LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND DELIVER FOR BIOREFINERIES Mariusz Stolarski, Stefan Szczukowski, Józef Tworkowski, Michał Krzyżaniak University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
PRESENTATION PLAN Introduction situation in Poland Productivity of chosen perennial energetic plants Harvest technology and biomass logistic chain Conclusions
Structure of energy production in Poland [%] (GUS 2010) year 2020 15%
Structure of renewable energy production in Poland and in the EU-25 (GUS 2011)
The share of non-forests biomass in total use of biomass in energy production (Regulation of the Minister of Economy of 14 August 2008, J. of Laws no. 156, item 969)
Perennial energetic plants
Miscanthus sinnensis giganteus
Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby)
Salix viminalis
Eko-Salix
The area of energy crops for solid biomass production in Poland in 2009 (ha) (Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture) Salix 6 160 Populus 648 Betula 17 Alnus 6 Miscanthus x giganteus 1 833 Perennial grasses 1 364 Phalaris arundinacea 53 Sida hermaphrodita 122 Total 10 202
Perennial energy plants in the structure of agricultural land Agricultural land ca 15.5 mln ha The area perennial energy plants 2010 r. ca 10,000 ha The area perennial energy plants 2020 r. ca 500,000 ha % of Agricultural land 0.06% % of Agricultural land 3.23%
Projected area of arable land for agrienergy purposes in Poland in 2020 year [Budzyński et al. 2009, Kuś i Faber 2009]
Productivity of chosen perennial energy plants
MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE YIELD OF BIOMASS
alluvial humus clay soil
alluvial humus clay soil
Biomass yield of chosen perennial energy plants - UWM in Olsztyn (Tworkowski i in. 2010) Mean Rosa multiflora Salix dasyclados Salix viminalis Reynoutria sachalinensis Reynoutria japonica Silphium perfoliatum Helianthus tuberosus Sida hermaphrodita Spartina pectinata Miscanthus sinensis Miscanthus sacchariflorus Miscanthus x giganteus
Yield of biomass of chosen perennial energy plants ISSPC-SRI, WULS and UWM in Olsztyn (Tworkowski i in. 2010) Miscanthus x giganteus Sida hermaphrodita Willow
Yield of willow biomass in selected researches
Poplar yields in selected researches (Stolarski 2011)
Yields of miscanthus in some European researches [Lewandowski i in. 2000] Country Plantation age (years) Yield (t d.m. ha -1 year -1 ) Remarks Denmark 4-6 7-15 70- kg N ha -1 Germany 3-4 4-20 80 kg N ha -1 UK 3 10-15 - Switzerland 1-2 13-19 0-80 kg N ha -1 Austria 3 22 No reaction for N if dose bigger than 80 kg/ha Italy 2-3 30-32 120 kg N ha -1, irrigation Spain 4 14-34 0-120 kg N ha -1, no influence on yield Greece 2 44 Fertilization and frequent irrigation Turkey 3 28 0-200 kg N ha -1, low influence of N fertilization
Harvest technology and biomass logistic chain
Two-stage woody biomass harvest
Two-stage woody biomass harvest - bundling
Two-stage woody biomass harvest - storage
Two-stage woody biomass harvest - transport
Two-stage woody biomass harvest - Biobaler Harvest and baling of biomass in one drive (Stolarski 2010)
Two-stage biomass harvest - chipping
Two-stage woody biomass harvest
Storage of whole stems
Two-stage woody biomass harvest - chipping willow chipping
Two-stage woody biomass harvest - willow chpis
Storage of wood chips
Straw harvest technology
Two-stage straw biomass collection
Two-stage straw biomass collection
Two-stage straw biomass collection Field and short distance transport
Two-stage straw biomass collection Long distance transport
Storage of straw bales on ground and in storeroom
Storage of straw bales on the concrete surface
Two-stage straw biomass collection - chipping
CONCLUSIONS Perennial energy plants has a very high productivity potential but we have to remember about plantation management, suitable species and variety of the soil conditions. The average yield from commercial plantations on good soils, will range from 9 to 15 t/ha/year of dry biomass. However, the yield on soils of poorer quality, which may from time to time become too dry, will be much lower from 4 to 7 t/ha/year of dry biomass. In field trials yield level is higher by 20-30% than in commercial plantations and sometimes it s higher than 25 t/ha/year. One or two stage harvest technology give wide possibilities to deliver lignocellulosic biomass for biorafinery purposes.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Associate Profesor, dr hab. inż. Mariusz Stolarski University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland e-mail: mariusz.stolarski@uwm.edu.pl www.uwm.edu.pl/khrin