communal model?

3 1.1.«Union of communes» ( ) The first step of the territorial and administrative reform : decentralization only at the communal tier The local autonomy applied to the capital city Administrative structure of the Voivodship ( ) Name Voivodship (Wojewódtzwo warszawskie) City = Union of communes (Związek gmin) Communes (Gmina) = districts (dzielnica) Tiers of the territorial structure Number of units Population (1000) Legislative power Executive power head of the _ City council (rada miasta) all together Council : elected by the universal suffrage : indirect suffrage Commune council City (Urząd miejski) Commune (Urząd City President (Prezydent miasta) Mayor (Burmistrz) 3

(dzielnica) Tiers of the territorial structure Number of units Population (1000) Legislative power Executive power head of the 1 2410 _ 1 1655 City council (rada miasta) 7 1655

4 Territorial divisions of ( ) Map : Coudroy de Lille UMR 8504 Géophile, The «system» ( ) Additional tier : the districts Unequal system, at the advantage of the inner-city Increasing territorial fragmentation 4

5 Administrative structure of the Voivodship ( ) Tiers Name Number Population (1000) voivodship (Województwo Warszawskie) Capital city (Miasto stołeczne Warszawa) Commune (Gmina) Legislative power Executive power head of the City council (rada miasta) 68 members in Council of the commune + City (zarząd miasta) City President (Prezydent miasta) = mayor of the commune Districts of the commune (Dzielnica) 10 Council : elected by the universal suffrage : indirect suffrage 655 in the others 10 commune councils (rada gminy) 7 Council of district (rada Commune (zarząd gminy) College of District (Urząd Mayors of the other 10 communes (burmistrz) Director (Dyrektor) Territorial divisions of ( ) 5

(Prezydent miasta) = mayor of the commune Districts of the commune (Dzielnica) 10 Council : elected by the universal suffrage : indirect suffrage 655 in the others 10 commune councils

6 1.3.The local governement sank into the territorial reform ( ) One more tier : the powiat A new region : the Mazowsze Voivodship Confused reform in A larger region around 6

7 Mazowsze and its counties (powiat) Administrative structure of the Voivodship ( ) Tier Name Number Population (1000) Mazowsze voivodship (Województwo mazowieckie) County (Powiat warszawski) City = Union of communes (Związek gmin) the commune + 10 other communes (gminy) Districts in (Dzielnica) Legislative power Voivodship Council (Sejmik wojewódzki) County council powiatu) Council of miasta) together Council : elected by the universal suffrage : indirect suffrage Commune council of + 10 other communal councils gminy) 7 District councils Dzielnica) Voivodship wojewódtzwa) County (Starostwo powiatowe) City miasta) Executive of gminy) 10 other communal s District s Executive power head of the Marshal (Marszałek) Starost (Starosta) President of the city (Prezydent miasta) = mayor of the commune + 10 mayors in other communes (Burmistrz) District directors (Dyrektor) 7

1 1642 Council of miasta) 11 1000 600 together Council : elected by the universal suffrage : indirect suffrage Commune council of + 10 other communal councils gminy) 7 District councils Dzielnica)

8 1.4.The new administrative framework : dilution of communes (2002) Back to centralism Personalisation of the Mayor s election NUTS tiers NUTS2 Administrative structure of since 2002 Tiers Name Number Population (1000) Mazowsze voivodship (Województwo mawowieckie) Legislative power Voivodship assembly (Sejmik wojewódzki) Voivodship wojewódzki) Executive Power Name of the head of the Marshal (Marszałek) NUTS3= NUTS4= NUTS5 City of (Miasto stołeczne Warszawa)= County of (Warszawski Powiat)= Commune of (Gmina Warszawy) - Districts of (Dzielnica) Council : elected by the universal suffrage : indirect suffrage County council powiatu) 60 members together District council County miejksi) District President of (Prezydent Warszawy) Mayor (Burmistrz) 8

of the Marshal (Marszałek) NUTS3= NUTS4= NUTS5 City of (Miasto stołeczne Warszawa)= County of (Warszawski Powiat)= Commune of (Gmina Warszawy) - Districts of (Dzielnica) Council : elected by

9 Territorial divisions of (since 2002) 2.LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND DEVELOPMENT metropolis? The ambiguities of local democracy 9

10 Urban development and territorial framework Emerging of the power of inner-city in an «egalitarian» territorial structure The choice of territorial structure confirming the leadership of in a contexte of strong metropolization Since 2002 Back to centralization Metropolization without metropolia Back to territorial centralization and to economical growth in..but were is the metropolitan area? 10

leadership of in a contexte of strong metropolization Since 2002 Back to centralization Metropolization

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