Conflicts of interests/interaction with other underground use

Transkrypt

1 Conflicts of interests/interaction with other underground use Adam Wójcicki, PGI-NRI 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 1

2 ANNEX I. CRITERIA FOR THE CHARACTERISATION The following characteristics of the complex vicinity shall be documented: population distribution proximity to valuable natural resources (including in particular Natura 2000 areas pursuant to Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds(1)oj L 103, , p. 1. and Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora(2)oj L 206, , p. 7., potable groundwater and hydrocarbons); activities around the storage complex and possible interactions with these activities (for example, exploration, production and storage of hydrocarbons, geothermal use of aquifers and use of underground water reserves) 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 2

3 The protected areas (Natura 2000, EEA) 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 3

4 The protected areas (Natura 2000, EEA) A large part of territory of EU states is covered by protected areas, Certainly CO2 injection facilities cannot be located within the protected areas but storage permits would enclose these areas, Precisely, CO2 plume would be located under protected areas and it should be proven no leak may occur (?). Also pipeline routes could cross the protected areas and exploration permits (on CO2 storage sites) could overlap with Natura th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 4

5 The protected areas POSSIBILITIES OF CO2 GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION IN POLAND (AFTER PUBLIC FUNDED PROJECTS) KAUNAS KALININGRAD EC3_Gdynia Gdynia Slupsk_KR(123) ALYTUS GDANSK EC2_Gdansk Gdansk Koszalin Suwalki Tczew Elk Neubrandenburg OLSZTYN HRODNA Kwidzyn Police_EC(I&II) Police Szczecin Szczecin Pomorzany SZCZECIN Swiecie Dolna_Odra Pila Bydgoszcz_ECI Bydgoszcz_ECII Lomza BYDGOSZCZ Ostroleka_A&B Torun-ul.Ceramiczna Torun_C BIALYSTOK Ostroleka TORUN Czarnkow Gorzow_Wlkp Kujawy Piechcin GORZOW_wLKP. Glinojeck Zaklad_ Zaklad_Janikowo Kostrzyn_n/Odra BERLIN Gniezno ECI_Karolin Frankfurt(Oder) POZNAN Legionowo Zeran Patnow Kaweczyn WARSZAWA Wola Warszawa-Ursus Siekierki&Powisle Siedlce_CEG Siedlce BREST Zielona_Gora ZIELONA_GORA Adamow Cottbus Leszno Zgierz EC_Lodz_Z3/Z1 Zukowice Kalisz Glogów EC_Lodz_Z2 EC_Lodz_Z4 Ostrow_Wielkopolski LODZ Pabianice Kozienice Zdunska_Wola Tomaszow_Mazowiecki Lubin_EC-1 ZEC_Lubin Lubin Pulawy Piotrkow_Trybunalski Radpec_ Brzeg_Dolny_ECI&ECII _CC Görlitz DRESDEN Kovel Megatem_Lublin Swidnik Lublin-Wrotkow LUBLIN Chelm_CC Chelm EC_Wroclaw Rejowiec_Fabryczny WROCLAW Starachowice Turow Jelenia_Gora Decín USTI_NAD_LABEM Teplice Victoria Chelm Dzialoszyn EC_Czechnica Swidnica Walbrzych Odra Opole_CC Ozarow KIELCE Sitkowka-Nowiny Trzuskawica Malogoszcz Most Kielce Krasocin Rudniki -ul.rejtana Brzezie_k/Opola Novovolynsk Zamosc OPOLE _Opolski Gorazdze Gorazdze Tarnobrzeg Stalowa_Wola Stalowa_Wola Myszkow Miasteczko_Slaskie Zawiercie Zawiercie skie_gory Zdzieszowice Blachownia Kedzierzyn_Kozle Kladno HRADEC_KRALOVE PRAHA Debiensko Z-1_Debiensko Rybnik Laziska Krakow Krakow Nowa_Huta Krakow EC_Chwalowice Radlin Opava EC_Zofiowka EC_Moszczenica Nowa_Sarzyna Trzebinia_EC Raciborz Rybnik Tychy Tychy Zory Oswiecim PARDUBICE Chervonograd Polaniec Piekary_Slaskie Lagisza EC_Miechowice Bytom Kedzierzyn-Kozle Bytom PrzyjaznDabrowa_Gornicza Huta_Katowice Jadwiga Dabrowa_Gornicza Bedzin Bedzin Chorzow Zabrze Dabrowa_Gornicza Zabrze Gliwice Siemianowice_Sl¹ Gliwice Swietochlowice Chorzow Katowice_EC Sosnowiec skie Ruda_Slaska Szopienice KATOWICE Halemba Myslowice Z-2_Knurow Jaworzno_II Jaworzno_III Jaworzno Siersza Jastrzebie-Zdroj KRAKOW Piaskowka Rzeszow_KW Rzeszow_EC RZESZOW Jaroslaw Skawina LVIV Czechowice_Dziedzice Czechowice-Dziedzice 0 25,000 50,000 75, , , , , ,000 KM Cities and major towns, in thous. inhabitants Czechowice_Dziedzice_EC2 Karvina OSTRAVA Bielsko_Biala_EC1 Bielsko-Biala Havirov Przemysl Frydek-Mistek OLOMOUC 50 to to to to 3500 Nowy_Sacz JIHLAVA Drogobych Stryj BRNO ZLIN ZILINA CESKE_BUDEJOVICE Martin Kalush Poprad PRESOV TRENCIN Prievidza BANSKA_BYSTRICA KOSICE LEGEND Power plants, Protected areas (NATURA 2000, after EEA) CHP and thermal plants, Structures in Mezozoic saline aquifers (potential storage sites) Atlas, to Manufacturing industry, Refineries and coking pl., 1000 to 6000 Potential storage sites in saline aquifers of Be³chatów area of Skoczów-Czechowice area (closest to Kêdzierzyn plant) of Carpathian front area Gas pipelines Gas terminals (compressor, transfer) Oil pipeline "Druzhba" Major underground gas and fuel storages Selected gas and oil fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) Natural CO2 seeps CO2 (moffettes, spas) Exploration licences for shale gas and together shale gas and conventional hydrocarbons As an, example, situation in Poland, Dotted yellowish areas denote Natura Multicolored areas/polygons storage sites (~storage permit areas), Some storage sites include protected areas but location of injection facilities is not a problem. CBM fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) in Lublin area (Carboniferous) 6th CO2GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 5

6 Potable groundwater resources Though it can be proved CO2 migration into shallow groundwater reservoirs is not possible, CO2 storage would (indirectly) definitely affect deep groundwater resources. 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 6

7 Police_EC(I&II) Szczecin Pomorzany Szczecin Dolna_Odra Kostrzyn_n/Odra Turow Gorzow_Wlkp Zielona_Gora Zukowice Lubin_EC-1 ZEC_Lubin _CC Victoria Czarnkow Brzeg_Dolny_ECI&ECII ECI_Karolin EC_Wroclaw Slupsk_KR(123) EC_Czechnica Brzezie_k/Opola Opole_CC Odra Bydgoszcz_ECI Bydgoszcz_ECII Piechcin Kujawy Zaklad_Janikowo Zaklad_ Patnow EC3_Gdynia Swiecie Torun-ul.Ceramiczna Torun_C Adamow EC2_Gdansk Gdansk Kwidzyn Zdunska_Wola Dzialoszyn Rudniki -ul.rejtana EC_Lodz_Z3/Z1 EC_Lodz_Z2 EC_Lodz_Z4 _Opolski Gorazdze Gorazdze Myszkow Miasteczko_Slaskie Zawiercie Zdzieszowice Blachownia EC_Miechowice Bytom Lagisza Kedzierzyn_Kozle Jadwiga Dabrowa_Gornicza Huta_KatowicePrzyjazn Zabrze Chorzow Dabrowa_Gornicza Bedzin Gliwice Katowice_EC Szopienice Halemba Z-2_Knurow Jaworzno_III Jaworzno_II Siersza Z-1_Debiensko Trzebinia_EC Rybnik Laziska Tychy EC_Chwalowice Radlin Oswiecim EC_Zofiowka EC_Moszczenica Czechowice_Dziedzice Czechowice-Dziedzice Czechowice_Dziedzice_EC2 Bielsko_Biala_EC1 Krakow Nowa_Huta Krakow Skawina Glinojeck Krasocin Kielce Malogoszcz Sitkowka-Nowiny Trzuskawica Zeran Kaweczyn Wola Warszawa-Ursus Siekierki&Powisle Radpec_ Piaskowka Polaniec Ostroleka_A&B Kozienice Ozarow Pulawy Stalowa_Wola Rzeszow_KW Rzeszow_EC Siedlce_CEG Nowa_Sarzyna Megatem_Lublin Lublin-WrotkowSwidnik Jaroslaw Chelm_CC Chelm Rejowiec_Fabryczny Neubrandenburg BERLIN Most DRESDEN Decín Teplice USTI_NAD_LABEM Kladno Cottbus PRAHA Frankfurt(Oder) 0 25,000 50,000 75, , , , , ,000 Cities and major towns, KM in thous. inhabitants OLOMOUC 50 to 99 JIHLAVA 100 to to to 3500 BRNO ZLIN LEGEND Protected areas (NATURA 2000, after EEA) CESKE_BUDEJOVICE SZCZECIN Görlitz GORZOW_wLKP. Power plants, to Refineries and coking pl., 1000 to 6000 ZIELONA_GORA Jelenia_Gora Swidnica Walbrzych HRADEC_KRALOVE PARDUBICE Glogów Lubin Koszalin Leszno Pila Hydrocarbon production POSSIBILITIES OF CO2 GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION IN POLAND (AFTER PUBLIC FUNDED PROJECTS) CHP and thermal plants, Manufacturing industry, POZNAN WROCLAW Gniezno OPOLE Opava TRENCIN Gdynia Zawiercie skie_gory Kedzierzyn-Kozle Bytom Piekary_Slaskie Gliwice Zabrze Dabrowa_Gornicza Ruda_Slaska Chorzow Siemianowice_Sl¹ Bedzin Swietochlowice Sosnowiec skie KATOWICE Myslowice Jaworzno RaciborzRybnik Tychy Zory KRAKOW Jastrzebie-Zdroj OSTRAVA Karvina Havirov Bielsko-Biala Frydek-Mistek ZILINA Prievidza GDANSK BYDGOSZCZ TORUN Kalisz Ostrow_Wielkopolski Tczew Martin Zgierz LODZ Pabianice Piotrkow_Trybunalski BANSKA_BYSTRICA Structures in Mezozoic saline aquifers (potential storage sites) Atlas, 2008 Potential storage sites in saline aquifers of Be³chatów area of Skoczów-Czechowice area (closest to Kêdzierzyn plant) of Carpathian front area in Lublin area (Carboniferous) Poprad KALININGRAD OLSZTYN Tomaszow_Mazowiecki KIELCE Legionowo WARSZAWA Nowy_Sacz Starachowice PRESOV KOSICE Ostroleka Gas pipelines Gas terminals (compressor, transfer) Oil pipeline "Druzhba" Major underground gas and fuel storages Selected gas and oil fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) CBM fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) Lomza Elk Siedlce Tarnobrzeg Stalowa_Wola RZESZOW LUBLIN Suwalki Przemysl BIALYSTOK KAUNAS BREST Zamosc Chelm ALYTUS HRODNA Drogobych Stryj Natural CO2 seeps CO2 (moffettes, spas) Exploration licences for shale gas and together shale gas and conventional hydrocarbons Novovolynsk LVIV Chervonograd Kalush Kovel As an, example, situation in Poland, Brown areas denote hydrocarbon fields, Depleted/depleting hydrocarbon fields are good CO2 storage sites (or HC storage sites) age sites, Storage in saline aquifer structures would rather do not disturb HC production. 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 7

8 Police_EC(I&II) Szczecin Pomorzany Szczecin Dolna_Odra Kostrzyn_n/Odra Turow Gorzow_Wlkp Zielona_Gora Zukowice Lubin_EC-1 ZEC_Lubin _CC Victoria Czarnkow Brzeg_Dolny_ECI&ECII ECI_Karolin EC_Wroclaw Slupsk_KR(123) EC_Czechnica Brzezie_k/Opola Opole_CC Odra Bydgoszcz_ECI Bydgoszcz_ECII Piechcin Kujawy Zaklad_Janikowo Zaklad_ Patnow EC3_Gdynia Swiecie Torun-ul.Ceramiczna Torun_C Adamow EC2_Gdansk Gdansk Kwidzyn Zdunska_Wola Dzialoszyn Rudniki -ul.rejtana EC_Lodz_Z3/Z1 EC_Lodz_Z2 EC_Lodz_Z4 _Opolski Gorazdze Gorazdze Myszkow Miasteczko_Slaskie Zawiercie Zdzieszowice Blachownia EC_Miechowice Bytom Lagisza Kedzierzyn_Kozle Jadwiga Dabrowa_Gornicza Huta_KatowicePrzyjazn Zabrze Chorzow Dabrowa_Gornicza Bedzin Gliwice Katowice_EC Szopienice Halemba Z-2_Knurow Jaworzno_III Jaworzno_II Siersza Z-1_Debiensko Trzebinia_EC Rybnik Laziska Tychy EC_Chwalowice Radlin Oswiecim EC_Zofiowka EC_Moszczenica Czechowice_Dziedzice Czechowice-Dziedzice Czechowice_Dziedzice_EC2 Bielsko_Biala_EC1 Krakow Nowa_Huta Krakow Skawina Glinojeck Krasocin Kielce Malogoszcz Sitkowka-Nowiny Trzuskawica Zeran Kaweczyn Wola Warszawa-Ursus Siekierki&Powisle Radpec_ Piaskowka Polaniec Ostroleka_A&B Kozienice Ozarow Pulawy Stalowa_Wola Rzeszow_KW Rzeszow_EC Siedlce_CEG Nowa_Sarzyna Megatem_Lublin Lublin-WrotkowSwidnik Jaroslaw Chelm_CC Chelm Rejowiec_Fabryczny Neubrandenburg BERLIN Most DRESDEN Decín Teplice USTI_NAD_LABEM Kladno Cottbus PRAHA Frankfurt(Oder) Production of mineral resources 0 25,000 50,000 75, , , , , ,000 Cities and major towns, KM in thous. inhabitants OLOMOUC 50 to 99 JIHLAVA 100 to to to 3500 BRNO ZLIN LEGEND Protected areas (NATURA 2000, after EEA) CESKE_BUDEJOVICE SZCZECIN Görlitz GORZOW_wLKP. Power plants, to Refineries and coking pl., 1000 to 6000 POSSIBILITIES OF CO2 GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION IN POLAND (AFTER PUBLIC FUNDED PROJECTS) ZIELONA_GORA Jelenia_Gora Swidnica Walbrzych HRADEC_KRALOVE PARDUBICE Glogów Lubin Koszalin Leszno Pila CHP and thermal plants, Manufacturing industry, POZNAN WROCLAW Gniezno OPOLE Opava TRENCIN Gdynia Zawiercie skie_gory Kedzierzyn-Kozle Bytom Piekary_Slaskie Gliwice Zabrze Dabrowa_Gornicza Ruda_Slaska Chorzow Siemianowice_Sl¹ Bedzin Swietochlowice Sosnowiec skie KATOWICE Myslowice Jaworzno RaciborzRybnik Tychy Zory KRAKOW Jastrzebie-Zdroj OSTRAVA Karvina Havirov Bielsko-Biala Frydek-Mistek ZILINA Prievidza GDANSK BYDGOSZCZ TORUN Kalisz Ostrow_Wielkopolski Tczew Martin Zgierz LODZ Pabianice Piotrkow_Trybunalski BANSKA_BYSTRICA Structures in Mezozoic saline aquifers (potential storage sites) Atlas, 2008 Potential storage sites in saline aquifers of Be³chatów area of Skoczów-Czechowice area (closest to Kêdzierzyn plant) of Carpathian front area in Lublin area (Carboniferous) Poprad KALININGRAD OLSZTYN Tomaszow_Mazowiecki KIELCE Legionowo WARSZAWA Nowy_Sacz Starachowice PRESOV KOSICE Ostroleka Gas pipelines Gas terminals (compressor, transfer) Oil pipeline "Druzhba" Major underground gas and fuel storages Selected gas and oil fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) CBM fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) Lomza Elk Siedlce Tarnobrzeg Stalowa_Wola RZESZOW LUBLIN Suwalki Przemysl BIALYSTOK KAUNAS BREST Zamosc Chelm ALYTUS HRODNA Drogobych Stryj Natural CO2 seeps CO2 (moffettes, spas) Exploration licences for shale gas and together shale gas and conventional hydrocarbons Novovolynsk LVIV Chervonograd Kalush Kovel Pink areas denote various exploitation permits, Coal, ore mining areas - CO2 storage might not be recommended in the same place, Shallow use of the subsurface (peat, gravel, etc.) is not a problem for CO2 storage, Hydrocarbons see previous slide. 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 8

9 Police_EC(I&II) Szczecin Pomorzany Szczecin Dolna_Odra Kostrzyn_n/Odra Turow Gorzow_Wlkp Zielona_Gora Zukowice Lubin_EC-1 ZEC_Lubin _CC Victoria Czarnkow Brzeg_Dolny_ECI&ECII ECI_Karolin EC_Wroclaw Slupsk_KR(123) EC_Czechnica Brzezie_k/Opola Opole_CC Odra Bydgoszcz_ECI Bydgoszcz_ECII Piechcin Kujawy Zaklad_Janikowo Zaklad_ Patnow EC3_Gdynia Swiecie Torun-ul.Ceramiczna Torun_C Adamow EC2_Gdansk Gdansk Kwidzyn Zdunska_Wola Dzialoszyn Rudniki -ul.rejtana EC_Lodz_Z3/Z1 EC_Lodz_Z2 EC_Lodz_Z4 _Opolski Gorazdze Gorazdze Myszkow Miasteczko_Slaskie Zawiercie Zdzieszowice Blachownia EC_Miechowice Bytom Lagisza Kedzierzyn_Kozle Jadwiga Dabrowa_Gornicza Huta_KatowicePrzyjazn Zabrze Chorzow Dabrowa_Gornicza Bedzin Gliwice Katowice_EC Szopienice Halemba Z-2_Knurow Jaworzno_III Jaworzno_II Siersza Z-1_Debiensko Trzebinia_EC Rybnik Laziska Tychy EC_Chwalowice Radlin Oswiecim EC_Zofiowka EC_Moszczenica Czechowice_Dziedzice Czechowice-Dziedzice Czechowice_Dziedzice_EC2 Bielsko_Biala_EC1 Krakow Nowa_Huta Krakow Skawina Glinojeck Krasocin Kielce Malogoszcz Sitkowka-Nowiny Trzuskawica Zeran Kaweczyn Wola Warszawa-Ursus Siekierki&Powisle Radpec_ Piaskowka Polaniec Ostroleka_A&B Kozienice Ozarow Pulawy Stalowa_Wola Rzeszow_KW Rzeszow_EC Siedlce_CEG Nowa_Sarzyna Megatem_Lublin Lublin-WrotkowSwidnik Jaroslaw Chelm_CC Chelm Rejowiec_Fabryczny Neubrandenburg BERLIN Most DRESDEN Decín Teplice USTI_NAD_LABEM Kladno Cottbus PRAHA Exploration permits (hydrocarbons) Frankfurt(Oder) 0 25,000 50,000 75, , , , , ,000 Cities and major towns, KM in thous. inhabitants OLOMOUC 50 to 99 JIHLAVA 100 to to to 3500 BRNO ZLIN LEGEND Protected areas (NATURA 2000, after EEA) CESKE_BUDEJOVICE SZCZECIN Görlitz GORZOW_wLKP. Power plants, to Refineries and coking pl., 1000 to 6000 POSSIBILITIES OF CO2 GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION IN POLAND (AFTER PUBLIC FUNDED PROJECTS) ZIELONA_GORA Jelenia_Gora Swidnica Walbrzych HRADEC_KRALOVE PARDUBICE Glogów Lubin Koszalin Leszno Pila CHP and thermal plants, Manufacturing industry, POZNAN WROCLAW Gniezno OPOLE Opava TRENCIN Gdynia Zawiercie skie_gory Kedzierzyn-Kozle Bytom Piekary_Slaskie Gliwice Zabrze Dabrowa_Gornicza Ruda_Slaska Chorzow Siemianowice_Sl¹ Bedzin Swietochlowice Sosnowiec skie KATOWICE Myslowice Jaworzno RaciborzRybnik Tychy Zory KRAKOW Jastrzebie-Zdroj OSTRAVA Karvina Havirov Bielsko-Biala Frydek-Mistek ZILINA Prievidza GDANSK BYDGOSZCZ TORUN Kalisz Ostrow_Wielkopolski Tczew Martin Zgierz LODZ Pabianice Piotrkow_Trybunalski BANSKA_BYSTRICA Structures in Mezozoic saline aquifers (potential storage sites) Atlas, 2008 Potential storage sites in saline aquifers of Be³chatów area of Skoczów-Czechowice area (closest to Kêdzierzyn plant) of Carpathian front area in Lublin area (Carboniferous) Poprad KALININGRAD OLSZTYN Tomaszow_Mazowiecki KIELCE Legionowo WARSZAWA Nowy_Sacz Starachowice PRESOV KOSICE Ostroleka Gas pipelines Gas terminals (compressor, transfer) Oil pipeline "Druzhba" Major underground gas and fuel storages Selected gas and oil fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) CBM fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) Lomza Elk Siedlce Tarnobrzeg Stalowa_Wola RZESZOW LUBLIN Suwalki Przemysl BIALYSTOK KAUNAS BREST Zamosc Chelm ALYTUS HRODNA Drogobych Stryj Natural CO2 seeps CO2 (moffettes, spas) Exploration licences for shale gas and together shale gas and conventional hydrocarbons Novovolynsk LVIV Kovel Chervonograd Kalush Pink areas denote exploration permits on shale gas (of depth range usually bigger than CO2 storage) and other HCs, Grey areas denote exploration permits on other HCs, Future production permits on shale gas could cover far bigger areas than in conventional HCs. 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 9

10 Geothermal applications Onshore aquifers suitable for CO2 storage could be used in low enthalpy geothermal, In case of enhanced geothermal systems usually not the same target formations are used. 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 10

11 CCS and geothermal is this really a conflict? 6th CO2GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 11

12 0 25,000 50,000 75, , , , , ,000 Cities and major towns, KM in thous. inhabitants 50 to to to to 3500 LEGEND Protected areas (NATURA 2000, after EEA) Power plants, to Refineries and coking pl., 1000 to 6000 CCS and geothermal POSSIBILITIES OF CO2 GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION IN POLAND (AFTER PUBLIC FUNDED PROJECTS) CHP and thermal plants, Manufacturing industry, Structures in Mezozoic saline aquifers (potential storage sites) Atlas, 2008 Potential storage sites in saline aquifers of Be³chatów area of Skoczów-Czechowice area (closest to Kêdzierzyn plant) of Carpathian front area in Lublin area (Carboniferous) Gas pipelines Gas terminals (compressor, transfer) Oil pipeline "Druzhba" Major underground gas and fuel storages Selected gas and oil fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) CBM fields (potential storage sites; Atlas, 2008) Natural CO2 seeps CO2 (moffettes, spas) Exploration licences for shale gas and together shale gas and conventional hydrocarbons Red symbols denote the present and possibly future use of geothermal resources overlapping with the depth range of CO2 storage, Good onshore aquifers could be used for both goals but the areas of geothrmal permits are not very big, However the impact of both uses is farther than permit areas. 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 12

13 SUMMARY Environment protection areas (Natura 2000) no injection facilities, exploration and transport activities might overlap with the protected areas, Groundwater resources not to be affected with an exception of the deep potable aquifers. Hydocarbon production might rather benefit than suffer from CO2 storage activities, Hydrocarbon storage and CO2 storage could be in a conflict, Exploration for hydrocarbons is a matter of priorities and it should be two cases distinguished: shale gas (likely large future production licenses), other hydrocarbons (smaller production areas), Other mineral resources matter provided they apper within the depth range of storage complex, The use of low enthalpy geothermal resources and CO2 storage could be in a conflict. 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 13

14 Thank you for your attention: 6 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, May Venice, San Servolo Island 14