Soil databases and GIS Dr Joanna Kossakowska Warsaw University of Technology
Local Soil Databases 1 : 5 000 1 : 25 000 Applications: cadastre physical planning soil protection terrain suitability precision agriculture plant cultivation...
Requirements Users needs Quality of data, precision Costs of: creating data base updating analysis and modelling
Quality of data, quality of information Resolution: spatial, semantic Spatial: size of pixel or graphical precision of maps 0.5 mm 1 : 1 000 000 500m 1 : 500 000 250m 1 : 100 000 50m 1 : 25 000 12.5m Semantic: number of attributes precision of attributes timeless of attributes
Creating of the soil database Type of soil
How to make local database Digitizing contours polygons Coding attributes Input attributes from maps, images, dtm, etc. Verification i.e. change coding Updating
Topographical map Soil-agriculture map Satellite image DTM
Changes in land use
Changes in land use 1986 2002
Using of Soil Databases for spatial analysis and modelling simple question spatial distribution of selected features (soil types or soil texture) combination of features connection with other thematic data bases (soils + vegetation) (soils + DTM)
Example of modelling: Expert classification Aim - search of spatial distribution of dominant soil type Problem definition of relationships between soil type with geomorphology and land cover Nie użytkowane rolniczo Gleby torfowe Czarne ziemie Gleby rdzawe Mady Gleby glejowe Gleby płowe
Base of expert knowledge Conditions of soil types occurrence on the area Morfogeneza Wysoczy zna morenowa falista Wy soczyzna morenowa płaska Pagórkowata strefa marginalna Ł Wały morenowe strefy marginalnej piaski i żwiry Ls R Zdenudowane wy soczyzny morenowe Równiny sandrowe Skład Pokrycie terenu Typ gleby granulometryczny gliny R brunatne, płowe piaski Ls rdzawe właściwe R brunatne wy ługowane gliny R płowe, opadowo glejowe piaski Ls rdzawe właściwe rdzawe bielicowane piaski i żwiry Ls rdzawe właściwe R brunatne wy ługowane Ł deluwialne, glejowe gliny R brunatne gruntowo-glejowe rdzawe właściwe brunatne wy ługowane pararędziny piaski Ls rdzawe właściwe rdzawe bielicowane gruntowo glejowe gliny R płowe opadowo glejowe czarne ziemie sandry bliższe Ls R rdzawe właściwe rdzawe bielicowane płowe bielicowane sandry dalsze R Bielicowe Ls rdzawe bielicowane piaski R bielicowe, bielice Tarasy akumulacji rzecznej a) plejstoceńskie piaski zwydmione Ls R bielicowe, rdzawe bielicowane bielicowe, rdzawe b) holoceńskie piaski, pyły, iły organiczne R, Ł Ł, N mady rzeczne, mułowe torfowe Równiny akumulacji zastoiskowej py ły, iły Ł czarne ziemie gleby glejowe Równiny akumulacji torfowiskowej i torfowiskowo-rzecznej gleby mułowe i murszowe Torfy, muły Ł mułowe, torfowe, murszowe, glejowe Definition of thematic class and relations between variables Typ użytek skład1 Dtm min Dtm max gl 100 106 gsp 92 92 glp 91 110 pgl 88 117 pglp 86 114 R pgm 91 112 A pgmp 94 113 psp 86 109 plz 86 112 ps 85 113 No 93 109 pl 82 122 Ls pglp 104 110 ps 109 118 gl 84 116 glp 86 99 gs 88 90 pgl 83 120 pglp 84 120 Bw R pgm 90 111 pgmp 86 113 pl 80 123 psp 83 118 plz 82 117 ps 82 118 L pl, ps 88 99 Ls pl 81 115
Stages of expert classification + kwnoledge Satellite image Soil type Land cover result Parent materials Digital terrain model Base of decision rules
Base of decision rules Baza reguł decyzyjnych Condition of DTM Main hypothesis: Soil type Ancillary hypothesis: Texture of parent material OR AND Legend: Hypothesis Rules Variables
Expert classification result: dominat soil types
Satellite image Conclusions Spectral classification Land cover Soil type Knowledge: Thematic context Spatial cotext... Decision rules: IF... THEN... GIS layers : DTM... Layer of soil type Combining of data sources with expert knowledge Quick updating & revision of the database
Example of spatial analysis: Analysis of suitability of agricultural areas for building purposes Basic assumptions Three classes are distinguished with respect to usefulness of the area for building purposes: - areas suitable for building purposes without any limitations, - areas suitable for building purposes with some limitations or after special treatment, - areas witch are not suitable for building purposes. Three factors which influence the suitability of areas for building purposes are considered: - loading capacity of grounds, - soil moisture, - terrain relief.
Detailed criteria of suitability analysis Classes of suitability (a) loading capacity of grounds (b) soil moisture (c) terrain relief 1.Areas suitable for housing without any limitations All mineral soils: A, Ax, Bw, Bg, D, Dz Soils suitability units: 1,2,3,5,6,7, A, Ax, Bw, Bg and some soils of the 4 th soil suitability unit with exclusion of Axg. slopes 0-3 % 2. Areas suitable for housing with limitation or after special treatment Layered Fluvisols (F) of lower location and Gleysols (G) SSU4 Luvisols with upper gleying (Ax, Axg) of light texture in the upper layer and of clayey background (top layer 1,2,3,4 classes of texture and subsurface layer 5,6 classes). Soil suitab. Units 1-6 on black earths: D, Dz, G Soil suitab. Units 1-7 on Fluvisols: F slopes =< 3-5% + location on a mountain - side 3. Areas unsuitable for housing Organic soils: E, T, M. Grasslands and pastures: 1z, 2z, 3z; Soil suitab. units 8,9,14 slopes > 5% + scarps and faults
Source data Soil data base Soil types Soil suitability units Texture Deep of texture change... Land cover Digital terrain model
Local soil data base 1:25000 Soil types Soil suitability units Texture of parent materials Attributes of soil mapping units
Spatial analysis diagram DTM slope loading capacity New attributes in DB Soil DB Soil moisture Satellite image Land cover Rivers Buffer
Result of spatial analysis
Perspective view 3D