61 Past Simple - Present Perfect

61 Past Simple - Present Perfect Czas Past Simple jest czasem przeszłym. Stosuje się go do opisu czynności dokonanych w zamkniętym przedziale czasowym. Moment lub czas wykonania czynności jest zwykle zdefiniowany. Past Simple może opisywać czynności pojedyncze, I went to the theatre yesterday. Wczoraj poszedłem do teatru. Mr Nelson telephoned me two weeks ago. Pan Nelson telefonował do mnie dwa tygodnie temu. lub czynności, które wykonywane były dłużej lub regularnie przez dany okres czasu. Howard worked in the bank for three years. We had exams last week. Howard pracował w tym banku przez trzy lata. W zeszłym tygodniu mieliśmy egzaminy. Czynność opisana w czasie Past Simple nie ma żadnego związku z teraźniejszością, nie wskazuje też na żaden skutek. Past Simple opisuje wyłącznie fakt wykonania - zakończenia danej czynności w przeszłości. Niekiedy czynność rozpoczęta w przeszłości jest kontynuowana w teraźniejszości. Definiując moment rozpoczęcia takiej czynności, należy zastosować czas Past Simple. It started raining two hours ago. Our lesson began at eight a.m. Zaczęło padać dwie godziny temu (nadal pada). Nasza lekcja rozpoczęła się o ósmej (i trwa). Czas Present Perfect, mimo iż może opisywać czynności dokonane - zakończone - nie jest czasem przeszłym, toteż nigdy nie stosuje się z nim określeń czasu przeszłego. Present Perfect wskazuje na skutek wykonanej czynności, wywierający istotny wpływ na sytuację w czasie teraźniejszym. We have bought a house. Kupiliśmy dom (mamy gdzie mieszkać) They have gone to Spain. Oni pojechali do Hiszpanii (są tam nadal) Present Perfect opisuje czynności wykonane w nadal trwającym okresie czasu. Takim okresem czasu może być etap życia danej osoby np. I have been to Rome. - Byłem (już kiedyś) w Rzymie ( i mogę tam jeszcze pojechać). He has painted a few pictures this year. - On namalował kilka obrazów w tym roku (może namalować kolejne jeszcze w tym roku) Present Perfect może opisywać czynność wciąż trwającą, a więc wykonywaną od przeszłości do chwili obecnej. Stosując przysłówki for - przez oraz since - od, można określić jak długo lub od kiedy dana czynność jest wykonywana I have worked in the office for five years. Tom has practised judo since 1988. Pracuję w tym biurze od pięciu lat / przez pięć lat. Tom uprawia judo od roku 1988. We have learned English for three years. My uczymy się angielskiego od trzech lat. She has studied since October. Ona studiuje od października. 128 Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166

I. Podaj poprawną odpowiedź. 1. Eric gave / has given me your phone number last Monday. 2. I don t remember her name. I forgot / have forgotten it. 3. We have moved / moved to Prague in 1985. 4. Our neighbours visited / have visited us three times this month. 5. Somebody has left / left this bag for you yesterday. 6. My sister has known / knew Paul since January. 7. I learnt / have learnt this poem five days ago. 8. Cindy and Adam have met / met last December. 9. They built / have built the house for seven years now. 10. Greg s wife started / has started working in our school one month ago. II. Uzupełnij zdania poprawną formą czasownika. 1. Simon... (go) to school by bus yesterday. 2. We... (live) in Warsaw for ten years. 3. Susan... (sell) her car last month. 4. Aunt Diane... (visit) us two weeks ago. 5. Mr Jenkins... (work) in the factory in 1995. 6. Alice... (know) Adam for many years. 7. I... (borrow) this guidebook from John last April. 8. Michael... (just / meet) his teacher. They are talking now. 9. The Parkers... (live) in this old house many years ago. 10. We... (go) to the new cinema five times this year. 11. Columbus... (discover) America in 1492. 12. My brother... (break) his arm. He is wearing it in plaster. 13. John and Eva... (be) married for six months. 14. It... (start) snowing one hour ago. 15. Mr Tench... (catch) eleven fish since morning. III. Ułóż zdania stosując właściwy czas. 1. Mike / live abroad / since 1997... 2. He / travel to Greece / last summer... 3. You / learn German / for four years... 4. We / be friends / since 2001... 5. Ann / pass her exams / a month ago... 6. Kevin / paint pictures / for six years... 7. I / be ill / since yesterday... 8. My friend / just / lose his passport... 129 Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166

60 Czas Present Perfect - pytanie i przeczenie I. 1. Have 2. Has 3. Have 4. Has 5. Have 6. Has 7. Have 8. Have II. 1. Has Alice ever eaten snails? 2. Have you ever watched the comedy? 3. Has Rob ever missed his school bus? 4. Have/Has the team ever lost a game? 5. Have the people ever been to Poland? 6. Has the dog ever bitten you? 7. Has Adam ever made a bonfire? 8. Have you ever worked in a factory? 9. Have I ever met Ms Jones? 10. Have they ever stayed alone? III. 1. No, he has not taken any photos. 2. No, I have not been to Las Vegas. 3. No, she has not cooked dinner. 4. No, they have not moved out. 5. No, we have not forgotten our keys. 6. No, the child has not broken his arm. 7. No, they have not written any letters. 8. No, it has not stopped snowing. IV. 1. Przykład 2. No, Jim has never met Mr Clinton. 3. No, Lisa has never gone sailing. 4. No, they have never been to Thailand. 5. No, I have never seen a ghost. 61 Past Simple - Present Perfect I. 1. gave 2. have forgotten 3. moved 4. have visited 5. left 6. has known 7. learnt 8. met 9. have built 10. started II. 1. went 2. have lived 3. sold 4. visited 5. worked 6. has known 7. borrowed 8. has just met 9. lived 10. have gone 11. discovered 12. has broken 13. have been 14. started 15. has caught III. 1. Mike has lived abroad since 1997. 2. He travelled to Greece last summer. 3. You have learned/learnt German for four years. 4. We have been friends since 2001. 5. Ann passed her exams a month ago. 6. Kevin has painted pictures for six years. 7. I have been ill since yesterday. 8. My friend has just lost his passport. 62 Czas Present Perfect Continuous - zdanie twierdzące I. 1. Adam has been telling jokes. 2. We have been cooking lunch. 3. They have been playing basketball. 4. I have been cleaning the cellar. 5. You have been watching television. 6. Mary has been getting ready. 7. Our parents have been travelling. 8. The dog has been swimming. 9. The children have been making noise. 10. It has been snowing. 215 Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166

11 PRESENT PERFECT - PAST SIMPLE I. Wybierz poprawną formę czasownika. 1. Mr Wilson won / has won a million in a lottery last year. 2. Have you known / Did you know Brian since childhood? 3. I didn't see / haven't seen my grandparents for ages. 4. When has he moved / did he move out? 5. Susan has had / had a lot of friends when she was a young girl. 6. Our neighbours borrowed / have borrowed our lawn-mower a few days ago. 7. Mrs Perkins worked / has worked in the factory since 1978. 8. My boss has been / was on holiday for two weeks now. 9. What did you eat / have you eaten for lunch yesterday afternoon? 10. How long has Tom stayed / did Tom stay abroad now? 11. I'm sorry I haven't finished / didn't finish writing the report yet. 12. People have worn / wore different clothes in the sixties. 13. 'Has Cindy returned / Did Cindy return from the voyage?' 'No, not yet.' 14. We decided / have decided to build a new house next year. 15. Did you ever study / Have you ever studied foreign languages? II. Popraw błędy w zdaniach. (!!! Niektóre zdania są poprawne.) 1. Jason has visited us twice since last November. 2. I just cut my finger. It's bleeding. 3. Since when did Mr Grant keep sheep? 4. Have you talked to Alan today? 5. We didn't go to the gallery yet. 6. Did your friends ever forget about your birthday? 7. You haven't started working last week. 8. Mr Newt phoned three times this afternoon. 9. Has Napoleon died in France? 10. The Barkleys haven't thanked for our help yet. 11. Did you send your postcards yet? 12. Hank and I have known each other for two years. 13. Sue's not at home. She went to the cinema. 14. We haven't had much time to spare last weekend. 15. When have they invited you for dinner last time? - 46 -

III. Uzupełnij zdania poprawną formą czasownika. 1. make a. They shoes in this factory for years. b. The children too much noise last night. 2. repair a. My husband the iron a few days ago. b. I'm sorry we (not) your car yet. 3. buy a. When (Mr Thomas) this house? b. Nobody this piece of land as yet. 4. get up a. (your children) yet? b. What time (you) this morning? 5. fail a. How many exams (George) so far? b. I my maths test last week. 6. swim a. (you / ever) in the ocean? b. Last holiday, we in the sea a lot. 7. answer a. Professor Graham (not) my question yet. b. Who the phone when you rang? 8. teach a. Two years ago, Mr Keaton us English. b. How long (Ms Lee) in your school? 9. book a. We a room for you, sir. When are you arriving? b. I a seat but I didn't go to see the game. 10. turn off a... (you) the TV before going to bed last night? b. It's dark here. Somebody the lights. IV. Uzupełnij zdania czasownikami w poprawnej formie. 1. I (be) in love with Linda ever since we (meet) at a party last year. 2. We (have) that dog since we (find) it in front of our house several months ago. - 47 -

4. Ever since he (retire) he (read) more than a hundred books. 5. Joseph (not talk) to me ever since we (quarrel) in June. 6. You (drink) at least five cups of coffee since you (come). 7. Since I (begin) my studies I (make) quite a few good friends. 8. How many operations (John / have) since he (go) to hospital three weeks ago? 9. Ever since Ralph (see) that girl he (not stop) thinking about her. 10. Mr Tanner (make) more than a thousand kilometres since he (buy) his new car. IV. Uzupełnij zdania czasownikami w poprawnej formie. 1. What (your friends / give) you for your last birthday? 2. Sam (never / fly) on a jet plane before. 3. Since last year they (sell) hundreds of their computers. 4. Unfortunately, the weather (not improve) since March. 5. (you / think) hard before choosing your career, dad? 6. Eva's parents (get) married when they were both thirty. 7. I'm awfully tired. I (not sleep) well since our neighbours (start) renovating their flat. 8. (you / plant) any flowers this year, Mary? 9. In the fifties, children (not play) with such unusual toys. 10. Since when (Tim / drive) the company car? 11. Paul last (phone) me ages ago. 12. I (not pay) my bills yet. I'll do it soon. 13. This a bad dog. It (bite) me some time ago. 14. You (not wear) that cap last winter. 15. (the Greens / ever / rent) their flat to anyone? 16. It (be) so hot for two weeks now. 17. Marks remembers he (not behave) well as a child. 18. I (never / use) such complicated program before. 19. How many windows (you / wash) since morning, Gill? 20. There (be) a big storm in the area for five days. - 48 -

11. Has your wife ever cooked 12. has the secretary answered 13. does your neighbour keep 14. have not had 15. sets 16. Has your train arrived 17. have not worked 18. never asks 19. have not introduced 20. Have these young people ever hired VII. 1. Paul and I have known each other for ten years. 2. Does Mr Brown write books for children? 3. I have just repaired your phone. 4. How long have you lived in this city? 5. Janet never asks me for help. 6. Have you ever been to Paris? 7. I have not done my homework (as) yet. 8. Our parents usually get up at six. 9. Have you met Betty today? 10. Since when has Robert worked in your shop? 11 PRESENT PERFECT - PAST SIMPLE I. 1. won 2. Have you known 3. haven't seen 4. did he move out 5. had 6. borrowed 7. has worked 8. has been 9. did you eat 10. has Tom stayed 11. haven't finished 12. wore 13. Has Cindy returned 14. have decided 15. Have you ever studied II. 1. OK 2. I have just cut 3. Since when has Mr Grant kept 4. OK 5. We haven't gone to 6. Have your friends ever forgotten 7. You didn't start working 8. Mr Newt has phoned 9. Did Napoleon die 10. OK 11. Have you sent 12. OK 13. She has gone to 14. We didn't have much time 15. When did they invite you III. 1. a) have made b) made 2. a) repaired b) have not repaired 3. a) did Mr Thomas buy b) has bought 4. a) Have your children got up b) did you get up 5. a) has George failed b) failed 6. a) Have you ever swum b) swam 7. a) has not answered b) answered 8. a) taught b) has Ms Lee taught 9. a) have booked b) booked 10. a) Did you turn off b) has turned off IV. 1. have been, met 2. have had, found 3. have got, started 4. retired, has read 5. has not talked, quarrelled 6. have drunk, came 7. began, have made 8. has John had, went 9. saw, has not stopped 10. has made, bought V. 1. did your friends give 2. has never flown 3. have sold 4. has not improved 5. Did you think 6. got 7. have not slept, started 8. Have you planted 9. did not play 10. has Tom driven 11. phoned 12. have not paid 13. bit 14. did not wear 15. Have the Greens ever rented 16. has been 17. did not behave 18. have never used 19. have you washed 20. has been 12 PRESENT SIMPLE - PRESENT PERFECT - PAST SIMPLE I. 1. has been 2. cooks 3. were 4. did he last tell 5. have never climbed 6. has repaired 7. have they hired 8. doesn't usually chase 9. have they gone 10. haven't bought 11. didn't behave 12. Do you normally take 13. have loved 14. didn't take 15. haven't seen 16. have been 17. visited 18. have you driven 19. left 20. have ever had, doesn't pick - 155 -