Peculiar pteridophyte species of the administrative Silesia Province (Southern Poland)

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1 127 Peculiar-pteridophyte-species-of-the-administrative-Silesia-Province 127 Peculiar pteridophyte species of the administrative Silesia Province (Southern Poland) DARIUSZ TLA KA 1, ADAM ROSTAÑSKI 2 1 Os. nad So³¹ 4/19, PL Kêty, Poland; dariusz.tlalka@o2.pl 2 University of Silesia, Department of Plant Systematics, PL Katowice, Jagielloñska 28, Poland; adam.rostanski@us.edu.pl ABSTRACT: The Upper Silesia Province is often perceived as a heavily degraded region transformed by the industrial activity. The process of industrialization and urbanization of this region, lasting for over 200 years, left its mark on the diversity of natural habitats and the richness of the flora and fauna. Despite those unfavourable factors, there are still a lot of elements of natural flora in the region, which are often essential for the maintenance of the biological diversity of the country. In the present paper the authors focused on the current status of the exceptionally rare pteridophytes in the borders of the administrative Silesia Province. The criterion for species selection was the smallest number of rating of the specimen in the region (1 7 locations). Pteridophytes discussed here include 5 lycopods, 1 horsetail, and 7 fern species. ABSTRAKT: Region Górnoœl¹ski postrzegany jest czêsto jako silnie zdegradowany i przekszta³cony przez dzia³alnoœæ przemys³ow¹ cz³owieka. Trwaj¹cy od ponad 200 lat proces industrializacji i urbanizacji tego obszaru wywar³ swoje piêtno na zró nicowaniu siedlisk naturalnych i bogactwie gatunkowym flory i fauny. Pomimo tych niekorzystnych zjawisk region zachowa³ wiele elementów flory naturalnej, istotnych dla zachowania ró norodnoœci biologicznej kraju. W prezentowanym opracowaniu autorzy skupili siê na przedstawieniu aktualnego statusu wyj¹tkowo rzadkich paprotników na obszarze województwa Œl¹skiego. Za kryterium wyboru przyjêto najmniejsz¹ liczbê notowañ gatunku w regionie (1 7 stanowisk). Wœród omawianych paprotników znajduje siê m.in. 5 wid³aków, 1 skrzyp i 7 gatunków paproci. KEY WORDS: pteridophytes, endangered species, Upper Silesia, Silesia Province TLA KA D., ROSTAÑSKI A Peculiar pteridophyte species of the administrative Silesia Province (Southern Poland). In: E. Szczêœniak, E. Gola (eds), Club mosses, horsetails and ferns in Poland resources and protection. Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroc³aw, Wroc³aw, p

2 128 Dariusz-Tla³ka,-Adam-Rostañski 128 Introduction The Upper Silesia, with its highly urbanized area and population density, is often perceived as a heavily degraded region transformed by the industrial activity. The process of industrialization and urbanization of this region, lasting for over 200 years, left its mark on the diversity of natural habitats and the richness of the flora and fauna species. Despite those unfavourable factors, the region still has a lot of elements of natural flora, quite often essential for the maintenance of the biological diversity of the country. In the present paper the authors focused on the current status of the exceptionally rare pteridophytes, which occupy single localities in the borders of the administrative Silesia Province, some of them being only historical now. The rarest 13 species were chosen out of over 50 pteridophytes noted in the studied area based on the own research and the botanical literature (Uechtritz 1864; ; Fiek 1881; Schube 1903; Schube 1904; Czudek 1929; Pacyna 1972; Kobierski 1974; Bia³ecka 1982; Bary³a 2001; Bary³a et al. 2001; KaŸmierczakowa, Zarzycki 2001; Parusel 2002, 2008; Œwiês 1966; Zaj¹c, Zaj¹c 2001; Baza ATPOL 2008). The criterion for their selection was the smallest number of stands in the region (1 7 historical and present locations). 1. Methods The nomenclature of the species and the plant families was given after Mirek et al. (2002). The distribution of the localities for each species was given according to the ATPOL gird system (Zaj¹c, Zaj¹c 2001). Symbols on the schematic maps of species distribution were applied after The Polish Red Book of Plants (KaŸmierczakowa, Zarzycki 2001). 2. Results Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub, Lycopodiaceae (Fig. 1) species extinct in the borders of the administrative Silesia Province CF69: the Paruszowicki Forest near Rybnik (Uechtritz 1864; Fiek 1881; Schube 1903), historical at present; DE64: the Kruszyna Forestry District, at present the Gidle Forestry District; the administrative Czêstochowa district; historical at present; no data on the author and collection date (Pacyna 1972); DE81: Po³omaniec near Czêstochowa; the locality found by F. Karo in 1874; after Pacyna (1972); historical at present; DF02: between Piasek and Œliwa,

3 129 Peculiar-pteridophyte-species-of-the-administrative-Silesia-Province 129 the Lubliniec district; the locality found by T. Schube in 1894; after Pacyna (1972); historical at present; DF10: between Œwiniowice and Borowiany, the Gliwice district; the locality found by T. Schube in 1894; after Pacyna (1972); historical at present; DF12: the ygliñski Forest near Miasteczko Œl¹skie; historical at present; no data on the author and collection date (Pacyna 1972), DF60: near Boguszowice, the Rybnik district; the locality found by M. Smattorsch in 1915; after Pacyna (1972), a specimen in WRSL; historical at present. Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursch) Holub, Lycopodiaceae (Fig. 2) species extinct in the studied region CF19: D¹brówka, the Gliwice district (Schube 1903), historical at present; CF58: between Rudy and Ruda Kozielska; the locality found by Frietze in 1863; after Pacyna (1972); historical at present; DE81: Tanina; the locality found by S. Pokorny in 1963; historical at present; after ATPOL Data-Base (2008); DE84: Olsztyn near Czêstochowa; the locality found by F. Karo in 1854; after Pacyna (1972); historical at present. Fig. 1. Distribution of Diphasiastrum zeilleri Rys. 1. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Diphasiastrum zeilleri na badanym terenie; Fig. 2. Distribution of Diphasiastrum tristachyum Rys. 2. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Diphasiastrum tristachyum na badanym terenie;

4 130 Dariusz-Tla³ka,-Adam-Rostañski 130 Diphasiastrum alpinum (L.) Holub, Lycopodiaceae (Fig. 3) species presumably extinct in the region DG25: Beskid ywiecki: Pilsko, N and NW hillsides, m; the locality found by H. Zapa³owicz and F. Berdau (?), confirmed by K. Bia³ecka in 1970; at present confirmed by W. Szypu³a after the year 2000 (pers. inf.), but not confirmed by the authors in last years. Diphasiastrum issleri (Rouy) Holub, Lycopodiaceae (Fig. 4) species presumably extinct in the region DG34: Beskid ywiecki: Glinka, Butorówka (800 m), the ywiec district; the locality found by H. Piêkoœ in 1971 (after Pacyna 1972); at present probably historical, not confirmed by authors despite the intensive search (D. Tla³ka) in Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring, Selaginellaceae (Fig. 5) species presumably extinct in the region and in Poland DF72: Pszczyna; the locality found by T. Schube in 1908 (Bary³a 2001); historical at present. Equisetum litorale Kühlew ex Rupr., Equisetaceae (Fig. 6) DG15: Beskid ywiecki: Gajka (460 m), the ywiec district; the locality found by D. Tla³ka in 2004 and confirmed in 2008; a specimen in the Herbarium (KTU). Botrychium matricariifolium (Retz.) A.Braun ex W.D.J. Koch, Ophioglossaceae (Fig. 7) CF19: D¹brówka, the Gliwice district (Schube 1903); historical at present; CF29: Toszek; the locality given by Kobierski (1974); currently not confirmed by the authors; DF20: D¹browa, the Gliwice district; the locality given by Kobierski (1974); currently not confirmed by the authors; DF24: Siewierz- Warê yno; the locality found by B. Tokarska-Guzik in 2007 and confirmed by her and by A. Rostañski in 2008 (photographic documentation); Beskid ywiecki: Okr¹g³a (940 m); the ywiec district; the locality given by Bia³ecka (1982); currently not confirmed by the authors despite the intensive search (D. Tla³ka in 2008). Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr., Ophioglossaceae (Fig. 8) species presumably extinct in the region CF19: D¹brówka, the Gliwice district (Schube 1903); historical at present; CF29: Toszek (Schube 1904); historical at present; DF73: Frydek near Pszczyna (Schube 1904); historical at present; DF93: Beskid Œl¹ski: Ko³owrót, the Bielsko-Bia³a district; the locality found by Schube in 1900 (Schube 1903); historical at present.

5 131 Peculiar-pteridophyte-species-of-the-administrative-Silesia-Province 131 Fig. 3. Distribution of Diphasiastrum alpinum Rys. 3. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Diphasiastrum alpinum na badanym terenie; Fig. 4. Distribution of Diphasiastrum issleri Rys. 4. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Diphasiastrum issleri na badanym terenie; Fig. 5. Distribution of Selaginella helvetica Rys. 5. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Selaginella helvetica na badanym terenie; Fig. 6. Distribution of Equisetum litorale Rys. 6. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Equisetum litorale na badanym terenie; stanowisko naturalne, aktualnie potwierdzone

6 132 Dariusz-Tla³ka,-Adam-Rostañski 132 Fig. 7. Distribution of Botrichium matricariifolium Rys. 7. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Botrichium matricariifolium na badanym terenie; t stanowisko naturalne, historyczne, stanowisko naturalne, aktualnie potwierdzone Fig. 8. Distribution of Botrichium multifidum Rys. 8. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Botrychium multifidum na badanym terenie; Fig. 9. Distribution of Asplenium septentrionale Rys. 9. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Asplenium septentrionale na badanym terenie;, stanowisko naturalne, aktualnie potwierdzone Fig. 10. Distribution of Cystopteris montana Rys. 10. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Cystopteris montana na badanym terenie; stanowisko naturalne, aktualnie potwierdzone

7 133 Peculiar-pteridophyte-species-of-the-administrative-Silesia-Province 133 Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm., Aspleniaceae (Fig. 9) DG01: Godula, the Cieszyn district; the locality found by H. Zapa³owicz in 1906 (after ATPOL Data-Base 2008); historical at present; DG03: Beskid Œl¹ski: Skrzyczne; the locality found by J. Krupa in 1879 (after ATPOL Data-Base 2008); historical at present; DG13: Beskid Œl¹ski: Ostre, E slope, ( m); the locality found by Z. Wilczek in 1998, confirmed by D. Tla³ka in 2008; a specimen in the herbarium (KTU); DG23: Beskid Œl¹ski: Madejowa Kiczora, SW slope (600 m), Sól; the locality found by J. B. Parusel in 1979 (Parusel 2002), currently not confirmed by the authors despite the intensive search (D. Tla³ka) in 2008; DG24: Beskid ywiecki: the Gaw³owski Potok valley (690 m Bia³ecka 1982), currently not confirmed by the authors despite the intensive search (D. Tla³ka) in Cystopteris montana (Lam.) Desv., Woodsiaceae (Fig. 10) DG24: Beskid ywiecki: at the foot of Rysianka ( m); the locality found by Z. Wilczek in 1995 and confirmed by him in Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth, Dryopteridaceae (Fig. 11) CF69: Rybnik; the locality given by F.G. Gorck in 1912 (after ATPOL Data-Base 2008); historical at present; DG01: Beskid Œl¹ski: Ustroñ- Poniwiec, Wielka Czantoria, N slope (410m); the locality found by D. Tla³ka in 2008; DG11: Beskid Œl¹ski: Wis³a- Uzdrowisko; the locality given by L. Kobierski in 1955 (after ATPOL Data-Base 2008); DG13: Beskid Œl¹ski: Barania Góra; the locality found by F. Ludera (?); after ATPOL Data- Base (2008); DG24: Beskid ywiecki: the Gaw³owski Potok valley ( m Bia³ecka 1982), currently not confirmed by the authors despite the intensive search (D. Tla³ka) in 2008; DG25: Beskid ywiecki: Pilsko; the locality found by Senkowski (?); after ATPOL Data-Base (2008). Fig. 11. Distribution of Polystichum lonchitis š natural locality, not confirmed since 1980; Rys. 11. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Polystichum lonchitis na badanym terenie;, š stanowisko naturalne, nie potwierdzone po roku 1980, stanowisko naturalne, aktualnie potwierdzone

8 134 Dariusz-Tla³ka,-Adam-Rostañski 134 Dryopteris remota (A. Braun in Döll) Druce, Dryopteridaceae (Fig. 12) DF92: Beskid Œl¹ski: the Jasionka valley (600 m); the locality found by D. Tla³ka in 2008; DF95: Beskid Ma³y: Wielka Puszcza valley ( m); the locality found by D. Tla³ka in 2007 and confirmed in 2008; a specimen in the herbarium (KTU); Beskid Ma³y: Beskid, SE slope, near Prze³êcz Kocierska ( m); the locality found by D. Tla³ka in 2008; a specimen in the herbarium (KTU); Beskid Ma³y: amana Ska³a, SE slope ( m); the locality found by D. Tla³ka in 2008; a specimen in the herbarium (KTU); DG05: Beskid Ma³y: Nad P³onem, NW slope ( m); the locality found by D. Tla³ka in 2008; a specimen in the herbarium (KTU); DG05: Beskid Ma³y: Ma³y Gibasów Wierch, SW slope ( m); the locality found by D. Tla³ka in 2008; a specimen in the herbarium (KTU); DG23: Beskid ywiecki: Sucha Góra, SW slope ( m); the locality found by D. Tla³ka in Marsilea quadrifolia L., Marsileaceae (Fig. 13) species extinct in the region and in Poland in natural localities CF59: Rybnicka KuŸnia; the locality found by R. Uechtritz in 1871 and last time observed by A. Czudek in 1929; historical at present; DF72: Wis³a Wielka, Fig. 12. Distribution of Dryopteris remota Rys. 12. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Dryopteris remota na badanym terenie; stanowisko naturalne, aktualnie potwierdzone Fig. 13. Distribution of Marsilea quadrifolia, p substitute locality, confirmed after the year 1980 Rys. 13. Rozmieszczenie stanowisk Marsilea quadrifolia na badanym terenie;, p stanowisko zastêpcze, potwierdzone po 1980 roku

9 135 Peculiar-pteridophyte-species-of-the-administrative-Silesia-Province 135 the Pszczyna district, at the Gocza³kowice Resevoir bank; the locality found by a casual observer in 1973; historical at present, not confirmed by A. and M. Zaj¹c despite the intensive search in 2006; after ATPOL Data-Base (2008). Note: Marsilea quadrifolia is currently present in the Botanical Garden of Zabrze and in the introduced localities in Rudy Wielkie and in Mys³owice- Dzieækowice (Parusel 2008). 3. Conclusions The list of rare pteridophytes presented above includes 13 species with contemporary or historical localities within the studied area of the Silesia Province. Some of them can be regarded as rare or very rare not only in this limited area but also in Poland, e.g. Diphasiastrum issleri, Botrychium matricariifolium, B. multifidum. Nine of these species are protected by law (Minister of Environment 2004). The extensive deforestation, industrialization and urbanization since the beginning of the 19 th century has caused the vanishing of the most of pteridophyte localities or, at least, these localities have been severely transformed and damaged. Five species including three Lycopodiophyta: two lycopods i.e., Diphasiastrum tristachyum, D. zeilleri, one spikemoss Selaginella helvetica, and two Pteridophyta: Botrichium multifidum and Marsilea quadrifolia became extinct. Destruction of the natural localities (Marsilea quadrifolia) as well as transformations of the forest cover were the most common and the major reasons of species extinction. The occurrence of two montane Diphasiastrum species (D. alpinum and D. issleri) has not been confirmed for many years and therefore their status is highly uncertain. Two species of montane ferns, Cystopteris montana and Polystichum lonchitis, as well as of one the rock fern (Asplenium septentrionale) have recently been confirmed from isolated localities. This suggests that these populations might be endangered. The remarkable fact is the frequent occurrence of Dryopteris remota, the rare species occurring only in isolated localities in other parts of Poland and until now not confirmed from studied region, where it has been discovered in recent years by one of the authors. The hybrid origin as well as uncertain diagnostic features suggest that the fern could be more common and the discovery of new localities is highly probable. Although the environment of the Silesia Province is transformed and sometimes severely damaged, it still offers the significant number of places, where rare pteridophyte species are still waiting for the discovery.

10 136 Dariusz-Tla³ka,-Adam-Rostañski 136 References BARY A J Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring - Widliczka szwajcarska. In: KA MIERCZAKOWA R., ZARZYCKI K. (eds), Polska czerwona ksiêga roœlin. Paprotniki i roœliny kwiatowe. Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera PAN, Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków, p BARY A J., ZAJ C M., ZARZYCKI K Marsilea quadrifolia L. - Marsylia czterolistna. In: KA MIERCZAKOWA R., ZARZYCKI K. (eds), Polska czerwona ksiêga roœlin. Paprotniki i roœliny kwiatowe. Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera PAN, Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków, p BIA ECKA K Roœliny naczyniowe grupy Pilska w Beskidzie ywieckim. Zesz. Naukowe UJ, Prace Bot. 10: CZUDEK A Osobliwoœci i zabytki przyrody województwa œl¹skiego. PROP 19: 1 79, Kraków. FIEK E Flora von Schlesien. J.U. Kerns Verlag, Breslau, 571 pp. KA MIERCZAKOWA R., ZARZYCKI K. (eds) Polska czerwona ksiêga roœlin. Paprotniki i roœliny kwiatowe. Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera PAN, Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków. KOBIERSKI L Roœliny naczyniowe Garbu Tarnogórskiego na Wy ynie Œl¹skiej. Rocz. Muz. Górnoœl. w Bytomiu, Ser. Przyr. 8: MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT Rozporz¹dzenie z dnia 9 lipca 2004 r. w sprawie gatunków dziko wystêpuj¹cych roœlin objêtych ochron¹. Dz. Ust. Nr 168, poz. 1764, z dn. 28 lipca MIREK Z., PIÊKOŒ-MIREK H., ZAJ C A., ZAJ C M Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A checklist. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Science, Kraków, p PACYNA A Polskie gatunki rodzaju Diphasium Presl i ich rozmieszczenie w kraju. Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 18: PARUSEL J.B Roœlinnoœæ zachodniego krañca Karpat. Przyr. Górnego Œl¹ska 30: 6 7. PARUSEL J.B ywe zasoby dla restytucji wymar³ej w Polsce marsylii czterolistnej (Marsilea quadrifolia). In: SZCZÊŒNIAK E. (ed.), Zasoby paprotników w Polsce i mo liwoœci ich ochrony. II Ogólnopolska Konferencja Pteridologiczna, Wroc³aw, dn wrzeœnia 2008, p. 17. SCHUBE TH Die Verbreitung der Gefässpflanzen in Schlesien. R. Nischowsky, Breslau, 361 pp. SCHUBE TH Flora von Schlesien, preussischen und österreichischen Anteils. Verl. Von W. G. Korn, Breslau, 456 pp. ŒWIÊS F Rozmieszczenie Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. i Aconitum moldavicum Hacq. w po³udniowej Polsce. Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 12(2): UECHTRITZ R Mitthelungen ueber folgende neuen oder seltene Pflanzen. Jahres-Berichte d. Schles. Gesell. f. vaterl. Cultur 41:

11 137 Peculiar-pteridophyte-species-of-the-administrative-Silesia-Province 137 UECHTRITZ R Die wichtigeren Ergebnisse der Durforschung der schlesischen Phanerogamenflora im Jahre Jahres-Berichte d. Schles. Gesell. f. vaterl. Cultur 53: , 54: , 55: , 56: , 57: , 60: , 61: , 62: , 63: ZAJ C A., ZAJ C M. (eds) Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants in Poland. Laboratory of Computer Chorology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian Univ., Kraków. ZAJ C A., ZAJ C M. (eds), ATPOL Data-Base Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants in Poland. Laboratory of Computer Chorology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian Univ., Kraków. Osobliwe gatunki paprotników województwa œl¹skiego (po³udniowa Polska) Region Górnoœl¹ski postrzegany jest czêsto jako silnie zdegradowany i przekszta³cony przez dzia³alnoœæ przemys³ow¹ cz³owieka. Trwaj¹cy od ponad 200 lat proces industrializacji i urbanizacji tego obszaru wywar³ swoje piêtno na zró nicowaniu siedlisk naturalnych i bogactwie gatunkowym flory i fauny. Pomimo tych niekorzystnych zjawisk region zachowa³ wiele elementów flory naturalnej istotnych dla zachowania ró norodnoœci biologicznej kraju. W prezentowanym opracowaniu autorzy skupili siê na przedstawieniu aktualnego statusu wyj¹tkowo rzadkich paprotników, posiadaj¹cych pojedyncze stanowiska w czêœci ju tylko historyczne na obszarze województwa œl¹skiego. Za kryterium wyboru przyjêto najmniejsz¹ liczbê notowañ gatunku w regionie (1 7 stanowisk). Wœród omawianych paprotników znajduj¹ siê 4 wid³aki (Diphasiastrum zeilleri. D. tristachyum, D. alpinum, D. issleri), 1 widliczka (Selaginella helvetica), 1 skrzyp (Equisetum litorale) oraz 7 gatunków paproci (Botrichium matricariifolium, B. multifidum, Asplenium septentrionale, Cystopteris montana, Polystichum lonchitis, Dryopteris ramota, Marsilea quadrifolia).