Hart s tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. in the Lower Silesia region

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1 183 Hart s-tongue-phyllitis-scolopendrium-(l.)-newm-in-the-lower-silesia-region 183 Hart s tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. in the Lower Silesia region JAN BODZIARCZYK 1, MAREK MALICKI 2 1) Department of Forest Botany and Nature Conservation, Agricultural University, Al. 29 Listopada 46, PL Kraków, Poland; mail: rlbodzia@cyf-kr.edu.pl; 2) Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroc³aw, Kanonia 6/8, PL Wroc³aw, Poland; malickimarek@interia.pl ABSTRACT: The present distribution of the hart s tongue fern Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. in the Lower Silesia region (Poland) is described including historical sites that have been confirmed, new sites and suggested areas requiring further investigation. Especially valuable are newly discovered sites, as they provide correction of the north-western range of this fern in Poland. Occurrence conditions, frequency and the present category of endangerment of the fern population has also been presented in the paper. ABSTRAKT: W pracy przedstawiono aktualne rozmieszczenie jêzycznika zwyczajnego Phyllitis scolpendrium (L.) Newm. na Dolnym Œl¹sku. Uwzglêdniono stanowiska historyczne, aktualnie potwierdzone oraz nowoodkryte, a tak e stanowiska, które wymagaj¹ jeszcze poszukiwañ. Stanowiska nowoodkryte maj¹ istotne znaczenie, gdy wyznaczaj¹ now¹ pó³nocno-zachodni¹ granicê zasiêgu jêzycznika w Polsce. W pracy opisano tak e warunki wystêpowania populacji, okreœlono ich liczebnoœæ oraz oceniono stan zagro enia gatunku na poszczególnych stanowiskach. KEY WORDS: ferns, rare and protected species, distribution, demography, Sudeten Mts., Poland Introduction Hart s tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. in the Lower Silesia region occurs mainly in the Sudeten foothills. The genus is extremely rare in the area and has been classified as a taxon of a high risk of extinction with the status CR critically endangered (K¹cki et al. 2003). BODZIARCZYK J., MALICKI M Hart s tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. in the Lower Silesia region. In: E. Szczêœniak, E. Gola (eds), Club mosses, horsetails and ferns in Poland resources and protection. Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroc³aw, Wroc³aw, p

2 184 Jan-Bodziarczyk,-Marek-Malicki 184 The first hart s tongue fern site was noted in the Sudeten region in the 19 th century in the Kaczawskie Foothill. Limpricht (1876) reported it from the Myœliborski Gorge, later Fiek (1881) described the fern growing in a well in Ostrzyca near Proboszczów, where it was, however, a synanthropic stand (Zaj¹c, Zaj¹c 2001). It was supposed to be gone in recent years (Frey, Guzik 1969; Fabiszewski et al. 1997). A new site near Wojcieszów was discovered by E. Kozio³ (leg. 1970) and a specimen was included into the University of Wroc³aw Herbarium collection. This specimen comes from the site of an old workedout quarry. Unfortunately, after thorough explorations during spring in 2008 this site was not confirmed and future verification is needed. Another historical site lay in the Izerskie Foothill (Fiek 1881) in the Kwisa valley and is located between Gryfów Œl¹ski and Mirsk. During last two years, thanks to co-operation with local foresters, two new sites of Phyllitis scolopendrium have been found in Lower Silesia. The first is located in the Izerskie Foothill, the Lwówek Œl¹ski Forest District, near Lubomierz. The second occurs in the east part of the Dolnoœl¹skie Forests, the Przemków Forest District. The present paper describes all the currently known sites of the fern in Lower Silesia and estimates the status and threats of Phyllitis scolopendrium in the region. 1. Material and methods The crucial data for verification of hart s tongue sites come from the existing literature (Fiek 1881; Frey, Guzik 1969; Fabiszewski et al. 1997; Schube 1903), and from the University of Wroc³aw Herbarium collection. New fern sites were located by the region foresters. In each discovered site, all specimens and the leaves of all specimens were counted and the biggest leaf measured; also the developmental stage was determined. In the site in the Myœliborski Gorge, the specimens on the slope were counted, while the number of specimens on the steep wall was estimated. The developmental stage was determined and the size of particular specimens was measured on a transect of the rock lower part. The paper presents only general results concerning the fern population structure in the region. Details are to be published separately. The plant cover is given in the Braun-Blanquet scale (1964). Vascular plant nomenclature is quoted after Mirek et al. (2002); mosses after Ochyra et al. (2003).

3 185 Hart s-tongue-phyllitis-scolopendrium-(l.)-newm-in-the-lower-silesia-region Results 2.1. Site survey According to the information from literature and from our own research, the inventory of all hart s tongue sites includes: The Kaczawskie Mts. and the Kaczawskie Foothills: Myœliborski Gorge (Limpricht 1876; Matuszkiewicz 1958; Fabiszewski et al. 1997), ATPOL: BE 52; Ostrzyca Proboszczowicka (Fiek 1881), ATPOL: BE 40; Wojcieszów (leg. E. Kozio³ 1970, WRSL), ATPOL: BE 61; The Izerskie Foothills: Kwisa valley, between Gryfow Œl¹ski and Mirsk (Leurssen 1886), ATPOL: AE 57; Lubomierz (newly discovered site), ATPOL: AE 58; The Dolnoœl¹skie Forests: Przemków (newly discovered site), ATPOL: BD 91; Figure 1 shows localization of sites including presently confirmed sites, historical sites non-existing today, newly discovered sites, and sites requiring further verification Number and occurrence conditions of existing populations The Myœliborski Gorge It is the most numerous population of P. scolopendrium in Lower Silesia, containing over 2000 specimens. There are two subpopulations distinguished: on hills and on cliffs. Unique Phyllitido-Aceretum Moor (1945) 1952 association develops on steep hills (Matuszkiewicz 1958; Bodziarczyk 2002) with o gradient and NNW exposure. The number of specimens in the hill subpopulation is definitely lower than in the subpopulation that occurs on cliffs. In 2004 only 373 specimens were registered there. On-cliffs population is numerous and consists of c plants. With other ferns growing in rock cracks P. scolopendrium forms special variant of the Asplenietum rutae-murariaetrichomanis Kuhn 1937 association (Fabiszewski et al. 1997). This impressive and remarkable site, when a hart s tongue covers almost vertical cliffs, is the most interesting of that kind in Poland. Similar sites are known only from Krakowsko-Czêstochowska Jure, where the species covers ledges and vertical cliffs of limestone outcrops (Bodziarczyk, Malik 2006). The particular site in the Myœliborski Gorge has been monitored from 1999 (Bodziarczyk 1999, 2004). In the 128 m 2 area of the permanent research plot, the number of specimens increased considerably by 51% within 5 years. According to the stage struc-

4 186 Jan-Bodziarczyk,-Marek-Malicki 186 Fig. 1. Distribution of Phyllitis scolopendrium sites in Lower Silesia; a presently confirmed sites, b site requiring further verification, c newly discovered sites, d historical sites nonexisting today; 1 Myœliborski Gorge, 2 Ostrzyca Proboszczowicka, 3 Kwisa valley, 4 Wojcieszów, 5 Lubomierz, 6 Dolnoœl¹skie Forests Ryc. 1. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk jêzycznika zwyczajnego Phyllitis scolopendrium na Dolnym Œl¹sku; a stanowisko potwierdzone, b stanowisko wymagaj¹ce ponownej weryfikacji, c stanowisko nowe, d stanowisko zanik³e; 1 W¹wóz Myœliborski, 2 Ostrzyca Proboszczowicka, 3 Dolina Kwisy, 4 Wojcieszów, 5 Lubomierz, 6 Bory Dolnoœl¹skie ture analysis of the population its renewal is significant. The juvenile and sporificating stages are most critical for population stability. Nowadays these two stages co-dominate in the Myœliborski Gorge population. Participation of senile specimens never reaches more than 3 %. The biggest specimen noted in on-cliff population had 18 leaves, while the one observed on-hills 12 leaves. The maximum leaf length of P. scolopendrium reached 68.7 cm in a specimen growing on a hill, while the longest leaf noted on cliff was 58 cm long. The site near Lubomierz The site was discovered in 2007 by a forester in Lwówek Œl¹ski District near Lubomierz. It is located in an old worked-out quarry. A natural plant

5 187 Hart s-tongue-phyllitis-scolopendrium-(l.)-newm-in-the-lower-silesia-region 187 community of the site is strongly degraded and only partially preserved. Picea abies and Larix decidua are dominant in the tree stand, and Fraxinus excelsior and Acer pseudoplatanus are also included. Apart from the hart s tongue another rare fern species Polystichum aculeatum and Polystichum lonchitis were noted in the undergrowth. The presence of other specimens co-occurring in the ground cover shows regeneration tendency towards the community of Phyllitido-Aceretum with Phyllitis scolopendrium. Altogether, six specimens of hart s tongue were observed at this site. One adult fern developed 8 leaves with sporangia, the biggest leaf noted in 2007 was 41 cm long (Fig. 2). The other specimens were in a juvenile stage and grew 3 5 leaves, having from 0.8 to 2.2 cm in length. Relevé below presents the composition of a surrounding plant community. Data: r., Localization (lokalizacja): Lwówek l¹ski Forest District, Lubomierz Forestry; Altitude (wysoko æ n.p.m.) a.s.l.: 400 m; Exposition: W; Inclination (nachylenie) 35o; Area of relevé (powierzchnia zdjêcia): 200 m2; Cover of tree layer (zwarcie warstwy drzew) a 70%; Fig. 2. Hart s tongue in a newly discovered site in an overgrown worked-out quarry near Lubomierz (phot. J. Bodziarczyk) Ryc. 2 Jêzycznik zwyczajny na nowym stanowisku w zarastaj¹cym kamienio³omie ko³o Lubomierza (fot. J. Bodziarczyk) C z y polskie w nawiasach ma³ymi?

6 188 Jan-Bodziarczyk,-Marek-Malicki 188 Fig. 3. Newly discovered site in Dolno l¹skie Forests; a crevice of bunker stairs surrounded by fresh coniferous forest (phot. J. Bodziarczyk) Ryc. 3. Nowe stanowisko w Borach Dolno l¹skich; szczelina schodów bunkra, w otoczeniu boru sosnowego wie ego (fot. J. Bodziarczyk)

7 189 Hart s-tongue-phyllitis-scolopendrium-(l.)-newm-in-the-lower-silesia-region 189 C z y polskie w nawiasach ma³ymi? Cover of shrub layer (zwarcie warstwy krzewów) b 40%; Cover of herb layer (pokrycie warstwy zielnej) c 30%, Cover of moss layer (pokrycie warstwy mchów) d 40%; a: Acer pseudoplatanus 1, Picea abies 2, Fraxinus excelsior 2, Cerasus avium 1, Quercus robur +, Larix decidua +; b: Acer pseudoplatanus 1, Corylus avellana 2, Ribes alpinum 1, Cerasus avium +, Daphne mezereum +, Viburnum opulus +, Tilia cordata +, Sorbus aucuparia +, Picea abies +, Fraxinus excelsior +, Acer platanoides +; c: Phyllitis scolopendrium +, Polystichum aculeatum 1, Circaea lutetiana 1, Athyrium filixfemina 1, Polystichum lonchitis +, Cerasus avium +, Viburnum opulus +, Sanicula europaea +, Dryopteris filix-mas +, Orthilia secunda +, Urtica dioica +; d: Mnium hornum 3, Plagiothecium laetum 1, Plagiothecium affine 1, Kindbergia praelonga +. The site near Przemków This site was discovered in 2008 by foresters in the Przemków Forest District. The young population is located in the eastern part of Dolnoœl¹skie Forests. It is very unusual site, because Phyllitis scolopendrium grows there 70 cm below the earth surface in crevices of concrete stairs of a small German bunker, the fortification element from the II World War (Fig. 3). The site is surrounded by a fresh coniferous forest with a poorly developed herb layer. Pinus sylvestris is the dominant tree with seldom occurrence of Quercus sp. Eleven specimens of hart s tongue were noted at the site but only one adult among them. It developed 22 leaves covered with sporangia; the longest was 22 cm long. The other specimens were in a juvenile stage and of the size generally below 3 cm. According to foresters reports a clear cutting was carried out about years ago. It might create a possibility for Phyllitis scolopendrium territorial expansion. The closest site of the fern in the Myœliborski Gorge is 60 km SE far from there and could have been the source of diaspores. 3. Discussion In the area of Lower Silesia only three mentioned above hart s tongue sites have been described until now; two from the Kaczawskie Foothills and one from the Izerskie Foothills. Only the site from the Myœliborski Gorge has been confirmed for years. Since 1962 it is protected in the reserve but it does not mean the effective protection. Since 1999 it has been monitored in 5 year cycle. Tourism pressure is the main danger for the species, especially for the population growing on a slope. The subpopulation growing on rocks and in crevices is not so accessible and therefore is safer. It provides spores for the subpopulation growing on hills. In comparison with other sites, at present population is viable, consists of the high number of specimens, and in the recent years ( ) its number constantly grown, both in hill population and on the rocks (Bodziarczyk 1999, 2004). This increase is accompanied by an increase

8 190 Jan-Bodziarczyk,-Marek-Malicki 190 in density, but not by enlargement of occupied area. After penetrating the described territory and evaluating the microsite possibilities, new sites of P. scolopendrium might be expected there. However as hart s tongue growth is very slow, the process of colonization of new sites might be long. New sites discovered in the Lubomierz vicinity and Dolnoœl¹skie Forests may be the result of spore dissemination from the Myœliborski Gorge, located 42 (Lubomierz) and 54 km (Dolnoœl¹skie Forests) away. Other potential sources of spores are situated further, in the central part of Krakowsko-Czêstochowska Jure (Wika et al. 2005; Bodziarczyk, Malik 2006), at a 300 km distance (Fig. 4) or in Moravia (Hendrych, Müller 2007), at a km distance. Moreover, the source of spores from the Harz Mts., at similar distance as Jure, can not be excluded (Benkert et al. 1996; Hardtke, Ihl 2000). Predominant west and northwest winds support this hypothesis, but proving it could be difficult. The genetic analysis seems to be the only way of solving this question. The location of Lower Silesia sites is especially interesting from the phytogeographical point of view. They are a connection between eastern sites in Fig. 4. Localization of the closest sites of Phyllitis scolopendrium in relation to Lower Silesia newly discovered sites; I Harz Mts., Germany; II Moravia, in the Czech Republik; III Krakowsko-Czestochowska Jure, Poland; 1 country borders, 2 administrative borders, 3 large sites of hart s tongue, 4 single sites of hart s tongue, 5 newly discovered sites Ryc. 4. Rozmieszczenie najbli szych stanowisk jêzycznika zwyczajnego Phyllitis scolopendrium wzglêdem nowych stanowisk z Dolnego Œl¹ska; I Góry Harz w Niemczech, II Morawy w Czechach, III Jura Krakowsko-Czêstochowska w Polsce; 1 granice pañstw, 2 granice administracyjne, 4 pojedyncze stanowiska jêzycznika, 3 wiêksze skupiska jêzycznika, 5 nowe stanowiska

9 191 Hart s-tongue-phyllitis-scolopendrium-(l.)-newm-in-the-lower-silesia-region 191 Krakowsko-Czêstochowska Jure, the Carpathians and Moravia, and western sites in the Harz Mts. and Thuringian Forest. The future of two newly discovered hart s tongue sites is uncertain, despite the presence of specimens with spores and juvenile specimens. Populations are too small and therefore could be endangered. Certainly, they require observation. Both of them will be monitored in 5 year cycle, similarly as the Myœliborski Gorge site. The discovery of two new sites of Phyllitis scolopendrium motivates for further research in the south-western part of Poland. It is possible that more small isolated sites of this fern exist there. In particular, penetration of anthropogenic sites, such as old worked-out quarries, old walls of buildings covered with plants (e.g. castles, churches or wells) might prove useful. Acknowledgements. We express our thanks to foresters: to Mr. Klaudiusz Bury, M.Sc., from Przemków District and to Mr. Ireneusz Migura, M.Sc., from Lwówek Œl¹ski District for the localization of new sites of Phyllitis scolopendrium, to Mr. Remigiusz Pielech, M.Sc., for the information about Wojcieszów site. We thank Dr. Martyna Elas and Ms. Anna Bo ek, M.Sc. for translation. References BENKERT D., FUKAREK F., KORSCH H Verbreitungsatlas der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Ostdeutschlands. Jena, Stuttgart, Lübeck, Ulm. BODZIARCZYK J Ekspertyza stanu populacji paproci jêzycznika zwyczajnego Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. w rezerwacie przyrody W¹wóz Myœliborski. Katedra Botaniki Leœnej i Ochrony Przyrody, AR, Kraków. Mscr., 37 pp. BODZIARCZYK J Zró nicowanie zespo³u jaworzyny górskiej z jêzycznikiem Phyllitido-Aceretum w Polsce. Fragm. Flor. Geobot. Polonica 9: BODZIARCZYK J Ekspertyza stanu populacji paproci jêzycznika zwyczajnego Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. w rezerwacie przyrody W¹wóz Myœliborski - stan na rok Katedra Botaniki Leœnej i Ochrony Przyrody, AR, Kraków. Mscr., 32 pp. BODZIARCZYK J., MALIK R Rozmieszczenie, warunki wystêpowania i ocena liczebnoœci populacji jêzycznika zwyczajnego Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. na Wy ynie Krakowsko-Czêstochowskiej. Fragm. Flor. Geobot. Polonica 13(1): BRAUN-BLANQUET J Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. 3. Aufl. Springer Verl., Wien, XIV+865 pp. FABISZEWSKI J., KO A W., KWIATKOWSKI P Jêzycznik zwyczajny Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. w Sudetach. Annales Silesiae 27:

10 192 Jan-Bodziarczyk,-Marek-Malicki 192 FIEK E Flora von Schlesien preussischen und österreichischen Antheils. Breslau, J.U. Kerns Verl., pp. FREY A., GUZIK J Materia³y do atlasu rozmieszczenia roœlin naczyniowych w Karpatach polskich. 3. Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 15(2): HADTKE H.J., IHL A Atlas der Farn- und Samenpflanzen Sachsens, Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie. Dresden. HENDRYCH R., MÜLLER J Phyllitis scolopendrium, historie a souèasnost na území Èeské republiky. Zprávy Èes. Bot. Spoleè. 42(1):1 23. K CKI Z., DAJDOK Z., SZCZÊŒNIAK E Czerwona Lista Roœlin Naczyniowych Dolnego Œl¹ska. In: K CKI Z. (ed.), Zagro one gatunki flory naczyniowej Dolnego Œl¹ska. Instytut Biologii Roœlin Uniwersytetu Wroc³awskiego, Polskie Towarzystwo Przyjació³ Przyrody Pro Natura, Wroc³aw, p LEURSSEN C Die Farnpflanzen oder Gefänböndelkryptogamen (Pteridophyta). von E. Krummer Verl., Leipzig. LIMPRICHT K.G Kryptogamenflora von Schlesien. Breslau, 444 pp. MATUSZKIEWICZ A Materia³y do fitosocjologicznej systematyki buczyn i pokrewnych zespo³ów (zwi¹zek Fagion) w Polsce. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 27(4): MIREK Z., PIÊKOŒ-MIREK H., ZAJ C A., ZAJ C M Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A checklist. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, 442 pp. OCHYRA R., ARNOWIEC J., BEDNAREK-OCHYRA H Cenzus Catalogue of Polish mosses. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Kraków, 372 pp. SCHUBE T Die Verbreitung der Gefässpflanzen in Schlesien, preussischen und österreichischen Anteils. R. Nischowsky, Breslau, 361 pp. WIKA S., SZCZYPEK T., BARÆ A Stanowiska jaworzyny górskiej Phyllitido- Aceretum Moor 1952 na obszarze œrodkowej czêœci Wy yny Krakowsko- Wieluñskiej - dynamika przemian i stan ich zagro enia. Natura Silesiae Superioris 8(2004): ZAJ C A., ZAJ C M. (eds) Atlas rozmieszczenia roœlin naczyniowych w Polsce. Pracownia Chorologii Komputerowej Instytutu Botaniki Uniwersytetu Jagielloñskiego i Fundacja dla Uniwersytetu Jagielloñskiego, Kraków, 714 pp.

11 193 Hart s-tongue-phyllitis-scolopendrium-(l.)-newm-in-the-lower-silesia-region 193 Jêzycznik zwyczajny Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. na Dolnym Œl¹sku Jêzycznik zwyczajny Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. na Dolnym Œl¹sku nale y do gatunków skrajnie rzadkich i zaliczony zosta³ do grupy taksonów wysokiego ryzyka, ze statusem krytycznie zagro onego CR critically endangered (K¹cki et al. 2003). Opieraj¹c siê na danych z literatury oraz doniesieniach z ostatnich dwóch lat zweryfikowano rozmieszczenie stanowisk gatunku. Na potwierdzonych stanowiskach okreœlono liczebnoœæ populacji i jej strukturê oraz przeprowadzono ocenê stanu zagro enia. Na podstawie poszukiwañ i przeprowadzonych analiz wykazano z obszaru Dolnego Œl¹ska 6 stanowisk jêzycznika zwyczajnego (ryc. 1). Tylko trzy z nich uznano za aktualnie istniej¹ce, dwa za zanik³e, a jedno wymaga dalszych poszukiwañ. Najbogatsze stanowisko, znane i potwierdzane od ponad 100 lat, po³o one jest w rezerwacie przyrody W¹wóz Myœliborski na Pogórzu Kaczawskim. Liczebnoœæ jêzycznika na tym stanowisku przekracza aktualnie 2000 osobników i w ci¹gu ostatnich lat istotnie siê zwiêkszy³a. Stan i rozwój populacji s¹ prawid³owe, co potwierdzaj¹ wyniki analizy struktury wielkoœci i struktury stadialnej osobników. Oddzielnym problemem jest silna presja turystyczna w zasiêgu stanowiska, która w przypadku braku kontroli mo e mieæ istotny wp³yw na rozwój populacji, a zw³aszcza potencjalne mo liwoœci zwiêkszenia lokalnego zasiêgu. Aktualne ograniczenia i kontrola ruchu turystycznego w rezerwacie wydaj¹ siê optymalne. Nowoodkryte przez leœników stanowiska po³o one s¹ w Nadleœnictwie Lwówek Œl¹ski i w Nadleœnictwie Przemków w Borach Dolnoœl¹skich. Pierwsze znajduje siê w dawnym kamienio³omie, który aktualnie zarasta na skutek wtórnej sukcesji. Stanowisko liczy zaledwie 6 osobników, z których tylko jeden osi¹gn¹³ dojrza³oœæ (ryc. 2), a pozosta³e to osobniki m³odociane, które wykszta³ci³y maksymalnie 5 liœci o d³ugoœci nie przekraczaj¹cej 2,2 cm. Drugie stanowisko, bardzo nietypowe, odkryto w szczelinach betonowych schodów poniemieckiego bunkra (ryc. 3). Jêzycznik roœnie tam 70 cm poni ej poziomu powierzchni ziemi. Stanowisko liczy 11 osobników, ale tylko jeden z nich jest dojrza³y i wykszta³ci³ 22 liœcie zarodnikuj¹ce. Najd³u szy z nich osi¹gn¹³ 22 cm d³ugoœci. Liœcie pozosta³ych osobników w stadium juwenilnym na ogó³ nie przekracza³y 3 cm d³ugoœci. Weryfikacji i kolejnych poszukiwañ wymaga stanowisko z Wojcieszowa, którego nie uda³o nam siê potwierdziæ wiosn¹ 2008 roku. Nowoodkryte stanowiska byæ mo e s¹ efektem rozprzestrzeniania siê zarodników z najwiêkszego stanowiska na Dolnym Œl¹sku w W¹wozie Myœliborskim. Niewykluczone, e Ÿród³em zarodników mog³y byæ inne stanowiska, znacznie bardziej odleg³e, np. na Jurze Krakowsko-Czêstochowskiej, a nawet w Górach Harzu czy na Morawach (ryc. 4).

12 194 Jan-Bodziarczyk,-Marek-Malicki 194 Przysz³oœæ nowoodkrytych stanowisk jêzycznika jest niepewna i zale y g³ównie od czynników losowych. Wielkoœæ powierzchni, jak¹ zajmuje ka de z nich, to zaledwie 1/4 m 2 czyli zasiêg liœci rozety osobnika dojrza³ego. Wszystkie znane stanowiska z Dolnego Œl¹ska objête zosta³y monitoringiem w cyklu 5 letnim.