CO2 STORAGE POTENTIAL IN THE POLISH PART OF BALTIC BASIN

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Mikołaj Kaczmarek
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1 CO2 STORAGE POTENTIAL IN THE POLISH PART OF BALTIC BASIN Adam Wójcicki & Jolanta Pacześna, PGI-NRI.. Stockholm,

2 CO2 storage projects Poland and Europe Borzęcin gas field (acidic gas 60% CO2; INiG, POGC) Kaniów coal beds (RECOPOL& MoVeCBM; CMI) Bełchatów demo CCS project (EEPR funding; PGI-NRI involvement) Kędzierzyn demo CCS project suspended (to be relocated?) LOTOS EOR? (ECO2 project) New power blocks CCS ready to be proven Regional studies

(RECOPOL& MoVeCBM; CMI) Bełchatów demo CCS project (EEPR funding; PGI-NRI involvement)

3 The Programme Assessment of formations and structures for safe CO2 geological storage including monitoring plans ; Ordered by Ministry of Environment (=the permiting authority of Directive on geological storage of CO2). Conducted by 6 national institutions (PGI-NRI leader, AGH-UST, CMI, MEERI, O&GI, PBG). Timeframe: ; ~80 persons involved; Goals: Supporting Polish demo projects, Providing the permitting authority with information necessary for implementing CO2 storage, Cooperation with other stakeholders, R&D organizations April 2011

Conducted by 6 national institutions (PGI-NRI leader, AGH-UST, CMI, MEERI, O&GI, PBG). Timeframe: 10.2008-09.

emission in kt 100 to 1000 1000 to 5000 5000 to 10000 10000 to 33000 Rafinerie i koksownie, emisja w kt (KPAU) Conversion plants emission in kt 100 to 1000 1000 to 6000 Görlitz MOŻLIWOŚCI

4 The scope of the programme (geology) Neubrandenburg BERLIN Most DRESDEN Miasta, tys. Cities, thous. 50 to to to to 3500 Cottbus Teplice USTI_NAD_LABEM Kladno Decín PRAHA VII SZCZECIN Frankfurt(Oder) CESKE_BUDEJOVICE Elektrownie zawodowe, emisja w kt (KPAU) Power plants, emission in kt 100 to to to to Rafinerie i koksownie, emisja w kt (KPAU) Conversion plants emission in kt 100 to to 6000 Görlitz MOŻLIWOŚCI GEOLOGICZNEJ SEKWESTRACJI CO2 W POLSCE POSSIBILITIES ON CO2 GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION IN POLAND Stargard_Szczecinski GORZOW_wLKP. ZIELONA_GORA JIHLAVA Jelenia_Gora Victoria Glogów Lubin Legnica HRADEC_KRALOVE PARDUBICE Koszalin BRNO Leszno Swidnica Walbrzych Pila VI POZNAN WROCLAW 0 25,000 50,000 75, , , , , ,000 LEGENDA LEGEND Elektrociepłownie i ciepłownie, emisja w kt (KPAU) CHP and heating plants, emission in kt 100 to to 5000 Przemysł wytwórczy, emisja w kt (KPAU) Manufacturing industries, emission in kt 100 to to to KM Obszary chronione (NATURA 2000, parki narodowe) Protected areas (NATURA 2000, national parks) OLOMOUC VIII Gniezno ZLIN BYDGOSZCZ Kalisz Konin Gdynia GDANSK Gdansk Inowroclaw Ostrow_Wielkopolski Opava TRENCIN TORUN Tczew Grudziadz I Wloclawek Jastrzebie-Zdroj Czechowice-Dziedzice OSTRAVA Karvina Havirov Bielsko-Biala Frydek-Mistek ZILINA Prievidza Martin Elblag Plock Zgierz LODZ Pabianice Plock Piotrkow_Trybunalski Belchatow Czestochowa Czestochowa OPOLE Zawiercie Zdzieszowice Tarnowskie_Gory IIKedzierzyn-Kozle Bytom Jadwiga Bytom Piekary_Slaskie Przyjazn Gliwice Zabrze Dabrowa_Gornicza Ruda_Slaska Chorzow Siemianowice_Sląskie Bedzin Swietochlowice Sosnowiec KATOWICE Myslowice Jaworzno Debiensko Trzebinia_EC RaciborzRybnik Tychy Krakow Radlin Zory KRAKOW Zasięg dolnej kredy (W. Górecki, 1995) Lower Cretaceous extent Zasięg dolnej jury (W. Górecki, 1995) Lower Jurassic extent Zasięg dolnego triasu (pstrego piaskowca) Lower Triassic (Bunter Ss.) extent (R. Dadlez, S. Marek, J. Pokorski, 1998) Planowane lokalizacje geotermalne Planned geothermal localities Instalacje i uzdrowiska geotermalne Geothermal installations and spas Potencjal magazynowania struktur hydrogeologicznych (Cr1, J1, T1), Mt Storage capacity of aquifer structures (Cr1, J1, T1 - R. Tarkowski, 2005), Mt 100 to to 1100 BANSKA_BYSTRICA KALININGRAD OLSZTYN III Tomaszow_Mazowiecki Poprad KIELCE IV Legionowo WARSZAWA Pruszkow Radom Ostroleka V Gazociągi (P. Karnkowski, 1993; Gas pipelines Terminale gazowe (st. kompresorów, przesyłowe) Gas pipelines (compressor & transfer stations) Ropociąg "Przyjaźń" Druzhba oil pipeline Tarnow Nowy_Sacz Starachowice PRESOV Ważniejsze podziemne magazyny gazu i paliw Major underground gas and fuel storages Wybrane zloża gazu i ropy (P. Karnkowski, 1993; Infogeoskarb) Selected gas and oil fields Potencjal magazynowania struktur naftowych (gaz i ropa), Mt Storage capacity of hydrocarbon structures, Mt 0.4 to 5 5 to to to 150 Lomza Elk Ostrowiec_Swietokrzyski Mielec Siedlce TarnobrzegStalowa_Wola RZESZOW LUBLIN Suwalki Przemysl BIALYSTOK Biala_Podlaska Zamosc Chelm KAUNAS BREST ALYTUS HRODNA Drogobych Stryj Novovolynsk LVIV Obszary górnicze (w tym MPW) Mining areas (including CBM - Infogeoskarb) Kovel Chervonograd Kalush GZW (zasięg karbonu produktywnego) Silesian Coal Basin (Carboniferous range) Eksperyment Recopol/MoveCBM (ECBM) ECBM Recopol/MoveCBM experiment Zasoby MPW CBM fields (S. Przeniosło, 2005) 2 to to to 50 Zasięg Zapadliska Przedkarpackiego Carpathian Foredeep extent (P. Karnkowski, 1993) Front nasunięcia Karpat Carpathian front (P. Karnkowski, 1993) Zasięg czerwonego spągowca Rotliegend range (P. Karnkowski, 1993) Naturalne ekshalacje CO2 Natural CO2 seeps It covers entire territory of Poland and the Baltic economic zone, but is focused on*: regional studies for 8 areas with saline aquifers, hydrocarbon fields and coal beds in general, case studies for saline aquifer structures (4), case studies for hydrocarbon fields (2) and coal beds (1). reinterpretation of archive data, laboratory analyzes

5 Site screening/selection criteria (based on CO2STORE guidelines) Seal thickness: minimum 50 m, seal integrity is essential Aquifer depth: from 800 m to m Aquifer net thickness: minimum m (~a single layer) Porosity of the reservoir: minimum 10%, preferably 20% Permeability of the reservoir: minimum md Salinity: minimum 30 g/l, in case of relic, isolated fluids it might be lower Capillary entry pressure is the caprock good enough, impermeable (if K< md it is likely safe)? Information necessary to evaluate the structure against criteria mentioned above

reservoir: minimum 50-100 md Salinity: minimum 30 g/l, in case of relic, isolated fluids it might be lower Capillary entry pressure is the caprock

6 The regional studies The following geological formations are perspective for the regional study areas of saline aquifers: I (central) Jurassic (J1, J2 sandstones); II (S) Lower Miocene; III (central-ne) - Jurassic (J1, J2 sandstones), T, Cr1; IV (SE) Carpathian front foredeep (Cr, J, T to Cm); V (E) Carboniferous (C3 sandstones), J, Cm; VI (W) Permian (P1), T, J; VII (NW) Jurassic (J1 sandstones), T3, T1 a small part offshore; VIII (N, incl. offshore area E part of Polish Baltic economic zone) Cm2, T.

Carpathian front foredeep (Cr, J, T to Cm); V (E) Carboniferous (C3 sandstones), J, Cm; VI (W) Permian (P1), T, J; VII (NW)

7 The progress of the programme Case studies in saline, aquifers, hydrocarbon fields and coal beds. J&T Cm2 Regional studies being completed; Case studies (4 structures in saline aquifers, one oil, one gas field, one CBM area; one saline aquifer structure being completed). Estimated realistic/effective storage capacity for Poland is about 10 Gt (saline aquifers 89%, hydrocarbon fields 10%, coal beds 1%); over 90% onshore

field, one CBM area; one saline aquifer structure being completed).

8 The Baltic basin data available The distribution of wells onshore and offshore is uneven, depending on exploration programmes of POGC (onshore) and Petrobaltic (offshore). Same refers to seismic Petrobaltic lines are mainly of 1980 and 90s (Anolik et al., 2008), POGC onshore of various vintages.

9 The Baltic basin - hydrocarbons There are a couple of hydrocarbon fields in Polish part of the Baltic Basin considered as CO2 storage sites. These are B3 and B8 in NE offshore area and Kamień Pomorski in west. Storage capacities of these fields are of 2-7 Mt. Other fields are smaller and/or not developed yet.

These are B3 and B8 in NE offshore area and Kamień Pomorski in west.

10 The (available) offshore area Map of the top of Cambrian/floor of Ordovician. The Cambrian aquifer is secondary to Jurassic onshore, but not so bad within 1,3-2 km depth range (in oil fields in eastern part porosity is up to 10% and permeability md) but with compartments. Realistic storage capacity Gt (sweep efficiency 1-2%).

depth range (in oil fields in eastern part porosity is up to 10% and permeability

11 Lithology of the Middle Cambrian aquifer Map of facies and paleothickness of the Cambrian aquifer. Yellow and olive denote prevalence of sandstones, in brown areas shales and mudstones prevail. Onshore and NW offshore part of the area VIII are ruled out.

Yellow and olive denote prevalence of sandstones, in brown

12 Thickness of the Middle Cambrian aquifer Map of present thickness of the Cambrian aquifer.

13 Effective porosity of the Middle Cambrian aquifer Map of effective porosity of the Cambrian aquifer.

14 Recommendations for area VIII There is a great interest in exploration for unconventional hydrocarbons in Poland (even offshore). However, recent reports of PGI and USGS rather point out no real conflict with CO2 storage. The red polygon denotes perspective area of Cambrian aquifer offshore.

However, recent reports of PGI and USGS rather point out no real

15 Conclusions Studies of the National Programme and other projects can provide the following conclusions on Polish part of Baltic basin: In area VII (NW Poland) structures in Jurassic and Triassic aquifers make up to 3.4 Gt capacity (1.7 Gt is more realistic taking into account possible conflicts of interest). Offshore part of VII is small and excluded because of NATURA2000. In area VIII Cambrian aquifer is perspective, both offshore and onshore. Offshore area has relatively poor reservoir properties (though there are hydrocarbon fields) and capacity Gt, onshore part south of Russian border has far better properties, so its capacity is up to 1 Gt. Offshore data (wells, seismic) are of Petrobaltic but those older than 1989/90 are state owned (recent regulations impose very high fees for private projects, less for public funded projects and negligible in case the project is within tasks of the geological survey but approval granted for the National Programme is not valid for BASTOR).

In area VIII Cambrian aquifer is perspective, both offshore and onshore. Offshore area has relatively poor reservoir properties (though there are hydrocarbon fields) and capacity 0.4-0.

16 Thank you for your attention:

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