A C T A T H E R I O L O G I C A VOL. XIV, 2: 11 19. BIALOWIEZA 5.IV.1969 A. B. nokpobckmh M B H. BOJIBHIAKOB (A. V. P O K R O V S K I & V. N. B O L S H A K O V) 3KCnepHMeHTCIJIbHbie MCCiie AOBQHH5I Ce30HHblX H3M6HCHHH BeCCI TeilCI, poctd M pd3bmtmsi TOpHblX noiiesok (Alticola, Clethrionomys) Experimental Studies of Seasonal Variations in Weight, Growth and Development of Mountain Voles (Alticola, Clethrionomys) [C 3 pnc. m 2 TaSJiMnaMH] A number of voles from high mountain areas [Clethrionomys rufocanus (Sundevall, 1846); Clethrionomys frater (Thomas, 1908); Alticola roylei (Gray, 1842); Alticola strelzovi (Kastschenko, 1900)] exhibit considerable variations in the weight of some specimens during the time spent in captivity, and therefore seasonal changes can be defined only on the basis of summarized material. Comparison of mountain voles with plain species reveals lesser variations in minimal and maximal weights. The young, growing voles from mountain populations exhibit hardly any seasonal changes in rate of growth, which remains almost constantly high. Comparison of these pecularities with the authors' previous publication (Acta Theriologica, 13, 9, 1968) on stabilized numbers of litters emphasises the»evenness«of mountain species, which differ considerably from species living in plains. I. BBEHEHME IlacTOHiuHM coogmennem aatopbi npoflojijkaiot ny6jinkaijmk) pesyjibtatob napajuiejibhbix MCCJieflOBaiiwii Swojioran rophbix bmaob nojiebok b npnpo,n,hbix m JiaoopaTopHbix ycjiobmhx. B 0ny6jTMK0BaHHbix h3mh pahee (EojibiuaKOB h II o - KpoBCKMH, 1967; IIoKpoiicKHH m EojibuiaKOB, 1968) pa6otax yica3bi- Bajiocb Ha HeKGTopbie xapaktepubie oco6ehi-ioctm oiiojiormii M3yneHHbix bmaob: Clethrionomys rufocanus (S u n d e v a 1, 1846); Clethrionomys frater (Thomas, 1908); Alticola roylei (Gray, 1842); Alticola strelzovi (Kastschenko, 1900), n nacthoctm, na OTcyrcTEne kjim Hepe3BbiHaMno cjia&yio Bbipa/KeHiHOCTb ce3ahihom ii3mehhmboctm HMCJieHHOCTii rioivieta. Pe3yjibTaTbi ^ajibheiiuieii o6pa6otkii.aannbix, nojiynehhbix npw jia6opatophbix wccjieflobahhhx?km3he/iehtejibhoctw stmx bm;;ob, noka3ajin eme HeKOTopbie, npiicymiie hiyt, cnei^ncbmheckwe ocosehhoctm 6nojiornn pocta VL ce30hhbix KOJie6aHMfi Beca Tejia, onmcahme m nonbitka anajin3a K0T0pbix ii coctabjiiiiot npe^met 3TOM ctatbw.
12 A. B. IToKpoBCKMü m B. H. BojibinaKOE II. MATEFMAJI M METODURA PaSoTa npoboamjiacb b SKcnepmvieHTajibHOM BMBapnM jia6opatopnn nonyjiímiíoullopl 3KOJIOTOM n03b0h0hhbix JKHBOTHblX ÜHCTMTyTa SKOJIOrMH pactehmíí M KMBOT- Hbix ypajibckoro cfcmjimajia AKa^eMHH HayK CCCP. MaTepuaji coöhpajich b TeneHwe 5 JieT (1963 1967 rr.). Mccjie^oBaHHíi nposozuumcb Ha cjie^yioihmx BM^ax: KpacHO- -cepan nojiebka Clethrionomys rufocanus (Sundevall, 1846); THHbmaHCKaH jiechah nojiebka Clethrionomys frater (Thomas, 1908); cepe6pnctah nojiebka Alticola roylei (Gray, 1842): ;nji0ck0hepenih>aih nojiebka Alticola strelzovi (Kastschenko, 1900). Ce30HHbie KOJieGanwH Beca Tejía MsynajiMCb TOjibKo Ha B3pocjibix camijax, TaK ícak y camok, BCJieACTBHe nactbix M3MeHeHMM Beca M3-3a SepeMeHHOCTM m jiaktaijhm, 3to HBJieHMe npocjieflwtb HeBOSMOJKHO. C 3TOÍÍ Ljejibio Bce HaxoAHBinnecH noa Ha- ÖJHOAeHMeM JKHBOTHbie peryjiapho B3BeiuMBajincb. Hhcjio mx M3MeHHjiocb m coctabjihjio b pa3jihhhbie MecHi^bi RjiH C. rufocanus ot 25 0 38 ocaseií, wjih C. frater ot 16 a o 37, fljia A. strelzovi ot 25 flo 37 n /jjih A. roylei. ot 7 jo 22 oco6ew. ^jih nojiynehmh flahhbix no CKopocTi* pocta mojio^hhk A. roylei m A. strelzovi B3BemMBajicH nepe3 Ka«tflbie 5 AHeü. 3a noka3atejib ckopoctm pocta hsmh 6biJi npmhht Bec 3BepbKOB b B03pacTe 45 flheíí. IIpocjie^íeH poct 90 3K3. A. strelzovi h 82 3K3. A. roylei. Pa3BMTne M0ji0flH«Ka onwcaho Ha ochobahiin nasjikmehmíír Ha,n 10 BbiBOAKaMM A. roylei M 10 A. strelzovi. III. CE30HHBIE M3MEHEHMH BECA TEJIA TOPHBIX IIOJIEBOK WccjieflOBaHMflMM, npobeflehhbimm pahee b SKcnepMMeHTajibHOM BMBapwVL Haineii jiaöopatopmi (IIokpobckmm, 1961, 1966; Schwarz et al., 1964; OßHMHHMKOBa, 1966; IIokpobckmm m Obhmhh k o b a, 1967), öbijio yctah0bjieh0 cymectbobamie cesohhoro ijmkjia M3M6HeHüíí Beca Tejía y CTenHOM nectpynikm, Lagurus lagurus (Pallas, 1773) H pflfla BMflOB no.tiebok po,o;a Microtus Microtus gregalis gregalis (Pallas, 1779), Microtus gregalis major (O g n e v, 1923), Microtus middendorfi (P o 1 j a k o v, 1881), Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776). Pwc. 1. M3MeHeHMe Beca Tejía b Teneime jkm3hh y Tpex camijob Lagurus lagurus, npojkmeuimx B BMBapHM HeCKOJIbKO JieT. y nepehmcjiehiibix bm/job DTa 3aKOHOMepHOCTt> jierko oöhapyjkmbaetck npw ahajim3e M3MeHeHMM Beca k3.5k^om oivjejibhoií oco6m (npn ycjiobmii, hto oha npoaímjia AocraTOHHO Aojiro okojio rofl,a mjim hgckojibko öojiee pmc. 1). HajiojKeHMe me MHflMBMAyajibHbix rpacfdmkob jame Menee ^ojirobehhbix ocogeíi,n,aet netkyio KapTMHy cesohhoro u,mkjia.
MccjieflOBaiiMH rophbix nojieboic 13 HaSjiiofleHMH 3a nepehmcjiehhbnviii Bbime rophbimh bm^smh n0jieb0k noka3ajim HecKOJibKO mhvio KapTHHy. IIpe>Kfl,e scerc, npw ahajim3e M3- MeHeHMÍi Beca y criyjejibhbix oco6eíí Mbi CTOJiKHyjiMCb c OTcyTCTBweM HCHO Bbipa>KeHHOíi ce30hh0m ijmk.timhhoctm 3Toro noka3atejih. Eojiee hjih MeHee othstjimbo 3aK0H0MepHbie M3MeHeHMH Beca Tejía Ha MH^MBMAyajib- Hbix rpac )MKax mojkho 6biJio 3aMeTMTb Jinuib y C. rufocanus, ja u to Uf * ' \ A a / \ / / \ ^ /x_.y o» a/ ^ \ / V i, v \ y v \ v J / o \ / A \ V t v A ^ y / y a 25 (5) vi IX XI I I v VI IX xi Puc. 2 M3MOKenne Beca Te/in caiunob C. m V vi ix ii i m v MccflUbi frater. 05 50 45 z 1 C. rufocanus 2 A. strelzovi 40 35 30 25 20 v x x<4 _ 3 A. roylei 4 C. frater (4 12 Mec.) 5 C. frater (85 100 fflheü) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Puc. 3. Pl3MeHeHMe cpe^hcro Beca Te.na camnob jia6opatopnoíi tcojiohmh b TeneHHe rofla. AajieKO He y Bcex ocogeíl Y TflHbmaHCKotí nojiebkm m o6omx bmxjob pon;a Alticola y OTAejibHbix ocosew 3Ta 3aKOHOMepHOCTb mjim npocmatpmba- Jiacb Kpaíme HenerKO, hjih He oghapy^khbajiacb cobepmehho M3-3a 3Ha- HHTejibHbix cjiyhaíihbix M3MeHeHMM Beca. Rante cobmemehwe HecKOJib- KMX PiHAHBHflyajibHbix rpac )WKOB (puc. 2) He flaet bo3mo>khoctm Bbia- BMTb KaKyK)-JIM6o 3aK0H0MepH0CTb.
14 A. B. IIoHpaBOKMM M B. H. EojibinaKO MejK^y TeM, ecjim paccmarpmbatb ycpeahehhbiií sec HaxoAHmwxcn coa HaGjiiofleHMeM»imbothbix, TO B3pocjiwe camijbi B Teneroie ro/ja flaiot netkyio KapTMHy ce30hfbix M3MeHeHMH Beca (pwc. 3). Ha rpac^mke noka3ahbi, B OTJiM^Me OT octajibhbix bmaob Be KpnBbie, xapaktepw- 3yrcmne M3MeHenne Beca Tejía C. frater. OflHa 113 HWX onncbibaet STO HBJieHMC AJIH JKMBOTHblX B E03paCTe OT 4-X 0 12 MeCHIJ eb, BTOpaH AJIH BblSopKM 0AH0B03paCTHbIX TpeXMeCHHHblX JKMBOTHblX. KaK BM7J.HO M3 rpa^mka, HecMOTpn Ha pa3jihmmh B aócojiiothom SHaneHMM Beca, B c 3opMe 3TMX icphbbix HaGjiio.naeTCfl nohtm nojihoe cobnaa.ehme. IiaMMeuee netko onmcbmaemam 3aK0H0MepH0CTL yctahabjuibaetcn y A. roylei. 3t0 OTHaCTM MOJKeT GblTb 06 bflcheho CpaBHMTeJIbHO HeAO.TirilM CpOKOM coaepmahhh 3Toro Bu/ja B BHBapMw (hsmhoiwm 6ojiee ro;ja) m, KaK cjie^- CTBue, He6ojibiiiMM huc.iom ^kmbotklix, M3MeHeHiie Beca K0T0pbix OTMGnajiocb b TeneHMe.zyiMTejibHoro nepuofla. TaKMM 06pa30M, Mbi nppiinjim k BbiBOfly, t íto stot ijmk.ti, Kaic ogmenonyjihi^nohhah 3aK0H0MepH0CTb, xapaktepeh, m atih jiccjie/iobahhbix rophbix bmaob nojiebok. Ofluaxo, b OT.jiMHMe ot pahee M3yHeHHbix namit BI1AOB, 3Ta 3aK0H0MepiI0CTb MaCKJipyeTCfl y HHX BblCOKOÍÍ Jia6n.7IbHOCTbK> seca otaejibhbix ocogeíi, BCJieACTBite nero MomeT GbiTb AOCTaTonno hcho npocjie^keha Jimub na ogogmehhom MaTepi-iajie. TaGjiima 1. AMnjiMTyAa ce30hhbix n3mchenmn Beca Tejía y pa3hbix bu^oe nojiebok. min B H A max,0 min n/ 1 BH3.0 max Lagurus lagurus Microtus g. gregalis Microtus g. major Microtus middendorfi 61,5 51,8 54,1 46.8 C rufocanus C. frater A. strelzovi A. roylei 74,7 71.0 77,4 83.1 CpeflHee no rpyne 53,55 ± 2,1 Cpe^nee no rpyne 76,55 ± 2,54 ^ahhbie, KOTopbie Mbi nojiy4mjiw Ha nojiebom MaTepnajie, ri03b0jiíik)t ytsepjkaatb, hto ce30nnaa u,mkjim4h0ctb M3MeHeHMH Beca Tejía peajibho cymectbyet m b npwpoahbix nonyjihijmax. Tan, b rrpmpoahbix nonyjin- U,MHX CpeAHMM BeC Te.Tia B3pOCJIblX (.ZJJIH CpaBHeHMH GpajIIICb TOJIbKO ocogm c pa3bmtbimm kophhmm 3y6oB) camij;0b C. rufocanus b Mae Gbiji pabeh 43 rpammam, b abrycte 32,8 r; C. frater b HioHe 31,0, b ceh- TnSpe 21,8 r. HeTpyn,Ho 3aMeTiíTb, hto m HanpaBjieHMe, M pa3max m- MeHeHMíi xopomo cobnaaakdt c iipoueccom, HaÓ.TiiOAaeMbiM b stot ne- PMOA B BMBapMM. AMnjiMTyAbi ce30hhbix ii3mehehmü Beca noka3bisak)t eiu,e o,n,hy oco- GeHHOCTb rophbix bmaob nojiebok. B TaGji. 1 npmboahtch coothomehiih Beca Tejía b nepwoabi MaxcMMyMa n MMHiiMyMa (sec b nepwofl MaxcH- MyMa npmhht 3a 100%) ajih pa3hbix bm^ob nojiebok. Bhuho, hto y rop- Hbix BMAOB pa3hmu;a MeJXAy MMHIlMajIbHbTM M MaKCHMHJIbHblM BeCOM 3HaMiiTejibH0 MeHbine, nem y Bcex octajibhbix. HecMOTpn Ha HeGo.ubmoe hmcjio bhaob b rpyrinax, pa3jiwhmh Me>KAy rpynnobbimm cpe^humm cecb- Ma AOCTOBepHbi: t 7,1 (P 99,7%).
McojieaaBaiHHH rophbix nojiebok 15 IV. OCOBEHHOCTM POCTA PI PA3BMTMH OöpaTWMCH K AaHHbiM, xapak'repii3yk)ii;i'im eni,e o/jhy 6nojiorM i ieckyk> OCOÔEHHOCTB MCCJIEFLOBAHHBIX rophbix BM^OB. M3BeCTH0, HTO MOJIOßbie nojiebkm, poambixiiiech B pa3h0e BpSMH, OTJIHnaiOTCH no CKopocTM pocta e H io K M LU e ił k m h a, 1940; T y ii m - k o b a, 1950; CBMpii^eHKO, 1951; 1959). ^jih stmx pa3jim4mm, COXpaHHKDmMXCH M B JiaÖOpaTOpHblX ycjiobmflx (n O K p O B C K M M, 1967), xapaktepha ce3ohh0h HMKJiMHHOCTb. /Jjih BbincHerom ocoöehhocteii ororo npoijecca y rophbix bh^ob mbi conoctasnjim cicopoctb pocta mojio- AHHKa A. roylei m A. strelzovi c ßaHHbiMM, nojiynenhbimm HaMM panee Ajih ApyrMx BMAOB, npwmepho pabhbix mm no pa3mepy. B TaÖJi. 2, r^e npwboahtch Bee 45-AHeBHbix nojiebok pashoro BpeMeHii po>kaehmh, cpabhmbaiotch a Be, KaK Mbi yf.e robopnjin. otnocmtejibho pabhopa3mep- Hbie napbi bmaob: A. roylei L. lagurus m A. strelzovi M. gregalis major. Mojkho Bn^eTb, hto y npeflctabmtejiem p. Alticola w3menhhb0ctb CKOpOCTH pocta MOJIOßHHKa B 3aBMCMM0CTM OT BpeMeHM povkflehmh M JIM BbipajKeHa 3HaHMTejibH0 MeHee HCTKO, T JCM y cootbetctbyiomero en pab- HMPinoro BM^a {A. roylei L. lagurus), MJIM Booôme ne MO^eT 6biTb KOHCTampoBaHa (A. strelzovi M. g. major), Tax KaK OTMeneHHbie M3- MeHeHMH He nmeiot 3aK0H0MepH0r0 xapaktepa. Taftjiinja 2. CKOpOCTb POCTa MO.ÏÏOAHHKÎI paajimmhblx BMflOB nojicbok B 3aBMClIMOCTII OT BpCMOHM pojkaehmh (cpe^hmíí Bec 45-AiieBHbix jkmbothbix, r) BMA MeCHlJ pojkaehmh I V VI VIII IX A. roylei 20,5 23,5 22,2 22,1 20,3 L. lagurus 19,0 23,9 20,3 18,7 17,5 A. strelzovi 28,3 26,0 29,4 24,0 M. g. major 29,7 19,8 19,5 18,4 ITpn cpabhenmi Beca 3BepbK0B, poambhimxch b Mae, pa3hnua MejKny Alticola n MX pabhmhhbimn ahajioramm nebejimka. 0,n;HaKO bo Bee octajn-.- iibie Mecnijbi, no KOTopbiM mli pacnojiaraem AOCTaTOHHbiM tjjjih cpabhe- HMH MaTepnajiOM, mojioahhk Alticola pactet 3HaHMTe.JibHO ßbicTpee B jimtepatype OTcyrcTByiOT.zjaHHbie o pa3bmtiim mojioabix A. roylei M A. strelzovi, n03t0my mm CHMTaeM HeoôxoAMMbiM npubectn b HacTonmen CTaTbe nojiynehhbie HaMM MaTepnajibi. KaK m y Bcex ßpyiMx bm^ob nojiebok, Mojioflbie A. roylei n A. strelzovi pojkjjaiotch rojibimh m cjienbimm. O^HaKo yxe y HOBopojKfleHHbix Ha MopflOMKe xopomo samethbi BnSpwccbi öejioro ijbeta, cnnha cjierka nnr- MeHTnpoBaHa. Ha 5 6 flehb y sbepbkob ro.iioba u cnnha nokpbibaiotch mepctbk), öpioxo, Jianbi w xboct octaiotch rojibimw m nojihoctbio nokpbi- BaioTCH mepctbio jiiinib Ha 10 12 #ehb. YniHbie pakobmhbi HanniiaioT OTxoAMTb y oßonx bm.zjob yxe Ha 2 3 AeKb, na 5 p,enb ohm otxoaht noji-
16 A. B. ÜOKIPOBOKMM M B. H. BOJIBIUAKOB HOCTbK), OflHaKO CJiyXOBblií IipOXOA OTKpbIBaeTCH JIMLUb Ha 11 12 flehb. lia,o;ehb pahbiue otkpbibaiotch rjia3a. BpeMH npo3pebahj<ih mojkct Sbrrb pacthhyty Ha 2 3 ahh y JKMBOTHbix n0met0b. Ha 5 7 AeHb na Jianax HaHMHaiOT pacxoamtbca HorTeBbie c^ajiahm, npwhem b nepeyio onepeab Ha nepeahmx Jianax, Ha 3aAHnx jianax najibubi paexoafltcíi Ha 2 3 AHH no3^hee. IlepBbiMM y MOJiOAbix «npokjiebbisaiotcfl» (na 6 AeHb B BMAe Asyx 6ejibix ToneK) HMJKHMe pe3ubi, Ha 7 AeHb ohm npope3bibaiotch. BepxHne pe3ijbi nohbjihhdtch Ha 10 AeHb, Kor^a HMJKHwe 30CTMraiOT pa3mepob OKOJIO 2 MM B fljimhy. Ha 13-14 AeHb Mojio^bie nepexoaht Ha nwtahwe Tpa- Boii M nbitaiotch KyeaTbeH. OTca?íceHHbie OT poamtejieii Ha 16 17 flehb nocjie PO^CAEHMH OHM nirraiotcfl nckjnohiitejibho pactmtejibhoií nniijem. M3 npmbefl,ehhbix ASHHblX BMAHO, HTO TeMnbl M XOA pa3bmthh MOJIOAHHKa npaktmheckm He pa3jimhaetcíi y o6owx BHAOB. Ha ochobahmm flahhbix 0 pa3bwthvi MOJiOAtix A. roylei m A. strelzovi HaMM coctabjieha Ta6jinij;a ajih onpeaejiehmh hx B03pacTa no njiactuneckmm npmhhakam b TeneHMe nepbbix AByx HeACJib. npm3hakh Bo3pacT CnMHa cjierna nnrmehtiípobana, 3aMeTHbi BbiSpHCCbi Gejioro HBCTa 2 4 ahh CnMHa cmjibho nhrmchtirpobana, yiunbie pakobhhbi otolujim, rojicma m cnmha nokpbibaiotch mepctbio 5 ^Heií TojiOBa m cnmha nokpbitbi njepctbio, Gpioxo, Jianbi m xeoct rojibie, na nepeahmx Jianax HanunaioT pacxo^iitbca HorTeBbie cbajiahrm, «npokjiebbibaiotch» HWSíHue pesijbi 6 7 ^Heií Hmjkhmc pe3hbi npope3ajimcb, pacxo^htca cjoajianrn najibijeb na 3a^HMx Jianax 8 9 fliheíí Bpioxo, jianbi m xboct 33mctho nokpbitbi mepctbio. OTKObiBaiOTCH rjia3a. IIohbjihiotch Bepxnwe pe3ijbi, hmjkhmc pe3ijbi zjocturaiot AJIMHbl 2 MM 10 11 flheíi Mojio^bie nojihoctbk) onymehbi, cmotpítt, aktmbho nepeflbmraicm.'h, pe3ljbi xopouio BbipajKeHbi, cjiyxobom npoxofl OTKpbiT.... 12 13 flhefó MojiQAbie nwtaiotch camoctohtejibho 3ejieHbio, onehb no^bm>khbi 14 16 AHew V. OBCYÍK^EHME PE3YJIBTATOB KaK Mbi yjke OTMeTHjiw Bbime, BbicoKan jiasmibhoctb Beca, ero 3HaHM- TejibHbie KOJieóaHMH 3a onehb kopgtkmm np0me>kvt0k BpeivieHH npn He- M3MeHHbIX ycjiobmhx COAep>KaHMH COCTaBJIHIOT, no HaniMM HaÓJIIOAeHHHM, xapaktephyio 0C06eHH0CTb Bcex M3yHeHHbix namm rophbix bhaob nojiebok. Bo3HMKaeT Bonpoc: c nem cbh3aha ctojib BbicoKaa jiasnjibhoctb Beca otaejibhbix ocosew? Mojkho 6bijio 6bi npeanojio^kmtb, hto sto HBjieHne cjieactbme Toro, HTO ycjiobhh COAep^aHMH B BMBapMM COOTBeTCTBOBaJIM notpeshocthm TOp- Hbix bmaob b MeHbmeíi cteneiim, nem octajibhbix. wccjieaobahhbix pahee nojiebgk. OAHaKo He Menee, a sahactyio m 6ojiee iihtenchrhoe, mpm b npnpoahbix ycjiobmhx (B o Ji b m a k o b m II o k p o b c k n m, 1967; II o - KpOBCKMÜ M BoJIbUiaKOB, 1968), pa3mh0«íehhe npothbopehmt
PIccjieflOBaiHMH rophbix nojiebok 17 9TOMy npeflnojioykehmk), nockojibky Ha ochobahnn Harnero onbita mm mo- >xem YTBEPJK^ATB, HTO MHTEHCWBHOCTB PA3MHOMEHMH Hawóojiee HA^E^K- HblJÍ KpHTepMM COOTBeTCTBHH ycjiobmm COAepjKaHMH notpeóhocthm M - BOTHbix. B TaKOM cjiynae cjieayet, 0HeBM i;h0, npn3hatb, HTO 3Ta ocoseh- HocTb OTpaxcaeT HOJiorMHecKyio eneljm( )HHHOCTb rophbix BHAOB. OflHaxo, nockojibxy HSMH He M3y i iajimcb B 3TOM acnexre MHbie, xpome ropubix, BHABI po^a Clethrionomys, Mbi He B COCTOHHMM noxa cxa3atb, cneijucjdnhha JIM ona AJIH pofl op. Clethrionomys N Alticola, T. e. ÍIBJIÍIETCH ÓMOJIOrMHeCKOÍi 0C06eHH0CTbK) TaKCOHOB. MJIM CBOMCTBeHHa MMeHHO rop- HbiM BM,O;AM nojiebox. Mbi Ha^eeMCH, HTO OTBCT Ha 3TOT Bonpoc N03B0JIHT ^atb HaSjHo^eHHH, Be,u,yinwecfl B HacTOHmee BpeMH B BMBapiiM HaA BBICOxoropHbiMM BM^aMM cepbix nonebox Microtus carruthersi T h o m a s, 1909, Microtus juldaschi (Severtzov, 1879) 1 ). BTopan ocosehhoetb rophbix BMAOB nojiebox, xotopyio MBI MO^EM OT- MeTMTb, 3HanMTejibH0 MeHbLiiaH amnjimty^a xojie6ahmn Mox^y nepnoñamm MMHMMyMa u MaxcMMyMa, Hejxejin y pabhmhhbix BM/JOB. Kax BMflHO M3 H3Ji05xeHH0r0, HaMM GbiJia c^ejiana nonbitxa BbiacHiiTb, cymectbyet jiu y A. roylei m A. strelzovi ce30hhaa M3MeHHHBOCTb cxopo- CTM pocta MOJioflHHxa. B pe3yjibtate 6biJio yctahobjieho, HTO y STMX bm- OB CKOpOCTb pocta COXpaHHeTCH noctohhho BblCOKOÍl M He noka3bibaet HCHMX ce30hhbix H3MeHeHwíi. C. C. III B a p u; e M (1963) SBIJIO Bbicxa3aHo npeanojiojxehiie, HTO ropnbie sn^bi, no,n;o6ho cebephbim, otjmhaiotch GbICTpblM poctom. HaiUM HaÓJIIOfleHMH He TOJIbKO nofltbepxcaaiot 3T0 npeanojiojkehhe, HO M nosbojmiot, xpome Toro, yctanobmtb ocosehhoetb, OTJiMHaiomMe ropnbie BM^bi OT cebephbix: noctohhhyio. He3aBMCMMyio OT ee30ha, Bbicoxyio cxopoctb pocta (no xpaímeii Mepe, B Tenemie pa^a Me- CHI^eB). PaHee (BojibmaxoB M IIOKPOBCKMH, 1967; IIOKPOBCKMM m B o JI b ni a x o B, 1968) Mbi OTMenajin, HTO O^HOM M3 ocoóehhocteíí M3ynaeMbix HaMM rophbix BIIZIOB nojiebox HBjraeTcn HeoóbiHaMHan «BBIpoBHeHHoeTb» Taxoro Ba>KHoro onojiomneckoro noxa3atejia, xax HUCJICH- HOCTb nometa B 3aBMCJiM0CTH OT BpeMeHn pojx^ehmh. TaxMM 0Ópa30M, conoctasnb Bce CBe^eHHH, nojiynehhbie h3mm npn M3y- Hennn rophbix BH^OB nojiebox, MBI MOJKCM cxa3at, HTO AJIH HMX xapax- TepHbi: 1. OTcyTCTBne MJIM xpaiihe cjiasoe npofibjiehme ee30hh0ñ H3MeHHHB0- CTH EPEAHEIÍ HUCJIEHHOCTM NOMETA. 2. 3HannTejibH0 MeHbuian, nem y.jiio6oro W3 M3yHeHHbix pabhmhhbix BMAOB, amnjnity^a ce30hhbix xojieóahhñ Beca Tejía. 3. OTCyTCTBMe Ce30HH0M M3MeHHWBOCTM M noctohhhah BbICOKaH CKOpOCTb POCTa MOJIOAHHKa. AHaJIM3 3TMX 0C06eHH0CTeM n03b0jihet BbIBeCTM 3aXJIK)HeHne, HTO AJI^ H3yHeHHbix rophbix buaob xapaxtepha HeoóbinaiÍHaH RJIH. pabhmhhbix BMflOB nojiebox «BbipOBHeHHOCTb» BaJKHenUIMX SllOJlOrHHeCKHX npn3ha- KOB. SjuiepMan h Moppwcoh-Ckott (Ellerman & Morrison- - S c o 11, 1951) othocht 3tm BM^fci k poay Pitymys. OflHaKO Bce cobetckwe abtopbi chmtaiot mx npeactabhtejihmm pofla Microtus. 2 Acta theriol.
18 A. B. IIOKIPOBOKMM M B. H. EojIbUIRKOB VI. PE3IOME Y pnfla M3YNEHHBIX BM,Z;OB NOJIEBOK, Clethrionomys rufocanus (Sundevall, 1846); Clethrionomys fraíer (Th om a s, 1908); Alticola roylei (Gray, 1842); Alticola strelzovi (K a s t s c h e n k o, 1900) B ycjiobhhx BMBapMH yctahobjiena BbicoKan JiaSmibHOCTb Beca Te.rra y OT/jejib- Hbix ocoóeíí, B pe3yjibtate nero ce30hhbie ijmkjibi M3M6HGHHH Beca Tena oshapyjkmbaiotch JIMUIB Ha 0606ni;eHH0M MaTepwajie. ITo cpabhehmo C pabhmhhbimm BMfl3MM HOJieBOK amnjimtyija KOJTeSaHHÍi M6HCAV nepnonamm MMHMMYMA M MaKCHP/IYMA Beca y HMX 3HaHHTejibHO MeHbinan. y M3ynenHbix rophbix BM^OB nojiebok ckopoctb pocta MOJio^HHKa He noka3bi- BaeT HCHblX Ce30HHbIX M3MeHeHHH M COXparíHeTCH noctohhho BblCOKOÍi. CpaBueHMe STMX onojiormheckmx ocoseimocteii c OTMeneHHbiMM pahee ABTOPAMH CTASMIBHBIIVÍM NOKA3ATEJIHMM HMCJICHHOCTM NOMETA CBM^ETEJIBcTByeT o xapaktephoíí ^JTH ropubix BMAOB, B OTJiMHwe OT pabhhhhbix cbopm, «BbipOBHeHHOCTM» BaJKHeMIHMX GHOJIOrMHeCKMX npm3hakob. JiPlTEPATYPA 1. EojibuiaKOB B. H. n IIokpobckmíí A. B., 1967: O npnp0flh0íi M RIOTEHI^HAJIBHOM NJIO/ÍOEKTOCTH THHBILIAHCKOÍI NOJIEBKM (Clethrionomys frater T h o m a s, 1908). C6. «SKOJiorMH MJieKonnTaiomnx n irruí*»: 111 116. M3A-BO «HayKa», MocKBa. 2. OBHHHHHKOBa H. A., 1966: BwojiorMHecKwe 0C06eHH0CTW cebephoro M HOMMHAJIBHORO NOFLBMFLOB NCJIEBKPI-3KOHOMKM M HX NOMECEIÍ. C6. «BuyTpM- BM^OBAH M3MEHHHBOCTB HASEIVIHBLX N03B0H0HHB!X JKI1BOTHMX LÍ MHKP03B0JIK>- HMH»: 189 198. M3S-BO AH CCCP, CBepfljtoBCK. 3. IIOKPOBCKHÍÍ A. B., 1961: Ce30HHan LJHKJIIlHHOCTb?KH3HefleHTejIbHOCTII nek0t0pbix bm^ob B jiasopatophbix ycjiobmhx. IlepBoe Bcecoio3Hoe cobemahhc no MjieKonwTaiomwM, 2: 43 44. 4. IIokpobckhh A. B., 1966: Ce30HHbie KOJie6aHMH Beca Tejía y nojiebok. Tp. ÜH-Ta Ghoji. y$ah CCCP, 51: 95 106, Cbcpajiobck. 5. II O K p O B c K h m A. B., 1967: CKopocTb pocta MO.NO^iiHKa NOJIEBOK B 3abmcmmoctm OT BpeMeHW pohí^ehmh. Tp. MOCK. o6mectba ncnbitatejieíí npwpoflbi, 25: 85 87. 6. ÜOKPOBCKMM A. B. M OBHMHHMKOBa H. A., 1967: BjIMHHMe oc- BemeHMH n paqmoha wa npohbjiehue HeKOTopbix 6MOJiorMHecKMX ijhkjiob y nojiebok. Tp. MOCK. osmectba McnbiTaTejieü npnpo,zjbi, 25: 87 90. 7. IIokpobckmh A. B. ii EojibixiaKOB B. H., 1968: IIpMpoziHaíi n iio- TeHHIiajIbHaH HHTeHCMBHOCTb pa3mhosíehmh ABy x BHflOB a3matckhx rophblx nojiebok (Alticola B 1 a n f o r d, 1884). Acta theriol. 13, 9: 117 128. 8. CBHpufleHKO n. A., 1951 - O pocte m pa3bmtnn jiechom jkejitoropjioíí MbiniM (Apodemus flavicollis Melch.). Tp. MH-Ta 300fl. AH YCCP, 6: 3 19. 9. Cbhph jehko II. A., 1959: POCT M pa3bmtne ebponeííckom pbijkeü no- JIEBKM (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb.). 3OOJI. jk., 33, 5: 756 766. 10. TyriHKOBa H. B., 1950: MeTCflbi onpe,n;ejiehhh B03pacxa rpbi3yhob B uejijix M3yHeHMH B03pacTH0r0 coctaba HX nonyjiflnmm. BTopaa OKOJIORMHECKAN KOHtbepeniíMH, Te3ncbi AOKJiaflOB, 2: 113 115, KweB. 11. í 5 E K 10 x E. K. m IIIeÜKMHa M. B., 1940: JI.nnTejibHOCTb JKM3HM B npn~ po^e nojiebok (Microtus arvalis Pall.). BecTHMK MiiKpo6MOJiorMH, anwflemmojio- Tim M napaoiitoviormi, 19, 3 4. 33 39.
Ciężar ciała, wzrost i rozwój norników 19 12. Ellerman J. R. & M o r r i s o n - S c o 11 T. C. S., 1951: Checklist of palaearctic and Indian Mammals, 1758 to 1946, British Mus. (Nat. Hist.): 1 810. London. 13. Schwarz S. S., Pokrovski A. V., Istchenko V. G., Olenjev V. G., Ovtschennikova N. A. & Pjastolova O. A., 1964: Biological pecularities of seasonal generations of rodents, with special reference to the problem of senescence in Mammals. Acta theriol., 8, 2: 11 43. Received, July 8, 1968. Institute of Ecology of Plants and Animals, Ural Branch of Academy of Science of the U.S.S.R. Sverdlovsk. A. V. POKROVSKI i V. N. BOLSHAKOV SEZONOWE ZMIANY CIĘŻARU CIAŁA, TEMPA WZROSTU I ROZWOJU NORNIKÓW (ALTICOLA, CLETHRIONOMYS) Streszczenie Stwierdzono, że ciężar ciała u Clethrionomys rufocanus (S u n d e v a 11, 1846); C. frater (Thomas, 1908); Alticola roylei (G r a y, 1842); A. strelzovi (Kast- s c h e n k o, 1900) podlega w hodowli dużym wahaniom u poszczególnych osobników, skutkiem czego sezonowy cykl zmian ciężaru ciała można było tylko obserwować po zsumowaniu całego materiału. W porównaniu do nizinnych gatunków norników amplituda wahań jest znacznie niższa. U badanych górskich gatunków norników tempo wzrostu młodych nie wykazuje wyraźnych zmian sezonowych i stale jest wysokie. Porównanie tych cech z opisanymi przez nas wcześniej stałymi wskaźnikami liczebności miotu świadczy o charakterystycznym dla gatunków górskich wyrównaniu" najważniejszych cech biologicznych.