Mały przewodnik po angielskich czasach

Mały przewodnik po angielskich czasach pomoc dla uczniów szkoły postawowej wraz z ćwiczeniami Urszula Turczyn

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1. Stosowanie: dla czynności odbywającej się w chwili mówienia o niej dla określenia bliskiej, zaplanowanej czynności 2. Tworzenie: (to be) + czasownik ~ing am are is Przykłady dodawania końcówki ~ing do czasownika: drink - drinking go - going drive - driving usuwamy e skate - skating get - getting podwajanie ostatniej spółgłoski, swim - swimming po pojedynczej samogłosce 3. Pytania i przeczenia: a) pytania - czasownik to be (am, are, is) stawiamy przed podmiotem b) przeczenia - po czasowniku to be (am, are, is) stawiamy słówko not is not = isn t are not = aren t 4. Charakterystyczne zwroty: now, at the moment. 1

PRZYKŁADY: Susan is reading a book. Is Susan reading a book? What is Susan reading? Susan isn t reading a book. Children are swimming in the river. Are children swimming in the river? Where are children swimming? Children aren t swimming in the river. Sprawdź się - patrz Test nr 1 s. 10 2

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE 1. Stosowanie: dla czynności odbywającej stale, zazwyczaj, co pewien czas dla prawd ogólnych dla wyrażania myśli i uczuć 2. Tworzenie: do czasownika w 3 osobie liczby pojedynczej dodajemy końcówkę ~s lub ~es (gdy czasownik kończy się na spółgłoskę syczącą lub samogłoskę o) Przykłady : drink - drinks ride - rides swim - swims wash - washes spółgłoska sycząca watch - watches go - goes samogłoska o do - does Gdy czasownik kończy się na ~y po spółgłosce, to zamienia się ~y na ~i try - tries we wszystkich pozostałych osobach czasownik występuje w formie podstawowej 3. Pytania i przeczenia: Do tworzenia pytań i przeczeń służą operatory do i does (tylko dla 3 osoby liczby pojedynczej). a) pytania - (słowo pytające), do / does, podmiot, czasownik w formie podstawowej b) przeczenia - po operatorze do / does stawiamy słówko not, czasownik występuje w formie podstawowej do not = don t does not = doesn t podmiot, don t / doesn t, czasownik w formie podstawowej 3

4. Charakterystyczne zwroty: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day (every month, every winter, every Monday). PRZYKŁADY: They collect stamps. Do they collect stamps? What do they collect? They don t collect stamps. Mrs Wilson works in a hospital. Does Mrs Wilson work in a hospital? Where does Mrs Wilson work? Mrs Wilson doesn t work in a hospital. Sprawdź się - patrz Test nr 2 s. 11 4

PAST SIMPLE TENSE 1. Stosowanie: dla czynności, które miały miejsce w określonej przeszłości 2. Tworzenie: do czasowników regularnych dodajemy końcówkę ~ed w czasownikach nieregularnych posługujemy się 2 formą 3. Pytania i przeczenia: Do tworzenia pytań i przeczeń służy operator did. a) pytania - (słowo pytające), did, podmiot, czasownik w formie podstawowej b) przeczenia - po operatorze did stawiamy słówko not, czasownik występuje w formie podstawowej did not = didn t podmiot, didn t, czasownik w formie podstawowej 4. Charakterystyczne zwroty: yesterday, last winter (last week, last September), two days ago (ten minutes ago, five years ago). PRZYKŁADY: Paul lived in Glasgow two years ago. Did Paul live in Glasgow two years ago? Where did Paul live two years ago? Paul didn t live in Glasgow two years ago. They saw an interesting film yesterday. Did they see an interesting film yesterday? What did they see yesterday? They didn t see an interesting film yesterday. Sprawdź się - patrz Test nr 3 s. 13 5

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 1. Stosowanie: dla czynności przeszłej z dokładnym określeniem czasu Mrs Smith was cooking dinner yesterday at one o clock. dla czynności przeszłej, która wypełnia cały wskazany okres w przeszłości We were playing computer games all the evening yesterday. kiedy mamy dwie czynności przeszłe, z których jedna jest dłuższa, wtedy tę dłuższą czynność wyrażamy czasem Past Continuous (a krótszą - Past Simple) Susan was reading a book, when Tom came into the room. dla czynności odbywających się równolegle While I was doing my homework, my parents were watching TV. 2. Tworzenie: (to be) + czasownik ~ing was were 3. Pytania i przeczenia: a) pytania - czasownik to be (was, were) stawiamy przed podmiotem b) przeczenia - po czasowniku to be (was, were) stawiamy słówko not was not = wasn t were not = weren t PRZYKŁADY: She was drinking tea yesterday at five o clock. Was she drinking tea yesterday at five o clock? What was she drinking yesterday at five o clock? She wasn t drinking tea yesterday at five o clock. Sprawdź się - patrz Test nr 4 s. 14 6

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE 1. Stosowanie: dla czynności, które będą miały miejsce przyszłości przy podejmowaniu decyzji dotyczących przyszłości 2. Tworzenie: will ( ll) + czasownik 3. Pytania i przeczenia: a) pytania - will stawiamy przed podmiotem b) przeczenia - po will stawiamy słówko not will not = won t 4. Charakterystyczne zwroty: tomorrow, next week (next Saturday, next summer), in four months (in twenty minutes, in two days). PRZYKŁADY: He will clean his car tomorrow. Will he clean his car tomorrow? What will he clean tomorrow? He won t clean his car tomorrow. Sprawdź się - patrz Test nr 5 s. 15 7

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 1. Stosowanie: dla czynności, która rozpoczęła się w przeszłości i trwa do chwili obecnej dla czynności przeszłej, której skutki są widoczne, aktualne w teraźniejszości z określeniem czasu wskazującym na okres jeszcze nieskończony np. today, this week, this month itp. 2. Tworzenie: have / has + Past Participle regularne ~ed nieregularne - 3 forma 3. Pytania i przeczenia: a) pytania - have / has stawiamy przed podmiotem b) przeczenia - po have / has stawiamy słówko not have not = haven t has not = hasn t 4. Charakterystyczne zwroty: for, since, lately, recently, already, just, never, ever, so far. PRZYKŁADY: They have done their homework. Have they done their homework? What have they done? They haven t done their homework. Mark has lived in New York for five years. Has Mark lived in New York for five years? Where has Mark lived for five years? Mark hasn t lived in New York for five years. Sprawdź się - patrz Test nr 6 s. 17 8

Ć W I C Z E N I A Test nr 1 Present Continuous s. 10 Test nr 2 Present Simple s. 11 Test nr 3 Past Simple s. 13 Test nr 4 Past Continuous s. 14 Test nr 5 Future Simple s. 15 Test nr 6 Present Perfect s. 17 9

TEST NR 1 Present Continuous I. Wstaw czasowniki w Present Continuos Tense: 1. I... with my dog. ( play ) 2. Edward... a photo. ( take ) 3. My mum and dad... in the garden. ( sit ) 4. Mary and Betty... tea. ( drink ) II. Przekształć na przeczenia: 1. Mickey is cleaning a car. 2. I m cooking the lunch. 3. We re waiting for a bus. 4. They are sleeping in the garden. III. Zamień na pytania: 1. Ben s making the beds. 2. They re going to the cinema. 3. Mrs Brown is ironing her dress. 4. Boys are playing football. IV. Zapytaj o podkreśloną część zdania: 1. Mickey is buying a T-shirt. 2. They re sitting in the park. 3. I am talking to my best friend. 4. Mr and Mrs Hill are playing chess. Sprawdź odpowiedzi w kluczu na s. 19 10

TEST NR 2 Present Simple I. Wybierz właściwą formę czasownika: 1. I... up at seven o clock. a) get b) gets c) getts 2. Ben... stamps. a) collect b) collects c) collectes 3. Mrs. Jones... TV from five o clock to eight o clock. a) watch b) watchs c) watches 4. They... the guitar. a) play b) plays c) playes 5. She... her homework in her bedroom. a) do b) dos c) does 6. We often... to the cinema. a) go b) gos c) goes II. Wpisz do lub does. 1.... your friend like pizza? 2. When... you get up? 3.... your mother play the guitar? 4.... cats like milk? III. Wpisz don t lub doesn t. 1. Mary... read in bed. 2. Children... go to the disco. 3. My friends... like comics. 4. Tom... collect stamps. IV. Ułóż pytania: 1. Susan plays tennis. What...? 11

2. We go skiing in February. When...? 3. They have lunch at school. Where...? 4. My friend learns English every day. How often...? V. Wstaw czasowniki w Present Continuous lub Present Simple: 1. I sometimes... to the swimming pool. ( go) 2. Mary... in the bathroom at the moment. (sing) 3. They... a test now. ( write ) 4. He... his grandparents every weekend. ( visit ) 5. They... for a taxi now. ( wait ) 6. Mr Green... TV every evening. ( watch ) Sprawdź odpowiedzi w kluczu na s. 19 12

TEST NR 3 Past Simple I. Wstaw czasownik we właściwej formie: 1. She... her leg last week. ( break ) 2. Susan... a big gorilla at the zoo. ( see ) 3. They... at the hotel at five o clock. ( arrive ) 4. We... two hamsters yesterday. ( buy ) 5. I... my grandparents last weekend. ( visit ) II. Przekształć na przeczenia: 1. Mary got up at nine o clock. 2. He brought a present for Jane. 3. I needed a filling in one of my teeth. 4. We lived in Glasgow in 1992. 5. Girls went to the disco. III. Zamień na pytania: 1. Jane wrote four letters yesterday. 2. The taxi arrived at ten o clock. 3. David Scott played the piano for fifty days. 4. Tom came to the disco last night. 5. Mrs. Wilson washed her blouse last Friday. IV. Zapytaj o podkreśloną część zdania: 1. She broke her leg last week. 2. Mickey swallowed a coin. 3. We started school at eight o clock. 4. Mr. and Mrs. Hill ate dinner in the garden yesterday. 5. My father studied at London University. Sprawdź odpowiedzi w kluczu na s. 19 13

TEST NR 4 Past Continuous I. Uzupełnij zdania właściwą formą Past Continuous: 1. Julie and John... the whole night. ( dance ) 2. Tony... for a bus. ( wait ) 3. I... an e-mail. ( write ) 4. My brother... a sandwich. ( eat ) 5. Children.... ( sleep ) II. Utwórz pytania wykorzystując podane wyrazy: 1. Lucy / watch / a film 2. you / play / computer games 3. Where / Sam / swim 4. What / they / do 5. Mr Hill / work / in the garden 5. Where / dogs / run 6. Mark / get ready / bed III. Zamień na przeczenia: 1. I was doing my homework. 2. Our neighbours were making a lot of noise. 3. We re writing a test. 4. The sun was shining the whole day. IV. Wstaw czasowniki w Past Continuous lub Past Simple: 1. Mr Brown... a lot of coffee yesterday. ( drink ) 2. Mary..., when John... into the room. ( sing, come) 3. My sister... three windows two days ago. ( clean ) 4. Ben... a shower, when the telephone.... ( have, ring ) 5. I... an apple at nine o clock last night. ( eat ) Sprawdź odpowiedzi w kluczu na s. 19 14

TEST NR 5 Future Simple I. Wstaw czasownik we właściwej formie: 1. I... a letter tomorrow. ( write ) 2. Mrs. Brown... work in a bank next month. ( start ) 3. We... to the disco. ( go ) 4. The astronauts... on Mars. ( land ) 5. The disco... at eleven o clock. ( finish ) II. Przekształć na przeczenia: 1. She will write a test at one o clock. 2. We ll have lunch in the garden tomorrow. 3. I ll go to the cinema on Thursday. 4. Next Sunday will be 13th April. 5. They will play football next Saturday. III. Zamień na pytania: 1. You will need your passport. 2. We ll eat in the restaurant tonight. 3. I ll see them tomorrow. 4. He ll come to school next week. 5. Mark will take a holiday in space. IV. Ułóż pytania: 1. He will arrive in London next Wednesday. When...? 2. We will need spacesuits. What...? 3. The shuttle will take people to Mars. Where...? 15

4. We will build cities on the Moon. What...? 5. People will travel to the Moon by rocket. How...? Sprawdź odpowiedzi w kluczu na s. 20 16

TEST NR 6 Present Perfect I. Wstaw czasownik we właściwej formie: 1.They... a new station. ( build ) 2. I... the money. ( hide ) 3. Vicky... my sandwiches. ( eat ) 4. We... that film. ( see ) 5. Someone... our books. ( steal ) 6. Kelly... to Greece. ( go ) II. Przekształć na przeczenia: 1. We have been to London. 2. I ve taken a photograph. 3. He has left his books at school. 4. They have moved to a new house. III. Zamień na pytania: 1. Phil has lived in Greece. 2. You ve written an article. 3. They have seen this film. 4. She s collected the postcards. IV. Ułóż pytania: 1. John has collected stamps. What...? 2. Mary and Jane have burnt the cake. Why...? 3. Tom has interviewed Mr. Scott. Who...? 4. Phil s bought a cassette in a supermarket. Where...? 17

V. Wstaw czasowniki w Present Perfect lub Past Simple: 1. I... my book and now I can t do my homework. ( lose ) 2. We... house last year. (move ) 3. He can go out, because he... the test. ( finish ) 4. Mandy... her leg last week. ( break ) 5. They... to the disco last night. ( go ) 6. She can t write because she... her arm. ( break ) Sprawdź odpowiedzi w kluczu na s. 20 18

KLUCZ DO ĆWICZEŃ Test nr 1 I. 1. am ( m) playing 2. is ( s) taking 3. are ( re) sitting 4. are ( re) drinking II. 1. Mickey isn t cleaning a car. 2. I m not cooking the lunch. 3. We aren t waiting for a bus. 4.They aren t sleeping in the garden. III. 1. Is Ben making the beds? 2. Are they going to the cinema? 3. Is Mrs Brown ironing her dress? 4. Are boys playing football? IV. 1. What is Mickey is buying? 2. Where are they sitting? 3. Who are you (am I) talking to? 4. What are Mr and Mrs. Hill playing? Test nr 2 I. 1.a 2.b 3.c 4.a 5.c 6.a II. 1.does 2.do 3.does 4.do III. 1.doesn t 2.don t 3.don t 4. doesn t IV. 1. What does Susan play/do? 2. When do you (we) go skiing? 3. Where do they have lunch? 4. How often does he/she learn English? V. 1.go 2.is ( s) singing 3.are ( re) writing 4.visits 5.are( re) waiting 6.watches Test nr 3 I. 1.broke 2.saw 3.arrived 4.bought 5.visited II. 1. Mary didn t get up at nine o clock. 2. He didn t bring a present for Jane. 3. I didn t need a filling in one of my teeth. 4. We didn t live in Glasgow in 1992. 5. Girls didn t go to the disco. III. 1. Did Jane write four letters yesterday? 2. Did the taxi arrive at ten o clock? 3. Did David Scott play the piano for fifty days? 4. Did Tom come to the disco last night? 5. Did Mrs. Wilson wash her blouse last Friday? IV. 1. When did she break her leg? 2. What did Mickey swallow? 3. What time did you (we) start school? 4. Where did Mr. and Mrs. Hill eat dinner yesterday? 5. Where did my father study? Test nr 4 I. 1.were ( re) dancing 2.was waiting 3.was writing 4.was eating 5.were ( re) sleeping II. 1. Was Lucy watching a film? 2. Were you playing computer games? 3. Where was Sam swimming? 4. What were they doing? 5. Was Mr Hill working in the garden? 5. Where were dogs running? 6. Was Mark getting ready for bed? III. 1. I wasn t doing my homework. 2. Our neighbours weren t making a lot of noise. 3. We weren t writing a test. 4. The sun wasn t shining the whole day. IV. 1.drank 2.was singing, came 3.cleaned 4.was having, rang 5.was eating 19

Test nr 5 I. 1.will ( ll) write 2.will start 3. will ( ll) go 4.will land 5.will finish II. 1. She won t write a test at one o clock. 2. We won t have lunch in the garden tomorrow. 3. I won t go to the cinema on Thursday. 4. Next Sunday won t be 13th April. 5. They won t play football next Saturday. III. 1. Will you need your passport? 2. Will you (we) eat in the restaurant tonight? 3. Will you (I) see them tomorrow? 4. Will he come to school next week? 5. Will Mark take a holiday in space? IV. 1. When will he arrive in London? 2. What will we (you) need? 3. Where will the shuttle take people? 4. What will we (you) build on the Moon? 5. How will people travel to the Moon? Test nr 6 I. 1.have ( ve) built 2.have ( ve) hidden 3.has ( s) eaten 4.have ( ve) seen 5.has ( s) stolen 6.has ( s) gone II. 1. We haven t been to London. 2. I haven t taken a photograph. 3. He hasn t left his books at school. 4. They haven t moved to a new house. III. 1. Has Phil lived in Greece? 2. Have you written an article? 3. Have they seen this film? 4. Has she collected the postcards? IV. 1. What has John collected? 2. Why have Mary and Jane burnt the cake? 3. Who has Tom interviewed? Who has interviewed Mr. Scott? 4. Where has Phil bought a cassette? V. 1.have ( ve) lost 2.moved 3.has ( s) finished 4.broke 5.went 6.has ( s) broken 20