RIO+20 POLICY BRIEF #7

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1 1 RIO+20 POLICY BRIEF #7 A green economy for a planet under pressure Moving away from the utopian ideal PHOTO: CREATIVE COMMONS / PATRICK CIEBILSKI Humanity is at a crossroads. Social, economic and environmental crises that have played out in recent years offer a unique opportunity for a step change in the way humanity does business. Although the concept of the green economy was introduced to address today s challenges, its continued dependence on traditional and questionable trickle-down economic growth theory has rendered it inadequate. A fast-growing population, rapidly diminishing resources and planetary boundaries are forcing humanity to find innovative ways to use resources more efficiently, to work within the limits of the Earth s natural capital, and to make fundamental changes to our economic systems. This policy brief sets out the guidelines for the social and technological transformations needed for a new economic system, as well as the new ways in which we will need to measure and monitor this system. Rio+20 Policy Briefs One of nine policy briefs produced by the scientific community to inform the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). These briefs were commissioned by the international conference Planet Under Pressure: New Knowledge Towards Solutions (

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4 4 MEETING THE CHALLENGE Newzeconomicszandz governancezforzthezglobalz commons Thereziszazneedztozcarefullyz considerzthezlong-term,z aggregatezimpactzofzhumanz activitieszonzthosezearthzsystemz processesz zsuchzaszclimatez regulation,zwaterzregulationzandz nutrientzrecycling,zamongzothersz zthatz constitutezourzenvironmentalzlifesupportzsystems.zscienceztellszuszthatz Earthzsystemzprocesseszarezdominatedz byznon-linearzfeedbackszandzcomplexz interactionszbetweenzthezlivingz biospherez(specieszandzecosystems),z physicalzprocesseszandzhumans.zaz recentzarticlezinznaturezhighlightszaz numberzofzplanetaryzboundarieszthatz wezarezinzdangerzofzcrossing. 1 zprotectionz ofzplanetaryzlife-supportzsystemszisz clearlyzaznewzcategoryzofzscientificallyz definedzcommonszthatzdemandsz newzeconomicszandznewzkindszofz governance.z Technologyziszsociallyzandz ecologicallyzembedded Tozattemptztozseparateztechnologyzfromz itszsocialzandzecologicalzfoundationszisz foolhardy.zwhereasztheztechnological ecologicalzrelationshipziszunderstoodz andzaccepted,zonlyzrecentlyzisztherez azrealization,zhoweverzslight,zofzthez technological societalzrelationship.z Technologyziszlargelyzresponsiblez forzsuchzlarge-scalezchangeszaszthez increasedzandzrapidzurbanizationz ofzsociety,zandzhigherzpopulationz becausezofzlesszdiseasezandzlowerzinfantz mortality.z Anzobviouszexamplezofzsuchz technologicalzinfluenceszonzsocialz 1z RockströmzJ.zetzal.z(1999)zAzsafezoperatingz spacezforzhumanity.znaturez461,z z (24zSeptemberz2009)z zdoi: /461472a;z Publishedzonlinez23zSeptemberz2009. transformationziszthezindustrialz revolution,zwhichzwaszitselfzaszmuchzaz socialztransformationzaszaztechnologicalz process.zhowever,zthezindustrialz revolutionzemergedzpredominantlyz fromzthezwestzandzthezsocialzstructuresz inzthesezcountrieszevolvedzconcurrentlyz asznewztechnologieszwerezintroducedz andzadopted.zthiszco-evolutionzofz technologicalzprogresszandzsocialz transformationzofferszanzimportantz lesson.zmorezrecentzattemptsztoztransferz technologyztozdevelopingzcountriesz failedztozbringzwithzthemzthezcrucialz socialzdevelopments.zthezsmallzminorityz inzthesezdevelopingzcountrieszwhozwerez trainedzandzeducatedzinzindustrializedz countrieszprospered,zbutzthezmassesz werezleftzbehind.zthiszdichotomyz betweenzthezpacezofztechnologicalzandz socialzchangezhaszbeenzonezofzthezkeyz factorszbehindzsocialzdisruptionszinz recentzdecades. Efficiencyzgainszcanzbackfire The problem with efficiency gains is that we inevitably reinvest them in additional consumption. Owen (2010) Initialzreductionszinzpollutionzandz resourcezusezarezoftenzlostzwhenz reducedzpriceszcausedzbyztechnologicalz innovationszleadztozanzincreasezinz overallzdemandzforzgoodszandzservices,z whichzinzturnzresultszinzanzoverallz increasezinzresourcezusezandzpollution.z Similarly,zefficiencyzincreaseszaccruingz fromztechnologicalzinnovationszcanz becomezperversezincentivesztozconsumez morezcompoundingzthis,zincreasedz energyzefficiencyzandzreducedzenergyz priceszcanzcutzthezpricezofzotherzgoodsz andzservices,zwhichzresultszinzcomplexz economy-widezadjustmentszinzenergyz use. Behaviouralzchangezandz demandsz social structures can and do shift people s values and behaviours Jackson (2011) Technology-drivenzchangesztozenergyz supplyzareznotzsufficientztozbringzaboutz azgreenzeconomy.zparallelztoztechnologicalzinnovations,zthereziszalsozazneedz tozinfluencezthezdemandzforzgoodsz andzservices.zthiszmeansztargetingz consumerzbehaviourzspecifically,zandz understandingzhumanzbehaviourzinz general.zinzreassessingzconsumerismz atzthezindividualzandzsocietalzlevels,z wezwillzneedztozaddresszthezsocialz structurezofzthezparticularzconsumerz society,zaszitziszthiszstructurezthatzshapesz people szvalueszandzbehaviours.zforz example,zsocialzstructureszthatzrewardz self-enhancementzandznoveltyzmustzbez favouredzoverzstructureszthatzrewardz self-transcendingzandzselfishzbehaviours.zappropriatezsocialzoutreachzandz disseminationzprogrammeszwouldzfosterzsustainablezbehaviourzwhilezsimultaneouslyzestablishingznewzstructuresz thatzallowzpeopleztozflourishzandzwhichz takezaccountzofzthezsociety szwell-being.z Inequalityzandzthezraceztozthez bottom the biggest challenge for development is to find more ways in which those with more wealth and power will not just accept having less, but will welcome it as a means to well-being, to a better quality of life. Chambers (1997)

5 RIO+20 POLICY BRIEF #7: A green economy for a planet under pressure 5 Muchzeffortzandzmanyzgainszhavezbeenz madezinzreducingzabsolutezpoverty,z especiallyzinzdevelopingzcountries.z Althoughzthiszmustzcontinuezwithz renewedzeffort,zequalzemphasiszmustzbez placedzonzreducingzinequalitieszwithinz andzacrossznations.zreducingzinequalityz isznotzsimplyzazmoralzimperative;zitz alsoziszmajorzfactorzinzsolvingzmanyzofz thezproblemszofzthezworld.zhighzlevelsz ofzinequalityzpromotezconflictzwithinz andzbetweenzethniczgroups,zclassesz andzsocietieszandzdrivezunmanageablez internationalzimmigration.z Finally,zinequalityzmotivatesz unsustainablezbehaviour.zlargezgapsz betweenzgroupszofzcommunitieszwithinz azsocietyzerodeztrustzandzmotivatez non-cooperativezbehaviourzaszgroupsz striveztozgainzthezhighestzeconomicz pay-offs.zthiszzero-sumzgamezpreventsz > <=0.25 No Data Figure 1.zIncomezratio*z2000. *Thezthezratiozofzazcountry szgdpzperzcapitaztozthezworldzaveragezgdpzperzcapita.z Source:zAdaptedzfromzWorldzBankzDatazSource,zWorldzDevelopmentzIndicatorsz2002zCD-ROM. individualszfromzconsideringzthezwellbeingzofzsocietyzandzthezenvironment.z Inzshort,zinequalityzmustzbezaddressedz beforezhumankindzcanznegotiatezandz implementzthezchangeszneededzforzaz transformationztozsustainability. MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARDS A GREEN ECONOMY MEANS MEASURING WELL-BEING We can t manage what we can t measure. old management adage Ifzazgreenzeconomyzisztozdeliverzonz itszobjectives,zwezwillzneedznewz measureszofzprogress.zdesigningz azgreenzeconomyzwhilezstillzusingz GDPzperzcapitaztozmeasurezprogressz willzdoomzusztozfailure.zfirst,zwezneedz azmeasurezthatzreflectszwell-beingzofz thezpresentzgenerationzaszwellzaszthatz ofzfuturezgenerations.zsecond,zthez measurezmustznotzonlyzreflectzeconomicz factorszbutzalsozincludezsocialzandz environmentalzcomponents,zaszwellz asztheirzinterdependencies.zthird,zthisz measurezshouldzprovidezinformationz forzpolicymakerszinvolvedzinzdesigningz investmentzmechanismszandzincentives. Atzthezmacroeconomiczlevel,zthezmovez fromzmeasuringzgdpzperzcapitaztoz inclusivezwealthz zwhichzmeasuresz thezproductivezbasezofzazcountryzwhilez keepingztrackzofzchangeszinznatural,z social,zhumanzandzproducedzcapitalsz zofferszaznewzmeasureztozevaluatez progress,zaszillustratedzinzfigurez2. Atzthezindividualzlevel,zmeasureszonzthez availabilityzandzaccessztozsixzso-calledz keyzinstrumentalzfreedoms zneedztoz bezincorporatedzintozazgreenzeconomyz (Figurez2).zThesezfreedomszarezcrucialzifz societieszareztozpullzthemselveszoutzofz povertyzandzclosezthezinequalityzgap.z Equallyzimportant,ztheyzalsozserveztoz fosterzthezgreenzeconomy.zforzexample,z economiczfacilitieszallowzindividualsztoz accesszloansztozstartzsmallzbusinessesz aszwellzasztozgainzaccessztozmarketsz thatzotherwisezwouldzbezclosedztoz them.zsimilarly,zeducationz(azsocialz opportunity)zincreaseszthezhumanz capitalzofzazcountry,zmeaningzthatz thezdevelopmentzandzadaptationzofz technologyzwillzbezmorezsociallyzdrivenz andzsustainable.zmoreover,zsafetyznetsz z inzthezformzofzunemploymentzbenefitsz orzworkzprogrammeszthatzbuildznaturalz capitalz zyieldzazdoublezdividendzthatz provideszemploymentzandzincreasesz naturalzcapital. Figurez3zpresentszanzoverviewzofzthez changeszinzperzcapitazwealth,zincludingzitszthreezmainzcomponents:zhuman,z manufacturedzandznaturalzcapital.zgdpz iszadditionallyzdisplayedzaszconventionalzmeasurezofzprogress.zchangesz

6 6 Economy Produced capital Human capital Social capital Natural capital Ecosystems and ecosystem services Humans Instrumental Freedoms Political freedoms Economic facilities Social opportunities Transparency guarantees Protective security Ecological surety Human Well-Being PHYSICAL WELL-BEING Material living standards Health Physical security Stable ecosystems Societal scale Individual scale Percentage Produced capital Human capital Percentage change in per capita wealth for Brazil Basezyearz= Natural capital Inclusive Wealth Index * GDP * Inclusive Wealth Index is additionally adjusted for two additional components when plotted: carbon damages and oil capital gains. Percentage change in per capita wealth for India Basezyearz=1990 Environment EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING Political voice and agency Percentage Social relationships Education 0 Health Economic security Produced capital Human capital Natural capital GDP Inclusive Wealth Index * * Inclusive Wealth Index is additionally adjusted for two additional components when plotted: carbon damages and oil capital gains. Figure 2.zCapitalzfreedomszandzwell-being. Source:zIHDP,zupdatedz5zMarchz2012. Figure 3.zPercentagezchangezinzperzcapitazwealthzforzBrazilzandzIndia. Source:zIHDP,zupdatedz5zMarchz2012. arezpresentedzhavingzazfixedzbasezyearz (1990).zAlthoughzGDPzperzcapitazgrewz byz34%zandz120%zbetweenz1990zandz 2008zinzBrazilzandzIndia,zrespectively,zthez InclusivezWealthzIndexzincreasedzbyzaz merez3%zandz9%,zrespectively.zfurthermore,znaturalzcapitalz(i.e.zecologicalz assets)zdeclinedzbyz46%zinzbrazilzandz 31%zinzIndia.zTheseznegativeztrendszwerez howeverzoffsetzbyzincreaseszinzproducedz andzhumanzcapitalzinzbothzcountries.z Nevertheless,zthisztrendzofferszazwarningz tozpolicymakerszonzthezextentztozwhichz naturalzcapitalzcanzdeclinezbeforezwez transgresszenvironmentalzandzecologicalz thresholdszfromzwhichztherezisznozreturn. Itziszimportantztoznotezthatzthesezarez preliminaryzfigureszofzthezinclusivez WealthzReportz(IHDP,zforthcoming),z andzreflectzonlyzsomezaspectszofzeachz capitalzform.zforzexample,zchangesz inznaturalzcapitalzassetszarezbasicallyz measuredzbyzthezfollowingzfourz categories:z(1)zagriculturalzandzpasturez land;z(2)zforest;z(3) zfossilzfuelszand;z (4)zminerals.zThereforezitzmightznotz necessarilyzcapturezthezfullzpicturezofz thezenvironmentalzchanges.zindeed,zonez ofzthezmainzpurposeszofzthezfigurezisztoz suggestzthatzwezmayznotzbezprogressingz aszfastzaszotherzindicatorszstate,zforz examplezgdp,zbutzanother,zmorez important,zpurposezisztozshowzwherez investmentzshouldzbezdirectedzsozaszz tozmaintainzthezproductivezbasezz ofzanzeconomy. WHY IS A GREEN ECONOMY IMPORTANT? Thezsimplestzanswerztozthisz questionziszthatzthezwell-beingz ofzaznationziszirrelevantzifz Earth szlife-supportzsystemszarez degradedztozthezpointzwherez humanzexistenceziszthreatened.zazmorez complexzanswerzwouldzhavezaszitsz firstzpremisezthezrelationshipzzbetweenz sustainabilityzandzeconomics.ztwoz keyzpointszflowzfromzthiszzrelationship.z First,zsustainabilityzaimsztozcultivatez anzenvironmentzinzwhichzthezwellbeingzofzindividualsziszbalancedzwithz thezecologicalzlimitszofzazfinitezplanet.z Second,zeconomiczsuccesszbringszsocialz stability. Thus,zpushingzagainstzthez planet szenvironmentalzlimitszwouldz seezuszfallzshortzofzsustainability,zwhilez economiczfailurezthatzpreventszwellbeingzwouldzhavezthezsamezresult.z Aszwezlivezinzazworldzwithzfinitezresources,z itzisznozsimplezmatterztozeconomicallyz developz zi.e.zgrowz zthezpoorerznationsz sozasztozrealizeztheirzwell-being,zwhilezatz thezsameztimezmaintainingzthez(oftenz accelerating)zeconomiczgrowthzofzricherz nations.zthezgreenzeconomy,zalongzwithz itszstepsztowardszsustainability,zcouldz providezthezanswersztozthiszdilemma.

7 RIO+20 POLICY BRIEF #7: A green economy for a planet under pressure 7 PHOTO: CREATIVE COMMONS/THINKGEOENERGY Green Energy: Steam from this geothermal field is used for district heating in the area and for the Kísiliðjan Diatomite Plant, Iceland. ACHIEVING THE GREEN ECONOMY Azglobalzsocialzcontract Thezglobalznaturezofzmanyzofzourz environmentalzproblemszcoupledz withzourzcloselyzinterlinkedz globalzeconomiczandzsocialz systemszmeanzthatzsolutionsz requirezcooperationzamongznationz states.zthiszsuggestszazglobalzsocialz contractzwillzneedztozbezdrawnzup,zandz mustzbezunderpinnedzbyzthezideazthatz thezplanetziszazfinitezsystemzwithinzwhichz allzcitizenszneedztozco-habit.zwithzazrisingz population,zdwindlingznaturalzresourcesz andzgrowingzsocialzunrest,zanyzfailurez ofzcountriesztozlookzbeyondztheirzownz interestszwillzbezeconomicallyzinefficientz andzsociallyzdisruptivezinzthezlongzrun.z Coveringzfivezkeyzareas,zthezglobalz contractzwouldztozthezfollowing:z 1.z Findzcommonzagreementzonzanz agreedzsetzofzplanetaryzboundariesz thatzthezglobalzsocietyzshouldznotz cross.zcountrieszmustzshiftzawayz fromzseeingzthiszaszazzero-sumz game,zandzconsiderzitzazcooperativez endeavourzthroughzwhichzallzcitizensz ofzthezplanetzbenefit.zwezneedztoz setzboundarieszfor,zamongzothers,z climatezchangezandzourzusezofzwater,z biodiversityzandznitrogen.z 2.z Establishzazcommonzsetzofzrulesz forzthezglobalzeconomiczsystemz thatzemphasizesznotzshort-termz monetaryzbenefits,zbutzlongtermzsustainablezwell-being.zthisz wouldzmeanzrewritingzthezcurrentz economiczmodelszandzinvestmentz opportunitieszsozasztozencouragez azmovezawayzfromzthezirrationalz ideazofzperpetualzgrowth,zwithz consumptionzandzconsumerismzthez engineszofzthiszgrowth.zthesezwouldz bezreplacedzwithznewzmodelszthatz emphasizezemploymentzandzavoidz thezproductivityztrap,zwhichzfocusesz onzimprovingzproductivityzwhilez ignoringzthezimpactzitzhaszonzbothz employmentzandzthezecologicalz boundarieszwithinzwhichzitzmustz operate.z 3.z Allowzallzcountriesztozgiveztheirz citizenszaccessztozthezsixzkeyz instrumentalzfreedoms.zinsteadz ofzattemptingztozachievezequality,z countrieszshouldzstriveztozdesignz andzimplementzthezinstitutionalz structureszforzprovidingzthez instrumentalzfreedomszforzallzpeople.z Forzexample,zeducationzshouldzbez seenzaszazglobalzpubliczgoodzratherz thanzaszazcommodityztozbezsoldzaszaz privatezgood,zwithzthezbestzqualityz goingztozthezhighestzbidder.z 4.z Establishzazsetzofzruleszonztechnologyz transferzandzdevelopment,zwhichz wouldzenableztechnologyztozbez eitherzdevelopedzorzadaptedzlocally.z Suchzazframeworkzwillzallowzcitizensz withinzeachzcountryztozdeterminez theztypezofztechnologyztheyzuse,z andzthezpacezatzwhichztheyzusezit,ztoz improvezwell-being.zthezruleszmustz promotezinnovationzwhilezatzthez sameztimezpreventzexclusionzandz monopolizationzofztechnologies.z 5.z Measurezcountryzprogresszbyz establishingzaznewzsetzofzaccountsz thatztrackzwell-beingzandznotzjustz economiczperformance.zazportfolioz ofzindicatorszshouldzplacezspecialz emphasiszonzmacro-levelzindicatorsz suchzaszonezforzinclusivezwealth.z Thesezindicatorszshouldzprovidez informationzonzhowzeachzcountryz iszusingzitszproductivezbasezaszwellz aszsummarizezcountries zimpactsz onzeachzother.zthuszwezcanzgainzanz overviewzofzglobalzsustainabilityzandz notzjustzsustainabilityzwithinznationalz borders.z

8 8 CONCLUSION Thezcurrentzconfluencezofzcrisesz offerszuszazuniquezopportunityz tozfundamentallyzchangezourz economiczsystem.zthiszchangez mustzbezaccompaniedzbyzaz socialztransformationzthatziszdrivenzbyz theznewzsystemzitself.ztheztechnologicalz transformationzmustzbezazbottom-upz approachzdrivenzbyzcapacityzwithinz countrieszandztakingzintozaccountzthez socialzandzculturalzconditionszuniqueztoz eachzcountry.zmeasurementzofzprogressz mustzmovezawayzfromzanzeconomicsbasedzyardstickztozazmultidimensionalz indicator.ztherezalsozneedsztozbezazmovez awayzfromzproductionzandzconsumptionz towardszinclusivezwealthzatzthezmacroz levelzandzinstrumentalzfreedomszatz thezindividualzlevel.zlastly,ztheznotionz ofzglobalzresponsibilityzforzimprovingz thezwell-beingzofzallzindividualszacrossz thezplanet,zirrespectivezofzcountryzorz region,zneedsztozbezthezdoctrinezofzaznewz internationalzorderzofzgovernance. Looking at Green Economy through new glasses. CREDIT: CAROLYN LOUISE SMITH References and further reading Arrow,zK.J.,zDasgupta,zP.,zGoulder,zL.,z Daily,zG.,zEhrlich,zP.R.,zHeal,zG.M.,zLevin,z S.,zMaler,zK.G.,zSchneider,zS.,zStarrett,zD.A.z andzwalker,zb.z2004.zarezwezconsumingz toozmuch?zjournal of Economic Perspectivesz18(1):z Berkhout,zF.,zAngel,zD.zandzWieczorek,z A.z2009.zAsianzdevelopmentzpathwaysz andzsustainablezsocio-technicalzregimes.z Technological Forecasting & Social Changez 76(2):z Chopra,zK.zandzDuraiappah,zA.K.z2008.z Operationalizingzcapabilitieszinzaz segmentedzsociety,zinzalkirezetzal.zthe Capability Approach: Concepts, Measures and Applications.zCambridgezUniversityz Press:zCambridge,zUK. Cipolla,zC.M.z1993.zBefore the Industrial Revolution.zRoutledge:zLondon,zUK. Dasgupta,zP.zandzMalerzK.G.z2000.zNetz NationalzProduct,zwealth,zandzsocialzwellbeing.zEnvironment and Development Economicsz5:z Dreze,zJ.zandzSen,zA.z2002.zIndia: Development and Participation.zOxfordzUniversityz Press:zNewzYork,zUSA.z Duraiappah,zA.K.z1998.zPovertyzandzenvironmentalzdegradation:zinvestigationzofz theznexus.zworld Developmentz26(11). Easterlin,zR.z2003.zExplainingzhappiness.z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesz100(19):z z IHDPz(forthcoming).zThe Inclusive Wealth Report.zInternationalzHumanzDimensionz ProgrammezonzGlobalzEnvironmentalz Change:zBonn,zGermany. Jackson,zT.z2011.zSocietalztransformationszforzazsustainablezeconomy.zzNatural Resources Forumz35:z Kosoy,zN.,zBrown,zP.G.,zDuraiappah,zA.,z Thomson,zR.,zRogers,zD.zandzMartinez- Alier,zJ.z2012.zWhite Paper: Pillars for a Flourishing Earth: Planetary Boundaries, Economic Growth Delusion and Green Economy.z Owen,zD.z2010.zThezEfficiencyzDilemma:z Ifzourzmachineszusezlesszenergy,zwillz wezjustzusezthemzmore?zannals of Environmentalism.zDownloaded:z 17 Februaryz2012zfromzwww.newyorker. com/reporting/2010/12/20/101220fa_ fact_owen. Rockström,zJ.zetzal.z2009.zPlanetaryz boundaries:zexploringzthezsafezoperatingz spacezforzhumanity.zecology and Societyz 14(2):32. Rogers,zD.S.,zDuraiappah,zA.K.,zAntons,z D.C.,zMunoz,zP.,zBai,zX.,zFragkias,zM.,z andzgutscher,zh.z2012.zazvisionzforz humanzwell-being:ztransitionztozsocialz sustainability.zcurrent Opinion in Environmental Sustainabilityz4(1):z Rutherford,zF.J.zandzAhlgren,zA.z1991.z Science for All Americans.zOxfordz UniversityzPress:zNewzYork,zUSA. Saunders,zH.z2011.zSix Misconceptions about Rebound and Backfire.zDownloaded:z17zMarchz2012zfromzhttp:// thebreakthrough.org/blog/2011/01/six_z misconceptions_about_rebou.shtml. Sen,zA.z1999.zDevelopment as Freedom.z OxfordzUniversityzPress:zOxford,zUK.z Stiglitz,zJ.,zSen,zA.zandzFitoussi,zJ.P.z2010.z Mismeasuring Our Lives: Why GDP Doesn t Add Up.zThezNewzPress:zNewzYork,zUSA,z andzlondon,zuk. Tierney,zJ.z2011.zWhen Energy Efficiency Sullies the Environment.zDownloaded:z 17 Februaryz2012zfromzNewzYorkzTimeszz 08tier.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=jevons%20z paradox&st=cse. UNEP,z2011.zTowards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication.zwww.unep.org/ greeneconomy. Compiled by: ThezInternationalzHumanzDimensionsz ProgrammezonzGlobalzEnvironmentalz Change,zincludingzAnanthazDuraiappah,z LeislzNeskakis,zPablozMunoz,zPabloz Fuetenebro,zVerazKöpsel,zElormzDarkey,z LouisezSmith. Editing,zdesignzandzlayout:zGreenzInk,zUKz(